SUBJECT : ENGLISHdsert.kar.nic.in/learning_materials/10English2LangP2.pdf · the English language...
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Government of Karnataka RAINBOW (Work Book with Activities) PART - 2 TENTH STANDARD 10 SUBJECT : ENGLISH 2019-20 Name : .................................................................... School Name : .................................................................... .................................................................... Department of State Educational Research and Training Banashankari 3 rd Stage, Bengaluru - 560 085
Transcript of SUBJECT : ENGLISHdsert.kar.nic.in/learning_materials/10English2LangP2.pdf · the English language...
Government of Karnataka
RAINBOW(Work Book with Activities)
PART - 2TENTH STANDARD
10
SUBJECT : ENGLISH
2019-20
Name : ....................................................................
School Name : ....................................................................
....................................................................
Department of State Educational Research and TrainingBanashankari 3rd Stage, Bengaluru - 560 085
Committee Details
Concept and GuidanceS.R. Umashankar IAS
Principal Secretary,Primary and Secondary Education,
Bengaluru
Dr. K.G. Jagadesh IAS
Commissioner for Public Instruction,Bengaluru
Dr. M.T. Reju IAS
State Project Director,Samagra Shikshana,
Bengaluru
Suggestion Workbook revieW Committee:
H.N Gopal Krishna, Director DSERT, Bengaluru.
T.N. Gayathri Devi, Joint Director, DSERT, Bengaluru.
N. Kenche Gowda, Deputy Director, DSERT, Bengaluru.
Anjelina Christina, Senior Ass. Director, Programme Coordinator, DSERT, Bengaluru.
Sreedhar. A., Senior Lecturer, DIET, Tumakuru.
Dr. S. Venkateswaran, Formerly Professor, RIESI, Bengaluru.
Resource Team
• Abdul Wajid Khazi C, Deputy Director (Development) and Principal, DIET Dharwad
• J. G. Sayed, Senior Lecturer, DIET Dharwad
• Afroza Kathiawari, Teacher Educator, DIET, Dharwad
• Ningappa N. Savanur, Senior teacher of English, KE Board High School, Dharwad
• Ramesh S. Madar, Teacher of English, SVS High School, Sadhankeri, Dharwad
• Vijayakumar Karikatti, Teacher of English, Govt, High School, Jinnur, Dharwad
• Naveenkumar Dodamani, Teacher of English, M.D.R. High School, Ganjigatti, Dharwad
• Nagaraj Karikatti, Teacher of English, S.G.M. High School, Garag, Dist: Dharwad
• Fairoz Golandaz, Teacher of English, M.D.R.S. Tarlaghatta, Dist: Dharwad
• Prakash Hubballi, Teacher of English, Govt. High school, Benachi, Dist:Dharwad
• Shekhar Mogale, Teacher of English, Govt High School, Shivalli, Dist: Dharwad
Foreword
This Rainbow workbook series Part 2 with activities has been prepared in accordance with the English language syllabus and curriculum requirements as stated in the main course reader for teaching English as a second language. The objectives of this workbook are as follows:
• To facilitate the reinforcement of what has been taught and learnt using the maincourse book.
• To supplement the activities given in the main course book.
• To focus more on developing the language skills.
This workbook has been designed in such a way that learners at the said level get more opportunities to practice what has been learnt in the class and become more proficient in the use of the taught language. The activities suggested are self instructional and they cater to the differing interest levels of the learners. This workbook also includes instructions to the teachers on how to enable the students make the best use of the workbook and acquire the language skills.
Teachers are directed to record the progress of the students and their using of the workbook by using the ‘app’ method developed by the Department for this purpose. Teachers are also instructed to use the workbook to maximize the language proficiency of the learners by taking into account the performance level of the learners stated in NAS and CSAS surveys. It will not be out of context to say that ‘Part I’ in this series has been put into practice already and students have started using the same.
I thank all the members of the workbook review committee and my special thanks are to ‘RIESI’ for offering valuable suggestions and their contributions in this regard.
I welcome suggestions, if any, for the improvement of this Workbook.
Date : 21-05-2019 S.R. Umashankar, IASBengaluru Principal Secretary
Government of Karnataka (Primary and Secondary Education),
Bengaluru
CONTENT
S.No Name of the Title No
4. Writing skill 1-12
Micro-Test - 4 13-14
5. Vocabulary 15-32
Micro-Test - 5 33-34
6. Language in use 35-70
Micro-Test - 6 71-72
Points to be remembered: (for students)
You must practice at least one page a day by doing the activities given in that page.
You can go to the next page only when you have learnt fully well and complete the activities in the previous page.
You must first understand the model activity in the example given and learn systematically and do the activities.
If you are not able to do any activity or complete an exercise, you can take the help or guidance of your friend or your teacher.
Tick the appropriate emotive feelings for self evaluation to indicate if your understanding of the concept is very good ‘, satisfactory ‘’or not satisfactory ‘’.
You can evaluate your own achievement by completing the micro tests given in the practice book and you must complete all the micro tests.
LETTERS
Letters are written to communicate with others form. There are two types of letters 1) Formal letter (Official letter) and 2) Informal letter (personal letter).
Formal letterFormal letters are written in a formal language. Such letters are written for official purposes to dignitaries, authorities, colleagues but not for relatives. A formal letter follows certain rules and conventions. They are as follows :
• Sender’s address (From)
• Date
• Receiver’s address (To)
• Greeting (Salutation)
• Subject
• Body of the letter
• Thanking
• Closing the letter (Yours faithfully,) and Signature
• Place
• Receiver’s address (On envelope)
An Example of A Formal LetterFrom
Arham F.G.
Govt.high school,
Dharwad.
Date :31st Jan 2019
PART - 2 WRITING SKILL4
2
To
The Head Master
Govt.HighSchool,
Dharwad.
Respected Sir/Madam,
Subject: Request for issuing Transfer Certificate
I, Kumar Arham F.G. have passed S.S.L.C. with a first class. Now I would like to have admission for P.U.C. and continue my education in a different college. So I request you to kindly issue me my transfer certificate. My registration no is 34/2016-17.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
Kumar Arham F.G.
Task 1: Below is a jumbled letter format. Re-arrange the format in the right form.
To
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From
Yours faithfully,
Signature
Thank you
Respected Sir/Madam
Body of the letter
To
Subject:
Date:
Task 2: Given below is a jumbled letter. Rearrange the different parts of the letter and make meaningful.
a) Yours faithfully ____________________________________
b) Requesting to grant two days leave. ____________________________________
c) To ____________________________________
The Head Master
M.D.R.S. Tarlaghatta Kundagol
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d) Respected Sir/Madam, ____________________________________
e) From ____________________________________
Anand B
M.D.R.S. Tarlaghatta Kundagol
f)
To
The Head Master
M.D.R.S. Tarlaghatta Kundagol
____________________________________
g) Date: ____________________________________
h) Thank you ____________________________________
j) I am Anand studying in 10th standard. I am suffering from a severe fever. The doctor has advised me to take complete rest. Please grant me leave for two days. Also I assure you that I will complete all the home assignments.
________________________________________________________________________
Task 3: Fill in the blanks with correct steps of formal letter
1) From
2) ____________________________
3) To
4) ____________________________
5) Subject
6) ____________________________
7) Thank you
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8) ____________________________
9) place
10) ____________________________
Task 4(a):
Following are the extracts of a few formal letters. Read them carefully and identify the purpose of each letter.
A) My brother is getting married. So, I will not be able to attend the school on 28/02/2019.I request you to grant me leave on this day.
B) I, Krishna G.M. passed S.S.L.C. in 2018 with the first class. Now I would like to join P.U.C. and continue my education. I request you to issue me my transfer certificate. I am thankful to all my teachers.
Exercise: 1) Write a letter to the news editor to publish an article about your school.
2) Write a letter to your class teacher requesting 2 days leave.
3) Write a letter to the Chief Officer, Town Municipal Council, Hiriyur about the garbage dumped in your locality and request him/her to do the needful.
4) Write a letter to your head master, requesting him to help your friend to pay the school fees as he/she is poor.
Informal letter (Personal letter)Informal letter(personal letter)are written in a informal language. Such letters are written for personal purposes to father, mother, friends etc.. Informal letter follows certain rules and conven-tions. Such as :
• Sender’s adress (From)
• Date
• Greeting (Salutation)
• Body of the letter
• Closing the letter (Yours lovingly,) and Signature
• Receiver’s adress ( On envelope)
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An Example of an Informal LetterFrom
Arham F.G. MDRS HostelDharwad.
Date :31st Jan 2019
My Dear father,
I am fine here and hope all are fine and keeping well.
I have received the 2nd preparatory test marks. I have secured 80% in it. I am not happy with my performance. Teachers are of the opinion that I can perform much better if I put in more effort. I have come to know that I should take up my studies more seriously. I have decided to plan my work and put in more hours of studies than before. Now, I have set new target for the Annual examination.
Convey my regards to mother, brother and sister.
Yours lovingly,
Arham F.G.
ToFairoz, S.G.NagamangalaMandya-683335
Task 4(b): Given below is a jumbled letter. Rearrange the different parts of the letter and make meaningful.
Date :31st Jan 2019
Yours lovingly,
Anusha.K
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ToMananda.Vijay nagar’ Dharwad-580008
I am fine here I wish to hear the same from you. I find surprise to know that you have scored highest marks in the public examination. Your name appears in the merit list.
I am very glad to congratulate you on your brilliant success. Really, you deserve the grand success. Still, I am very happy to learn that you are going to study Science.
Convey my regards to mother, and sister.
My Dear friend,
From
Anusha.K
Vidya Nagar, Bengaluru
Task 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct steps of an Informal letter
1) From
2) _________________
3) My dear __________
4) _________________
5) Yours lovingly,
Signature
6) ________________
Profile writingProfile writing is writing a brief summary of an applicant’s basic details, skills, experience, achievements etc.
Steps 1 : Read all the clues clearly.
Steps 2 : Start the profile with introductory statement.
Steps 3 : Use third person (he/she/it/they)
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Steps 4 : Use helping verbs is, are, was, were, has, had, have etc.
Step 5 : Use appropriate tenses.
Profile writing-1
Task 6: Given below is a profile of Rahul Dravid. Write a paragraph on Dravid using the clues given below:
Date of Birth : 11th January,1973
Place of birth : Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Nationality : Indian
Known for : Test cricket
Runs scored : 13,288(test) 10,889(ODI)
Awards : The Padmashri, The Padmabhushan
This given profile is about Rahul Dravid the most popular cricketer. He was born on 11th January 1973 at Indore in Madhya Pradesh. He is an Indian cricketer specially known for Test cricket. In test matches he has scored totally 13,288 runs and in the One Day Internationals (ODI) matches 10,889 runs. For his great performance and a successful career in sports Government of India has conferred on him the titles Padmashri and Padmabushan.
Profile writing-2
Task 7:Given below is a profile of P.T.Usha Write a paragraph using the clues given below:
Name : P.T.Usha
Nick name : Payyoli Express
Date of Birth : 27th July 1964
Place of birth : Payyoli, Kerala
Field of sports : Athletic Running.
Awards and medals : 1) 4 Gold Medals 1 silver medal in 1986 Asian Games
2) The Padmashri and Arjuna award by Indian Govt
This profile given is about one of the famous Athletes P.T.Usha ___ __known as Payyoli Express. ___ _____ born on 27th July1964 at Payyoli in Kerala.____field of sports ____Athletic Run-ning,____ ____got 4 Gold Medals 1 silver medal in 1986 Asian Games. And ___ ____hon-oured with Padmashri and Arjuna award by Indian Government.
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Profile writing-3
Task 8: Given below is a profile of Rabindranath Tagore. Write a paragraph using the clues given below:
Known in Bengal as : Gurudeva
Birth : 7th may 1861
Parents : Debendranath Tagore Sarala Devi
Occupation : Writer, Painter, Singer
Notable works : Gitanjali, Jana Gana Mana, Rabindra Sangeet, Amar Sonar Bangla etc.
Award : Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913
Death : 7th August 1941
Fill in the blanks with correct information
This profile is given about the Nobel laureate______________, He was known as ______in Bengal. He was born on__________ and his parents were ______and_____. He served in many fields such as a_____, _____ and _______.He had written number of works among them some are______,_______,______,_____ etc. he was awarded ______ Prize for_____ in the year____.We lost great saint and Social reformer on 7th August 1941.
Exercises
1. Prepare a bio sketch of your father and write a paragraph based on it.
2. Prepare a bio sketch of your mother and write a paragraph based on it.
3. Prepare a bio sketch of Dr. B.R.Ambedkar and write a paragraph based on it.
4. Prepare a bio sketch of yourself and write a paragraph based on it.
EDITING
Step 1. Read the clues carefully.
Step 2. Search for given mistakes
e.g. Spelling, Punctuation marks, Parts of speech
Step 3. Rewrite the paragraph
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Two examples are given for you
e.g.1. The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in the answer –book. Clues are given.
Whales are normally gentle. Many whales exibit strong family ties. The young ones remain with their parents for up to fifteen years or more. How wonderful it is.
Clues: (a) Spelling mistake to be corrected
(b) Use correct punctuation mark
Ans. Whales are normally gentle. Many whales exhibit strong family ties. The young ones remain with their parents for up to fifteen years or more. How wonderful it is !
e.g.2. The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in the answer –book. Clues are given.
Mr. Vishwanath is an enginir. He gets up early in the morning regular. He is very healthy. He believes that health is wealth. He works at BHEL. He returns home at 5.00p.m.
Clues: (a) Spelling mistake to be corrected
(b) Adverbial mistake to be corrected
Ans: Mr. Vishwanath is an engineer. He gets up early in the morning regularly. He is very healthy. He believes that health is wealth. He works at BHEL. He returns home at 5.00p.m.
Task 9: The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in the space provided. Clues are given.
I did not attended the summer camp because he made me work at home from down to dusk.
Clues:
(a) Tense form of verb to be corrected
(b) Spelling mistake to be corrected
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Task 10: The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in the space provided. Clues are given.
Her hand reached for the steel railing above, but finding only air, roma thrown out of the coach.
Clues: (a) Use capital letter.
(b) Noun plural to be used.
Task 11: The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in the space provided. Clues are given.
Wangjia lay on the ground and begin to crawl forward. His clothe were torn; his knees and shoulders were bruised.
Clues: (a) Right verb form to be used
(b) Noun plural to be used
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STORY DEVELOPMENT
Task 12: Fill in the blanks and make a short story using clues given in the box.
A farmer had four sons. They did not ---------their father in his work. One day the farmer fell seriously---------. He called his sons and told them there was a hidden--------- in his field. But he could not tell the exact place .The farmer then---------.The sons ---------the field but ---------no treasure. They had very ---------crop that year. They sold it and got a lot of ---------then they real-ized that their father had spoken the truth.
Money, died, found, sowed, help, ill, treasure dug, good
Task 13: Fill in the blanks and make a short story using clues given in brackets
One day--------- (name 1) and --------- (name2) wanted to cook --------- (food) ---------for-------- (name3).They wanted to make the meal very--------- (adjective). So went to the --------- (noun) store. When they got there they saw a shelf full of --------- (adjective) --------- (plural noun) and--------- (adjective) --------- (plural noun). They brought all items and prepared--------- (adjective) food. Everyone --------- (verb) the party.
Task 14: Write a paragraph, using the clues given below. You may add some more points if necessary:
A farmer--------- three sons ---------always quarrel ---------decides to teach them a lesson ---------gives a bundle of sticks to break ---------none could break ---------asks them to break one by one--------- could break easily. Moral
Task 15: Complete the following story using the given clues
There was a white old lady. She had white hair. She wore a white saree. She lived in a white hut on white mountain………………….
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Micro-Test - 4
I. Match the order of the content of a formal letter.
A B Answers
Step 1 Sender’s address (From)
Step 2 Body of the letter
Step 3 Receiver’s address ( On envelop)
Step 4 Receiver’s address (To)
Step 5 Place
Step 6 Date
Step 7 Closing the letter(Yours faithfully and Signature)
Step 8 Greeting (Salutation)
Step 9 Subject
Step 10 Thank you,
II. Match the followings steps which you find in the Informal letter
A B
Step 1 Receiver’s address ( On envelop)
Step 2 Closing the letter(Yours lovingly and Signature)
Step 3 Body of the letter
Step 4 Greeting (Salutation)
Step 5 Sender’s address (From)
Step 6 Date
III. Prepare a bio sketch of your best friend and write a paragraph based on it.
IV. Write a paragraph, using the clues given below. You may add some more points if necessary:
A dog ------ bone in mouth------ crossing a bridge ------ peeps down --------- sees a dog with bone --------- is greedy ---------barks --------- bones fall in the water------ -----goes home sadly .Moral
V. The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and Rewrite it in the answer –book. Clues are given.
Impulsively, Baleshwar went and grabed the train’s emergency chain and pulled it down frantical
Clues:
(a) Use correct spelling
(b) Adverbial mistake to be corrected
Student’s Self Evaluation
Sl. No. Learning Indicators 1 I am able to write a formal letter.
2 I can write informal letter
3 I can write paragraphs
4 I am able to build-up the stories
5 I am able to edit paragraphs
14 10 STD SECOND LANGUAGE ENGLISH
Syllables
• A syllable is a single sound unit.
• Syllables usually contain a vowel and accompanying consonants. The number of syllables as a word depends on the number of the vowel sounds in it.
• Cat has one syllable[cat/]
• Water has two syllables[(wa / ter]
• Computer has three syllables [com / pu / ter]
• Category has four syllables [cat / e / gor / y]
• words with one syllables are monosyllabic
• words with two syllables are disyllabic
• words with three syllables are trisyllabic
• words with more than three syllables are polysyllabic
Task-1:
Classify the words under following heads
[school, may, more, enemy, abandon, miracle, departure, getle, hero, friendly, home, assassin, miniature, maintain, manager, pretty, slumber, shower]
Monosyllabic Disyllabic Tri syllabic Polysyllabic
VOCABULARY5
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Task-2:
Pronounce the words and write how many syllables each word has in the box. You can use a dictionary
1. notebook
2. outline
3. dictionary
4. summarize
5. pencil
6. computer
7. television
8. book
9. congratulations
10. celebrations
Task 3: Divide each word into its constituent syllables. One is done for you.
1. For e.g Remain-re-main-2syllables
2. Secluded _________________________
3. Haste _________________________
4. Intermediate _________________________
5. Asthma _________________________
6. Youth _________________________
7. Kilogram _________________________
8. Massive _________________________
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9. Triumph _________________________
10. Retain _________________________
11. Compensation _________________________
12. Twelfth _________________________
13. Wrath _________________________
14. Multiplication _________________________
15. Moral _________________________
16. Recognition _________________________
17. Overseas _________________________
18. Yacht _________________________
19. Attic _________________________
20. Shum _________________________
21. Landscape _________________________
22. Prism _________________________
23. Cooperative _________________________
24. Nursery _________________________
25. Startle _________________________
26. Fleet _________________________
27. Facilitate _________________________
28. Quote _________________________
29. Blunt _________________________
30. Chair. _________________________
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Task 4: Antonyms
B. Match the words with their antonyms. One is done for you.
1 Brave noisily2 Strong bad3 New forget4 Silently coward5 dusty early6 good weak7 remember defined8 Late rude9 vague clean10 polite old
Task 5: Match the words with their antonyms using prefixes
(Un, in, il, ig, im, ir, dis, mis, non, anti, re)
1 expected2 important3 clockwise4 courage5 polite6 resident7 appear8 complete9 known10 Mortal11 lead12 logical13 legal14. responsible
Task 6: Write the correct antonyms of the underlined words in the following sentences.
1) He is a regular student. ___________________________________
2) The man appeared in the street. ____________________________
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3) Ravi is honest boy in the class. _____________________________
4) We have to be kind to the animals. __________________________
5) The man was innocent. ___________________________________
Task 7: Find out the words with prefixes. One is done for you in italics.
i m p o s s i b l e s
a x u n u s u a l r i
d e c n a l a b m i r
z f r e p l a s t e r
k h r e a r a n g e e
d i s r e s p e c t g
i o p m i s l e a d u
q w n o n v e g j y l
u n e x p e c t e d a
i l l i t e r a t e r
1. impossible (im + possible)
2. ____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________
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COLLOCATIVE WORDS
Collocative words are naturally combined words that are traditionally used by the native speakers of English.
e.g-quick, fast, hurry are synonyms but we don’t use quick or hurry with food We say fast food
Some more examples:
• Do work
• Make mistakes
• Commit crime
• Strong coffee
Task 8: Combine the word in column ‘A’ with its collocative word in column ’B’
A B
1. long - small, walk, sit, pan
2. book - worm, goat, paper, cat
3. earth - volcano, sky, sun, quake
4. money - letter, order, coins, stamps
5. rustling - roots, leaves, stems, flowers
6. running - bag, door, water, pencil
7. bright - water, light, cloud, power
8. save - strength, engine, power, energy
9. rapid - growth, progress, movement, speed
10. speedy - recovery, damage, task, fast
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Task 9: Fill in the blanks with suitable collocative word
1. A girl went into the photo ___________________(frame, studio, camera) to get her photo.
2. Bhagat Singh was the greatest freedom ___________________(leader, friend, fighter).
3. The 3 powerful nations come to an agreement to ban nuclear ___________________(family, weapon, clocks) tests.
4. Keeping hand ___________________ (blanket, sari, kerchief) is a part of discipline.
5. We may get blood from the blood ___________________ (post, bank, room)
Task 10: Find the right pairs and make collocative words from the given table write it in space provided
strong, charming, deep, heavy, fast, regular, brisk, walk, evidence, devotion, rain, food, exercise, girl
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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HOMOPHONES
A homophone is a word that sounds the same as another word but has different meaning and/or spelling.
Task 11: Choose the correct spelling to complete
1. They _______ eggs at the supermarket cell/sell
2. He tried to _______ his friend on Sunday. meat/meet
3. The dog had muddy _______ after the walk. paws/pause
4. Ben was _______ out when he got home. warn/worn
5. The ______ used for pancake is thin. doe/dough
6. Shyam is very ______ and worries about his appearance all the time. Vein/vain
7. The book is ______back at the library in two weeks. Dew/due
8. Wheat is ground into ______ for making bread flour/flower
9. The negative feeling you get when you do something wrong is _____ Gilt/guilt
10. They climbed ______ the mountain. Hire/higher
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Task 12:Tick the correct one
1. There is a hole whole in my shoe.
2. My feet feat is hurt.
3. Students completed their there homework.
4. The baby is a taking a knap nap.
5. I would like to have a piece peace of cheese cake right now.
6. That poem is very dear deer to me.
7. The cupboards are bear bare .
8. I hope my plants don’t die dye in this heat.
9. Vegetarians do not eat meet meat .
10. Why don’t the two to of us go to town tomorrow?
Task 13: Tick the one that does not have the same sound.
1. brake break brick
2. die dear deer
3. hear here hire
4. no know now
5. met meet meat
6. weather were whether
7. beach beak beech
Task 14: Choose the correct word.
1. Can I go to the party (to, too, two)?
2. This is my favorite (pare, pair, pear) of jeans.
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3. I (sent, scent, cent) a letter to my aunt in Vietnam.
4. The children got (bored, board) during the lecture.
5. Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez like to work in (there, they’re, their) garden.
6. Alec is going to (wear, ware) his work boots today.
7. Do you think it is going to (rein, rain, reign) this afternoon?
8. I saw a restaurant just off the (rode, road) about a mile back.
9. David’s brother is in a (band, banned) which plays Russian music.
10. Juana wants her socks because her (tows, toes) are cold.
11. The teacher walked down the (aisle, isle) between the rows of desks.
12. Hadil has a (pane, pain) in her shoulder.
13. The school (principal, principle) spoke to a group of parents.
14. The clerk wants to (sell, cell) as many TVs as possible.
15. I don’t want to talk about the (passed, past) anymore.
16. Nobody (knows, nose) what you are thinking.
17. I have (for, four, fore) dollars in my pocket.
18. I need to take a (break, brake) from this exercise!
19. Humans have hands. Dogs have (paws, pause).
20. (He’ll, Heel, Heal) be here in a few minutes.
Task 15: Write the correct word for each clue.
1. Word opposite in meaning _______________________________________________
2. One who does not believe in God __________________________________________
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3. The life history of a person written by himself or herself ________________________
4. A person living at the sametime as others ____________________________________
5. That which cannot be corrected ____________________________________________
6. A handwritten document _________________________________________________
7. Pertaining to sun _______________________________________________________
8. The practice of having one’s voice only _____________________________________
9. The science of the development of man kind _________________________________
10. One who looks at the dark side of the things _________________________________
11. Pertaining to sky _______________________________________________________
Task 16: Choose the most appropriate right word to complete the sentence
1. I can see my house from ________
here
hear
2. When I was younger, I _______ all of the Harry Potter books
red
read
3. Let’s go shopping! There’s a big ______ at my favorite shoe shop.
sale
sail
4. That’s Mona Lisa - it was painted ________ Leonardo Da Vinci!
by
bye
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5. Who _____ this ball at the window?
through
threw
6. The Jockey held the horse’s ______ lightly
rains
reins
7. You should ______ the carrots before you slice them.
pair
pear
8. A busy road _____ passes in front of my children’s school.
road
rode
9. He received _____ from my boss.
male
10. Take a _______ you are working too hard.
brake
break
11. Ramesh is the eldest _______ of Suresh.
Son
Sun
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Alphabetical Order
Johan’s father brought fruits and vegetable from the market. As she was a workaholic she arranged them alphabetically as follows.
Alphabetical order is an indexing method in which names, terms or words are arranged in the same sequence as the letters of the alphabet (A-Z).
Arrange these things alphabetically.
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Task 17: Encircle the word that comes LAST in the alphabetical order.
1 God Nature Beauty Near
2 May Say Way Away
3 City Big Village Flower
4 Tree River Land Cow
5 Tremble Target Trigger Tactic
6 Cement Convent Comment client
Task 18:Arrange the following words alphabetically in the table provided.
1. Early, earnest, earth, earn.
2. Clarify, cerebral, cereal, certain.
3. Comrade, complaint, complex, comfort.
4. Genius, gentle, general, genuine.
5. Rather, ration, rating, ratio.
1
2
3
4
5
Task 19:Put each group of words in alphabetical order by writing 1,2 or 3 on the line before each word.
1. _____ create, _______ creep, _______ credit.
2. _____ advocate, _______ advise, _______ advert.
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3. _____ mango, _______ orange, _______ apple.
4. _____ school, _______ teacher, _______ parents.
5. _____ gain, _______ gate, _______ gave.
Task 20: Use the following idioms and phrases in sentences of your own.
1. To bear with
________________________________________________________________________
2. To break open
________________________________________________________________________
3. To break down
________________________________________________________________________
4. To break the ice
________________________________________________________________________
5. To break into
________________________________________________________________________
6. bring forth
________________________________________________________________________
7. To bring out
________________________________________________________________________
8. To bring up
________________________________________________________________________
9. To call at
________________________________________________________________________
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10. To call out
________________________________________________________________________
11. To call off
________________________________________________________________________
12. To fall back
________________________________________________________________________
13. To fall in
________________________________________________________________________
14. To fall off
________________________________________________________________________
15. To fall out
________________________________________________________________________
16. To get about
________________________________________________________________________
17. To get along
________________________________________________________________________
18. To get rid off
________________________________________________________________________
19. To get over
________________________________________________________________________
20. To get down
________________________________________________________________________
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21. To give in
________________________________________________________________________
22. To keep off
________________________________________________________________________
23. To keep on
________________________________________________________________________
24. To keep up
________________________________________________________________________
25. To look after
________________________________________________________________________
26. To look back
________________________________________________________________________
27. To turn against
________________________________________________________________________
28. Turn off
________________________________________________________________________
Task 21: Make use of the following pair of words in sentences to bring out difference in meaning
1) accept __________________________________________________________________
except __________________________________________________________________
2) affect ___________________________________________________________________
effect ___________________________________________________________________
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3) site ____________________________________________________________________
sight ___________________________________________________________________
4) knight __________________________________________________________________
night ___________________________________________________________________
5) desert __________________________________________________________________
dessert __________________________________________________________________
6) heard ___________________________________________________________________
herd ____________________________________________________________________
7) loose ___________________________________________________________________
lose ____________________________________________________________________
8) Write____________________________________________________________________
right ___________________________________________________________________
9) dose ____________________________________________________________________
doze ___________________________________________________________________
10) berth ___________________________________________________________________
birth ___________________________________________________________________
11) Access __________________________________________________________________
Excess __________________________________________________________________
12) Light ___________________________________________________________________
Lite ____________________________________________________________________
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Micro-Test - 5
I. Choose a word from the box to complete each sentence.
there where too wear
their to won
they’re two one
1. _____are you going?
2. I’m going _____ a movie with my friend.
3. Sundar will come ______.
4. Don’t forget to _____ a jacket when you go.
5. Here is some money go and buy _____ hot dogs.
II. Identify the number of syllables in the following words.(You can use a dictionary)
Words No. of syllables
information
teacher
friend
above
performance
actor
III. Add suitable prefixes to the following words to make antonyms.
Words Antonyms
possible
accurate
comfortable
regular
appear
satisfy
IV. Arrange the following words alphabetically.
1. crayon , crown, crystal, crime.
2. empower. engage, enormous, enable.
Student’s Self Evaluation
Sl.No. Learning Indicators 1 I can differentiate homophones
2 I can identify collocative words.
3 I can search words in the dictionary
4 I can add prefixes to make antonyms.
5 I can identify syllables in a word.
34 10 STD SECOND LANGUAGE ENGLISH
Task 1: Fill in the blanks using suitable conjunctions given in the bracket.
(and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so)
1) Jack ………….Jill went up the hill.
2) Rakesh had enough books ………….. he wanted more.
3) I don’t like chocolate ice-cream………….. do I like vanilla.
4) I want to go with you …………. I am not allowed.
5) Which one do you prefer apple ………. Orange.
6) Do you prefer hot coffee …………..cold coffee?
7) I work for money ............. he works for pleasure.
8) They decided to go ............. it was raining heavily.
9) Ramesh is tall .............. slim.
10) Ravi .............. Suresh were friends.
11) .................. Sahil ............. his friend attended the party.
12) I will attend your marriage ceremony .............. I don’t go to Bangaluru.
Prepositions
Prepositions are the words, which help us to locate things/places and time.
Task 2: Fill in the blanks with appropriate preposition in the blanks.
1. There is news about the bravery ………. a village lad.
LANGUAGE IN USE6
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2. The boy had the fight ………. the tiger.
3. The boy climbed ………. a tree to save his life.
4. Swami had the habit of sleeping ……………. his granny…….. the passage.
5. Swami’s father looked …….. the news paper gloomily. It was …… his lap.
6. The tiger waited half a day …………… the tree for the boy.
7. Swami’s father suggested him to sleep ………….. bench if the there is dust.
8. Swami moved to the edge of the bench and stared ………….. the darkness.
9. Swami followed the conversation of parents ………... the blanket.
10. Swami was honoured ……. his classmates and teachers.
Task 3: Read the conversations and fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.
Baleshwar : What can I do ………. you Roma?
Roma : Please go…… the accident spot and find if my mobile is there.
Baleshwar : Shall I go there and discuss ……….. the railway guard?
Roma : But it was fallen ………….. Thane and Mumbai railway stations.
Baleshwar : OK, no problem, I‘ll search ………… the track, don’t worry.
Roma : Thank you very much. Bye!
Task 4: Fill in the blanks using the appropriate prepositions from the list.
(in, on, at, for, from, to, near, beside, with, by, up to, up, forward etc)
Don Anselmo, a gentleman lived ……..in Rio En Medio. His people had been living there …… hundreds ……..years. He had an old house ………. the Orchard. There was a creek running ………….his land. Don Anselmo wanted to sell his land ………. 12 hundred Dollars. He discussed the matter ………. the mediator A.A. Sedillo. The good Americans came ………… to purchase the land. They got the land surveyed ……. the engineers.
They found that the land extended ………… the river. The Americans moved ……… the Rio En Medio……….. summer. One day they came to the office and complained that the children come to the Orchard and are playing………. .the trees.
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Task 5: Correct the errors in the following:
1. The tiger climbed into the tree ______________________________________________
2. It is 7 am in my watch. _____________________________________________________
3. They quarrelled at each other. ________________________________________________
4. Many soldiers died with the war. ______________________________________________
5. The teacher asked Rahul by read the lines. ______________________________________
6. There should not be any noise under the class. ___________________________________
7. The airplane flow about the sky. ______________________________________________
8. They were ________________________________________________ in the crossroads.
9. In the busy market, I saw a lorry colliding in the auto. ____________________________
10. Shilpa is good at her studies _________________________________________________
11. He sat in A and B. _________________________________________________________
TenseTask 6: Fill in the blanks with the suitable verb forms given in the bracket.
a. The sun ____________ in the east. (rise/rises)
b. The birds ____________ in the nest. (live/lives)
c. I ____________ for a walk every morning.(go/goes)
d. We the children of India ____________ our soldiers. (respect/respects)
e. Why do you ____________ at me always. (stare/stares)
f. They ____________ in the snow covered mountains. (live/lives)
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Task 7: Fill in the blanks with ‘Do’ or ‘Does.’
a. We____________ not know how to play golf.
b. They ____________ not need any help..
c. You ____________ not have to come tomorrow.
d. Mukund ____________ not have a brother.
e. I ____________ not watch TV during examination.
f. Farmers ____________ not waste time during monsoon.
g. ____________ they come in time?
h. ____________ you need any help?
i. ____________ he want to take admission in the sports club?
Task 8: Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ and ‘are’
a. I _____ a regular visitor to the ‘Nature First’ park.
b. We children ______ the future citizens of this country.
c. You ______ interested in classical music.
d. She ____ preparing herself for the examination.
e. This picture _____being painted by my brother.
f. He _____ not listening to Western music.
g. They_____ our guests.
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Task 9: Fill in the blanks with ‘have’, ‘has’ or ‘had’.
a. His father _____ an antique car.
b. She ____ not left with any option.
c. I _____ straight long hair.
d. He _____ been watching TV when I went to him.
e. We _____ no right to torture the dumb animals.
f. ______ you seen my new bag?
g. The letter _____been written by her friend.
h. These children _____been trained by a renowned sportsman.
Task 10: Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verb given in the brackets.
a. He ______ German when I was a child. (study)
b. Meria _____at the ice-cream parlour after school. (work)
c. Americans _____the land by Don Anselmo. (buy)
d. The sunset _____ beautiful last night. (be)
e. We ______ on the phone for thirty minutes. (talk)
Task 11: Fill in the blanks choosing the right form of verbs given in brackets.
1. Satish _______ (meet) an accident when he ______ (be) in Kashmir.
2. Rohan ________ (be+assist) his father when I _______(go) to his home.
3. The seamen ________(have+lose) their patience.
4. India _______(be+rule) by British for 200 years.
5. Lucia ______ (have) a dog. She ______ (buy) it form London.
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Reported speech
{Direct-Indirect Speech}
Task 12: Change the following in the reported speech.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
She said “I like ice cream”
She said “ I am living in London”
She said “ I bought a car”
She said “I was walking along the street”
She said “I haven’t seen Sandhya”
She said “ I had taken English lessons before”
She said “I’ll see you later”
She said “ I would help her”
She said “I can speak” perfect English”
She said “I could swim.”
She said “I shall come later”
She said “I should call my mother”
She said “ I might be late”
She said “I must study at the weekend”
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Where is the Post Office, please?
What are you doing?
Who was that fantastic man?
She said “Do you give me the book?”
She said “Have you ever been to Mysore?”
She said “ Are you living here?”
Reported Requests
Direct Request Reported Request
She said “Please help me”.
She said “Please don’t smoke”.
She said “ Could you bring my book tonight?”
She said “Could you pass the milk, please?”
She said “ Would you mind coming early tomorrow?”
Direct Order Reported Order
Go to bed!
Don’t worry!
Be on time!
Don’t smoke!
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Reporting the conversation
One is done for you.
Rekha : Good morning Rani
Rani : Very good morning, Rekha.
Rekha : Have you registered your name with the teacher?
Rani : Yes. I have registered my name.
Rekha : Good all the best
Reported conversation
Rekha and Rani greeted each other. Rekha asked Rani if she had registered her name with the teacher. Rani nodded her head and told that she had registered her name. Rekha wished Rani all the best.
Task 13: Report the following:
1. Ajay”Do you want to dance?”
Ajay asked me -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Bharati: “When did you come?”
Bharati wanted to know-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Manoj: “Has he arrived?”
Manoj asked me -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Ramesh “Where does Maria park her car?”
Ramesh asked me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Anil: “Did you watch the latest film?”
Anil asked me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Task-14: Report the following dialogue
Mary : “What are you doing here, Manisha?”
Manisha : “I’ve just come back from my holiday in Puna”
Mary : “Did you enjoy it?”
Manisha : “I love Puna.”
Mary : “Did you go to the museum there?”
Manisha : “We visited the museum. It was nice experience”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task-15:
A) Rakesh introduces himself to the audience. Report it in your own words
My name is Rakesh. I was born in a remote village. There were no facilities. My parents were poor. I had to struggle even to get two meals a day. But I never felt defeated. I had confidence. I got the guidance from my teachers. I followed it strictly. Now I am successful businessman.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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B) Report the following speech.
Sohail greeted Madan and asked how he was. Madan replied that he was fine. Sohail said why Madan was there Madan told him that he was there to borrow his laptop. Sohail said that his laptop was with his father. Madan asked when his father would return. Sohail said that his father would return at 6 pm in the evening. Sohail asked Madan to come at 6 pm. Madan agreed.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Active and Passive VoiceTask-16: Change the following into passive voice.
Active : I write a letter.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : I help you.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : I love my parents.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : We love our country.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
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Changing a negative sentence into the passive
Active : I do not write a letter.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : I do not tell lies.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : He does not tease her.
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive
Structure: Is/are/am + object of the active verb + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the passive verb.
Active : Do you write a letter?
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : Do you visit the markets every day?
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : Does she make candles?
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : Who does not obey you?
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : Which newspaper do you read?
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
Active : Does she do her duty well?
Passive : ________________________________________________________________
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Change into Passive Voice for all tenses:
1. Simple Present Tense:
Active Voice: She writes a letter.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
2. Present Progressive Tense:
Active Voice: They are eating oranges.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
3. Present Perfect Tense:
Active Voice: Has she completed the work?
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
4. Simple Past Tense:
Active Voice: He did not buy a book.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
5. Past Progressive Tense:
Active Voice: She was washing a shirt.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
6. Past Perfect Tense:
Active Voice: They had won the match.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
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7. Simple Future Tense:
Active Voice: She will write a poem.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
8. Future Perfect Tense:
Active Voice: He will have received the letter.
Passive Voice: __________________________________________________________
Task 16: Determine if each sentence is in the active or passive voice. Underline the “doer” in each sentence. Remember, the “doer” may not be the subject of the sentence.
Example: The show was sponsored by Kitty Kat Care. Active/passive
1. The decision to proceed with our plans was made by Dr. Jones. active / passive
2. Emily and Stephen entered the dance contest. active / passive
3. One of the kittens was adopted by our neighbour. active / passive
4. The survivors appeared on The Today Show. active / passive
5. Hundreds of lollipops were bought by those attending the fair. active / passive
6. Sandra questioned the senator about his decision. active / passive
7. Kenny’s mother helped him with his homework. active / passive
8. The students were tutored by the volunteers active / passive
9. Jason was recognized by everyone in town. active / passive
10. Investigators combed the area for more clues. active / passive
11. Everyone attending the concert enjoyed the show. active / passive
12. The invitations were mailed by the bride on Saturday. active / passive
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Task17: Convert each sentence from active to passive.
1. The construction crew built the new hospital in record time.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. The president of the school introduced the new football coach last night.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. The professor demonstrated how to write an effective advertisement.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. The auction raised a million dollars for the building fund.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. The swarm of locusts destroyed the field of corn in one day.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. The legislature passed the state budget in their last session.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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7. Nobody wanted the item that was being auctioned.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. won the race at Bristol Speedway.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task 18. Convert the following sentences from active to passive or from passive to active.
1. The artist created a series of modern masterpieces.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. The winning tomato at the county fair was grown by Jimmy Smith.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. The best performance of the night was performed by the Macy City High School Band.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Bobby’s parents gave him a new car for his graduation present.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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5. Students celebrated the completion of their final exams with a big party.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. The notes played by the musicians were flawless.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. The doctor diagnosed the first case of flu this season.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8. The introduction to the book was written by the author’s father.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task 19. Change the following into passive voice.
1. Spectators enjoyed the match.
2. Close the door.
3. Please help me to cross the road.
Task 21. Convert the paragraph from active to passive or from passive to active voice.
The artist created a series of modern masterpiece. The winning portrait at the art gallery was painted by artist. The best painting of the year painted by the Macy City High School Band. Bobby’s parents gave him a new car for his art. Artist celebrated the completion of their final exhibition with a big party.
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task 22: Change the following paragraph into passive voice.
We celebrate sports day in our school every year. We organise many games and sports activities on this day. Children take part in different sports activities. And they win medals and prizes. Thus, children enjoy this day with great fun.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Wh-Questions : Frame ‘Wh’ questions so as to get the underlined word as answer.
1. That’s Mahadev. __________________________________________________________
2. He lives in Balki. _________________________________________________________
3. I go to bed early to get up early in the morning. _________________________________
4. I go to work at 7:00 am. ____________________________________________________
5. I go by bus. ______________________________________________________________
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6. I am an engineer. __________________________________________________________
7. I prefer this book. _________________________________________________________
8. This is my book. __________________________________________________________
9. I met a traveller. __________________________________________________________
10. I like western classical music. ________________________________________________
11. I came home at 8 pm in the evening. __________________________________________
12. There are eight rooms. _____________________________________________________
13. I have got seven hours. _____________________________________________________
14. I stayed three days in that hotel. ______________________________________________
15. I go to the temple every Sunday. ______________________________________________
16. My village is seven kilometers from the city. ____________________________________
17. I am eighteen years old. ____________________________________________________
Task 23: Rearrange the words to get a meaningful question.
1. They what doing are ?
2. up you when get in the morning do ?
3. You do spell how name your ?
4. like does why Tim handball ?
5. What like the girls sports do ?
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6. friend for lunch your have did what ?
7. in stay Kevin Paris how did long ?
8. maths who thinks easy ?
9. the weather like was what ?
10. for homework what is ?
Task 24: Fill in the blanks with appropriate question words with the help of the pictures provided.
1. time is it?
2. old are you?
3. is your birthday?
4. are your parents
5. is your book?
6. is the party?
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Task 25: Tick the answer
1. ________ are you doing tonight?
What
Where
2. ________ time you get up?
When
What
3. _________is going with you?
Who
Whom
4. _________ is the old faded coat?
Whom
Whose
5. ________nations met at Geneva?
How many
How much
6. How _______ does it take you get home?
long
long time
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7. _______often do you go to the theatre?
What
How
8. _______did you have for breakfast?
Which
What
9. _________is your brother?
What
Which
10. _________ is your height and weight?
How
What
Task 26: Frame Wh questions to get the underlined word as answer.
1. Romi goes to school by bus.
________________________________________________________________________
2. The teacher explains the lesson in front of the black board.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Shobha washes her hair twice a week.
________________________________________________________________________
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4. My brother does homework carefully.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Don Anselmo loves the children of Rio-en-medio.
________________________________________________________________________
6. Mahadevi sings melodiously.
________________________________________________________________________
7. My mother cooks rice in the kitchen.
________________________________________________________________________
8. Thalia had dinner before going to bed.
________________________________________________________________________
9. I give Mahesh a birthday present.
________________________________________________________________________
10. The students listen to the teacher’s explanation.
________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION TAGQuestion tags are short questions at the end of statements.
They are mainly used in speech when we want to confirm that something is true or not, or to encourage a reply from the person we are speaking to.
Question tags are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the statement and the appropriate subject.
A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag.
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Jack is from Spain, isn’t he?
Mary can speak English, can’t she?
A negative statement is followed by a positive question tag.
They aren’t funny, are they?
He shouldn’t say things like that, should he?
Task 27 : Complete the following sentences by adding a tag question:
a) She didn’t watch the film last night, ________
b) It’s great to see you again, __________
c) He comes every Friday, _________
d) You’re married, __________
e) You went to the beach last weekend, _________
f) You don’t like coffee, ___________
g) She isn’t a very good cook, ________
h) He hasn’t got any brothers or sisters, ________
i) You can’t speak German, __________
j) Nobody called me, __________
k) Something has happened, __________
l) Let’s watch a film, __________
m) Give me that box, __________
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Task 28: In each of the following tag questions there is a mistake; identify it and correct it.
a) They enjoy playing football, didn’t they?
________________________________________________________________________
b) Sarah isn’t thinking of living in New York, does she?
________________________________________________________________________
c) My cousin will go to university, won’t it?
________________________________________________________________________
d) She doesn’t study a lot, does her?
________________________________________________________________________
e) Jack bought a new car last week, don’t he?
________________________________________________________________________
f) They aren’t serious, do they?
________________________________________________________________________
g) You live in an apartment, isn’t you?
________________________________________________________________________
h) She doesn’t speak Russian, do she?
________________________________________________________________________
i) These students should shut up, shouldn’t them?
________________________________________________________________________
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j) He isn’t concentrating, does he?
________________________________________________________________________
k) They can’t come tonight, don’t they?
________________________________________________________________________
l) This music is fantastic, doesn’t it?
________________________________________________________________________
m) I don’t think I am right, do you ?
________________________________________________________________________
n) They are not funny, do they ?
________________________________________________________________________
o) We will not sit for the exam, will we ?
________________________________________________________________________
p) Let us break the stick, shall we.
________________________________________________________________________
q) He is coming today, is he ?
________________________________________________________________________
r) They have not prepared well don’t they ?
________________________________________________________________________
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s) Two at too make four, isn’t it ?
________________________________________________________________________
t) The culprit was sentenced to death, did he ?
________________________________________________________________________
u) He has been visiting us regularly, has he been ?
________________________________________________________________________
v) They had a tough time, did they ?
________________________________________________________________________
Modals • Modals are helping verbs. Used with the base form of the verb.
• Modals do not change form.
• Modals never end in “s” even in 3rd person singular
• Use “not” to make modal verbs negative.
• Don’t use double modals.
• Moals lack past tense forms, except could and would which serve as the past of can and will
Can present ability – I can ride a bike. opportunity – She can help you learn to ride a bike, when she is finished studying. permission – Can I try to ride the bike now? possibility and conditional – Anyone can learn to ride a bike, if they are not afraid to try. request – Can you teach me to ride a bike? willingness – I can teach you.
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Could past ability – I could ride a bike when I was younger.conditional – He could learn to ride a two wheeler, if his father removes the training wheels.possibility – Bill could be the best bike rider with some more practice.suggestion – Mark could ride his bike to campus, instead of driving his car.request – Could I use your bike?
May polite request or permission – May I borrow your bike? possibility – He may be able to help you assemble the bike tomorrow.
Might possibility, but not certainty – I might be able to let you borrow the bike, after I put air in the tires. conditional – This bike might be a good choice for cross country riding, if the seat is comfortable. suggestion – You might want to lower the seat, so that your legs reach the pedals.
Must strong obligation – You must return the bike, if you use it. necessity – I must ride my bike to get my exercise. Substitute must with “have to” – You have to return the bike, if you use it.
Shall formal invitation and future action. – Shall we go bike riding together tomorrow? British English
Should mild obligation, recommendation, advice – You should wear a helmet when you ride a bike. expectation – He should finish the race around noon. Substitute should with “ought to” – You ought to wear a helmet when you ride a bike.
Will future intent – I will go riding on Saturday. promise – We will definitely make time to ride together next weekend. prediction – The weatherman, however, reports that the winds will be strong. voluntary action – I will go anyway.
Would conditional – I would ride the bike at night, if it had a light. past of will – He would ride his bike before he hurt his knee.
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Use the base form of the word with the modal. Modals do not change form.
He could ride for long distances. (correct)
He could rode for long distances. (incorrect)
Modals never end in “s” even in the third person singular.
She should peddle slower. (correct)
She shoulds peddles slower. (incorrect)
Combine the base form of the verb with the modals – not with the infinitive “to.”
He should ride with traffic. (correct)
He should to ride with traffic. (incorrect)
Use “not” to make modal verbs negative.
I cannot ride a bike.
I could not ride a bike because I was afraid of falling.
To form questions:
Can I teach you how to ride a bike?
Should we ask your mother first?
Do not use double modals.
He could can fix the flat tire. [incorrect]
I will might enter the bicycle challenge marathon. [incorrect]
Task 29: Underline the correct use of modals
1. He can/ would ride his bike when his car broke down.
2. Swami should not/ may not ride down the middle of the busy road.
3. Might you/ could you repair my broken wheel?
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4. My mother always said, “You could/ought to wear a helmet to protect your head.”
5. May/ can I borrow your bike?
6. Can you/ will you go riding in the park with us on Sunday?
7. I have to/ can return the bike to the rental shop by 5 o’clock this evening.
8. Shall/ should we take a tire patch kit with us to make repairs?
CONDITIONALS (IF CLAUSES)
CONDITION + Result
First conditional Eg-If it rains, will use the umbrella
Simple present + ill/wont+verb
Uses: A possible situation in the future.
Predicting a likely result in the future(if the conditions happens)
Second conditional eg-If I met him, I would tell him.
Simple past + would+verb
Uses: Hypothetical or unlikely situations.
Unreal or impossible situation now or in future.
Third conditional eg-If he had studied well, he would have got good marks.
Past perfect + would have+v3
Uses: a person is imagining a different past
Imaginary situation that did not happen.
Fourth conditional eg-If you stand in the rain you get wet
Simple present + Simple present
Uses: Facts which are generally true or scientific facts.
The condition always has the same result
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Task 30: Match the followings
A B
1. First conditional a. Simple present + Simple present
2. Second conditional b. Past perfect + would have+v3
3. Third conditional c. Simple Past + would+verb
4. Fourth conditional d. Simple present + will/wont+verb
Task 31: Fill in the blanks with correct ‘If clause’
1. If I have camera I ____take photos
2. If I had camera I _____ take photos
3. If I had saved money I __ ____bought camera
Task 32:
1. Read the conversation and choose the correct If clause to complete it.
Hema : I wanted to buy a finger ring for my mother on her birthday.
Lata : Ok. Then why have you not bought yet?
Hema : I don’t have enough money now, If I had saved money I __ ____it for sure.
a) would have bought b) had bought
c) have had bought d) will have bought
2. Doctor : Why didn’t you come yesterday?
Patient : Sorry sir, I had no money.
Doctor : If you had told me earlier I______not charged anything
a) would have b) will have
c) shall have d) may have
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3. Ramesh : Why can’t you come with me?
Ravi : No. I have some urgent work now
Ramesh : May I know the correct reason Ravi?
Ravi : I don’t have vehicle to take my dad to the hospital.
Ramesh : Is it ? If you had told me earlier I ________ a vehicle.
a) will arrange b) would have arranged
c) would arrange d) shall arrange
4. Neighbour : Hi Ranjith, Did you get a seat in the college you desired?
Ranjith : No uncle, my application was rejected due to my low scores
Neighbour : I am sorry to hear this. If you worked harder, you _______got a seat in the college,
a) will have b) shall have
c) would have d) should have
Task 33: Decode the following sms into sentences.
Sl. No. SMS Decoding into sentences
1 I hv an exam 2moro
2 Do d hmwk
3 R u ok?
4 Bye tek cr
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5 I’m cmg 2de.
6. Plz cum wit mi
7 Wat r u dng?
8. Hw did u c that?
9. Wer r u gng?
10. Gud mng.
11. I wil c u at nite.
12. Cm 2 my hm 2de
13. Hw r u?
14. y r u sad?
15. V 1 d match.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
1.
A B
A is bigger than B
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2
A B
A is not brighter than B
3.
X Y
Y is longer than X
4.
P Q
Q is not lighter than P
Task 34: Look at the pictures and write sentences using given comparatives based on what you see
1. is not bigger than
A B
Ans. ______________________________________________________________________
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2. heavier than
A B
Ans. ______________________________________________________________________
3. is not cooler than
The Moon The Sun
Ans. ______________________________________________________________________
4.
A Shorter than
B
Ans. ______________________________________________________________________
Task 35: Change the following simple sentences into compound sentences
1. Being ill, he could not go out.
________________________________________________________________________
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2. Seeing the snake, he ran away.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Inspite of his old age, the old man helped the blind man cross the road.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Finding himself helpless, he took the help of his friends.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Having finished his work, he went to school.
________________________________________________________________________
Task 36: Convert the following compound sentences into simple sentences
1. He worked hard and became rich.
________________________________________________________________________
2. My friend invited me to his house but I did not go.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Santosh read the lesson and could answer all the questions.
________________________________________________________________________
4. He was so poor and he did not help the beggar.
________________________________________________________________________
5. They found beautiful house and lived in it happily.
________________________________________________________________________
6. Renuka came here and saw me.
________________________________________________________________________
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7. I saw Rama and he was flying kite.
________________________________________________________________________
8. Swami waited for the bus, but it was late.
________________________________________________________________________
Task 37: Convert the following simple sentences into complex sentences
1. Raju worked hard to pass the exam.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Sitting under the tree, he wrote the poem.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Locking the door, she went out.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Hearing his friend’s cry, he went to help him.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Being ill, he was unable to go to school.
________________________________________________________________________
6. I saw Akbar flying a kite.
________________________________________________________________________
7. After finishing the lunch, the students went to the ground.
________________________________________________________________________
8. After hearing the bell, the children ran away.
________________________________________________________________________
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Micro-Test - 6
I. Change the following into passive voice.
1. Spectators enjoyed the match.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Close the door.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Please help me to cross the road.
________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the following sentences by adding a tag question
1. You never talked to John, _____________
2. Everybody will come to the party, _____________
3. There are three people waiting for you, _____________
4. I’m too worried, _____________
III. Complete the following questions with (Who, Whom, How often, What)
1. _____________ is your class teacher?
2. _____________ are you watching? An old TV show.
3. _____________ you visit your grandparents?
4. _____________do you like to help?
IV. Change the following into indirect speech.
a. Father said to Swami, “Can you prove that you have courage?”
________________________________________________________________________
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b. Swami said to father, “Yes father, from the first of the next month.”
________________________________________________________________________
c. Don Anselmo said, “Don’t insult me with this offer.”
________________________________________________________________________
d. Smita said to Akila, “How is your mother?”
________________________________________________________________________
V. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.
1. Ali waited at the bus stop _____________ the bus arrived.
2. My teacher _____________ drinks tea _____________ drinks coffee.
VI. Decode the following sms went in full sentences.
1. Try it jst 1s again.
2. I n my friends r ready 2 hav T.
3. r u drinking t ?
4. I ‘ll cum 2 school 2 days ltr.
5. thnx a lot 4 ur hlp
Student’s Self Evaluation
Sl.No. Learning Indicators 1 I can change direct into indirect speech.
2 I can change active into passive voice.
3 I can frame questions on my own.
4 I can make use of proper conjunctions.
5 I can decode the sms symbols.
