Subject Index

abdomen 101,214 abdominal circumference 143, 155

-, growth 467 - perimeter 179, 182 - wall-defects 214 - - hematoma 390 - - malformations, anterior 272 abnormalities, first trimester 53 -, chromosome 54, 190, 191,216,

301 -, -, fetal 315 abortion 15 -, incomplete 54 -, missed 54 - risks 83 -, threatened 53, 54, 55 -, tubal 62 abortus imminens 53 abruptio placentae, partial 329 abscess, tuboovarian 387 acardius 197 - acephalus 303 accuracy of measurement 142 acephalus 74, 192 achondrogenesis type I 241, 242,

275 - type II 241, 243 acoustic enhancement, back-wall

410,411 - impedance 1, 3 - - mismatch 3 - properties of biological media 2 - shadowing 411,412,421 - windows 43 acrania 197 activity, fetal, abnormal 192 adenocarcinoma 416 adnexal cyst 61 - masses 62 adnexitis 386 adrenal gland 104, 107, 181, 187 AFP s. alpha-fetoprotein age from binocular distance 466 - - BPD 462 - - CRL 462 - - femur length 476 - - HC 464 - - humerus length 473 agenesis, renal (Potter's syn­

drome) 226 AlUM (American Institute of

Ultrasound) 21 - statement 24

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 81, 197, 198

- assay 300 amniocentesis 81,82 -, color 84 -, complications 84 -, reasons 84 -, transabdominal 282 -, transplacental 282 amnion, separation 336 amniotic band syndrome 197 - border 40 - cavity 36 - fluid 81, 282

-, elevation 277, 278 - - volume 103, 105, 106, 108,

224, 352 - sac 36,46

-, artificially filling 228 A-mode 44 amplitude 6 anal atresia 219, 220 analysis, chromosomal 310 -, -, pipette method, rapid 313 anatomy, brain 95 -, breast 408 -, fetal 87 -, sectional 89 -, ultrasound 351 anemia 190 anencephalic fetus 196 anencephaly 191, 195, 196, 197 anesthesia, local 81 anhydramnios 190 anomalies, chromosome 18 -, Ebstein's 262 -, genitourinary 324 -, skeletal 15,237 -, structural 191 -, urogenital 190 -, urogenital tract, associated

syndromes 236 anophthalmia 92 anterior horns 94, 96 antiarrhythmic drugs 264 aorta 100 aortic arch 103 - bifurcation 104 AP-diameter 128 aplasia, lungs 222 -, -, radial 239 aqueduct 96 arhinencephaly 321, 323

arm volume, growth 475 arrhinia 92 arrhythmias 190 arteries, great, transposition

259 artery, carotid 100, 104 A-scan 113,121 ascites 192,283,397,399 -, fetal 191,304 -, urinary 191 asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia

(Jeune's syndrome) 241,249 aspiration 306 assays, hormonal 55 -, AFP 300 asymmetric growth retardation

151 asymmetric retardation 139 asymmetrical hyperechoic area

37 - ring 38 atresia, anal 219, 220 -,duodenal 272,219 -, esophageal 223 -, gastrointestinal tract 278 -, proximal bowel 219 -, tricuspidal 266 attenuation 3 A V -block 192 A V -canal 262, 264 - - complete 266 avillous spaces 336 axillary structures 418

basal ganglia 115 - plate (pIacente) 325, 335 bicornuate uterus 66, 67, 383,

384 bilateral cystic kidneys (Potter

type II) 226 - dysplastic kidneys (Potter

type III) 234 biliru bin 282 binocular distance 171, 173, 177 biologic effects of ultrasound 13,

14,21 biometrics, synopsis 430 biometry 48, 112, 113, 161 -, kidney 180 -, spleen 181 biopsy 413 -, chorion 83, 84 - transducers 81

484

biparietal diameter 51, 96, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121, 123, 143, 147, 155, 168, 169, 173, 175, 176, 213

- - measurement 122 - - percentile growth curves 432 back-wall acoustic enhancement

410,411 bladder 90 - dynamics 105 -, fetal 105, 108 -,overdistended 41 - wall hypertrophy 231 blighted ovum 41, 47, 54 - twins 72 blood flow measurements 366 - vessels 361, 366 - -, ovarian, Doppler shift 376 body movements 44, 353, 354 - shape, abnormal 191 bone thickness, parietal 120 bowel loops 101, 399 - obstruction 272 - perforation 303 BPD s. biparietal diameter brachycephaly 316 brain 94 - anatomy 95 - stem 96 - -to-body weight ratio 135 - weight 148 breast anatomy 408 - cyst 410, 423 - disease 407 breathing, fetal 99 -, movements 354, 355 breech presentation 142 B-scan 44

CI (cephalic index) 169 calcaneus 111 camptomelic dysplasia 241, 248 cancer, uterine 394 carcinoma 415, 416, 417, 424 -, cervical 395, 397 -, endometrial 396 -, medullary 417 -, mucinous 417 -, ovarian 393, 395, 399 -, scirrhous 411 - simplex 424 cardiac decompensation 192

defects 190 - diameter 178 - dimensions 179 - displacement 221 - failure, fetal 297 - malformations 257, 273 - volume 78 - -, growth 469 cardiomegaly 283 cardiovascular decompensation

190 - diseases 256, 259 carotid artery 100, 104

cavitation 14, 15, 16 cavum septi pellucidi 96,96, 115,

176 scirrhous carcinoma 411 central nervous system, malforma-

tion 271 cephalocentesis 207 cephalometry 113, 119 cerebellum 96, 98, 115 cerebral cortex 115 - hemispheres 96 - hemorrhage 210 - mantle 94 cervical canal, dilated 345 - carcinoma 395, 397 - cerclage 345 - length 345 cervix 343 -, shortened 344 chemical effects of ultrasound 14 chest circumference 124 - wall 408

- with pectoralis muscle 407 choledochal cyst 219 chondroecdermal dysplasia 275 chondrodystrophia punctata 275 - ossificans 249 chorioangiomas 340 choriocarcinoma 58 chorion 36, 37 - biopsy 83, 84 - frondosum 325 - laeve 36 - plate 325 chorionic cavity 38 - cysts 335 choroid plexus 94,95,98,115,116 - -, papilloma 210 chromosomal analysis 310 - -, rapid 313 chromosome aberrations 16, 17,

20 - abnormalities 54, 190, 191,

216, 301 - -, fetal 315 - anomalies 18 - breaks 16 circumference 128 -, abdominal 143, 155 -, chest 124 cisterna ambiens 96 claviculae 99 - length, growth 478 cleft lip 315, 318, 319 clinical safety 24 cloacal malformation 220, 228 clomiphene citrate therapy,

monitoring 372 cloverleaf skull syndrome 207 club foot 112, 200 coefficient of correlation 165 COFS-syndrome (cerebro-oculo-

facio-skeletal-syndrome) 320 colon 106 -, descending 103

Subject Index

compound scan 121 compound scanning 8 comutagenicity 20 conceptional age 35 congenital anomalies, incidence

189 - heart defect 314 - hypophosphatasia 241, 249

nephrosis, finnish type 279 conjoined twins 74 contact coupling 9 contraceptive devices 403 cor biloculare 268 cord insertion 331 cornual pregnancy 62, 63 corpus carcinoma 394 - luteum 365, 367, 368 - - cysts 61, 64, 366 correlation, coefficients 165 cranial parameters 175, 176 craniosynostrosis 213 CRL s. crown-rump-length crown-rump-length (CRL) 49,

167, 173, 175 -, measurement 46, 47, 50, 51 -, normal ranges 438 -, percentile growth curve 437 Cul-de-sac 61, 62 cumulus 366 - oophorus 365 curve fitting 163 cutaneous signs 418 - vein 409 cyclops 92, 321, 322, 323 cyclus, menstrual 361 cyst 424 cystadenomas, ovarian 65, 65 cystic adenomatoid dysplasia,

lungs 254 - - malformations, lung 256 - corpora lutea 368

hygroma 74, 193,295,297, 298,302

- kidneys (Potter type I) 229 - - (Potter type II) 231, 273 - - (Potter type III) 232 - placental tumor 330 cystosarcoma phylloides 413,

415 cysts 410 -, adnexal 61 -, breast 410, 423 - chorionic 335 -, coledochal 219 -, corpus luteum 61, 64 -, dermoid 65, 65 -, Gartner's duct 390, 390 -, lutein 58 -, mesenteric 219 -, ovarian 219 -, subarachnoid 211

Dandy-Walker syndrome 205, 208, 209, 272, 273

decibel notation 3

Subject Index

decidua (chorion) 36 - capsularis 36 - parietalis 36 decidual reaction 60 - sac 64 decompensation, cardiac 192 -, cardiovascular 190 defects, abdominal wall 214 -, cardiac 190 -, heart 256 -, -, congenital 314 -, luteal phase 380 -, neural tube 15,81, 112, 144,

150, 195,271 dermoids 387, 388 dermoid cysts 65, 65, 387 diabetes 152 - mellitus 276 -, fetal malformations 352 diagnosis, management, Rh-

incompatibility 281 -, treatment (NIHF) 295 diagnostic ultrasound 15 - -, safety 13 diameter, AP 128 -, cardiac 178 -, heart, longitudinal 179 -, heart transverse 179 -, mean, dominant follicle 446 -, ocular 177 -, sac 41 diaphragm 90,99 diaphragmatic hernia 222 -, malformation 220 differential diagnosis of hydrops

fetalis 299 dilatation, ventricular 205 -, unilateral venticular 210 dimensions, cardiac 179 disease, breast 407 diseases, associated with NIHF

283 -, cardiovascular 256, 259 -, heart 259 -, infectious 276 -, myocardial 259 distal condyle 131 distance, binocular 171,173,177 - interocular 177 dolichocephaly 123 dolichocephalic head 123, 147,

169 Doppler, pulsed 11 - -shift, ovarian blood vessels 376 double bubble 219 -, sac 60 - uterus 383, 384 Down's syndrome 314 drugs 275 -, antiarrhythmic 264 Duchenne-type muscular dystro-

phy 81 duct Ectasia 408, 410 - papilloma 410 ductus venosus 126

duodenal atresia 219, 272 duplication of intestine 221 dwarfism -, thanatophoric 207, 241, 244,

245 - micromelic 245 dynamics, bladder 105 dysplasia, asphyxiating thoratic

241,249 -, carnptomelic 241,248 -, chondroecdermal 275 -, cystic adenomatoid, lungs 254 dysphragia 195 dysrhythmias 257,259, 301, 302

Ebstein's anomaly 262 echocardiography, fetal, indica-

tions 262 echography, grey-scale 2, 6 ectopic gestation 37 - pregnancy 36, 40, 54, 59, 60,

363 edema, skin 283 effusion, pericardial 260, 283,

302 -, pleural 283 elective termination 81 electronic caliper systems 118 electrophoresis, Hb 300 elevation, serum AFP 277 -, amniotic fluid (AFP) 277, 278 Ellis-van Crefeld syndrome 275 embryo 42, 43 embryocide 73 embryofetal structures 48 embryology 35 embryonic structures 42 encephalocele 203, 204 endocardial fibroelastosis 263,

266 endocrinology, ultrasound 369 endometrioma 388 endometriosis 387, 388 endometrium 361 -, patterns 361 endometrial changes 361 - carcinoma 396 - patterns 363 - thickness 362 enhancement 4 enzymes, erythrozyte 301 esophageal atresia 223 etiology and pathogenesis

(NIHF) 283 evaluation of patients at risk

267 eventration 215, 217 examination procedure 87 exencephaly 204 extremities 51, 108 -, fetal, measurement 130 -, movement 353 eye movement 93 eyes 93

F-test 165 face 91, 92 facial clefts 15, 92, 94 - profile 90 fallopian tube 386 falx cerebri 98, 115 female fetus 110 femur 111,112,130,171,182,

187

485

- length 131, 132, 169, 170, 173, 213 -, age 476

-, percentile growth curve 436 fertilization age 35 fetal activity 353 - - abnormal 192 - - in complicated pregnancy 354 -, - maternal observations 354 - -, patterns 355 - anatomy 87 - ascites 191,304 - bladder 105 - cardiac failure 297 - chromosome abnormality 315 - echocardiography, indications

262 - extremities, measurement 130 - growth 124 - - retardation 138 - heart activity 43 - - motion 44 - - rate (FHR) 43 - kidneys 104 - life 44 - loss, risk 82 - lung, hamartoma 256 - malformations 189 - - suggestive of the presence

350 - -, diagnosis 352 - movement 192 - skull 118 - swallowing 106 - tachycardia 305 - vessels, premature closure 190,

257 - viability 44 - weight 124, 153, 184, 187,334,

461 - -, nomogram 447 - - zones 479 - - estimation 125 - - -, growth 479 fetofetal syndrome 74 - transfusion 303 fetomaternal transfusion syn-

drome 190 fetus papyraceus 73, 74 fibroadenomas 411, 413, 414,

415, 423, 424 -, calcified 417 fibroelastosis, endocardial 263,

266 fibroids 65, 66, 383, 384 -, intramural 385

486

fibula 110, 182, 187 - length, growth 477 fingers 110 fluid-track 365, 367 follicle, measuring 364 -, ultrasound guided needle aspi-

ration 373 -, Naboth's 390 -, preovulatory 364, 367 -, -, size 365 follicles 361, 367 -, ovarian 364 follicular aspiration 379 - diameter 370, 373 - - mean 372 - growth 363 foramen ovale 100, 300 - -, premature closure 302 four-chamber view 99, 102, 103 frame rate 7 freehand technique 83 frontal horns 115 - section 88 fundus-IUCD distance 404

gallbladder 102, 105, 106 gallstones 68 Gartner's duct cyst 390 gastrointestical tract 214 - - malformations 272 - - atresia 278 gastroschisis 214, 215, 217, 218,

278 genetic amniocentesis 81 - diagnosis, prenatal 81 - karyotype 81 genital hypoplasia 109 genital tract, pathology 383 genitalia 107 -, male 107 -, female 108 genitourinary anomalies 324 geometry of reflecting interfaces

5 gestation, ectopic 37 -, twin 82, 152 gestational age 41, 50, 51, 109,

139, 156, 167, 352 - - estimation from CRL, nor-

mal ranges 439 - - - from BPD 440 - sac 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 54 glandular tissue (breast) 407, 408 Gn RH, pulsatile 371 -, -, treatment 370 gonadotropin therapy, monitor-

ing 369 grannum scheme 337 greater omentum 398 grey scale 7 - - echography 2, 6 - - range 6 GR (growth rate) 50, 121, 122 growth, abdominal circumference

467

-, arm volume 475 -, binocular distance 466 -, BPD 463 -, cardiac volume 469 -, clavicle length 478 - curves 143, 144 - -, percentile 432ff. - dynamics 50 -, estimated fetal weight 479 -, fetal 124 -, fibula length 477 -, follicular 363 -, HC 464 -, humerus length 474 -, kidney length 470 -, - thickness 471 -, - volume 471 -, - width 470 - monitoring 352, 353 -, ocular diameter 467 -,OFD 463 -, placental 332 -, radius length 474 - rate 50, 121, 122 - retardation 125, 135, 140, 149,

190, 314, 320 -, asymmetric 150

- -, fetal type 138 - -, form 136 - -, intrauterine 132, 135 - -, type 1 138, 150 - -, type 2 138 -, sagittal cardiac diameter

469 -, splenic circumference 472 -, - length 472 -, - volume 473 -, transverse cardiac diameter

468 gynecomastia 420, 423 gyri 98

hamartoma, fetal lung 256 hand 111 -, trisomy 21 314 Hb electrophoresis 300 HC s. head circumference head circumference (He) 114,

123, 147, 213 - -, calculation 442

-, measurement 145 -, dolichocephalic 147 -, perimeter 171,174,176 - -to-abdomen circumference

ratio 468 - -to-trunk ratio 146, 147, 150 - -, percentile growth curves

434 heart 99 - activity, fetal 43 - defects 256 - -, congenital 314 - diameter, longitudinal 179 - -, transverse 181

Subject Index

- disease 259 - motion, fetal 44 - rate, fetal 43 - volume 180 head, univentricular 263 heat production 13 hemangiomas 340,341 hematocolpos 389, hematoma 336 -, abdominal wall 390 -, intraabdominal 390, 391 -, retroplacental 327 hemispheric ratio 178 - width 176 hemophilia 81 hemorrhage, cerebral 210 hepatic veins 102, 105 hepatomegaly 283, 285 hexadactyly 323 hiccoughs 354 high-risk group 1 271 honey comb 38 hormonal assays 55 - -, monitoring 370 horns, anterior 94, 96 -, frontal 115 -, occipital 115 -, posterior 96 humeral length 110 humerus 110,130,170,183,187 - length 173 - -, age from 473 - -, growth 474 hydatidiform mole 54, 57, 58, 65 hydramnios 245 hydranencephaly 209 hydrocele 108, 109 hydrocephalus 144, 150, 152,

200, 205, 272 hydronephrosis 68, 231, 391 -, trisomy 21 323 hydropic fetus 296 hydrops 289, 323 - fetalis 283, 285, 301 - -, differential diagnosis 299 - -, nonimmunological 222, 259,

293 -, treatment 306

hydrosalpinx 386 hydrothorax 300, 301 hydroureter 68 hygroma, cystic 74, 193, 297,

298, 302 hyperechoic area, asymmetrical

37 - placenta 193 hyperstimulation 372 hypertrophy, bladder wall 231 hyperthermia 15 hypophosphatasia, congenital

241, 249 hypoplasia, genital 109 -, pulmonary 221, 227 hypoplastic left heart syndrome

260

Subject Index

ISATA 13 IsATP 13 ISPTA 13 I sPTP 13 ICT 292 iliac wings 100 ilium 99 image, quality 7 impedance, acoustic 1, 3 impedance mismatch, acoustic 3 implantation, placental 66 implants 419, 422 incidence, major congenital anom-

alies 189 -, Potter's syndrome 227 incomplete abortion 54 index, cephalic 169 indications for fetal echocardio­

graphy 262 infantile polycystic kidneys (Potter

type I) 229, 233 infections diseases 276 inferior vena cava 103 insertio velamentose 330 insertion of umbilical cord 330,

331 insula 96, 115, 176 interface, geometry of reflecting

5 interocular distance i77, 465 - -, age from 466 - -, growth 466 intestine, duplication 221 -, perforation 221 intraamniotic band 326, 336 intracranial teratoma 251 intracystic papillomas 410,411 intrafollicular structures 365 intrauterine growth retardation

132 - - -, incidence 135 - - -, symmetric 138 - - -, type 1 150 - pregnancy 59 - transfusion of red cells 306 in vitro fertilization 372 IPT (intra peritoneal transfusion)

286,287 IUCD, displacement 403 -, intrauterine pregnancy 405 -, perforating 403 -, position 403 Ivemark's syndrome 273 IVT (intra venous transfusion)

291 jaw, upper 94 jet phenomenon 108, 109 Jeune's syndrome (asphyxiating

thoracic dysphasia) 322

karyotype 305 kidney 90, 103, 107, 108, 180,

183 -, bilateral dysplastic 234 -, - cystic 226

-, biometry 180 -, cystic (Potter I) 229 -, cystic (Potter II) 231, 237 -, cystic (Potter III) 232 -, fetal 104 -, infantile polycystic 229, 233,

278 -, length, growth 470 - perimeter 187 -, pregnancy 68, 101 -, thickness, growth 471 -, volume, growth 471 - width, growth 470

labia majora 110 lactiferous duct 407, 409 - sinus 407, 409 laparoscopy 64 length, cervical 345 - CRL 167 -, femur 169, 170, 173, 213 -, humerus 172, 173 -, renal 179, 183 -, tibia 172 -, ulna 172 lesions, thermal 16 -, tissue 14 LH peak 373 liley chart 290 limb malformations 132 linear array scanner 9 liver 90, 99, 101 - metastases 400 lobster claw 239 local anesthesia 81 lochial retention 347, long bones 109, 187 loops of bowel 101,399 low-lying anterior placenta 327 LUF (luteinized unruptured folli-

cle) syndrome 363, 365 lumbar spine 99, 100 lungs 99, 101 -, aplasia 222 -, cystic adenomatoid dysplasia

254 -, - - malformations 256 -, hamartoma, fetal 256 luteal phase defects 380 lutein cysts 58 lymph node metastases 418, 419

macrocephaly 150 macroporencephaly 210 macrosomia 152 macrosomic phenotype 148 malformations 15, 138, 214 -, abdominal wall, anterior 272 -, cardiac 257, 273 -, central nervous system 271 -, cloacal 220, 228 -, cystic adenomatoid, lung 256 -, diaphragmatic 220 -, fetal 189 -, gastrointestinal tract 272

487

-, limb 132 -, multiple 81 -, skeletal 273, 274 -, urogenital tract 223, 272 malproportions 315 malrotation 219 mammography, x-ray 413, 416 manipulation, vaginal 53 manual contact scanner 9 marginal abruption of placenta

329 mastitis 419, 422 mastopathies 419, 420 measurement, accuracy 142 -, blood flow 366 -, BPD 122 -, CRL 46, 47, 50, 51 -, fetal extremities 130 -, follicle 364 -, HC 145 -, trunk 124 measuring technique, CRL 50 mechanical sector scanner 10 Meckel-Gruber syndrome 205,

213, 273, 278 meconium ileus 219,220 megacolon 220 megacystis 232 meningocele 199 meningomyeloceles 195, 199 menstrual age 35 ~ cycle 361 mesenteric cyst 219 metastasis, liver 400 -, lymph node 418, 419 metatarsal 111 micro-calcifications 416 microcephaly 142, 143, 150, 191,

196, 202, 213 microcephalic fetus 145 microcolon 219 microencephaly 213 micrognathia 315 micromelic dwarfism 245 microstreaming 13, 14 missed abortion 54 mitochondria 14 molar pregnancies 58 mole -, hydatidiform 54, 57, 58, 65 -, partial 340 monitoring, clomiphene citrate

therapy 372 -, gonadotropin therapy 369 -,hormonal 370 Montgomery's gland 409 mortality, perinatal 76 movement, body 44, 353, 354 -, breathing 354, 355 -, extremity 353 -, fetal 192 -, isolated 354 -, patterns 353 mucoviscidosis 302, 303, 304 multi element transducer 9

488

multicystic renal dysplasia 231 multiparametric weight estima-

tion 448 multiple malformations 81 - pregnancy 71,73 multistage approach 189 - concept 349 - -, stage I-III 350 mutagenicity 15, 16 myocardial disease 259

Naboth's follicle 390 nephrosis, congenital, finnish

type 279 neural tube 98, 100, 101 - - defects 15, 81, 112, 144, 150,

195, 271 NIHF s. nonimmunological hyd­

rops fetalis nipple 407, 408 nomogram, fetal weight from

BPD, TTD 447 nonimmunological hydrops fetalis

(NIH F) 229, 259, 293 - - -, associated diseases 293 Noonan syndrome 193, 275 normal values (biometry) 161 - structures 407

obstructive uropathy 230 obstruction, bowel 272 -, urethral 235, 273, 391 occipital horns 115 occipito-frontal-diameter (OFD)

95,96,114,115,117,119,123, 147, 169, 176, 213

-, percentile growth curves 433 ocular diameter 177 - -, growth 467 OFD s. occipito-frontal-diameter oligohydramnios 190,315 omphalocele 192, 195, 214, 215,

216,278 oncology, ultrasound 392 orbit 93 os sacrum 99 ossification 48 - centers 47, 50, 52, 98, 99, 132,

133 osteogenesis imperfect a 241, 245,

275 - - (Vrolik type) 246 ovarian carcinoma 393, 395, 399 ovarian cyst 219, 287 - cystadenomas 65, 387, 388 - follicles 364 - pregnancy 62 ovary, stimulated 369 ovulation induction 65, 369 ovulations, multiple 369

papilloma, choroid plexus 210 papillomas, intracystic 410, 411 paraomphalocele 214 parietal bone thickness 120

partial abruptio placentae 329 - moles 340 pathogenesis (NIHF) 294 -, etiology (NIHF) 293 pathogenetic principle 281 pathology, genital tract 383 pathologic structures 408 penis 108, 109 perforation, intestine 221 pericardial effusion 260, 283, 302 perimeter, abdominal 179, 182 -, head 171,174,176 -, kidney 187 perinatal mortality 76 peripheral zones 335 phenotype 309 - macrosomic 148 phocomelia 238 physics 1 pipette method, rapid chromo-

some analysis 313 placenta 325 -, hyperechoic 193 -, localisation 326 -, low-lying anterior 327 -, marginal abruption 329 - previa 327, 329 -, separation 329 - structures 335 - -, abnormal 320 - vacuolated 315 placental appearance, triploidy

194 - attachment area 332 - development 325 - grading 337 - growth 332 - implantation 66 - migration 330 - polyps 347 - score 337 - structure, abnormal 320 - substance 336 - tissue, retained 347 - thickness 332 - tumor 340 - -, cystic 330 - volume 332, 334 plasma estradiol levels, mean 372 pleural effusion 283 pneumocystography 410 polycystic kidneys 278 - infantile 229, 233, 278 polyhydramnios 190, 191, 195,

219, 284 polyps, placental 347 porencephaly 212 portal sinus 101 - vein 106 Portex catheter 83 posterior cranial fossa 96 - horns 96 postpartum ultrasound 347 postprocessing 393, 394 Potter facies 227

Subject Index

Potter type I 225, 233 - type II 226 - type IIA 231 - type lIB 231 - type III 234 Potter's syndrome 225, 226, 278 - -, incidence 227 pregnancy, normal 62, 63 - ectopic 36, 40, 54, 59, 60. 363 - intrauterine 59 - - with IUCD 405 -, molar 58 -, mUltiple 71, 73 -, ovarian 62 premature closure, blood vessels

259 - -, fetal vessels 190, 257 - -, foramen ovale 302 prenatal genetic diagnosis 81 preovulatory period 362 prevesical uretral obstruction 233 proliferative phase, late 362 proximal bowel atresia 219 prune-belly-syndrome 190, 191,

229, 273 pseudoachondroplasia 275 pseudocavitation 13, 14 pseudogestational sac 36, 37, 61 psychological impact of ultra-

sound scanning 356 pulmonary hypoplasia 221, 227 - tumors 256 pyelonephritis 68

quality, image 7 quintuplets 71

rachischisis 199 radial aplasia 239 radioulnar complex 110 radius 111,170,183,187 - length, growth 474 rapid eye movement (REM) 94 rare-syndromes 309 real-time 7 - - scans 420 red cells, intrauterine transfusion

306 reference plane 125 - point, TTD 128 reflection 1 - coefficient 3 refraction 1 regression analysis, linear 164 - -, polynominal 165 REM (rapid eye movements) 94 renal agenesis 226 - calculi 69 - development 223, 224 - displasia, multicystic 231 - length 179,183 - pelvis 105 resolution, lateral 4 retained placental tissue 347 retroflexed uterus 53, 54

Subject Index

retroplacental hematoma 327 retroverted uterus 43 Rh incompatibility 190, 281 - -, management 292 - prophylaxis 82 ribs 98,99 ring-like structure 60 - sign 362 - -, periovulatory 363 risk, abortion 83 -, evaluation of patients (risk of

fetal anomalies) 267 -, fetal loss 82 rubella 276

sac diameter 41 sacrococcygeal teratoma 253 safe levels 21 safety of dignostic ultrasound 13 -, clinical 24 sagittal section 88 salami-effect 128, 129 scan, compound 121 -, simple 8 scanner, linear array 9 -, manual contact 9 -, mechanical sector 10 -, water-path 10 scanning, compound 8 scapula 110 SCE (sister chromatid ex-

changes) 18, 19 - increase 20 screening, flowcharts 350 - guidelines 349 -, ultrasound 349 scrotum 109 section, frontal 88 -, sagittal 88 -, transverse 88 sectional anatomy 89 separation, amnion 336 -, placenta 329 septum primum 100,257 serum, elevation 277 sex identification 107 SGA (small for gestational age)

135 - syndrome 138 shadowing 417 -, acoustic 411, 412, 421 -, central 411 -, lateral 410, 411 short axis 100 short-cord syndrome 139 shortened cervix 344 signet-ring sign (umbilical cord)

194 single ventricle 262 sirenomelia 227, 228 sister chromatid exchanges

(SCE) 18, 19 - - -, increase 20 skeletal anomalies 15 - malformations 237, 274

skin 407, 408 - edema 283 skull, fetal 118 Snellius's law 2 spermatogenesis 21 spina bifida 144, 195, 199, 200,

201 - - cystica 199 - - occulta 199 spinal cord 98, 101 spine 98 spleen 180, 187 -, biometry 181 splenic circumference, growth 472 - length, growth 472 - volume, growth 473 splenomegaly 283, 284 standard planes 88 Stein-Leventhal syndrome 368 stenosis, unilateral at uteropelvic

junction 234 stimulated ovary 369 stomach 90, 103, 106 stress incontinence 391 structural anomalies 191 structures, axillary 418 -, embryo fetal 48 -, embryonic 42 -, intrafollicular 365 -, normal 407 -, pathologic 408 -, placental 335 -, placental, abnormal 320 - ring-like 60 subarachnoid cyst 211 subcutaneous fat 407, 408 - vein 407 substance, placental 336 swallowing 354 -, fetal 106 syndrome, amniotic band 97 -, cloverleaf skull 207 -, COFS 320 -, Dandy Walker 205, 208, 209,

272,273 -, Down's 314 -, Ellis-van-Crefeld 275 -, fetofetal transfusion 74 -, fetomaternal transfusion 190 -, hypoplastic left heart 260 -,Ivemark's 273 -, Jeune's 322 (asphyxiating

thoracic dysplasia) -, Meckel-Gruber 205, 213, 273,

278 -, Potter's 225,226, 231, 232,

278 -, prune-belly 190, 191, 229, 273 -, rare 309 -, Saldino Noonan 193, 275 -, SGA 138 -, short cord 139 -, Stein-Leventhal 368 -, Turner's 299,301, 302, 393 -, VACTERL 240,241

Tachyarrhythmia 261 tachycardia, fetal 305 technique, freehand 83 teratomas 252, 340 -, intracranial 251 -, sacrococcygeal 253 teratogenic agents 275 teratogenicity 15 testis 20 tetralogy of Fallot 259, 262

489

TGC (time gain compensation) 4 thalamus 96,115,168,176 thanatophoric dwarfs 207,241,

244,245 therapeutic ultrasound 15 thermal lesions 16 thickness, placental 332 third ventricle 96, 115 thoracic dysplasia, asphyxiating

241,249 - vertebra 99 thoracopagus 74, 79 thorax 99 threatened abortion 53, 54, 55 tibia 110,111,170,182,187 - length, growth 477 time gain compensation (TGC) 4 - motion 44 timing, postcoital test 380 tissue, glandular 407 - lesion 14 -, retained placental 347 -, trophoblastic 58 toe 111 TORCH (toxoplasmosis, other in­

fe.ctious microrganisms, herpes simplex) 300

transabdominal amniocentesis 282 transducer beam pattern 4 -, biopsy 81 -, long focus 4, 5 -, medium focus 4, 5 -, multi element 9 transfusion, fetofetal 303 -, fetomaternal syndrome 190 -, intrauterine, red cells 306 -, twin-to-twin 73 -, volume 287 transplacental aspirations 82 - amniocentesis 282 transposition, great arteries 259 transverse section 88 treatment, hydrops (NIHF) 306 trehalase activity 230 tricuspid atresia 266 trimester, first, abnormalities 53 triplets 72 triploidy 145, 149, 194, 228, 301,

315, 320 trisomy 13 213, 315 trisomy 18 108, 109, 213, 301,

315, 316, 319 trisomy 21 81, 145,220,301, 314 - hydronephrosis 323 -, hand 314

490

trochanter 131 trophoblastic tissue 58 truncus arteriosus 259 trunk measurement 124 TTD-reference point 128, 155 -, percentile growth curve 435 -, fetal weight 461 tubal abortions 62 - ruptures 62 tuboovarian abscess 387 tumors 64, 250 -, cardiac 250 -, placental 340 -, -, cystic 330 - pulmonary 256 Turners's syndrome 299,301,

302, 393 twin gestations 82, 152 - -to-twin transfusion 73 twins, conjoined 74

ulna 111, 170, 183, 187 - length, growth 475 ultrasound anatomy 351 -, biological effects 13 -, diagnostic 15 -, flowcharts 350 -, guided needle aspiration of fol-

licles 373 - in endocrinology 369 - in oncology 392 -, post postum 347 - scanning, psychological impact

356 - screening 49 -, therapeutic 15 - velocity 7 umbilical artery 331 - cord 52, 194 - insertion 330 - vein 90, 101, 103, 105, 106,

125, 126, 127, 331 - -, distended 284

unilateral stenosis at ureteropelvic junction 235

- ventricular dilatation 210 univentricular heart 263 upper jaw 94 urethral valves 231 ureter 105 -, obstructed 398 ureterocele 391 ureteropelvic junction, unilateral

stenosis 234 urethral obstruction 235, 273,

391 - -, prevesical 233 - valves 231 urethrovesical junction 391 urinary ascites 191 - bladder 90 - infection 68 - obstruction 232 - tract 68 urination 107 urinoma 235 urogenital anomaly 190 - -, associated syndromes 236 - malformation 272 - tract 103, 223 uropathy, destructive 230 uterine cancer 394 uterus, bicornuate 66, 67, 383,

384 -, double 383, 384 -, fibroid 385 -, retroflexed 53, 54 -, retroverted 43

V. cava 100 - - inferior 103 VACTERL syndrome 240, 241 vacuolated placenta 315 vaginal manipulation 53 vein, cutaneous 409 -, distended 398

Subject Index

-, subcutaneous 407 -, umbilical 90, 101, 103, 105,

106, 125, 126, 127,331 velocity 120 -, calibration 120 -, sound 120 -, ultrasound 7 ventricle 94 -, lateral 94, 96, 98, 115, 176,

178 -, single 262 -, third 96, 115 - -to hemispheric width 465 -, width 176 ventricular dilatation 205 VjH ratio (ventricle-to-hemi-

sphere) 205 viability 44, -, fetal 44 volume, amniotic fluid 103, 105,

106, 108, 224 -, cardiac 178 -, heart 180 -, placental 332, 334 -, transfusion 287

water-path coupling 9 water path scanners 10 weight assessment 352, 353 -, brain 148 -, error 154 - estimation, fetal 125 - - multiparametric 448 -, fetal 124, 153, 184, 187, 334 - ratio, brain-to-body 135 width, hemispheric 176 -, ventricle 176

X-ray mammography 413, 416

X-rays 276

yolk sac 45, 46, 47, 51

A Simple Reporting Program for Obstetrical Ultrasound

PHILIPPE J EANTY

Software Required

The "Obstetrical Ultrasound Reporting Soft­ware" (OURS) is a worksheet that is loaded into a more general program: Lotus 1-2-3 (TM) version 1A or 2. Lotus 1-2-3 (TM) is a spreadsheet software developed by Lotus Corporation of Cambridge, Massachusetts. This software was selected because it has been a very successful program and is fast and inex­pensive. There is a large body of knowledge about it, and training is available under any desirable form. The equations that are used were all derived from our own data, except for the equation to predict the fetal weight, which is derived from the paper by Shepard et ai. (Shepard MJ, Richards V A, Berkowitz RL et ai., 1982: An evaluation of two equations for predicting fetal weight by ultrasound. Am J Ob­stet Gynecol 142:42-54) and that for the crown-rump length, which is the one developed by Robinson and Fleming (Robinson HP, Fleming JEE, 1975: A critical evaluation of sonar crown-rump length measurements. Br J Obstet Gynaecol82:702-71O). The equation to predict IUGR from the estimated fetal weight was derived from the original data, used in the paper of Chervenak et ai. (Chervenak FA, Ro­mero R, Berkowitz RL et ai., 1984: The use of sonographic estimated fetal weight in the prediction of intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Perinatol1 :298-301).

Functions

The program is a series of instructions, called "macro", which are included in the worksheet and can be studied by the interested user. Since the 1-2-3 language is very simple, and contains only a couple of dozen instructions and formu­las, it is easy to master, and the program can therefore easily be modified to be adapted by the user.

The program allows the entering of "admin­istrative" information such as the name and ad­dress of the patient and physician, the reason for the scan [one of the 28 reasons suggested by the NIH guidelines (Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging in Pregnancy, 1984: NIH publication 84-667) or free text], and the LMP. If the LMP is unknown, the program can work either on the "best estimate" of the number of weeks of gestation (as derived from an early physical examination) or even an approximate of the number of months (which the patient often knows).

The Measurements. A series of data collection forms are then proposed which cover virtually all the biometry covered above.

Establishment of the Gestational Age. Any combination of the LMP, crown-rump length, biparietal diameter, binocular distance, head perimeter, femur, and humerus.

Graphic Display of the Data. Graphs demon­strating the growth of the biparietal diameter, head perimeter, femur, abdominal perimeter, and estimated fetal weight are automatically provided. Graphs that summarize the evolution of a same patient over up to eight examinations can be produced too.

The Report. Finally, a report is composed and printed entirely by automatic wordprocess­ing. As many copies as necessary can be printed. The data can then be saved for archival purposes. They can later be restored, should a copy of an old report be needed. A sample report is provided for illustration below.

Procedures. The user is guided from one task to the next by a series of menus covering the whole series of tasks. The user never has to be involved with" computer instructions." The system of menus allow for very rapid movement between the different aspects of the program. It also permits return to a previous task, should an error have been introduced. More fluent use of the computer is therefore possible.

492

Hardware

OURS works on IBM Personal Computer (TM) and 100% IBM-compatible computers such as the Compaq (TM). The amount of memory required is at least 256 K of RAM. The use of a hard disk is recommended for speed. A printer (either dot matrix or letter quality) is needed to print the reports. The price of the whole equipment is estimated to be be­tween $ 3000 and $ 7000.

Order Instruction

A Simple Reporting Program for Obstetrical Ultrasound

Availability

The program is distributed as "user-sup­ported": the user only pays a small contribu­tion for a copy of the program and sends a donation if he feels satisfied with it. The user is allowed to distribute his copy of the program but has to do it free (he is not allowed to sell it). The user is also allowed to make whatever modification he wants in the program, but is not authorized to distribute this modified copy, in order that potential bugs do not creep into the program, rendering it potentially incorrect or misleading.

Please send your informal order plus a cheque (or money order) for $ 40 to

Springer-Verlag 175 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10010 Attn.: Mrs. I. Cunningham

Tel. 212-460-1500

You will receive the software program directly from the author, Dr. Philippe Jeanty. It is therefore mandatory that the cheque be made out to Dr. P. Jeanty.

You

r o

ffic

e,

str

eet,

an

d ph

one

num

ber

Ex

amin

atio

n

per

form

ed

on

Dec

embe

r 1

9,

19

85

.

Dr

Her

od

ote

65

wes

t M

ain

str

eet

An

oth

er

Tow

n,

USA

Dea

r D

r H

ero

do

te,

Re:

S

mit

h

Bo

nn

ie

29

years

o

ld

(20

3)

83

2-3

41

4

54

East

M

ain

Str

eet

Any

T

own,

U

SA

85

-32

34

4

12

34

-56

7-8

90

Tha

nk

yo

u

for

refe

rin

g

to

us

Ms

Bo

nn

ie

Sm

ith

w

ho

is cu

rren

tly

21

w

eeks

by

date

s.

Her

LM

P o

ccu

red

on

Ju

ly 1

9,

19

85

. A

s yo

u re

call

th

e

reaso

n

for

the

exam

inat

ion

was

: S

tag

e 1

exam

inat

ion

(d

ati

ng

, p

lacen

ta,

screen

ing

fo

r g

ro

ss

ma

lfo

rma

tio

ns ..

. ).

The

est

imate

d g

est

ati

on

al

age

is

21

wee

ks

and

6

day

s,

bas

ed

on

an

aver

age

of

the la

st

men

stru

al

peri

od

s,

bip

ari

eta

l d

iam

ete

r,

hea

d

peri

mete

r,

fem

ur

len

gth

, an

d hu

mer

us

len

gth

. T

he

exp

ecte

d

due

date

b

ased

on

th

is

gest

ati

on

al

age

is A

pri

l 2

5,

19

86

. T

he

5th

an

d

95

th

lim

its

on th

is p

red

icti

on

o

f th

e

du

e d

ate

are

fr

om A

pri

l 9

, 19

86

to

May

8

, 1

98

6.

Th

e B

PD

m

ea

sures

55

m

m,

wh

ich

co

rresp

on

ds

to

22

w

eek

s a

nd

0

day

(s).

T

he

fem

ur

mea

sure

s 37

m

m

(co

rresp

on

din

g to

21

w

eeks

an

d

6 d

ay

(s»

. T

he

est

imate

d fe

tal

wei

gh

t (E

FW)

is

420

gra

ms

(wh

ich

is

ab

ou

t 0

po

un

ds

and

15

o

un

ces)

. T

he

EFW

is

w

ith

in th

e

no

rmal

ra

ng

e fo

r th

is g

est

ati

on

al

ag

e.

The

p

lacen

ta is

p

ost

eri

or,

an

d

the

amou

nt

of

flu

id

is

no

rmal

.

Th

is

is

whe

re

you

can

en

ter

free

form

co

mm

ents

, su

ch a

s:

Th

is

kid

lo

ok

s g

reat

I o

r w

hat

ever

yo

u w

ish

!

You

w

ill

fin

d

in th

e

foll

ow

ing

p

ages

a

list

of

the

par

amet

ers

that

hav

e b

een

o

bta

ined

.

If

yo

u

hav

e an

y fu

rth

er

qu

est

ion

s,

ple

ase

call

u

s.

Sin

cerely

y

ou

rs,

Yo

ur

Na

me

, M

.D.

Pati

en

t:S

mit

h

Ob

stetr

ical

Ult

raso

un

d

Rep

ort

GES

TATI

ON

AL

AG

E A

SSES

SMEN

T

LMP

(MM

-DD

-YY

): 7

11

9

1 8

5

Due

D

ate

(fro

m L

MP)

L

ower

li

mit

o

f D

ue

Dat

e fr

om e

xam

M

ost

pro

bab

le

Due

D

ate

from

exa

m

Upp

er

lim

it

of

Due

D

ate

fro

m e

xam

25

-Ap

r-8

6

09

-Ap

r-8

6

25

-Ap

r-8

6

08-M

ay-8

6

19

-Dec

-85

Pre

dic

ted

g

est

ati

on

al

age

bas

ed

on v

ari

ou

s p

aram

eter

s (i

n

wee

ks

& d

ays)

LMP

Bip

ari

eta

l d

iam

eter

B

ino

cula

r d

ista

nce

Hea

d P

eri

mete

r Fe

mur

H

umer

us

Sele

cte

d a

ge

Pla

cen

tal

Po

siti

on

A

mou

nt

of

Flu

id

3 v

essels

co

rd

N

umbe

r o

f fe

tuse

s F

eta

l p

osi

tio

n

Sex

F

eta

l h

eart

acti

vit

y

Tap

e t,

co

un

ter *

21

+ 6

<

---

2L

+ 0

<

---

22

+ 2

21

+

3

<--

-2

1

+ 6

<

---

22

+ 3

<

---

21

+ M

ISC

ELLA

NEO

US

po

ste

rio

r

nor

mal

y

es

one

ver

tex

m

ale

reg

ula

r

NO

TE:

On

the

foll

ow

ing

p

ages

yo

u w

ill

see

the d

eta

il

of

the

mea

sure

men

ts

ob

tain

ed

du

rin

g t

he

exam

inat

ion

. O

n th

e ri

gh

t o

f ea

ch

par

amet

er a

re

the

valu

e(s

) th

at

have

b

een

o

bta

ined

, an

d th

eir

m

ean.

T

he

thre

e

colu

mn

s on

th

e

rig

ht

rep

rese

nt

the

"est

imate

d g

est

ati

on

al

age"

fr

om

th

e

para

mete

r.

The

n

ext

set

of

thre

e

colu

mn

s re

pre

sen

ts

the

pre

dic

ted

si

ze

of

the

par

amet

er

for

the g

est

ati

on

al

age

that

has

b

een

se

lecte

d.

Fin

all

y t

he la

st

colu

mn

on

the

rig

ht

chec

ks

wh

eth

er

or

no

t a

par

amet

er

is w

ith

in

lim

its

(mar

ked

by

a

0)

or

ou

tsid

e li

mit

s (m

arke

d by

a

1).

P

lease

re

mem

ber

that

sin

ce

for

mo

st

of

the

par

amet

ers

use

d

the

co

nfi

den

ce li

mit

s are

th

e

5th

an

d

95

th p

erc

en

tile

, it

wil

l N

OT

be

un

usu

al

for

one

or

two

mea

sure

men

ts

to

be

ou

tsid

e

the

co

nfi

den

ce li

mit

s.

Ple

ase

in

terp

ret

these

m

easu

rem

ents

in

th

eir

cli

nic

al

co

nte

xt.

Co

py

rig

ht

19

84

-19

85

Ph

ilip

pe

Jean

ty M

.D.,

Ph

.D.

OU

RS

1.

pati

en

t: 8

mi t

h

Ob

ste

tr ical

Ult

raso

un

d

Rep

ort

1

9-D

ec-8

5

~

Sis

so

n

"""

Mea

n I G

esta

tio

nal

Ag

e I p

red

icte

d

Siz

e

ILim

i ts:

Ser

ial

gro

wth

of

the

bip

arie

tal

dla

m.

Data

o

f I

perc

en

tile

I

Perc

en

tile

I O

= ...

i th

in

10

0 ~

<

Ig5

th

til

82

1&2

15

th

50

th 9

5th

1

5th

5

0th

9

5th

11

=o

uts

ide

~ <

-5

0th

II

I I

I gO

~~<-5th

IND

ICE

S

of

FET

AL

W

EL

L-B

EIN

G

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=

80

H

ead

/Ab

d

Per

Rati

o -------)

1.3

3

11

.12

1

.17

1

.22

11

'E

Abd

P

er

/ F

emu

r R

ati

o -------)

3.9

5

13

.83

4

.33

4

.83

10

E

stim

ate

d F

eta

l W

eig

ht

(g)

--)

42

0

I 3

78

5

16

7

03

10

E

7

0

EFW

(p

ou

nd

s +

ou

nces)

0

lbs.

15

o

un

ces

/ N

A

=

too

earl

y t

o

use

~

Lo

wer

.5

p

erc

en

tile

o

f EF

W

24

7

I EF

W

I 1

No

rmal

..

60

L

ow

er

20

p

erc

en

tile

o

f EF

W

31

1

I Z

on

e I

2 2

0

% r

isk

o

f IU

GR

.!

EF

W

Zo

ne

1 I

\ 3

=

80

%

ris

k

of

IUG

R

~ 5

0

c 'ii

CR

AN

IAL

PA

RA

ME

TE

RS

: ]

40

I 24

-S,.

p~5"

=

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=

G

Bip

ari

eta

l D

iam

ete

r 5

5

55

.0

12

0.2

2

2.0

2

3.8

5

0

55

5

9

10

.~

30

B

ino

cu

lar

dis

tan

ce

35

3

5.0

1

20

.8

22

.3

23

.7

30

37

4

4

10

~

Occip

i to

-fro

nta

l D

6

5

65

.0

I 58

6

5

72

lO

w

20

C

om

pu

ted

H

ead

P

eri

mete

r (m

m)-

) 1

94

1

19

.7

21

.5

23

.2

17

4

19

8

22

2

10

Cep

hali

c

Ind

ex

--

----

->

85%

1 74

%

80%

86

%10

L

ate

ral

Ven

tric

le

8 8

.0

I I

10

H

em

isp

heri

c

Wid

th

18

1

8.0

I

I L

V/H

W rati

o -------)

44%

1 31

%

39%

48

%1

0 0

LIM

B

BIO

ME

TR

Y:

12

1

6

20

2

4

28

3

2

36

4

0

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

G

esta

tio

nal

Age

(in

Wee

ks)

F

emu

r (m

m)

37

3

7.0

)1

9.7

2

1.9

2

4.2

34

39

4

3

10

Hu

mer

us

36

3

6.0

1

19

.7

22

.4

25

.2

32

3

6

40

10

~

Tib

ia

34

34

.0

11

9.7

2

2.6

2

5.5

30

34

3

8

10

~

Fib

ula

3

2

32

.0

I 2

0

31

4

2

10

S'

-.

Uln

a

33

3

3.0

1

19

.6

22

.6

25

.7

29

3

3

37

10

Is

so

n

8 R

ad

ius

28

2

8.0

I

21

3

0

40

10

S

eria

l g

row

th o

f th

e h

ead

peri

mete

r ~

Th

igh

D

iam

ete

r 1

12

1

2.0

I

I 4

00

('\)

T

hig

h

Dia

mete

r 2

23

2

3.0

I

I ~

Th

igh

P

eri

mete

r --

----

->

55

I

50

64

79

10

<-

95

th

"Cl

Th

igh

V

olu

me

(cm

3)

-------)

9 I

3 1

4

24

10

3

50

<

-5

0th

0

Arm

D

iam

ete

r 1

8 8

.0

I I

<_

5th

a.

Arm

D

iam

ete

r 2

17

1

7.0

I

I 3

00

J6

Arm

P

er

imete

r -------)

39

I 39

5

0

61

11

~

Arm

V

olu

me

(cm

3)

-------)

4 I

2 7

11

10

E

::;

; E

0

VIS

CE

RA

L

BIO

ME

TR

Y

: E

2

50

~

-------------------

~

po

Ab

do

min

al

Dia

m

U

48

-4

8~O-

----

----

----

-I

I ~

20

0

8 A

bd

om

inal

Dia

m

12

4

5

45

.0

I lE

O'

Co

mp

ute

d

Ab

do

min

al

Peri

mete

r 1

46

I

14

0

16

2

18

5

10

L

~

Heart

D

iam

Lo

ng

2

1

21

. 0

I 1

9

23

2

6

10

(f

15

0

0 H

eart

D

iam

T

ran

s 1

7

17

.0

I 1

5

18

2

1

10

"C

g-H

eart

V

olu

me

(cm

3)

-------)

3.1

8

11

.90

3

.94

5

.98

10

g

" K

idn

ey

W

idth

1

0

10

.0

I 8

12

1

6

10

I 1

00

::

; K

idn

ey

T

hic

kn

ess

9

9.0

I

7 1

1

15

10

n'

K

idn

ey

L

en

gth

23

2

3.0

I

19

2

4

29

10

e:. K

idn

ey

V

olu

me

(cm

3)

-------)

1.1

I

0.0

1

.7

3.9

10

5

0

c:: K

idn

ey

Per

im

ete

r

----

--->

30

I

I ;::::

;" ~

o ~

Co

py

rig

ht

19

84

-19

85

P

hil

ipp

e Jean

ty M

.D.,

Ph

.D.

OU

RS

1.

12

1

6

20

2

4

28

3

2

36

4

0

g G

esta

tio

nal

Ag

e (I

n W

eek

.)

5.

>

Sis

so

n

Sis

so

n

CZl

§"

S

eriQ

I g

row

th

of

the

Clb

do

mln

QI

pe

rlm

. S

ed

QI

gro

wth

o

f th

e

EF

W

'0

35

0

5 ~

<-

95

th

<-

95

th

<-

50

th

:;Q

4 (1

)

30

0

'0

<-

5th

" 0

E

E

4 g.

E

E

25

0

CI

(JQ

6 c

3 <

-5

0th

'"0

C

.., 0

L ~

-~

~

Gi

20

0

.<:"

3

~c

~

E

~o

S "i

: ~"

~

:l

<-

5th

0'

-0

2

Co

15

0

oJ:

"6

15

-G

il-..,

.~

0 c

" E

.S!

2 r::r

0

10

0

en

0 (t

"

E

.0

~ .

... ;;

'" 5

0

e:.. c:: :::

;:'

0 I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

0 F

T=

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I ..,

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I ~

en

12

1

6

20

2

4

28

3

2

36

4

0

12

1

6

20

2

4

28

3

2

36

4

0

0 e G

es

tati

on

al

Ag

e (i

n W

ee

ks

) G

es

tati

on

al

Ag

e (i

n W

ee

ks

) ::l

0

-

Sis

so

n

Ser

JQI

gro

wth

of

the

fe

mu

r

90

]

80

<

-9

5th

<-

50

th

70

-<

~ ~

<-

5th

E

60

E

6 5

0

.s: 0.

c 4

0

.!!

L :l E

30

~ ...

p."

a5

2

4-

20

+

10

15

-0ct-

85

0

12

1

6

20

2

4

28

3

2

36

4

0

.j:>.

Ge

sta

tio

na

l A

ge

(I

n W

ee

ks)

\0

VI