SUB-COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND CONTAINERS · 2018-07-27 · CCC 5/INF.22 Annex 1, page 2...

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SUB-COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND CONTAINERS 5th session Agenda item 5

CCC 5/INF.22

6 July 2018 Original: ENGLISH

AMENDMENTS TO THE IMSBC CODE AND SUPPLEMENTS

Proposed new individual schedule for Iron Silicate Granulated

Submitted by Germany

SUMMARY

Executive summary: This document contains supporting documentation for the proposed new individual schedule for Iron Silicate Granulated

Strategic direction, if applicable:

Other work

Output: OW 9

Action to be taken: Paragraph 3

Related document: CCC 5/5/16

Background 1 In document CCC 5/5/16, Germany proposes a new individual schedule for Iron Silicate Granulated, with a view to inclusion in appendix 1 to the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code. 2 Supporting documentation, in the form of the IMO Solid Bulk Cargo Information Reporting Questionnaire, the Substance Information Sheet (SIS) and additional information, is provided in annexes 1 to 3. Action requested of the Sub-Committee 3 The Sub-Committee is invited to note the information provided when considering document CCC 5/5/16.

***

CCC 5/INF.22 Annex 1, page 1


ANNEX 1

IMO SOLID BULK CARGO INFORMATION REPORTING QUESTIONNAIRE

It is recommended to provide the following information in addition to the information described in sub-section 1.3.3 of the IMSBC Code. Basic background information Q1. Are there other synonyms or trade names in use? Iron silicate granulated, iron silicate granulate, iron silicate granules Q2. How is it manufactured, how is it made, or where does it originate? Joint product of the copper-smelting and recovering process from primary and secondary raw materials. CAS number 67711-92-6, EINECS number 266-968-3, REACH Registration number 01-2119513228-45-0008 Q3. What is it used for? Blasting abrasive, raw mix component for clinker production (cement). Formulation of cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar Q4. Where is it produced? In what countries? In what volumes? Hamburg and Lünen, Germany / up to 1.000.000 tonnes per annum Q5. What experience do you have with the cargo? No negative experience with the cargo Basic cargo properties The following information may be included in the Description section of the draft individual schedule: Q6. What colour is it? Black / Grey Q7. Does it have an odour? No Q8. What form is the cargo in? What particle size? The granules have a size from 0 to 8 mm Q9. How much moisture is in the cargo? How much oil is in the cargo? Less than 9% moisture / No oil in the cargo Q10. How is it stored? Outside? Under cover? Outside, no special storage condition required Q11. Does the cargo cake when wet? No Q12. Is it a cohesive cargo or a free-flowing cargo? This a cohesive cargo Hazardous properties



For this section of the questionnaire, each answer should be supported by test data on multiple samples from difference sources. If a question is not applicable, a detailed explanation of why it is not applicable should be made. Q13. Does it meet the definition of dangerous goods (Hazard Classes 1-9)? Which hazard classes? No Q14. Is the cargo easily ignitable, combustible or flammable? No Q15. Can the cargo contribute to fire or accelerate a fire? No Q16. Does the cargo self-heat? What causes the self-heating? Fungal or bacterial growth? Oxidation? No, to all questions Q17. Does the cargo react with water causing toxic or flammable gases to be released? Which gases? How toxic or flammable are the gases? What is the rate of evolution? No, to all questions Q18. Is the cargo toxic? Toxic by inhalation? Toxic by skin contact or ingestion? How toxic? Acute or chronic toxicity? No, to all questions Q19. Does the cargo exhibit any long-term health effects, such as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic properties? No, to all questions Q20. Is the cargo a respiratory sensitizer? No Q21. Does the cargo contain known pathogens? No Q22. Does the cargo react with water reaction causing corrosion? Corrosion to eyes, skin, or metal? What is the rate of corrosion? No, to all questions Q23. Is the cargo corrosive without water? Corrosion to eyes, skin, or metal? What is the rate of corrosion? No, to all questions Q24. Is the cargo hazardous to environment? No Q25. Is the dust flammable or explosive? No Q26. Can the cargo deplete oxygen in cargo spaces and adjacent spaces? By how much? No



Q27. Is the cargo incompatible with other cargoes or chemicals? Which cargoes or chemicals? No Q28. Can the cargo liquefy during a voyage? What is the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML) of the Cargo? No / TML 10,6% Operation questions Q29. How is the cargo loaded? Conveyor? Clam shell? Clam shell or Conveyor depending on the amount of cargo Q30. Does the cargo need to be trimmed? No Q31. What type of ship will be used? Bulk carrier? OBO? Self-unloading vessel? Bulk carrier Q32. What experience do you have carrying the cargo in bulk by vessel? By road and rail? Carrying by vessel or truck without problems, by rail no experience. Q33. Have there been any incidents when transporting the cargo as a result of the cargo properties or hazards? No Q34. Are there any recommendation for tank or hold cleaning? No special requirements Emergency response questions Q35. In the event of a fire can the cargo be extinguished with water? CO2? Yes Q36. In the event of personal exposure what procedures should be followed? Protective equipment Q37. What happens in the in the event of an accidental release to water during transport? No impact on the material Testing questions Q38. Which hazards have been assessed? See "Substance Information Sheet" in annex 2 Q39. Which tests were conducted? See "Substance Information Sheet" in annex 2 Q40. What were the results of these tests? See "Substance Information Sheet" in annex 2 Q41. What was the actual data from the tests? See "Substance Information Sheet" in annex 2



Q42. How many tests were conducted? See "Substance Information Sheet" in annex 2 Q43. What samples were tested? Are the sample representative of the cargo to be shipped? Yes

***

Substance Information Sheet

Version 1 Revision: 16 /09/2011

Page 1 of 48

1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING

1.1. Product identifier Substance name: Slags, copper smelting

Chemical formula:

Trade name: Iron silicate stone, Iron silicate granulate

Application of the substance Stone: Armourstone DIN EN 13383-1, TLW 2003; Aggregate DIN EN 13043, DIN EN

13242, TL Gestein StB 04, DIN 4301

Granulate: Blast grain EN ISO 11126-3; Aggregate DIN EN 13043, DIN EN 13242,

Tl Gestein StB 04, DIN 4301

CAS number: 67711-92-6

EINECS number: 266-968-3

REACH Registration number: 01-2119513228-45-0008

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Copper slag does not meet the criteria for classification in accordance to the regulations EC 1272/2008 and 67/548/EEC.

No special conditions and risk management measures are therefore needed for the use of copper slags.

Copper slag shall be used in compliance with all relevant national legislation.

During production of copper slag and during specific industrial uses (abrasive blasting), risk management measures may

however be needed due to the potential occurrence of hazardous dusts or fumes).

1.2.1 Relevant identified uses

The following uses of copper slag have been identified.

Identified uses

Production of Copper slags

Formulation of cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout…

Raw mix component for clinker production

Raw mix component for iron/steel production

Manufacture of slag construction material

Manufacture of abrasive material

Use of slags for construction (road and alleys (surface installation as well as sub-layer), embankment)

Use of slags for stabilization of mining and quarries

lohmann1

Schreibmaschinentext

Annex 2



Page 2 of 48

Use of slags for roofing

Use of slags as abrasive agent

Use of cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout, controlled low strength material…

Service life of slags in roads and alleys

Service life of slags in embankments

Service life of slags in mines

Service life of slags in quarries

Service life of slags in roofing

Service life of slags in cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout…

The substance does not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous according to EC 1272/2008 and Directive

67/548/EEC and it is not PBT or vPvB, therefore exposure assessment, risk characterization and exposure scenarios for

the identified uses though the life cycle is not required ( REACH Regulation 1907/2006, Annex 1 and ECHA Guidance on

information requirements and chemical safety assessment , part A)

1.2.2 Uses advised against: There are no uses advised against.

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company Name

Aurubis AG

Hovestraße 50

D-20539 Hamburg

Germany

www.aurubis.com

Informing department:

Environmental Protection Department

Dr. Hendrik Roth, Tel.: ++49 40 78 83 3623

email: [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone number : Aurubis AG, Werkfeuerwehr, Tel.:++49 40 78 83 33 66

2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

2.1.1 Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (Classification, labeling and Packaging)) Not classified



Page 3 of 48

2.1.2 Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC (Dangerous Substance Directive) Not classified

2.2 Label elements

2.2.1 Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 None

2.2.2 Labelling according to Directive 67/548/EEC None

2.3 Other hazards The substance does not meet the criteria for a PBT or vPvB substance.

3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

3.1 Substance

Constituent Typical

concentration

Remarks

Iron

EC no.: 231-096-4

ca 41% (w/w) The iron content refers to elemental composition. Iron is present as iron

silicate in amorphous glass (Si (Fe,Al,Ca)O2-3 or fayalite (Fe2Si04) with

accessory magnetite (Fe3O4).

Oxides ca. 42.0 % (w/w) It refers to total content of Si, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn, K, Na calculated and

reported as oxides. They are actually present in amorphous glass and/or

augite (Ca, Mg,Al)Si2O6, and/or fayalite.

copper

EC no.: 231-159-6

<0.9 % (w/w) The copper content refers to elemental composition. Copper is present as

copper sulphides, metallic copper, copper alloys, and as

inclusion/isomorphic substitution in silicates.

zinc

EC no.: 231-175-3

< 2.1% (w/w) The zinc content refers to elemental composition. Zinc is mainly carried

by glass, sphalerite and less by magnetite.

lead

EC no.: 231-100-4

<0.35% (w/w) The lead content refers to elemental composition. Lead mainly occurs as

galena.

nickel

EC no.: 231-111-4

<. 0.04 % (w/w) The nickel content refers to elemental composition. Nickel is present in

metallic or alloy form.

arsenic

EC no.: 231-148-6

< 0.1 % (w/w) The arsenic content refers to elemental composition. Arsenic is

completely included in the glass phase.



Page 4 of 48

cobalt

EC no.: 231-158-0

<. 0.05 % (w/w) The cobalt content refers to elemental composition. Cobalt is

incorporated in glass, in sulphides and/or alloys.

Tin

EC no.: 231-141-8

<0.1% (w/w) The tin content refers to elemental composition. Tin is incorporated in

copper-tin alloys.

cadmium

EC no.: 231-152-8

<0.003% (w/w)

4: FIRST AID MEASURES applicable to production and uses of copper in massive forms

4.1 Description of first aid measures Copper slag is not hazardous.

During production and some uses, hazardous fumes and dust may occur/be formed.

General advice Get medical attention if any discomfort develops.

Show this information sheet to the doctor in attendance.

Following inhalation In case of exposure to fumes or dust, move to fresh air; get medical attention in case of discomfort.

Following skin contact Substance is not a skin irritant and not a skin sensitizer.

Use general hygiene measure for contact with the material.

In case of contact with molten product, cool rapidly with water and seek immediate medical attention.

Do not attempt to remove molten product from skin because skin will tear easily.

.

Following eye contact Substance is not an eye irritant.

Use general measures if eye irritations occur.

Do not rub eyes.

Remove any contact lenses.

Flush eyes thoroughly with water, taking care to rinse under eyelids.

After ingestion Rinse mouth thoroughly.

Give water to drink.

Do not induce vomiting.

Get medical attention in case of persistent symptoms.



Page 5 of 48

5: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

5.1. Extinguishing media

5.1.1. Suitable extinguishing media Material is non-flammable. Use fire fighting measures appropriate to surrounding materials.

5.1.2. Unsuitable extinguishing media No special requirements

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Inhalable dust.

5.2.1. Advice for fire-fighters Wear Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus with chemical resistant gloves.

Dispose of fire debris and contaminated fire fighting media in accordance with official regulations.

6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Copper slag is not hazardous.

During production and some uses, fume and dust may be formed

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

6.1.1 For non-emergency personnel: Avoid formation of dust

Ensure adequate ventilation.

Avoid inhalation of dust and fumes.

Wear suitable protective equipment.

6.1.2 For emergency responders: Avoid formation of dust.

Ensure adequate ventilation.

Avoid inhalation of dust and fumes.

Wear suitable protective equipment

Keep unprotected persons away.

6.2 Environmental precautions Collect dust using a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter. Dispose of spilled material in accordance with the relevant local

regulations.

6.3 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up Avoid dust formation.

-Ventilate the area thoroughly if indoor.

- Collect mechanically or using a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter (in case of fines).



Page 6 of 48

6.4 Reference to other sections For more information on exposure controls/personal protection or disposal considerations, check section 8 to 13 of this

product information sheet.

7: HANDLING AND STORAGE

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

7.1.1 Protective measures Copper slag is not classified and no protective measures are needed for safe handling

7.1.2 Advice on general occupational hygiene Avoid contact with molten material.

Grinding, crushing, blasting operations may generate dusts.

Prevent generation and spreading of dust. Avoid inhalation of dust and small particles and contact with eyes.

Provide adequate ventilation. Wear suitable personal protective equipment if required

Observe good industrial hygiene practices.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities No special requirements

7.3 Specific end use(s) Check the identified uses in section 1.2 of this safety data sheet.

For more information see the relevant Exposure Scenario, Annex I and check section 2.1: Control of workers exposure.

8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION – of relevance to industrial settings An overview of the assigned protection factors (APFs) of different RPE (according to BS EN 529:2005) can be found in

the glossary of MEASE (www.ebrc.de/mease.html).

8.1 Control parameters of relevance to industrial settings (occurrence of dusts, mist, fumes)

The following current national occupational exposure limit values apply:

Copper 1 mg/m3 inhalable dusts and mists; 0.2 mg/m3 fume (8h TWA)

Lead 0.15 mg/m3 inhalable dusts and mists (8h TWA)

8.1.2 PNECs and DNELs Not available for the substance. The PNECs and DNELs of the elemental constituents apply

8.2 Exposure controls for industrial settings See section 2.1 of the individual exposure scenarios in Annex I for a detailed description of the required exposure controls

measures. Any control measures and associated efficiency values are based on actual measured data at the workplace or

on the MEASE tool for occupational exposure assessment (http://www.ebrc.de/ebrc/ebrc-mease.php).



Page 7 of 48

CRITICAL COMPONENTS THAT REQUIRE MONITORING AT THE WORKPLACE:

-Copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium in accordance to the national legislation

The environmental assessment uses the Metal EUSES calculator for DUs can be freely downloaded from

http://www.arche-consulting.be/Metal-CSA-toolbox/du-scaling-tool. For environmental monitoring, the physico-

chemical characteristics of the local receiving environment should preferably be monitored (see section 12)

8.2.1 Appropriate engineering controls at industrial settings

Risk management measures, aiming at the protection of human health, are to be considered in cases of inhalation of dust

and fumes (fumes from hot processes) during production and professional uses of copper slags

Prevent formation of dust where possible. Ensure appropriate ventilation/exhaustion at machinery and places where dust

can be generated. For this reason, automated and closed systems should preferably be used for industrial and professional

uses of copper slags. Use process enclosures, hoods at handling points, local exhaust ventilation or other engineering

controls to keep airborne levels of containing metals below recommended exposure limits

Waste air is to be released into the atmosphere only when it has passed through suitable dust separators.

Waste water generated during the production process or cleaning operations should be collected and should preferably be

treated.

8.2.2 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment

8.2.2.1 Eye/face protection: As a precautionary measure, it is advised to wear suitable safety glasses.

8.2.2.2 Skin protection: As a precautionary measure, wear suitable protective clothing.

8.2.2.3 Respiratory protection Avoid generation and spreading of dust. Use local ventilation to keep levels below established threshold values.

Respiratory protection is needed in case of inadequate ventilation or risk of inhalation of dust.

During tapping of slag use suitable respiratory equipment with particle filter (type P2).

During abrasive blasting with slag use breathing apparatus that is independent of circulating air.

8.2.2.4 Thermal hazards Not applicable. Copper slags do not have any self-heating or auto-flammable properties.

8.2.3 Environmental exposure controls Observe national regulations on emissions

9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

(a) Appearance Solid, Colour: Grey



Page 8 of 48

(b) Odour Odourless.

(c) Odour threshold Not applicable as odourless.

(d) pH Not applicable to an inorganic solid.

(e) Melting point 1027-1341 °C

(f) Initial boiling point and boiling range

Not applicable to a solid that melts >300°C

(g) Flash point Not applicable to an inorganic solid

(h) Evaporation rate Not applicable to an inorganic solid.

(i) Flammability (solid,

gas)

Non-flammable.

(j) Upper/Lower

flammability or

explosive limits

Not applicable

(k) Vapour pressure Not applicable to a solid that melts >300°C

(l) Vapour density Not applicable to an inorganic solid.

(m) Relative density 3.11 – 4.2 g/cm3 at 20°C

(n) Solubility Poorly soluble1. Solubilization and agitation for 14 days (pH 6.3-7.6) resulted in dissolved

Cu, Ni, Pb <0.2 mg/L

(o) Partition coefficient

n-octanol/water

Not applicable to inorganic substances.

(p) Auto-ignition

temperature

No auto-ignition

(q) Decomposition temperature

Decomposition and/or melting starts at 1059°C

(r) Viscosity Not applicable to an inorganic solid

(s) Explosive properties Non explosive. The substance does not contain chemical groups associated with explosive

properties

(t) Oxidising properties Non-oxidising substance.

9.2 Other information Not applicable.

1 Transformation/dissolution (OECD, 2001) is more suitable for metals and sparingly soluble metal compounds (see IUCLID Section 5.6). The

outcomes of the transformation/dissolution tests were used for aquatic classification



Page 9 of 48

10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

10.1 Reactivity Not applicable. See section 9.

10.2 Chemical stability Under normal conditions of use and storage, the product is stable.

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions No dangerous reactions known

10.4 Conditions to avoid Avoid dust formation and contact with acids.

10.5 Incompatible materials Strong acids

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

The substance does not decompose. Trace metals are firmly built in or bonded into the glass/crystal structures of the

silicate and other mineral phases. Therefore the release of metals soluble species is very limited.

11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

11.1 Information on toxicological effects The toxicological information was obtained from the Chemical Safety Report submitted as part the REACH registration

(November 2010 )

Toxicity endpoints

Description of effects

Effects Derived based on CLP Mixture toxicity rules applied on constituents listed under Section 3, taking into

account the forms present and assuming release of soluble, potentially bio available ionic species as

described in the section bio-accessability.

Bio accessibility and read-across

Oral (gastric) kinetics

The physical form (solid) and the physico-chemical properties (metal constituents present in mineral

forms) limit the solubility of the constituents in biological fluids. Limited solubility results in limited

potential for cellular absorption of the constituents. The toxicokinetics are therefore primarily related to

the degree to which the metal mineral phases react with biological fluids and release soluble,

potentially bio-available ionic species.

Copper slag is a solid and needs to dissolve before it can be absorbed. Reduced absorption in

gastrointestinal tract is therefore expected due to poor water solubility. To assess the potential

availability of slags after oral intake, the metal release in human digestive system was estimated

through in vitro bio-accessibility test in extraction solvent that resembles gastric fluid (using HCl



Page 10 of 48

Inhalation

kinetics Dermal kinetics

0.07N at pH 1.5) in accordance with the ASTM D 5517-07 standard (Rodriguez et al, 2010). The

fraction of metals that solubilise under these conditions can be considered as worst case determinant of

bio-accessibility of metal constituents, because only solubility in the biological fluid is assessed and the

absorption and homeostatic control mechanisms at the level of cells (eg intestine and liver) are ignored.

Relative bio-accessibility of metals (amount of metal released/total amount of metal from

representative slag sample compared to the solubility of reference soluble compound) is low: Cu 5%,

Ni 10%, As 16%, Pb 16%.

Copper slags in massive and granular forms do not contain inhalable particles (particles < 100 µm ) and

cannot be inhaled.

Copper slag particles have to dissolve into the surface moisture of the skin before dermal uptake can

begin. As the copper slag is poorly soluble in water it is not expected to partition to the epidermis.

Therefore dermal uptake is likely to be low. The solubility of Ni was assessed during an in-vitro bio-

accessibility test in artificial sweat fluid in accordance with standardized test method (EN 1811). The

amount of Ni released during the sweat tests of two copper slags is in the ranges between1.9 % to 2.5%

or 0.021 and 0.036 µg Ni/cm2/week.

Acute toxicity ORAL: Based on the available acute oral toxicity data (i. e LD50> 2000 mg/kg) and calculated Oral

Acute toxicity estimate (ATE >2000 mg/kg) copper slag is not classified as hazardous for acute

toxicity by the oral route.

INHALATION: No test data on acute inhalation toxicity are available. The calculated Inhalation Acute

toxicity estimate of the mixture is > 5mg/L thus copper slag is not classified as hazardous for acute

toxicity by the inhalation route. Result is further confirmed by extrapolation from oral to inhalation

route based on worst case 100% absorption rate. Using ATE oral: 2000 mg/kg BW and the

extrapolation formula 1mg/kg BW = 0.0052 mg/L/4h, the inhalation ATE will be 10.4 mg/L/4h

DERMAL: Consideration of available acute dermal toxicity data (i. e. LD50>2000 mg/kg) leads to the

conclusion that copper slag does not require classification for acute lethal effects. Copper slag is an

inorganic solid poorly soluble in water. It is not likely to penetrate through skin in any significant

quantity and so would therefore not cause any toxic effects following dermal exposure. Furthermore,

negligible metal release in in-vitro bio-accessibility test in artificial sweat fluid was observed (0.021 to

0.036 µg Ni/cm2/week

Skin/eye irritation/corrosi

on

Not irritating. In-vivo skin and eye irritation studies (Caballero and Alava, 2001) demonstrate that

copper slag is non-irritant and therefore does not require classification for skin irritation/corrosion and

eye irritation.

Copper slag contains some minor ingredients classified as Skin Corrosive and/or Skin Irritant but these

are all present at concentrations < 1%..Copper slag does not contain any constituents classified as Eye

Dam.1. It contains some minor ingredients classified as Eye Irrit. 2 but these are all present at

concentrations < 1%. Therefore copper slag is not classified for skin corrosion ,skin irritation and eye

effects. Assessed by calculation : excel MECLAS tool (Verdonck; D'Havé (2010) in accordance to

the EU CLP guidance (2009).



Page 11 of 48

Respiratory or Skin Sensitisation

Not sensitizing. Copper slag contains only minor constituents classified as skin or respiratory

sensitisers but their actual levels are much lower than < 1% thus copper slag is not classified for skin or

respiratory sensitization. Assessed by calculation : excel MECLAS tool (Verdonck; D’Havé (2010) in

accordance to the EU CLP guidance (2009)Conclusion further confirmed by in-vitro bio-accessibility

test in artificial sweat fluid in accordance with standardized test method (EN 1811).

Genotoxicity Negative. Two EU B13 studies : (Cantalejo and Catediano, 1997) with Salmonella typhimurium

(strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1537 and TA 1538) and (Caballero and Alava, 2000) with Escherichia coli

WP2 uvrApKM 101 indicate negative results with respect to genotoxic activity observed.

Copper slag does not contain any constituents classified as a Category 1 mutagen. It does contain

minor constituents (Cd compounds) classified as a Category 2 mutagen at actual levels much lower

than < 0.1% thus much lower than the generic concentration limit of 1% for extrapolating the

classification Cat 2 from one constituent to the UVCB substance. Therefore copper slag does not meet

criteria for classification for germ cell mutagenicity. Assessed by calculation : excel MECLAS tool

(Verdonck; D’Havé (2010)) in accordance to the EU CLP guidance (2009)

Carcinogenicity Negative. Copper slag does not contain any constituents classified as a Category 1 carcinogen. It does

contain minor constituents classified as a Category 2 carcinogen but below 1.0 %. Therefore copper

slag does not meet criteria for classification for carcinogenicity. Assessed by calculation : excel

MECLAS tool (Verdonck; D’Havé (2010)) in accordance to the EU CLP guidance (2009)

Toxicity for

reproduction

Negative. Based on consideration of chemical composition and reduced bio-accessibility no

reproductive toxicity classification is warrant. Assessed by calculation : excel MECLAS tool

(Verdonck; D’Havé (2010)) in accordance to the EU CLP guidance (2009)

Repeated dose

toxicity and STOT-RE

Based on the information on bio-accessible constituents, the classification criteria for oral and

inhalation route are not met.

Oral(rat), 90 days repeated dose , dose concentration >100 mg/kg body weight /day

Inhalation rat , 90 days repeated dose , dust/mist/fume dose/concentration >2 mg/Litre/6h/day

Assessed by calculation : excel MECLAS tool (Verdonck; D’Havé (2010)) in accordance to the EU

CLP guidance (2009)

12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION The ecotoxicological information was obtained from Chemical Safety Report submitted as part the REACH registration

(November 2010)

12.1 Ecotoxicity

Environmental bioavailability

The uptake of copper slag by living organisms is related to the degree to which the metal mineral phases in the slag react

with water / biological fluids and release soluble, potentially bio available ionic and other metal bearing species.

Standardized (OECD) transformation/dissolution tests of copper slag were carried out to study its potential to release

soluble available ionic and other metal-bearing species to the environment (Rodriguez et al.,2010). Transformation /



Page 12 of 48

dissolution tests for 7 days at pH 6 (worst case) and loading of 100mg/L were performed on 12 samples The results

demonstrate low releases of copper to the OECD media: 2.6 µg Cu/L from granules and 1.9 µg Cu/L from stones. Other

metals lead, nickel, zinc, arsenic and cadmium were below the detection limits.

Acute fresh water toxicity

Reliable acute/short term toxicity data of copper slag are available for the three trophic levels (algae, Daphnia and fish).

These studies show that the lowest L(E) C50 is > 100 mg/L and confirm that there is no need to classify copper slag for

acute aquatic hazard:

- 96 h LC50 ( fish) >100g/L (Sauerwald and Weiss, 2004)

- 48 h EC50 (Daphnia magna ) 980mg/L to >6250 mg/L (Simon, 2010)

- 48 h EC50 (Daphnia magna ) >100 g/L (Sauerwald and Weiss (2004)

- 72 h EC50 (P. Subcapitata) 155 mg/L to 965 mg/L (Wenzel, 2010)

- 72 h EC50 (N. Pelliculosa)1047 mg/L to >3125 mg/L (Wenzel, 2010)

- 72 h IC50 (algae)> 100 g/L (Sauerwald and Weiss (2004)

The calculated classification based on transformation/dissolution data (Rodrigues 2010) and Toxic unit approach (Higher

Tier MeClass Tool) resulted in No classification. Based on this result, the related criteria provided the estimated value for

acute (short term) toxicity:

- 48 h EC50 (for crustacea) > 100 mg/L

- 96 h LC50 (for fish) > 100 mg/L

- 72 h ErC50 (for algae) > 100 mg/L

Chronic fresh water toxicity and PNEC derivation

A reliable study (De Schamphelaere, 2010) was performed which assessed the chronic toxicity of mesocosm water

extracts of five slags on Brachionus calyciforus (rotifer). The 48 h EC10 for copper slag in the range of 94 mg/L to >674

mg/L.

The calculated classification based on transformation/dissolution data (Rodrigues 2010) and Toxic unit approach resulted

(Higher Tier MeClass Tool) resulted in No chronic classification. Based on this result, the related criteria provided the

estimated value for chronic (long term) toxicity to aquatic fish:

- `NOEC (fish, crustacean, algae) >1 mg/L

Mesocosm study ( Hommen et al, 2010) was performed to evaluate effects of iron silicate crushed stone fines and stones

on algae, macrophytes, zooplankton and benthic macro invertebrates in outdoor mesocosms. The copper slag mesocosm

study allows for the derivation of a reliable NOEC for the stones of 50 g slag/L and for the granules of 12.5 g slag/L.

These values are used as a basis for the freshwater PNEC derivation. Additional weight of evidence for the mesocosm

NOEC was obtained from read-across from metal-ion toxicity level, metal releases data for a range of slag materials and

eco-toxicity data for a range of slag materials. The uncertainty analysis further demonstrates the quality and ecological



Page 13 of 48

relevance of the mesocosm NOEC. The NOEC from the mesocosm study are therefore carried forward as PNEC to the

risk characterization without adding an additional uncertainty factor.

Chronic freshwater sediment toxicity test results and PNEC derivation:

Data on the effect of copper slag on sediment organisms is currently not available. Copper slag is complex metal

containing substance. It mainly contains iron silicate like natural rocks which is ubiquitous in the environment and is

found naturally in soil, water and sediment. Furthermore copper slag is not classified as hazardous to aquatic

environment. For metals uptake from water is believed to be the predominant route of exposure for aquatic organisms, it

therefore expected that copper slag that is not hazardous to the aquatic environment will not be toxic to sediment

organisms. The toxicity to sediment organisms will be influenced by the trace metals contained in the slag and the

distribution of metals between the aqueous phase and sediment matter. PNEC sediment derived for different metals in the

slag are available and hence used for risk characterization

Chronic terrestrial toxicity test results and PNEC derivation:

Data on the effect of copper slag on sediment organisms is currently not available. Copper slag is complex

metal containing substance. It mainly represents iron silicate like natural rocks which is ubiquitous in the

environment and is found naturally in soil, water and sediment. Furthermore copper slag is not classified as

hazardous to environment. The toxicity to terrestrial organisms will be influenced by the metals contained in

the slag and the distribution of metals between the aqueous phase and soil matter. PNEC soil derived for

different metals in the slag are available and hence used for risk characterization For more information on how the environmental classification was derived and how to assess bio-availability, contact

your supplier.

12.2 Persistence and degradability

Not degraded in classic terms but geochemical cycling leads to removal of the metals form the system.

12.2. Bio accumulative potential Not applicable

12.3 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment The PBT and vPvB criteria of Annex XIII to the Regulation do not apply to inorganic substances, such as copper slags

Copper slags are not PBT or vPvB.

12.4 Other adverse effects No

13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

13.1. Waste treatment methods Waste shall be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility.



Page 14 of 48

14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Copper massive do not need to be classified for transportation.

RID/ADR: not restricted ADNR/ADN: not restricted

IATA/ICAO: not restricted IMO/IMDG: not restricted

14.1. UN number Not applicable.

14.2. UN proper shipping name Not applicable

14.3. Transport hazard class(es) Not applicable

14.4. Packing group Not applicable

14.5. Environmental hazards Not applicable

14.6. Special precautions for user Not applicable

14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code Not applicable

15: REGULATORY INFORMATION

15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/Legislation specific for the substance The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous

Materials (GefStoffV).

Technical instructions (air):

Number/Class Share in % 5.2.2/II: 0.3

5.2.2/II:I 1.1

· Water hazard class: Not hazardous for water.

15.2. Chemical safety assessment A Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried out for the substance.

16: OTHER INFORMATION

Data are based on our latest knowledge but do not constitute a guarantee for any specific product features and do not

establish a legally valid contractual relationship.

Version 2011-06-16: New extended Safety Data Sheet in compliance with regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (“REACH”).

The information provided in this SDS is consistent with the information provided in the REACH Chemical safety report

(CSR) for copper slags.



Page 15 of 48

Further information can be obtained from ECI, manager of the Copper REACH Consortium.

Contact details:

European Copper Institute

Tervurenlaan 168,

B-1150 Brussels

Tel : +32 16471562

E-mail : kmd@ Eurocopper.org

www.eurocopper.org

Abbreviations

REACH: EC regulation on Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals, EC 1907/2006

LD50: Lethal dose to 50% of the test organisms

LC50: Lethal concentration to 50% of the test organisms

LC10: Lethal concentration to 10% of the test organisms

EC10: Effective concentration to 10% of the test organisms

NOEC: No Observed effect concentration = highest concentration tested without effects

DNEL: Derived No-effect Level

PNEC: Predicted No-effects concentration

AVS = Acid Volatile Sulphide.

MeClass – Tool for classification of metals containing UVCBs or mixtures developed by ARCHE and EUROMETAUX,

www. meclass.eu

Disclaimer:

This information is based upon the present state of our knowledge. However, it shall not constitute a guarantee for any

specific product features and shall not establish a legally valid contractual relationship. This document is intended only

as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product.

Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a

particular purpose.


Version 1 Revision: 16/09/2011

Page 16 of 48

ANNEX 1: EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT – DEVELOPMENT OF EXPOSURE SCENARIOS

INTRODUCTION

The copper slag does not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous according to EC 1272/2008

and Directive 67/548/EEC and it is not PBT or vPvB, therefore exposure assessment , risk

characterization and development of exposure scenarios for the identified uses though the life cycle is

not required ( REACH Regulation 1907/2006, Annex 1 and ECHA Guidance on information

requirements and chemical safety assessment , part A)

Nevertheless given high tonnage and various applications the industry decided on voluntary basis to develop

exposure scenarios for manufacturing and use of copper slag.

The numbering of the exposure scenarios follows the Chemcial Safety Report but only the exposure

scenarios of relevance to the uses of copper slags are included in this extended information sheet.

Copper slag is a complex inorganic substance (a UVCB). The exposure assessment therefore focused on

assessing releases/exposures for the critical trace metals relevant to the copper slag production/use instead of

assessing a copper slag as a whole. Assessment was focused on critical exposure scenarios. Risk

characterization is based on comparison of exposures to appropriate DNELs/PNECs derived for Cu, Pb, Ni,

Zn, As, Cd.

Information on operational conditions, risk management measures and measured inhalation and bio-

monitoring data were collected through questionnaires from Cu slag producers and downstream users.

For the purpose of the exposure assessment, several identified uses were grouped because the human health

and/or environmental exposure pattern is similar or comparable.

For Exposure Scenario 2 (ES 2), the manufacturing of slag construction material and of abrasive material is

done through the same “hot” processes of which the operational conditions and risk management measures

are similar. The raw mix component of slag for clinker production (hot process) and the formulation and

industrial use of cement etc consists only partly of slag (from 1.5% to 90% slags by weight)). The exposure

levels and risk management measures for the manufacture of slag construction material and abrasive material

are therefore considered as conservative and safe for the other uses.

For ES 3, the uses of slags in applications, materials that completely or partly consist of slags are combined

into one exposure scenario. For human health, the use of cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout,

controlled low strength material…are the most critical ones as the user is directly exposed to the slags

through these materials. The environmental impacts can be considered minor during the use of these

materials as direct discharge of leftovers to wastewater or surface water should be avoided.

For ES 5, all service life stages are combined in one exposure scenario. Different worst-case identified uses

are selected for human health and environmental exposure.

Human health Most exposure scenarios were developed based on collected measured data. When no exposure data were

available for an identified process or the available data were considered insufficient data from similar uses

and/or exposure situations were used to estimate exposure (relative distribution to copper or total dust for hot

and cold processes) and MEASE modelling (Version 1.01) was used to predict Cu exposure



Page 17 of 48

Environment For the risk assessment and REACH data-collection, all producers have submitted environmental exposure

data and therefore a site-specific exposure scenario, covering the information on a site-by site basis is

provided for the producers, characterised by a full coverage. For assessing environmental exposure for down

stream users, additional scenarios were developed. Releases during slag manufacturing, industrial uses and

service life uses are available. These release data are integrated into the EUSES model to estimate the local

and regional environmental concentrations for each “critical” trace constituent

Exposure Scenario 11: Manufacturing of copper slags (not provided in the Information Sheet)

Exposure Scenario 2: Manufacture of slag construction material, abrasive material, roofing sheets, raw

mix component for clinker production, formulation and industrial use of mineral wool (insulation

material), cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout, controlled low strength material…

Production of roofing sheets is performed in a close process, as such no release is expected.

Exposure Scenario (2)

Title of contributing ES Manufacture of slag construction material, abrasive material, roofing sheets,

raw mix component for clinker production, formulation and industrial use of

cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout, controlled low strength

material…

Sector of Use (SU) - Main user group 3 (industrial use)

Sector of Use (SU) - Main sector of end-use 13, 19

Product Categories (PC) 9a, 9b, UC 13, 49

Environmental release category (ERC) 3, 12a

Contributing exposure scenario (2) controlling environmental exposure

Product characteristics

Powder (high dustiness), granule (medium dustiness), solid/stones (low dustiness) and liquid are present. During the

crushing process the solid form is partly transformed in high and medium dustiness materials. Mixing with water results in

an aqueous solution.

Amounts used

964 ton/shift (worst case, maximum volume for all companies)

Frequency and duration of use

252 days (worst-case, minimum amount of days)

Environment factors not influenced by risk management

Flow rate of receiving surface water is set at the worst-case level of 18,000 m3/day (EUSES default). This results in a

dilution factor of 10. For the marine scenarios, a default dilution factor of 100 was used.

Other given operational conditions affecting environmental exposure

Outdoor and indoor operations.



Page 18 of 48

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release

Some processes are closed.

Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil

Release to water: If the local tonnage is less than 13,438 t no treatment is required. Otherwise water shall be treated. If

water is sent to a municipal water treatment plant, then 25,094 t is the maximum safe amount of Cu slag that can be

processed. Consequently on site treatment plant with 90% efficiency will result in a higher safe use tonnage up to

134,375 t.

These calculations are based upon EUSES modelling, supposing a worst-case dilution factor of 10 (resulting in a RCR of

0.9). An AVS (Acid Volatile sulphide) correction was considered based on a reasonable worst case AVS concentration of

0.8 µmol AVS/g dry weight.

Release to air: General or specific dust abatement systems are installed ., if not done outside. Water spraying can be used

to prevent diffuse emissions.

Organizational measures to prevent/Limit release from site

Environmental Management System (ISO 14001, EMAS)

Housekeeping and hygiene procedures:

- Work area, equipment and floors regularly cleaned

- Water spraying to suppressant dust formation

- Competence and Training:

- Activity should only be executed by specialists or authorized personnel.

- Regular training and instruction of workers

- Procedures for process control to minimize release/exposure

- Operating instructions and risk assesssment

Monitoring: Establish monitoring system to detect leaks and failures in cleaning equipment.

Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant

If waste water (effluent, runoff, or leaching water) is present, it should be directed to a municipal treatment plant if the

local tonnage is above 25,094 t

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal

Solid wastes generated from industrial sites are recovered or disposed as waste

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

None

Exposure Assessment - Environment PEClocal

** (Clocal + PECregional)

No treatment, On site treatment, Municipal treatment, Compartment Unit Metal

Safe tonnage

13 438 t

Safe tonnage

134 375 t

Safe tonnage

25 094 t

Cu 1.644 1.644 1.164

Pb 0.231 0.231 0.134

Exposure

concentration in

aquatic pelagic

µg/L

Ni 1.969 1.969 1.974



Page 19 of 48

Cd 0.020 0.020 0.018

Zn* 0.571(excl. PEC regional) 0.571(excl. PEC

regional) 0.795 (excl. PEC regional)

As 1.114 1.114 1.177

Cu 0 0 0

Pb 0 0 0

Cd 0 0 0

Ni 17.54 17.54 17.74

Zn* 46.48 46.48 47.3 (excl. PEC regional)

Exposure

concentration in

sediment

mg/k

g dw

As 10.78 10.78 11.74

Cu 12.001 12.001 12.852

Pb 15.002 15.002 15.69

Ni 14.0002 14.0002 14.042

Exposure

concentration in

agricultural soil

mg/k

g dw

Zn* 0.0071 (excl. PEC

regional)

0.0071 (excl. PEC

regional) 0.724 (excl. PEC regional)

Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES If the DU has higher tonnage or other OC/RMMs outside the OC/RMM specifications in the ES, then the DU can evaluate

whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES through scaling. The Metal EUSES calculator can be freely

downloaded from the ECI website or http://www.arche-consulting.be/Metal-CSA-toolbox/du-scaling-tool).

Contributing exposure scenario (2) controlling worker exposure

Title of contributing ES Handling, loading, unloading, un-packaging, mixing,

spreading, pouring

Process Categories (PROC) 10, 13, 26

Processes and activities covered

Handling, loading, unloading, un-packaging, mixing, spreading, pouring

Product characteristic

Physical state Powder (high dustiness), aqueous solution

Respirable (%) 16

Dustiness Trancho-bronchial (%) 36

Extra-thoracic (%) 48

Read-across from particle size distribution of airborne copper at the smelter, converter based on measured data.

The dustiness is only used to convert external copper concentrations to internal concentrations.



Page 20 of 48

Amounts used

Amounts used 320 t/shift

Frequency and duration of use/exposure

Duration 8h/day

Frequency 252d/year

Human factors not influenced by risk management

Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/day

Body weight 70kg

Other given operational conditions affecting workers exposure

Indoor/outdoor: Indoor/outdoor

Process temperature: ambient


Level of containment: Open system, can be closed

Level of automatisation: Manual tasks

Worker in separate control room with clean air supply no

Worker in cabin without specific ventilation system yes

No cabin yes

Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker

Presence of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) Yes if indoor

Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) No

Minimum efficiency of LEV 90%

Organisational measures to prevent /Limit releases, dispersion and exposure

Health and Safety Management System (OSHAS...)



- Prohibition of eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas

- Changing of contaminated clothes

- Provision of adequate facilities for washing, changing and storage of clothing

Competence and Training:




Monitoring:

- Establish monitoring system for exposure at the work place - personal air samplers or fixed measurements

- Establish appropriate health surveillance program

First aid instructions:

- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

- In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest.

- After contact with skin (molten metal), take off immediately all contaminated clothing and seek medical advice



Page 21 of 48

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Body protection Mandatory

Face/eye protection Not required

Respiratory protection Not required

Additional good practice advice beyond the REACH CSA

Hand protection Voluntary

Exposure Assessment

Long term exposure

Route Value Unit Justification

RCR

Inhalative Exposure

Cu 0.0367 mg/m3

Based on measured data, aInhalative, oral and dermal exposure of

Cu is considered, consequently a combined RCR for Cu is

determined. 0.06a

Pb 0.019 mg/m3 Based on measured data 0.39 – 0.13

As 0.0037 mg/m3 Based on extrapolation from measured data - relative contribution

towards Cu (cold process) 0.37 – 0.074

Ni 0.0070 mg/m3

Based on extrapolation from measured data - relative contribution

towards Cu (cold process) 0.139

Cd

0.000053

(0.00026

total)

mg/m3

Based on extrapolation from measured data - relative contribution

towards Cu (cold process) 0.013

Biological monitoring Exposure

No data given for this part of the ES. Biological monitoring exposure is a result of inhalative and dermal exposure.


Title of contributing ES Crushing, screening, classification

Process Categories (PROC) 24


Crushing, screening, classification


Physical state Powder (high dustiness)

Respirable (%) 16





Page 22 of 48



Amounts used



Duration 8h/day

Frequency 240d/year



Body weight 70kg


Indoor/outdoor: Mostly done indoors

Process temperature: Ambient


Level of containment: Closed process if indoors

Level of automatisation: Automated tasks

Worker in separate control room with clean air supply No

Worker in cabin without specific ventilation system Yes

No cabin Yes


Presence of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) Yes

Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) Yes/natural



Health and Safety Management System (OSHAS)










Monitoring:







Page 23 of 48




Hand protection Not required

Body protection Not required



Face/eye protection Voluntary

Exposure Assessment

Long term exposure


RCR

Inhalative Exposure

Cu 0.17 mg/m3 Based on measured data ,

0.23a

Pb 0.085 mg/m3 Based on measured data. 1.67 – 0.57 b

As 0.017 mg/m3 Based on measured data

RCR < 1 based on

blood measurements

(RCR = 1.67 – 0.34) c

Ni 0.032 mg/m3 Based on measured data and relative contribution towards Cu

(cold process) 0.65

Cd

0.00019

(0.0012

total)

mg/m3 Based on measured data and relative contribution towards Cu

(cold process) 0.047



Page 24 of 48


As 6.188

µg/g

creatinine

in urine

Based onmeasured data

0.206

Cd 0.369

µg/g

creatinine

in urine

Based on measured data

0.197

a Inhalative, oral and dermal exposure of Cu is considered, consequently a combined RCR for Cu is determined.

b According to the Pb CSR (table 14) there is a representative relationship in terms of a direct inhalation contribution to

lead in blood. It is suggested that exposure to 1 µg/m3 lead in air will most likely result in an increase in blood lead

between 0.02 and 0.08 µg/dL (relevant for occupational lead in blood >30 µg/dL). When the maximum slope factor (0.08

µg/dL) is applied, it will result in maximum 36,8 µg Pb /dL in blood. This is lower than the DNEL 40 µg/dL (non pregnant

adults). RMM are applied regarding pregnant women. Pregnant women are not allowed to work during the slow cooling

process. This is lower than the DNEL 40 µg/dL (non pregnant adults). RMM are applied regarding pregnant women.

Pregnant women are not allowed to work during the slow cooling process. c Blood concentration measurements are more

representative of the impact of a certain process on health than inhalation measurements. Consequently this process has no

risk for arsenic.


Title of contributing ES Drying



Drying



Respirable (%) 16





Amounts used



Duration 8h/day

Frequency 252d/year



Page 25 of 48



Body weight 70kg


Indoor/outdoor: Indoor/Outdoor

Process temperature: Around 110°C


Level of containment: Closed process if indoors

Level of automatisation: Automated tasks




Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) Yes/natural













Monitoring:








Body protection Mandatory




Page 26 of 48




Exposure Assessment

Long term exposure

Route Value Unit Justification RCR

Inhalative Exposure

Cu 0.028 mg/m3

Based on measured data and relative

distribution towards total dust (cold process)

0.05a

Pb 0.014 mg/m3 Based on measured data and relative

distribution towards total dust (cold process) 0.277

As 0.0028 mg/m3



Ni 0.0053 mg/m3



Cd

0.00029

(0.0019

total)

mg/m3 Based on measured data and relative



Biological monitoring exposure is a result of inhalative and dermal exposure;

aInhalative, oral and dermal exposure of Cu is considered, consequently a combined RCR for Cu is determined.

There is no risk for drying of Cu slag because the air measurements during this process give no risk for the selected trace

constituents. Therefore safe use can be demonstrated.


Title of contributing ES Storage



Storage



Respirable (%) 16





Page 27 of 48


Amounts used



Duration 8h/day

Frequency 260d/year



Body weight 70kg





Level of containment: Open process

Level of automatisation: Manual and automated tasks

Worker in cabin without specific ventilation system No

No cabin Yes


Presence of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) Yes if indoor

Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) No













Monitoring:









Page 28 of 48


Face/eye protection Not required

Hand protection Not required



Exposure Assessment

Long term exposure


RCR

Inhalative Exposure

OUTDOOR

Cu 0.0095 mg/m3 Based measured data and relative distribution towards total dust (cold

process) 0.02a

Pb 0.0048 mg/m3

Based measured data and relative distribution towards total dust (cold

process) 0.095 – 0.032

As 0.00095 mg/m3


process) 0.095 – 0.019

Ni 0.0018 mg/m3


process) 0.036

Cd

0.000015

(0.000067

total)

mg/m3


process) 0.017

INDOOR

Cu 0.025 mg/m3


process) 0.04a

Pb 0.0125 mg/m3


process) 0.25 – 0.083

As 0.0025 mg/m3


process) 0.25 – 0.05

Ni 0.0048 mg/m3


process) 0.077

Cd

0.000015

(0.00018

total)

mg/m3


process) 0.0055



Page 29 of 48


No data given: biological monitoring exposure is a result of inhalative and dermal exposure.


OUTDOOR

There is no risk for storage of the Cu slags outdoor because the air measurements during this process give no risk for the selected

trace constituents. However the minimum requirements for the amount of data points that should be used to adequately describe

the exposure of a process are not met. Data from one company might not be representative of a whole industrial sector but this

process is nonetheless representative for the same process (if outdoors) in the other companies. Consequently these data can be

used. This can be confirmed by the evaluation of the storage process in ES 1. Therefore safe use can be demonstrated.

INDOOR

There is no risk for storage of the Cu slags because the air measurements during this process give no risk for the selected trace

constituents. Therefore safe use can be demonstrated.


Title of contributing ES Clinker production



Slag as additive during clinker production – max 10% slag

Slag as additive during iron production in the blast smelting furnace.


Physical state: Molten state (Massive object)

Respirable (%) 12






Duration 8h/day

Frequency 240d/year



Body weight 70kg


Indoor/outdoor: Indoor

Process temperature: 1450°C



Page 30 of 48


Level of containment: Min 50% open system

Level of automatisation: Min. 90% automatisation with manual tasks



Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation Yes


Worker in separate control room with clean air supply Yes

Worker in cabin without specific ventilation system No

No cabin Yes



Regular inspection/maintenance of furnaces and ducts to ensure air tightness and prevent fugitive releases.










Monitoring:











Page 31 of 48




Respiratory protection Voluntary

Exposure Assessment

Long term exposure


Inhalative Exposure

Cu 0.0154 mg/m3 Based on MEASE prediction 0.03a

Pb 0.019 mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu (hot processes) 0.38 – 0.13

As 0.0042 mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu (hot processes) 0.42 – 0.084

Ni 0.0037 mg/m3

Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu (hot processes) 0.074

Cd 0.0011 mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu 0.28


There is no risk during the production of Cu slags because the air measurements during these processes give no risk for the

selected trace constituents. Therefore safe use can be demonstrated.



Page 32 of 48

Exposure Scenario 3: Use of slags in construction (road, embankment), for stabilization of mining

and quarries, in roofing and professional and consumer use of cement, hydraulic binder, concrete,

mortar, grout, controlled low strength material…


Title of contributing ES Use of slags in construction (road, embankment), for

stabilization of mining and quarries, in roofing and

professional and consumer use of cement, hydraulic

binder, concrete, mortar, grout, controlled low strength

material…

Sector of Use (SU) - Main user group 3, 21, 22

Sector of Use (SU) - Main sector of end-use 2a, 13, 19

Product Categories (PC) 9a, 9b, UC 13, 49

Environmental release category (ERC) 8f

Contributing exposure scenario controlling environmental exposure


Powder (high dustiness), granule (medium dustiness), solid/stones (low dustiness), liquid state (aqueous solution)

Duration

Temporarily works: typical one-time event, reasonable worst-case 100 days/year


Direct discharge of leftovers to wastewater or surface water should be avoided.

Use dust suppressant when potential for dust formation


Solid waste should be considered as construction waste and can be landfilled.

Exposure assessment

The environmental impact can be considered minor as the workers are supposed not to spill and work according to the best

practices. Direct discharge of leftovers to wastewater or surface water should be avoided (see organisational risk

management measures). Based on this qualitative assessment, safe use can be demonstrated.



Page 33 of 48

Contributing exposure scenario (3) controlling worker/professional/consumer exposure

Title of contributing ES Use of slags in construction (road, embankment), for

stabilization of mining and quarries, in roofing and

professional and consumer use of cement, hydraulic

binder, concrete, mortar, grout, controlled low strength

material…

Process Categories (PROC) 10, 19, 21, 26

Worker exposure will only be considered for the most critical exposure pattern (i.e. inhalation). Of all consumer uses, use

of cement is considered to have the worst-case exposure because the cement is in powder form and consumers may be

exposed to Cu slag dust/powder.


Handling, mixing/blending, spreading, hand mixing, placing/compacting


Powder is considered for this exposure scenario but multiple physical states are possible: powder (high dustiness), granule

(medium dustiness), solid/stones (low dustiness), liquid state (aqueous solution)

Cu slag concentrations in the product can vary from 1.5% (such as cement/concrete additive) to 100% (such as in

embankment applications). See table below for main applications:

Application Purpose Amount used

Cement Concrete-

Aggregate

Provide structural and bearing capacity

for pavement

80 to 90 percent by weight of the concrete

structure

Cement Concrete-

Admixtures

Additive or to replace portion of cement 15 to 50 % by weight of cement, which

constitutes about 1.5 to 5 % of concrete

structure

Aggregates Provide structural or bearing capacity

for overlying burden

Can constitute up to 100 percent by weight of

the Base /Subbase

Embankment and

Fill Materials

Provide structural or bearing capacity

for overlying burden

Can constitute up to 100 percent by weight of

structure of the embankment or fill structure

Amounts used

Not relevant for the exposure assessment


Duration 8h/day

Frequency 200d/year



Body weight 70kg


Indoor/outdoor: Outdoor

Process temperature: Ambient



Page 34 of 48


Level of containment: Open system


Worker in separate control room with clean air supply no


No cabin yes


Presence of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) No

Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation No (Yes if indoor)

Cover or Dust Suppressant

Dust Control Equipment, cleaning equipment- bag filter for drying, burning







None


None

Exposure assessment

The use of cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout, controlled low strength material… is the most critical one as

the user is directly exposed to the slags through mixing, spreading, etc. As the handling, loading, unloading, un-

packaging, mixing, spreading and pouring process during the manufacture of slag construction/abrasive material have

been assessed as a safe process (ES 2), therefore the same processes are to be considered safe during the use of slag.

This can be confirmed by air measurements during the construction of a bicycle road. The material used was granulated

slag

Long term exposure

Route Unit Justification Value RCR

Inhalative Exposure

Cu mg/m3 Based on measured data 0.0019 0.001 a

Pb mg/m3 Based on measured data

0.001 0.02 – 0.0067

As mg/m3 Based on measured data

0.00019 0.019 –

0.0038

Ni mg/m3 Based on measured data

0.000361 0.0067

Cd mg/m3 Based on measured data

0.000013 0.0031



Page 35 of 48


No data given for the storage process.


Safe use can be demonstrated.

Contributing exposure scenario (3) controlling worker/professional/consumer exposure

Title of contributing ES Hand mixing of cement

The consumer exposure due to hand mixing of cement is expected to be smaller than the worker/professional exposure

because the same OC/RMMs apply except the quantities are much smaller for consumer use. The DNELs for consumers

were not explicitly assessed but are not more than a factor of 2 smaller than the occupational DNELs (because the

difference between the assessment factor for workers versus general population is 2).Safe use can be demonstrated for

worker, professional and consumer.

The inhalation for Cu is estimated by means of MEASE (1% of Cu in mixture (pure slag), medium dustiness,

professional use, duration of exposure 60-240 minutes, wide dispersive use, without any RMM) and is estimated at 0.5

mg/m3. According to CEMBUREAU (1999), per ton of cement 0.14 ton of mineral additions are added. The Cu

inhalation is consequently 0.07 (0.5 *0.14) mg/m3.

Long term exposure

Route Unit Justification Value RCR

Inhalative Exposure

Cu mg/m3 MEASE 0.07 0.12 a

Pb mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu – cold process 0.035 0.5 – 0.167

As mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu – cold process 0.007 0.7 – 0.14

Ni mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu – cold process 0.0133 0.266

Cd mg/m3 Based on "analogous process" approach by extrapolating from

measured data - relative distribution towards Cu – cold process 0.00049 0.123




Page 36 of 48

Exposure Scenario 4: Use of slags as abrasive agent


Title of contributing ES Use of slags as abrasive agent

Sector of Use (SU) - Main user group 22

Sector of Use (SU) - Main sector of end-use 13

Product Categories (PC) 14. 15

Environmental release category (ERC) 12b

Contributing exposure scenario controlling environmental exposure


Powder (high dustiness) – Granule (Medium dustiness)

Amounts used

3.85 ton/shift (worst case, maximum volume for all companies)

Frequency and duration of use

220 days (worst-case, minimum amount of days)


Flow rate of receiving surface water is set at the worst-case level of 18,000 m3/day (EUSES default). This results in a

dilution factor of 10. For the marine scenarios, a default dilution factor of 100 was used.


Outdoor and indoor operations

Blasting takes place in a closed box (booth).


Environmental Management System (ISO 14001. EMAS)



- Water spraying to suppressant dust formation

- Competence and Training:





Cu slag as abrasive material can be recycled several times.

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

None



Page 37 of 48

Exposure Assessment

The sand blasting material is typically reused during blasting (Ahlstedt, 2003). Since sand blasting is conducted in a

closed system (use in blast cabinet, blast room with air tightness to prevent escape of dust, see risk management

measures), there is negligible environmental releases and exposure.

The generic maximum safe tonnage demonstrating safe use of sand blasting (regarding air emissions, no emissions to

water) is 34,297,251 tonnes/year. This covers 100% of the downstream users.

These calculations are based upon EUSES modelling, resulting in a RCR of 0.9

Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES

If the DU has higher tonnage or other OC/RMMs outside the OC/RMM specifications in the ES, then the DU can evaluate

whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES through scaling. The Metal EUSES calculator can be freely

downloaded from the ECI website or http://www.arche-consulting.be/Metal-CSA-toolbox/du-scaling-tool).


Environment: Wet abrasive blasting can be an alternative for dry abrasive blasting to eliminate the amount of dust

generated during surface preparation. If a wet blasting technique is not feasible, installing a water hose to wet down the

dust at the point of generation can be useful.


Title of contributing ES Use of slags as abrasive agent

Process Categories (PROC) 7. 11


Use of slags as abrasive agent


Physical state Powder (high dustiness) – Granule (Medium dustiness)

Respirable (%) 16





Amounts used

Amounts used 3.85 t/shift


Duration 8h/day

Frequency 260d/year



Page 38 of 48



Body weight 70kg





Blast cabinet - The operator blasts the parts from the outside the cabinet, viewing the part through a view

window.Typically, turning the blast on and off is done using a foot pedal.

Blast Room - Larger version of a blast cabinet with the exception that the blast operator works inside the room

Level of containment: Closed: use in blast cabinet, blast room. Air tightness to

prevent escape of dust. Enclosure must be adequately ventilated.


Worker in separate control room with clean air supply: Yes, reduce dust deposits and dispersion by maintaining a

minimum air speed of 25 cm/s in the booth


Presence of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV?) Yes if indoors

Presence of General Exhaust Ventilation Yes













Limited number of reuse of sand blasting material as the matrix degrades with each usage of recycled slag and a shift of

particle size is likely to happen after many cycles of reused material.


Respiratory protection and eye protection Positive pressure blast hood with a view window and an air feed hose

(grade D air supply)

Body protection Usually consists of gloves and overalls or a leather coat and chaps.

Hand protection yes

RPE effectiveness 99.9%



Page 39 of 48


Following good work practices can be followed to minimize the risk of exposure to toxic air contaminants:

- Scheduling blasting when the least number of people would be exposed;

- Blasting in a specified location that is as far away as possible from other employees;

- Stopping other work and clearing people away while blasting is taking place;

- Cleaning up chips, dust and used abrasive daily or as soon as possible after blasting has finished;

- Avoiding blasting in windy conditions; and

- Post warning signs to mark the boundaries of work areas contaminated with blasting dust and alerting

employees to the hazard and any required PPE.

Good personal hygiene practices to limit exposure to abrasive blasting dust include the following:

- Prohibiting eating, drinking, using tobacco products, or applying cosmetics in abrasive blasting areas;

- Washing hands and face before eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics;

- Showering before leaving the worksite;

- Changing into clean clothing before leaving the worksite; and

- Parking cars where they will not be contaminated with abrasive blasting dust.

Exposure Assessment

Long term exposure


Inhalative Exposure

Cu 0.00229

(2.29 without RP) mg/m3 Based on relative distribution towards Cu (cold process) 0.01

Pb 0.00282

(2.82 without RP) mg/m3 75P Stephenson et al (2002) 0.0564 – 0.0188

As 0.00057

(0.57 without RP) mg/m3 75P Stephenson et al (2002) 0.057 – 0.0114

Ni 0.00055

(0.55 without RP) mg/m3 Based on relative distribution towards Cu (cold process) 0.011

Cd 0.00017 (0.17 total

without RP) mg/m3 Based on relative distribution towards Cu (cold process) 0.0425


No data provided.

acombined RCR for Cu.Inhalative, oral and dermal

The worker needs full PPE incl. respiratory equipment (P3). This results in an efficiency of in total 99.9%.

http://solutions.3mnederland.nl/wps/portal/3M/nl_NL/OccSafety/Home/Customer_Services/FAQs/

Safe use can be demonstrated.



Page 40 of 48

Exposure Scenario 5: Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads and mines, in roofing, cement,

hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout…


Title of contributing ES Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads

and mines, in roofing, cement, hydraulic binder, concrete,

mortar, grout…

Sector of Use (SU) - Main user group /

Sector of Use (SU) - Main sector of end-use 19

Product Categories (PC) /

Environmental release category (ERC) 10a



Embankments: Copper slag stones are put as a protection layer with defined thickness

Based on the mass fraction that passes the mesh size (Asphalt-labor, 2010), a grain size distribution can be calculated:

Mesh size (mm) Mass fraction that passed the mesh size

360 100

250 100

180 63

125 12

90 2

63 1

45 0

31.5 0

22.4 0

According to these data the following grain size distribution can be derived:

45 - 63 mm: 1%w

63 - 90 mm: 1%w

90 - 125 mm: 10%w

125 - 180 mm: 51%w

180 - 250 mm: 37%w



Page 41 of 48

Amounts used

Surface loading embankments:

Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (1996)

German report of port channel in Germany 0.00037 m2/L

Peute Baustoff GmbH (2010)

Slag used on both sides of embankment Small channel: 0.000139 m2/L

Big channel: 0.000049 m2/L

Slag used on one side of embankment Small channel: 0.000071 m2/L

Slag used on both sides of embankment + channel bed Small channel: 0.00032 m2/L


Only embankments down to 2m below water line Small channel: 0.00007 m2/L


Slag used on one side embankment down to 2m below water line Small channel: 0.000035 m2/L


Roofs:

Surface of average roof 150m2

Thickness 1mm

Roads:

Lidelöw & Mácsik (2008)

Length 100 m

Breadth 5.8 m

Depth 500 mm

Frequency and duration of use/exposure from service life

Continuous


Flow rate of receiving surface water is set at the worst-case level of 18,000 m3/day (EUSES default). This results in a dilution

factor of 10. For the marine scenarios, a default dilution factor of 100 was used.

A correction for copper binding in the sediment compartment was considered : a default AVS (acid volatile sulphides)

concentration of 2.5 µmol AVS/ g dry weight is considered as a default value.


Indoor/outdoor but mainly outdoor

Embankment:

Peute Baustoff GmbH (2010)

Small channel (trapezoid profile)

Waterdepth 4.0 m

Embankment inclination 1:3

Soilbreadth 31.0 m

Waterlevel breadth 55.0 m



Page 42 of 48

Cross section surface 172 m2

Big channel

Waterdepth 11 m

Embankment inclination 1:3

Soilbreadth 90 m

Waterlevel breadth 162 m

Cross section surface 1.353 m2

Roofs:

3,333 houses in an urban area (based on 10,000 inhabitants (EUSES default) with an average of 3 persons per house)

Roof surface of 150m2

Average annual rainfall of 700 L/m2

Based on data for an average village its is considered that 15% of the surface area is occuped by houses.

Effluent rate in sewage itself is based on an averaged wastewater flow of 200 l per person per day

Roads:

Lidelöw & Mácsik (2008)

The road has an annual average daily traffic (ADT) of 800 vehicles (~5% heavy vehicles). The sub-base is built on a sub-grade

containing sulphide soil (silty clay to clay) with the exception of the test section with BFS. The groundwater surface lies 1-2 m

below the road surface. The cleaned slag used as a sub-base has a particle size of 0-5 mm (95% < 2 mm).

The standard depth of the soil compartment is 0.2 m (R16 REACH guidance).


Use of Cu slags in roads: pavement encapsulation, use only as a sub layer.

Use of Cu slags in embankments: minimize porosity



Page 43 of 48

Exposure assessment

For the environmental exposure, different identified uses are selected as a worst-case for different environmental

subgroups (surface water, soil and the STP).

1) Surface water – Service life of Cu slag in embankments

For the surface water, service life of Cu slags in embankments was selected as the use with the highest exposure potential to

pose a risk to the aquatic and sediment compartment. The other service life uses will result in lower releases to the aquatic

environment and can be considered as safe uses if safe use for service life of Cu slags in embankments can be demonstrated.

A) Dynamic conditions

A risk characterisation ratio (RCR) can be calculated as the sum of Clocal, water and PECregional (0,88 µg/L) and divided by the

PNEC for copper of 7.8 µg/L.

These RCR can be found for Mittellandkanal in the following table.

g/L 1 km slag 25 km slag 50 km slag 100 km slag 200 km slag 300 km slag

12,5 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.23

25 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.35

50 0.11 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.43 0.59

100 0.12 0.19 0.27 0.43 0.75 1.07

200 0.12 0.27 0.43 0.75 1.39 2.03

300 0.12 0.35 0.59 1.07 2.03 2.98

400 0.13 0.43 0.75 1.39 2.66 3.94

500 0.13 0.51 0.91 1.71 3.30 4.90

600 0.13 0.59 1.07 2.03 3.94 5.85

And for the Nord-Ostsee-Kanal RCR are listed in this table:

g/L 1km slag 25 km slag 50 km slag 100km slag

12,5 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14

25 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.18

50 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.24

100 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.36

200 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.61

300 0.12 0.30 0.49 0.87

400 0.12 0.36 0.61 1.12

500 0.13 0.43 0.74 1.37

600 0.13 0.49 0.87 1.62

Since the Cu slag embankment length it is not known, a length of 50km is proposed as reasonable worst-case length.

Following this approach, there is no risk determined for Nord-Ostsee-Kanal since at the maximum mass loading and a length

of 50km, the RCR is 0.87. For the Mittellandkanal a maximum mass loading of 500 g/L will results in a RCR of 0.91.

Consequently safe use can be demonstrated for these loadings.



Page 44 of 48

RCR for Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (1996) is 0.73. In this report the length of the imaginary Cu slag embankment is

14km.

The maximum amounts of Cu slag that can be used for embankment are calculated for different channel/river flow rate (see

exposure estimation).

In real field situations, the amounts used for Cu slag embankment are below the maximum amounts that can be safely used,

which are confirmed by industry.

B) Static conditions

The risk characterisation ratios (RCR) are calculated by dividing the Cu slag surface loading from realistically dimensioned

channels (“PEC”) by the PNEC (predicted no effect concentration, expressed as surface loading). The PNEC used is 0.000419

m2 embankment /L water. All scenarios result in ratios below 1 demonstrating safe use.

Scenarios

“PEC” Small

channel

m2 embankment /

L

“PEC” Big

channel

m2 embankment /

L

RCR

Small

channel

RCR Big

channel

Slag used on both sides of

embankment 0.000139 0.0000487 0.33 0.12

Slag used on one side of

embankment 0.00007 / 0.17 /

Slag used on both sides of

embankment + channel bed 0.00032 0.00016 0.76 0.38

Only embankments down to 2m

below water line 0.00007 0.0000087 0.17 0.02

Slag used on one side embankment

down to 2m below water line 0.000035 0.0000044 0.08 0.011

Havel channel Germany 0.00037 0.88

Hamburg Teufelbrück (Elbe river) 0.0000046 0.01

Wedel (Elbe river) 0.0000038 0.009

Glückstadt (Elbe river) 0.0000019 0.005

Cuxhaven (Elbe river) 0.0000017 0.004

2) Sediment-Service life of Cu slag in embankments

A) Dynamic conditions

The PNEC sediment (AVS corrected) (77 mg/kgdw, at standard organic carbon content of 2%) can be compared to the PEC sediment (AVS

corrected).

- At an AVS level of 0.8 µmol/g dry weight and surface water concentration of 3.91 µg Cu/L (example from table 59)

an “available” sediment copper level of 80 mg Cu/kg dry sediment was calculated (including a background of 14 mg

Cu/kg dry weight). No copper is available at typical AVS levels of respectively 5 and 7.8 µmol AVS/g dry weight.

No risks are therefore expected for typical AVS simulations, a minor potential risk (RCR of 1.03) is calculated at 0.8

µmol AVS/kg dry weight



Page 45 of 48

- At an AVS level of 0.8 µmol/g dry weight and surface water concentration of 4.89 µg Cu/L (example from table 59)

an “available” sediment copper level of 109 mg Cu/kg dry sediment (including a background of 14 mg Cu/kg dry

weight) was calculated. No copper is available at typical AVS levels of respectively 5 and 7.8 µmol AVS/g dry

weight and no risk is expected when typical AVS concentrations prevail . When worst case AVS conditions (0.8

µmol AVS/g dry weight) are assumed, a risk ratio of 1.4 is calculated - Assuming an AVS level of 2.5 µmol/g dry weight and surface water concentration of 6.9 µg Cu/L (water PNEC,

0.88 µg Cu/L background sutracted), an “available” sediment copper level of 74 mg Cu/kg dry sediment is

calculated and no risks are observed.

From the sediment risk characterisation, it can therefore be concluded that for a surface water with a typical sediment,

the water compartment will drive the risk characterisation.

If the sediment AVS concentration is <2.5 µmol AVS/g dry weight the sediment compartment drives the risk charcaterisation.

If such conditions prevail, maximum acceptable loadings are to be revised.charcaterisation.

3. Soil – Service life of Cu slag in road constructions

For the soil, service life of Cu slags as sub-layer in road construction was selected as the use with the highest exposure

potential to the terrestrial compartment. The other service life uses will result in lower releases to the soil environment. If it is

assumed that leachate from the road dilutes to an area next to the road as large as the road itself (which is worst-case as lateral

diffusion in soil is minimal), then safe use can be demonstrated.

Contributing exposure scenario (5) controlling indirect environmental exposure

Title of contributing ES Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads and mines, in

roofing, cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout…

Long term exposure

Constituent Clocal, soil FOREGS Unit PNEC RCR Justification

Cu 2.9 12 mg/kg dw 61 0.24 Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008)

Pb 0.006 15 mg/kg dw 147 0.1 Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008)

Ni 1.03 14 mg/kg dw 29.9 0.5 Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008)

Zn 7.37 48 mg/kg dw 78 0.09 Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008)

4. Sewage Treatment Plant – Service Life of Cu slag in roofing

A local wide dispersive urban use scenario was developed. As a worst-case scenario, the use of Cu slags in roofing was

selected. As an reasonable worst-case assessment, 70% of all roofs of an urban area are assumed to be covered with slag

roofing sheets. Roofing sheets have a top layer of Cu slag.

For sediment, an AVS correction was also considered


Title of contributing ES Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads and mines, in

roofing, cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar, grout…

Release to STP



Page 46 of 48

Metal Worst case

release (TDp, 7d ,

100 mg/L )

Release, run off

roof, day

Release, run off

roof, day

C local inluent,

stp

C local effluent, stp

Unit µg /L µg /g/day µg /m2 µg /L µg /L

Cu 6.6 9.43 85.71 4.63 0.93

Pb 3.9 5.57 50.65 2.74 0.44

Ni 1.1 1.57 14.29 0.77 0.46

Zn 18 25.71 233.7 10.68 7.91



Page 47 of 48

Release to surface water after STP

Metal PEC local, fresh water PEC local, marine water

Unit µg /L µg /L

Cu 0.093 0.009

Pb 0.044 0.004

Ni 0.046 0.005

Zn 0.791 0.079

Metal PEClocal, sediment, fresh water

AVS corrected

PEClocal, sediment, marine water

AVS corrected

Unit µg /L µg /L

Cu 0 0

Pb 0 0

Ni 1.19 0

Zn 40.57 0

Contributing exposure scenario (5) controlling consumer for indirect exposure of humans via

the environment

Title of contributing ES Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads

and mines, in roofing, cement, hydraulic binder, concrete,

mortar, grout…

Process Categories (PROC) /


Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads and mines, in roofing, cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar,

grout…

Product (article) characteristic

Copper slag stones are put as a protection layer with defined thickness


Continuous



Page 48 of 48



Body weight 70kg


Indoor/outdoor: Outdoor


Exposure Assessment

Inhalation, dermal and direct oral exposure of Cu slags to consumers during service life is considered to be negligible.

Leachate of roads with Cu slags as sub base can potentially contaminate groundwater. Consequently, indirect exposure to

man via the environment is considered to be the worst-case human exposure pathway of all exposure routes

Contributing exposure scenario (5) controlling exposure for consumer and indirect exposure

of humans via the environment

Title of contributing ES Service life of slag in embankments and quarries, roads and

mines, in roofing, cement, hydraulic binder, concrete, mortar,

grout…

Long term exposure

Route Value Unit Justification Oral DNEL RCR

Oral Exposure

Cu 1.3 mg/L Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008) Internal DNEL:

0.04075 0.68

Pb 0.003 mg/L Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008) 0.25 mg/day 0.024

As 0.009 mg/L Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008) 0.01 mg/L 0.9

Ni 0.46 mg/L Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008) 77 mg/day 0.012

Cd 0.0008 mg/L Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008) 5 µg/L 0.16

Zn 3.3 mg/L Lidelöw&Mácsik (2008) 21 mg/day 0.314

___________

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Annex 3

SUB-COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND CONTAINERS · 2018-07-27 · CCC 5/INF.22 Annex 1, page 2...

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