Sub 1.1 - The Importance Of

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BIOLOGY FORM 5BIOLOGY FORM 5


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The Importance of Having a Transport System inThe Importance of Having a Transport System inSome Multicellular OrganismsSome Multicellular Organisms

The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

The Mechanism of Blood ClottingThe Mechanism of Blood Clotting The Lymphatic SystemThe Lymphatic System The Role of the Circulatory System in the BodysThe Role of the Circulatory System in the Bodys

Defence MechanismDefence Mechanism

Appreciating a Healthy Cardiovascular SystemAppreciating a Healthy Cardiovascular System The Transport of Substances in PlantsThe Transport of Substances in Plants The Transport of Organic Substances & Water inThe Transport of Organic Substances & Water in

PlantsPlants

SUBTOPICS


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LEARNING OUTCOMESLEARNING OUTCOMES ::

To identifyTo identify the problem that could bethe problem that could befaced by multicellular organismsfaced by multicellular organisms ininobtaining their cellular requirementsobtaining their cellular requirements& getting rid of their waste products& getting rid of their waste products

To suggestTo suggest how the problem ishow the problem isovercomeovercome in multicellular organismsin multicellular organisms

1.11.1 -- The Importance of HavingThe Importance of Having

a Transport System in Somea Transport System in SomeMulticellular OrganismsMulticellular Organisms


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1.11.1 -- The Importance of Having aThe Importance of Having aTransport System in Some MulticellularTransport System in Some Multicellular

OrganismsOrganisms

All living organisms needAll living organisms needto constantly exchangeto constantly exchange

substances between cellssubstances between cells& their external& their externalenvironment (food, wasteenvironment (food, waste

& gases).& gases).

All this process isAll this process isperformed by aperformed by a transporttransport

system.system.


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Small organisms have aSmall organisms have a large total surface arealarge total surface areato volume (TSA/V) ratioto volume (TSA/V) ratio. So, diffusion of. So, diffusion of

substances occurs rapidly (substances occurs rapidly (short distance onlyshort distance only).

).

Some simple organisms such as flatworms have thinSome simple organisms such as flatworms have thin

flatten bodiesflatten bodies

provide a large surface areaprovide a large surface area

InIn HydraHydra, water enters through the mouth into the, water enters through the mouth into thebody cavity. As the body wall is only two cell layersbody cavity. As the body wall is only two cell layers

thick, substances can move rapidly into or out ofthick, substances can move rapidly into or out ofthe body cells.the body cells.

Do not requireDo not require a specialised internal transporta specialised internal transport

systemsystem


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Larger organisms,Larger organisms, increased need forincreased need formoremore nutrientsnutrients && oxygenoxygen to be suppliedto be supplied toto

the larger number of cells. Need tothe larger number of cells. Need toexcrete moreexcrete more wastewaste products.products.

The size increases, TSA/V ratioThe size increases, TSA/V ratiodecreases.decreases.

Many of theMany of the body cells are toobody cells are too far awayfar awayfrom the external surface or betweenfrom the external surface or between

different parts of the body.different parts of the body.

Simple diffusion occurs atSimple diffusion occurs at too slowtoo slow a ratea rateto sustain cellular activities.to sustain cellular activities.


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Larger multicellular organisms haveLarger multicellular organisms haveadapted by developingadapted by developing specialisedspecialisedstructuresstructures to increase the surface area forto increase the surface area forexchange of substances.exchange of substances.

Have developed anHave developed an internal transportinternal transportsystemsystem of vessels or tubes.of vessels or tubes.

In human & more complex animals, thereIn human & more complex animals, thereis development of ais development of a blood circulationblood circulationsystemsystem to carry the substances.to carry the substances.

In plants, transport of substances isIn plants, transport of substances iscarried out by thecarried out by the vascular systemvascular system (xylem(xylem& phloem).& phloem).


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EXPERIMENT 1.1 :EXPERIMENT 1.1 : DeterminingDeterminingthe relationship between total surfacethe relationship between total surface

area to volume ratio & its effect on thearea to volume ratio & its effect on therate of diffusionrate of diffusion

AIM :AIM : To determine the relationship betweenTo determine the relationship between

TSA/V ratio & its effect on the rate of diffusionTSA/V ratio & its effect on the rate of diffusion PROBLEM STATEMENTPROBLEM STATEMENT : What is the effect of: What is the effect ofTSA/V ratio on the rate of diffusion ofTSA/V ratio on the rate of diffusion ofsubstances?substances?

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS : the larger the size of the: the larger the size of theobject, the smaller the total surface area toobject, the smaller the total surface area tovolume ratio & the lower the rate of diffusionvolume ratio & the lower the rate of diffusion


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VARIABLESVARIABLES : Manipulated: Manipulated size of potato cubes,size of potato cubes,RespondingResponding Area stained relative to totalArea stained relative to total

surface area of cut surface, Fixedsurface area of cut surface, Fixed red inkred inksolution, potatosolution, potato

MATERIALMATERIAL : potatoes, coloured solution: potatoes, coloured solution APPARATUS : 400 ml beaker, white tile, knife,APPARATUS : 400 ml beaker, white tile, knife,

ruler & forcep.ruler & forcep.

PROCEDUREPROCEDURE ::

A knife is used to cut 3 potato cubes with theA knife is used to cut 3 potato cubes with thedimensions 1cm x 1cm x 1cm, 2cm x 2cm x 2cm, 4cmdimensions 1cm x 1cm x 1cm, 2cm x 2cm x 2cm, 4cmx 4cm x4cmx 4cm x4cm

The 3 potato cubes are immersed in coloured solutionThe 3 potato cubes are immersed in coloured solutionfor 30 minutesfor 30 minutes


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PROCEDURE (cont)PROCEDURE (cont)

The potato cubes are removed from theThe potato cubes are removed from thebeaker. Each potato is cut in half. The regionbeaker. Each potato is cut in half. The regionstained by the colour solution are observed.stained by the colour solution are observed.


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RESULT :RESULT :AA BB CC

Original length (cm)Original length (cm) 11 22 44

Original width (cm)Original width (cm) 11 22 44

Original height (cm)Original height (cm) 11 22 44

Total surface areaTotal surface area(cm2)(cm2)

Volume (cm3)Volume (cm3)

TSA/V ratioTSA/V ratio

Relative rate of diffusionRelative rate of diffusion


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DISCUSSION :DISCUSSION :

Answer the questions inside the practical bookAnswer the questions inside the practical bookpage 3page 3

CONCLUSION :CONCLUSION : Make your own conclusionMake your own conclusion


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ENDEND

OFOF

SUBTOPIC 1.1SUBTOPIC 1.1

OPPSDONT FORGET TO COPYOPPSDONT FORGET TO COPYEXERCISE ON THE NEXT PAGE!!EXERCISE ON THE NEXT PAGE!!


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EXERCISE 1.1EXERCISE 1.11.1. StateState twotwo problems faced by multicellularproblems faced by multicellular

organisms in obtaining their cellularorganisms in obtaining their cellular

requirements & removing waste product.requirements & removing waste product.

2.2. State how these problems are overcomeState how these problems are overcomein multicellular organisms.in multicellular organisms.

3.3. Explain why unicellular organisms do notExplain why unicellular organisms do not

face the problems listed in (Q1).face the problems listed in (Q1).


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Iyah..iyah.

.Iyah.

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