IACP LEIM Conference

San Diego, CA

20 May, 2015

Don Roby, Training Program ManagerAirborne Law Enforcement Association

Alan Frazier, Deputy SheriffGrand Forks County Sheriff’s Department

sUAS: Where are We Now?

Don Roby• Member of the Baltimore County Police Department for 34-years.• Current Chair of the IACP Aviation Committee (For the past 3.5-

years and a member of the committee for 17-years)• Commander of Aviation Unit for 12-years• Training Program Manager for the Airborne Law Enforcement

Association (Frederick, MD)• Secretary for the Public Safety Aviation Accreditation Commission

Al Frazier-FAA Airline Transport Pilot

*Airplanes (single and multi), helicopters, gliders*CFII. FAA FAAST Team Representative*sUAS Operator: Draganfly X6/X4ES, AV Raven and Qube

-Former Officer-in Charge, Glendale PD Air Support Unit

-Associate Professor, UND Aerospace

-35 year law enforcement veteran*2 years Smyrna PD (TN)*28 years Glendale PD (CA)*Current Grand Forks (ND) Deputy

Something to Think About

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Topics of Discussion• Review the Missions and Applications of sUAS• Intro to FAA Certificate of Authorization Process• Review FAA Notice of Proposed Rule Making • Review the IACP Model Policy for the use of small

unmanned aircraft by law enforcement• Policy issues for non-law enforcement use of sUAS

(news media, real estate companies, tools of the crime, etc…)

• Questions and Answers

About the Committee• Committee is made up of IACP members from all levels of Law

Enforcement (Federal, State and Local). We also have members on the committee from the aviation industry.

• The IACP Aviation Committee’s involvement in the sUAS issue pre-dates the development and release of the IACP “Guidelines” and the new Model Policy.

• In 2005, committee members participated in the first NIJ/FAA sUAS conference at Nellis AFB in Las Vegas, Nevada. Created the Technical Aviation Working Group (TAWG).

• In 2008, committee members were selected to participate in the FAA rulemaking committee for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

About the Committee• Committee members participated in on-site evaluations of devices,

technology research projects and high-level meetings with the FAA and other Federal officials regarding the integration of sUAS technology into the National Airspace (NAS).

• Part of the DHS Airworthiness Study of sUAS at Oklahoma City, OK. • The committee has also worked closely with the Airborne Law

Enforcement Association, NSA Aviation Committee, National Fire Chiefs Association, the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) and other related groups.

This is not a Small Unmanned Aircraft System!

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What are “Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems” ?

• Remotely controlled airplanes, helicopters, and airships

• Less than 55 lbs gross weight (ARC* recommendation)

• Less than 87 knots top speed (ARC recommendation)

• Capable of downlinking data– Still pictures– Video– FLIR– Environmental sampling

*Aviation Rulemaking Committee

Draganflyer X4ES• Specifications:

– Weight: 5.5 lbs– Max speed: 30 mph– Range: 1 mile– Operating altitudes: 100-500’ AGL(service ceiling 14,000’)– Length: 36”– Width: 36”– Height: 10”

• Operational Details:– 4 rotor helicopter– Endurance: 20 mins– Payloads: still, video, IR, low light (LUX) cameras– Cost: Approx. $25,000 (LE system including A/C, base station and camera)

Aerovironment Raven• Specifications:

– Weight: 4.2 lbs– Max speed: 50 mph– Range: 4.4 miles– Operating altitudes: 100-500’ AGL(service ceiling 14,000’)– Length: 3’– Wingspan: 4.5’

• Operational Details:– Hand launched– Endurance: 60-90 mins (rechargeable battery); 80-110 mins (single use battery)– Payloads: Still and video cameras (HD and IR). HAZMAT “sniffer” pod– Cost: Approx. $175,000 (System including 3 aircraft and control station)

Aerovironment Qube• Specifications:

– Weight: 5.5 lbs– Max speed: 30– Range: 0.6 miles– Operating altitudes: 100-500’ AGL– Length: 3’

• Operational Details:– Auto takeoff and touchscreen camera aiming– Endurance: 40 mins– Payload: Still and video cameras (EO HD and IR). – Cost: Approx. $50,000 (System including 1 aircraft and ground control station)

Why Use Unmanned Aircraft?

• 18,000 local and state law enforcement agencies

• Less than 220 have use manned aircraft

• Helicopter costs: $1.8M+ and $575+ per hour

• UAS costs: $30K and $20 per hour

• 1/3 of the missions of a helo for less than 2% of purchase cost and less than 4% of operating cost

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Law Enforcement Applications– Routine response to calls for service

• Crimes in progress (containments)• Searches for persons (good and bad guys)• Accident and crime scene photography• Alarm calls (fenced areas and roof checks)

– Special operations• Crowd and traffic control at special events• Pre-raid reconnaissance and intelligence gathering• Marijuana eradication field grid searches• Disaster assessment• Hazmat and radiological sampling/monitoring

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One Old Cop’s Vision for sUAS in LE

• Routine Deployment (K-9 team model)– Patrol officers cross-trained as UAS operators– UAS stored in patrol vehicle– On-duty UAS operator responds to incident and evaluates– Launches and operates UAS if appropriate– Available to handle non-UAS calls

• Special Operations Deployment– Special operations officers trained as UAS operators– Or, patrol UAS operator detailed to assist SWAT

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LE Agencies Using sUAS• 35+ Law Enforcement FAA COAs• Known Operational Units:

– Orange County, FL Sheriff’s (Draganflyer X6)– Arlington, TX PD (Leptron Avenger Helo)– Mesa County, CO SO (Draganflyer X4ES Helo and Falcon)– Miami/Dade County, FL (Honeywell MAV)– Canyon County, ID SO (Draganflyer X6 Helo)– Queen Anne’s County, MD SO (AeroVironment Wasp)– Montgomery County MD SO (Aeryon Sky Ranger Helo) – Grand Forks, ND SO (Draganflyer X4ES Helo, AV Qube Helo, and AV Raven)– Medina County, OH SO (Vista UAS Helo)– Ventura County, CA SO (AeroVironment Qube Helo)– North Little Rock, AR PD (Rotomotion SR30 Helo)– Illinois State Police (Draganflyer X4ES Helo)– Michigan State Police (Aeryon Sky Ranger Helo)

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DATE TIME LOCATION A/C PILOT TASK TEMP WIND COMMENTS

1 3 May 13 0800 Minto, ND X6 FRAZ 1 55 Calm Search flooded river for drowning victim2 12 May 13 1850 Minto, ND Qube TSCH 1 60 Calm Search low-head dam for drowning victim3 21 May 13 1550 Manvel, ND Qube TSCH 1 89 10 Search for walk-away from rollover TA4 21 Aug 13 1040 Grand Forks, ND Qube TSCH

FRAZ4 81 8 Photos of train vs. utility vehicle collision

5 30 Aug 13 1700 Arvilla, ND Qube FRAZTSCH

7 86 Calm Photos of river bank erosion mitigation and historic buildings

6 24 Sept 13 1845 Finley, ND Qube TSCH 2 67 Calm Search for 2 felony suspects (auto theft/child molestation)

7 3 Oct 13 1520 Grand Forks, ND Qube TSCH 3 55 10 Photos and video of sexual assault scene

8 19 Nov 13 1545 Grand Forks, ND Qube FRAZ 3 39 13 Photos of outdoor homicide scene9 7 Feb 14 1615 Grand Forks, ND Qube FRAZ 4 8 10 14th/Columbia photos of fatal traffic accident

10 15 May 14 1600 Arvilla, ND Qube STOL 7 55 Calm Survey Turtle flood damage (erosion)

11 24 Jun 14 1730 Grand Forks, ND Qube TWOO 3 68 9 Photos and video of homicide scene12 23 Sept 14 1210 Grand Forks, ND Qube STOL 3 63 9 Burglary scene photos13 28 Sept 14 0253 Larimore, ND Qube TSCH 2 51 25 Search for 4 suspects who fled after vehicle pursuit14 12 Oct 14 1530 Emerado, ND NA NA 2 42 25G31 Susp. Search: Mission not flown due to high winds15 3 Dec 14 1030 Arvilla, ND NA NA 1 15 3 Cancelled due to victim being located via CC

forensics16 27 Jan 15 1530 Bemedji, MN Qube TWOO 5 34 7 Gas explosion at residence17 28 Feb 15 0700 Grand Forks, ND X4ES TWOO 3 6 9 Officer Involved Shooting18 8 May 15 0840 Heimdal, ND Qube TSCH 5 36 7 Train derailment/explosion

1. Search for victim2. Search for suspect3. Crime scene video/photos4. Traffic collision scene video/photos

5. Disaster assessment6. Traffic control at major event7. Other (specify in comments)

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GFSO Jurisdictional COA

NE North Dakota (approx. 19,000 sq/mi)

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Privacy…The 3rd Rail of sUAS– Fifteen states have enacted UAS privacy legislation– Respect the privacy of the people we protect– Respect the rights of the people we protect– Recipe for success

• Engage the public and stakeholders– Citizen advisory panels

• Establish and adhere to a strong privacy policy– Emphasize “minimization”– Treat all non-training images as evidence

• Be transparent: Let the press and public know about your use of sUAS• Investigate allegations of sUAS misconduct• Discipline personnel who violate policy

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LAW ENFORCEMENT

UND UAS COMMUNITY ATTITUDES RESEARCH TEAM – COMMUNITY ATTITUDES TOWARD UAS IN NE NORTH DAKOTA – JUNE 24, 2014

U.S. Supreme Court on Technology and Aircraft• Keys: Reasonable expectation of privacy and navigable airspace

• 1946 United States v. Causby (328 U.S. 256)– Military overflights (83’ agl) of Greensboro, NC Chicken Farm

• 1986: California v. Ciraolo (476 U.S. 207)– Santa Clara, CA PD aerial observation of marijuana plants in fenced backyard from 1000’ AGL legal

• 1986: Dow Chemical v. U.S. (476 U.S. 227)– EPA aerial observation of air pollution legal

• 1989: Florida v. Riley (488 U.S. 445)– Pasco County Sheriff’s helicopter at 400’ AGL observes marijuana plants in green house

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UND UAS Research Compliance Committee

• Formed in August 2012– All UND UAS activity must be reviewed and approved – Committee consists of:

• 3 members of the general public• 6 UND faculty and staff • 3 public safety agency members• 3 local government members

– Law Enforcement UAS Research Project approvals:• Searches for lost persons• Post-disaster assessments• Crime and traffic accident scene documentation• Searches for serious crime suspects• Traffic monitoring at major events

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1329 |UND UAS COMMUNITY ATTITUDES RESEARCH TEAM – COMMUNITY ATTITUDES TOWARD UAS IN NE NORTH DAKOTA – JUNE 24, 2014

Overview of FAA UAS NPRM

– Issued on 23 Feb 15 (after almost 4 year delay…)– Comment period closed NLT 24 April 15 at 11:59 pm

• CONTENT of NPRM:– sUAS less than 55 lbs and 87 kts. – Daytime VLOS Operations below 500’ AGL– No overflight of people not involved in operation (cops, firefighters, victims and

crooks OK)– Operator must pass FAA UAS Operator Knowledge Exam

• Minimum age: 17• No practical or oral exam• Must pass recurrent UAS Operator Exam biennially

– Visual observer not required– No medical required for operator or visual observer (if utilized)– sUAS must be FAA registered– Final rule will create 14 CFR Part 107 (late 2016???)

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Documents you should review• FAA Advisory Circular AC-91-57

• Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Aviation Rulemaking Committee Report

– FAA Committee with 20 members• LE represented by Mike O’Shea (DOJ) and Don Shinnamon (IACP and Port St. Lucie (FL) PD)• First meeting May 2008. Report issued 1 April 2009

• FAA Operational Approval Guidance 8900-207

• FAA UAS in the NAS N JO 7210-846

• FAA NPRM on Operation and Certification of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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IACP Model Policy• Recently approved by the IACP Board• The model policy is an enhancement of the

Guidelines for the Use of Small Unmanned Aircraft by Law Enforcement.

• The model policy also includes a white paper.

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IACP Model Policy• Explains the technology and defines

missions/applications• Defines the procedures for the use of sUAS by

the agency• Establishes restrictions for the use of sUAS• Establishes Digital Media Evidence procedures• Covers supervision and reporting• Mandates training

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Definitions and Deployment• Situational Awareness• Search and Rescue• Tactical Deployment• Visual Perspective• Scene Documentation

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Procedures for the Use of sUAS• Must have FAA authorization and comply with all FAA

rules.• Only operated by members that are trained and certified.• Establishes accountability• Data captured will be the property of the agency.• All flights will be approved and documented.• Consideration will be given to notify public of the flight.• Covers search and seizure/search warrants.

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Restrictions• Only used for official public safety missions• Must be operated in a safe manner• Prohibition on weapons being mounted on the aircraft

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Evidence Retention and Management• All digital media evidence shall be handled in

accordance with the agency’s existing policy.• Secure downloads from device. Logging of mission

information, case numbers, mission identifiers and crew involved in the case/mission.

• Prohibition against the editing, altering, erasing, duplication, copying, sharing or distribution of DME.

• Secure access and storage of DME

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Supervision and Reporting• A supervisor shall manage the sUAS program. Including

deployments and uses. Assures compliance with policy.• Mandates a documented audit of the use of the sUAS.• Mandates the publishing of an annual report on the use

of sUAS.

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Training• Establishes that all personnel utilizing sUAS must be

trained. • Establishes currency requirements for aircrews.• Establishes maintenance requirements for aircraft .• Mandates that personnel, including commanders,

receive training in local and federal laws and regulations, as well as policies and procedures for the use of sUAS.

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Law Enforcement Encounters with sUAS Operators

• Increasingly, there have been several encounters or criminal acts involving sUAS or RC aircraft.

• The FAA released guidelines for law enforcement in dealing with encounters with sUAS and RC operators.

• The guidelines assist LE in navigating this confusing issue.

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Consider attending:

Airborne Law Enforcement Association

UAS Operations Course13-15 July 2015

Houston, TX

www.alea.org

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Questions…and, hopefully, answers…

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Contact InformationAlan Frazier, Associate ProfessorJohn D. Odegard School of

Aerospace SciencesUniversity of North Dakota3980 Campus Road, Stop 9007Grand Forks, ND 58202-9007

afrazier@aero.und.edu

(800) 258-1525

Don Roby, Training Program ManagerAirborne Law Enforcement Assoc.50 Carroll Creek Way, Suite 260Frederick, MD 21701

droby@alea.org

(717) 870-9603

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