Su Yeon Kye, Keeho Park, Min Kyoung LimNational Cancer Center

November, 3, 2011

Psychosocial factors related to self-perception of diet quality among South Korean adults

Background

Psychosocial factors• mediating the effects of social structural factors on individual

health outcomes• conditioned and modified by the social structures and contexts in

which they exist

Macro level social

structureBusinessLegal and welfareIncome

resources

Meso level social

formations

Meso level

psychosocial

factors

Individual psycholo

gical factors

biology

behavior

health

ReligionFamilyFirm

Social supportSocial

networkStressful

event

perception

Source: Martikainen P. Psychosocial determinants of health in social epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1091-1093

Background Personality influence the health behaviors(smoking, drinking, physical

fitness, treatment adherence, physical functioning, cancer screening, etc)

Substance abuse Unsafe driving Risky sexual practices

Healthy behavior

Extraversion + + + +

Neuroticism + + - -

Agreeableness - - +

Conscientiousness - - +

Openness + + +

Impulsivity + + + -

Source: Bermudez. Personality and health protective behavior. Eur J Pers 1999;13:83-103

Stress and coping strategy influence on health behaviors Sense of coherence and social support are positively associated

with health behaviors However, few studies have investigated the influence of

personality, stress, coping methods, sense of coherence, and social support on a healthy diet.

Objective

To determine the relationship between self-perception of diet quality and related factors:

Personality Impulsiveness Stress Coping strategy Sense of coherence Self-efficacy social support.

Methods : design and sample

Cross-sectional study (October 2009)

Face to face interview after multiple-stratified random sampling from a population-based database

1,530 participants aged 30 or older who did not have a history of cancer (response rate 36%)

Methods : measures

Self-perception of diet quality : to indicate if they consumed a diverse, well-balanced diet that

included sufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables

Personality : Ten-Item Personality Inventory developed by Gosling (2003). Big

Five personality domains (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience)

Impulsiveness : Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (1997)

Stress : Psychosocial Well-being Index-short form (PWI-SF) (2000)

Methods : measures

Coping strategy : Coping Strategy Indicator developed by Amirkhan (1990)

Sense of coherence : Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) developed by Antonovsky

(1993)

Self-efficacy : to indicate if they were capable of consuming a diverse,

balanced diet with sufficient fruits and vegetables

Social support : Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)

developed by Zimet (1988)

ResultsN(%) OR 95% CI

Age, years

30-39 469(30.7) 1.00

40-49 481(31.4) 0.94 0.68-1.29

50-59 339(22.2) 1.52 1.05-2.18

60-69 241(15.8) 2.02 1.30-3.15

Marital status

Uncoupled 203(13.3) 1.00

Coupled 1,327(86.7) 1.61 1.10-2.35

Monthly family income, US dollars (missing n=19)

<2,000 318(21.0) 1.00

2,000 – 3,990 847(56.1) 1.14 0.81-1.60

4,000 346(22.9) 1.81 1.20-2.72

Perceived cancer risk

Low 726(47.5) 1.00

Moderate 666(43.5) 0.71 0.54-0.93

High 138(9.0) 0.58 0.37-0.92

Drinking

Yes 527(34.4) 0.48 0.36-0.63

No 1,003(65.6) 1.00

Exercise

Yes 677(44.2) 1.66 1.28-2.15

No 853(55.8) 1.00

ResultsOR 95% CI

Personality: agreeableness

Low 1.00

Moderate 0.70 0.52-0.95

High 0.66 0.47-0.94

Personality: conscientiousness

Low 1.00

Moderate 0.60 0.45-0.82

High 0.74 0.51-1.08

Stress

Low 1.00

Moderate 0.79 0.47-1.33

High 0.46 0.24-0.85

Sense of coherence

Low 1.00

Moderate 1.15 0.84-1.57

High 1.45 1.02-2.07

Self-efficacy

Low 1.00

Moderate 5.12 3.91-6.71

High 6.70 4.36-10.30

Social support

Low 1.00

Moderate 1.82 1.33-2.50

High 1.39 1.01-1.92

Discussion

Optimistic perception of their diet : 63.1% (perception) vs 25.7% (objective proportion, Ministry of

Health & Welfare, 2008)

Stress management program will be helpful

People who resist the negative effects of stress are more likely to consume healthy diet

Self-efficacy has been used to assess dietary behavior and is generally accepted as a significant indicator

It is necessary to determine which social support sources provide certain types of support, because this can guide efforts to promote healthy diet based on the receiver’s educational needs

Limitation

The measure of diet variable and self-efficacy were limited to a single question

Actual frequency and volume of the consumption of fruits and vegetables is needed

Thank you