Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula1

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

WIND POWER GENERATION

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula.

DE ESPAÑ AR ED ELÉC TRIC A

1st March 2006

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula2

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Introduction: Evolution of installed wind power in Spain.

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Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula3

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

8.046 MW ins. Wind power235 GWh annual demand

37,5 MW “peak” 41 Minhab.

16.629 MW ins. Wind power(x2,1) 513 GWh annual demand (x2,2)

74 MW “peak” (x2)83 Minhab (x2)

Import CapacityA: 1.400 - 1.400 MW CZ: 1.700 - 2.300 MWCH: 3.000 - 4.000 MWDK: 1.750 - 1.750 MWF: 2.100 - 2.550 MWNL: 3.000 - 2.900 MWPL: 1.100 - 1.100 MWS: 460 - 460 MW

Import CapacityF: 1.200 - 1.400 MWP: 550 - 700 MWMO: 400 - 400 MW

Introduction: • Energy Data 2004 (UCTE) (“Peak”: 3ºX-Dec)• Interchange Cap. Data 2004-5 (ETSO)

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula4

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Study Objectives:

Identify technical limits for wind power production: reference for installation plans.

Establish technical requirements for wind farms: fault ride-through capability.

Ministry Plan H2011 (October 2002):

Background:

Load SituationAdmissible Wind Power Production (frtc≥500 ms)

Peak 10.000 MW

Off-peak 3.000 ÷ 5.000 MW

13.000 MWinst

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula5

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Transient stability study.

System reserves impact.

Daily load coverage.

Participation of the wind farms in system restoration.

What does the study deal with?

What does the study NOT deal with?

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula6

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Follow-through group

Analysis group

REE REN

AEE (ABB) CNE

Network Planning Group (Spain) & REN:

REE, CNE, Wind Associations (AEE y APPA), Spanish electricity companies and REN

Study organization : Working groups.

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula7

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Power system model

Study Methodology:

-1771,1

PSS/E

Are the criteria met?

Operational Point

(load flow)

Models and data of the involved dynamics (“Dynamic data”)

ResultsYes No

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula8

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Power System Scenarios: Initial Case Horizon 2011.

1.500 MW

600 MW

900 MW

Future installed wind power*

9.800 MW

3.200 MW

800 MW

2.950 MW

13.000 MW3.750 MW

Initial installed wind power

Iberian load 65.400 MW

Spanish load

53.400 MW

Portuguese load

12.000 MW

(*) Future wind power are distributed at buses where wind power evacuation is forecasted.

700 MW

600 MW

0 MW

Initial wind power production

5.000 MW

1.450 MW

13.000 MW

3.750 MW

Initial installed wind power

Iberian load 26.000 MW

Spanish load

21.500 MW

Portuguese load

4.500 MW

Peak load: Off-peak:

Existing wind power 05/05/31 (forecast)

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula9

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Study Criteria:

Iberian Scope

Criteria (highest production capacity) : Fault cleared in breaker failure times. Each TSO will apply their steady state

security criteria. Transient Stability Criteria:

Out of step is not acceptable except if this problem is reduced to an individual generator.

Generating trips greater than 3000 MW (maximum instantaneous deflection between generation and load, UCTE Operational Handbook) are not acceptable.

Tripping of any France-Spain International interconnections by out of step relays is not acceptable.

Load shedding is not acceptable (except load trip by protection selectivity).

Hypothesis: Production: 80% of the installed wind power.

Increasing steps of wind power penetration. Future wind power is technically adapted.

50% of technical adaptation level in the wind power Portuguese penetrationSensitivity analysis of adaptation levels for the Spanish Peninsular wind power:

Without technical adaptation.

50% of the present one.

75% of the present one.

100% of the present one.

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula10

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Study Preliminary Results: dependence on the technical adaptation level*.

Case of demand

% of wind power technically adapted respect to the present

one (10GW)

Permissible wind power production (MW)

Peak

50% < 10.000 MW*

75% 14.000 MW*

100% >16.000 MW*

Off-peak0% 5.000 MW*

75% > 10.000 MW*

16-20.000 MWinst

(*) The preliminary results presented correspond to Spain only and these are, however, subject to possible

changes due to the pending Portuguese study

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula11

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Study Results: Technical Requirements for Wind Power.

Remain connected to the system in case of faults in the network (3/2/1 phase short-circuits), allowing the protection system to clear de default (fault ride-through capability):

Limits in power consumption (P,Q) during the fault and recovery:

exception periods - ≈150 ms- and lower restriction for unbalance faults

Voltage–time at the connection point to be supported (P.O.12.3)

Requirements:

Design:

Generators and equipment must be able to carry currents during the fault

Operation

Appropriate protection adjustment

Voltage (pu)

1

0,2

0,5 1 Time (sec)

start of disturbance

0,80,95 pu

0 15

Clearance of the faultFault length

Situations where generators must remain connected

0,6isolate 2 ph faults

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula12

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

The decreasing of the short circuit currents, during a fault, due to the highest wind power penetration case analysed are between 10 to 20%

Other aspects to consider, once the full “ride through capability“ has been reached : Impact in the necessities of reserves of regulation with high wind power

penetrations that assure the system adequacy In case of “blackout”: to analyze the possibility of participation of the wind

farms in the system restoration.

Stage 2: Other conclusions.

Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula13

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Conclusions:

The technical adaptation of the existing wind farms allows: The correct operation, guaranteeing a selective1 and coordinated1

behaviour in relation to the rest of the system The recovering of the local and zonal production capacities (highest

production capacity criterion) , reduced by the massive disconnections due to the non adapted existing wind farm.

To maximize the wind power production, allowing itself greater penetrations

The future D/C with France increases the wind power integration and eliminates the possible limitations in the use of the interconnections

(1) Essential properties that the protections of the equipment connected to the power

system must satisfy