Study of the Effects of Electron Beam on Heavy Metals in ... · Determination of metal ions ....
Transcript of Study of the Effects of Electron Beam on Heavy Metals in ... · Determination of metal ions ....
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International Topical Meeting on Nuclear
Research Application and Utilization of
Accelerators
4-8 May 2009 Vienna-Austria
Yazd University
Iran
Study of the Effects of Electron Beam on Heavy Metals in Presence of Scavengers for
Decontamination and Purification of the Municipal and Industrial wastewater
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A. Behjat, S. Dadfarnia, A. M.
Salmanzadeh, M. Parsaeian, F. Anvari, and
M. Kheirkhah
� Physics Department, Atomic and Molecular group, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
� Chemistry Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
� Yazd Radiation Processing Center, Atomic Energy Organization, Yazd, Iran
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Research works undertaken
� Microbiological treatments (water company, Ministry of energy)
� Decolorization (Textile Industries & wastewater company)
� Removal of heavy metals (water & wastewater company)
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Oxidation process usually used
� Use of ozone
� Hydrogen peroxide
� Ultraviolet
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Advance oxidation process (AOP)
� Interaction of ionizing radiation with water
� Based on electron beam irradiation of wastewater ( hydroxyl free radicals)
� Capacity to decompose the organic compounds
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RHODOTRON TT200 electron beam accelerator parameters
� Beam Energy 5 and 10 MeV
� Beam power at 10 MeV 70 kW
� Beam power at 5 MeV 35 kW
� Energy dispersion at 10 MeV ±300 keV
� Scanning range 30-100 cm
� Total power consumption ≤ 300 kW
� RF 107.5 MHz
� RF power output 200 kW Electron gun average current 0-10 mA
� Resolution ±50 µA
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Irradiation of the wastewater samples
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Wastewater irradiated by Electron beam
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Wastewater samples before and after irradiation
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Decolorization of dye molecules
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Reactive dyes irradiated by different doses
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Irradiation of reactive dyes
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Irradiation of disperse dyes
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Heavy Metals
� A common hazardous waste
can damage organisms at low concentrations and tends to
accumulate in the food chain.
� Examples are:
Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Mercury.
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Permitted level
0.1 0.050.05As
--0.001Hg
0.1 0.050.05Cr
0.2 10.05Cu
2 53Zn
50.050.05Pb
0.010.010.005Cd
Water used in agriculture
mg/L
Natural Water and wastewaters
mg/L
Drinking Water
mg/L
element
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Mechanism of radiolyticconversions of metal ions
)()( ICdeIICd aq →+
)()( ICdHIICd →+
)()0()()( IICdCdICdICd +→+
nCdnCd )0()0( →
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OH radicals
−+→+ OHIICdOHICd )()(
222 )()( OHIICdHHOICd +→+++
−++→+ OHOHIICdOHICd )()( 22
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Addition of OH absorber (HCOO-)
format ions converte OH radicals (and H atoms) to COO- radical ions
)()( 22 HOHCOOHOHHCOO +→+−−
2)()( COICdCOOIICd +→+−
2)0()( COCdCOOICd +→+−
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Experimental procedure
� Sample preparation
� Irradiation of the samples
� Determination of metal ions
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Sample preparation (I)
� Methyl Mercury
CH3HgCl
and
� Dimethyl Mercury
CH3HgCH3
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Mercury
� Methyl Mercury, (CH3Hg)
Found in polluted water and wastewater
(Most of the mercury in body)
� Dimethyl Mercury, Hg(CH3)2
Found in polluted air and soil
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Sample preparation
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Decomposition and recovery of methyl and dimethylmercury
20.3 ± 3.3%15.5 ± 3.3%10 ± 2.9%CH3HgCH3
98.2 ± 2%70.9 ± 3.3%47.1 ± 3
.3%CH3HgCl
5 kGy3 kGy1 kGyOrganic
mercury
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Sample preparation (II)
� 1) Wastewater from stabilizing ponds:
� A) influent wastewater (Mixed)
� B) effluent wastewater
� 2) Effluents from textile industry
� 3) Water solution spiking 100 ppb Cd or Pb
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Yazd wastewater stabilizing ponds
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Textile effluents irradiated (different dose)
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40 ml of solution in Petri dishes
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Electron beam irradiation
� Absorbed Doses:
1 kGy
3 kGy
6 kGy
9 kGy
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Irradiated samples ready for
metal determination
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Determination of metal ions by
Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
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Irradiation of raw influent
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Irradiation Dose (kGy)
am
ou
nt
(pp
b)
Cd
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Laboratory made samples
85
90
95
100
105
0 2 4 6 8 10
Irradiation Dose (kGy)
Am
ou
nt
(pp
b)
Pb
Cd
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Addition of scavengers
� Rice bran
size <200 micron
as a natural sorbent.
� 4, 8, and 12 mg
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Irradiation of samples by adding
4 mg natural scavenger
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Irra dia t io n D o s e (kGy)
P b
C d
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Irradiation of the samples with different amounts of scavenger
Absorbrd
Dose
(kGy)
Scavenger
(mg)
Pb
((ppb
Cd
((ppb
0 - 100 100
1 - 0.5%±94.2 1.7%±86.8
3 - 6.3%±79.3 6%±95.8
6 - 7.8%±95.1 1.8%±95.7
9 - 5.4%±93.0 4.3%±94.3
1 4 4.8%±59.1 2.6%±87.8
3 4 5.1%±67.0 2.3%±79.1
6 4 3.5%±69.5 5.8%±81.8
9 4 4.9%±52.5 4%±83.7
9 8 0.3%±51.5 6.1%±79.8
9 12 8.9%±34.3 5.6%±82.2
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Adding natural scavenger(+9 kGy)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Natural scavenger(mg)
Am
ou
nt
(pp
b)
Pb
Cd
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Water samples containing Cd
and Pb and EDTA (0.001 molar)
Absorb
ed
Dose
( kGy)
Scaveng
er
(mg)
Pb (ppb)
Cd (ppb)
0 ---- 100 100
1 12 %7.10.34 ± %3.53.48 ±
3 12 %6.79.31 ± %8.33.47 ±
6 12 %2.04.25 ± %3.61.38 ±
9 12 %100.27 ± %6.26.47 ±
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Irradiation of samples containing Cd and, Pb and Sodium acetate (NaCH3COO, 0.001 Molar)
Absorbed
Dose
(kGy)
Scavenger
(mg)
Pb
(ppb)
Cd
(ppb)
0 0 100 100
1 12 %8.03.7 ± %4.01.10 ±
3 12 %5.56.2 ± %9.29.5 ±
6 12 %2.121.1 ± %1.04.6 ±
9 12 %1.158.0 ± %5.04.5 ±
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Addition of NaCH3COO
� As a chemical reagent
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Irra dia t io n D o s e (kGy)
P b
C d
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Irradiation of samples containing Cdand Pb and EDTA (0.001 Molar) with
and without scavenger
Absorb
ed
Dose
( kGy)
Scaven
ger
(mg)
Pb (ppb)
Cd (ppb)
0 ---- 100 100
1 12 %7.10.34 ± %3.53.48 ±
3 12 %6.79.31 ± %8.33.47 ±
6 12 %2.04.25 ± %3.61.38 ±
9 12 %100.27 ± %6.26.47 ±
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Addition of EDTA
� Chemical complexing agent
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Irra dia t io n D o s e (kGy)
P b
C d
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Irradiation of effluent from wastewater plant
Irrradiation Dose
( (kGy
(Scavenger )
mg))
NaCH3COO
Or
EDTA
Pb
(ppb)
Cd
(ppb)
0 -- - 2.2%±2.8 0.6
1 12 NaCH3COO
N.D.1
18.9%±0.1
3 12 NaCH3COO
N.D. 8.7%±0.1
6 12 NaCH3COO
N.D. ------
1 12 EDTA N.D. 0.3%±0.2
3 12 EDTA N.D. 3.6%±0.2
6 12 EDTA N.D. 44.3%±0.2
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Irradiation of effluent from wastewater plant +NaCH3COO+12 mg scavenger
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Irra dia t io n D o s e (kGy)
Pb
Cd
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Irradiation of effluent from wastewater plant +EDTA+12 mg scavenger
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ir r a d i a t i o n D o s e ( k Gy )
Am
ou
nt
(pp
b)
P b
Cd
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Conclusion
� Electron beam irradiation of water and wastewater samples can increase the concentration of free metal ions in the samples.
� natural scavenger together with EB radiation can increase the heavy metal removal from the wastewater samples.
� capability of the natural scavenger in the presence of chemical agents is increased.
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Thank you for your attention