STUDY OF STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF A FRAMED C, T, L ...

IJMTES | International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Science ISSN: 2348-3121

Volume:08 Issue:01 2021 www.ijmtes.com 9

STUDY OF STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF A FRAMED C, T, L,

RECTANGULAR STRUCTURES WITH AND WITH OUT

CONSIDERING TEMPERATURE STRESSES AND EXPANSION

JOINTS IMMADI ARAVIND

1, MALEMPATI SAI NARASIMHA RAO

2

1(M.Tech Research scholar,St.MARY’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, India) 2(M.Tech Research Guide,St.MARY’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, India)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract— Expansion joints are the gaps in the building structure provided to allow for the movement of the building due to temperature

changes. They are provided commonly in the structures of slabs, bridges and other structures where there is a change of expansion of the

structure due to temperature. Significance of these joints are mainly to control the uneven surface in the structure when it is subjected to

temperature changes. In present scenario the designers of the buildings are not considering expansion joints while designing a multi storied

structure. Consideration of expansion joints in the design can reduce the temperature stresses and displacement of R.C. framed structures. In

this view studied the effect of expansion joints in structural behaviour of RC framed regular and irregular structures. For this purpose

considered four different types of RC framed buildings (C, T, L and Rectangular) in each case compared the lateral displacement and

quantity of steel by considering with and without expansion joints by using computer software STAAD Pro.

Keywords— STAAD, C, T, L, Structural behaviour

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. INTRODUCTION

The term “expansion joint” as used refers to the

isolation joints provided within a Building to permit the

separate segments of the structural frame to expand and

contract in response to Temperature changes without

adversely affecting the building's structural integrity or

serviceability. The normal practice in runways, bridges,

buildings and road construction is to provide expansion

joints between cutting slabs of reinforced concrete at

designing intervals and at intersections with other

constructions. These joint filers are then covered with sealing

compounds.

Concrete expands slightly when the temperature rises.

Similarly, concrete shrinks upon drying and expands upon

subsequent wetting. Provision must cater for the volume

change by way of joint to relieve the stresses produced. An

Expansion joint is actually a gap, which allows space for a

building to move in and out of. The movement of the

building is caused most frequently by temperature changes,

the amount of expansion and contraction of building depends

upon the type of material it is constructed out of. A steel

framed building will move by a different amount then a

concrete framed one. In case of a small building, the

magnitude of expansion is less and therefore, no joint is

required either in the floor or roof slab. But in case of the

long building, the expansion is very large and may be as

much as 25 mm. Therefore, buildings longer than 45 m are

generally provided with one or more expansion joints.

Having successful determination the predicted movement

along the three principal axis of the Expansion joint gap, the

designer and Specifies are now faced with a more critical

choice, that of choosing of material to seal the joint gap itself

from the element. This is a particular important building

envelope design consideration, especially when moisture and

water are present.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY:

GENERAL

Many studies have come regarding expansion joints

of structures but very few studies were shown the effect of

expansion joints. Nevertheless, in recent year’s research

activity in this field of expansion joints are considered. In

this study the effect of expansion joints was done under

different types of irregular buildings (i.e. C, T, L and

Rectangular type) and compared the structures with

Expansion joints and without Expansion joints subjected to

temperature stresses.

Michael J. Pfeiffer, David Darwin (1987) is talked about the

construction, contraction and expansion joints in reinforced

concrete buildings. They are addressed the purpose of each

type of joint and emphasizes the selection of joint locations

and joint spacing. Some aspects of joint configuration and

construction are also covered. Empirical and analytical

design techniques are presented.

HERBERT H. SWINBURNE (2000) the study was carried

out under the direction of the Federal Construction Council

Standing Committee on Structural Engineering. The

Committee first examined in detail an unpublished report in

which horizontal changes in dimension in nine federal

buildings were observed and related to recorded temperature

changes. Additionally, the Committee studied the current

practices of federal agencies regarding expansion joint

criteria. To enhance its understanding of the distribution of

stresses and associated deformation in frames subjected to

uniform temperature change, the Committee formulated and

conducted an analytical study of the effects of uniform

temperature change on typical two-dimensional elastic

frames. A theoretical computer model was developed for this

purpose. Observed dimensional changes caused by



temperature changes were correlated with data obtained from

the computer analysis. The results of the Committee's study

and analysis, as well as its collective experience and

judgment, served as the bases for this report.

Grant T. Halvorsen (2001), all buildings are restrained to

some degree; this restraint will induce stresses with

temperature changes. Temperature induced stresses are

proportional to the temperature change. Large temperature

variations can result in substantial stresses to account for in

design. Small temperature changes may result in negligible

stresses.

James M. Fisher, S.E (2005) he has experienced several

issues relative to construction difficulties associated with

expansion joints. The first is that temperature changes to

which an unenclosed unheated structure is subjected to

during construction may exceed the design temperature

changes after completion of the structure. These increased

temperature changes should be considered by the designer.

The temperature to be considered during construction, of

course, varies depending upon building location. Sometimes

it is very difficult for the steel erector to adjust the expansion

joint at the desired location, as normal erection tolerances

may force the expansion joint to one end of its travel. This

problem can be eliminated if the designer considers a detail

at the far end of the member to which the expansion joint is

located, as a means of adjustment. In this way, the

construction tolerance can be compensated

A.Plumier, V. Denoël, L. Sanchez, C. Doneux, V. Warnotte,

(2007) an elastic analysis of an existing 20-storey reinforced

concrete moment resisting frame divided in 3 blocks shows

that beams supported on corbels of the adjacent block at the

expansion joint loose their support when each independent

block vibrate on its own under earthquake. Different

reconnection hypothesis were considered, ranging from

fixing totally each block to the adjacent one to more flexible

options leaving some free relative move between blocks. An

elastic modal superposition followed by a pushover analysis

considering the final reconnection principle was made. The

degrees of freedom of the joint reconnections were observed

to be an important parameter. The solution found leaves a

free relative rotational move between blocks and a flexible

translational movement, so that forces at the connection do

not become uselessly high.

3. THEORY/METHODOLOGY

GENERAL

In this chapter, discussed about model

specifications, modelling of structures, loads and load

combinations.

And also to give brief overview of study flow chart was

prepared.

BASIC MODEL SPECIFICATIONS

Building type : RC frames with and without expansion joints

for “C”, “T”, “L”, and RECTANGULAR type

Buildings Floor area

“C” type: 78.81MX 30.26 Meters

“T” type: 65.25MX 30.26 Meters

“L” type: 75.18MX 30.26 Meters

“RECTANGULAR” type: 88.41MX 10.68 Meters

Storey Height: 3m No. of Stories: G+4.

• Comparison of displacements of both the structures

with and without expansion joints were done by doing

analysis in STAAD PRO.

• MATERIAL PROPERTIES

ial used for analysis is reinforced concrete with

M-20 grade concrete and Fe- 415 grade reinforcing steel.

-strain relationship used is as per IS 456-2000.

The basic material properties

are as follows:

Modulus of Elasticity of steel, Es = 20,000MPa

Ultimate strain in bending, Σcu = 0.0035

Characteristic strength of concrete, fck = 20MPa

Yield stress for steel, fy = 415Mpa

MODELLING OF STRUCTURE

A regular RC frame structure is chosen with and

without expansion joints, the plan of the apartment

shown in figure and the structure was modelled for G+4

storey. All the considered frames are assumed to

be fixed at ground level and storey heights are taken as 3m .

All the members of the structure are assumed

to be homogenous isotropic and having elastic modulus same

in compression as well as in tension.

Constant beam and column sizes were taken at all floor

levels for each considered frame , however sizes

of columns and beams vary with respect to number of

storeys. sizes of structural members shown in table

given below:

Structural members for G+4 storey’s MEMBER SIZE(mm)

Beam 230X450

Column 230X450

Slab thickness 150

4. ANALYSISAND DESIGN RESULTS

From the study obtained the lateral displacements for limit

state of serviceability condition.



FIG:-PLAN SHOWING “C” TYPE RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING WITHOUT EXPANSION JOINTS

Plan showing “C” type residential building with

expansion joints\

Plan showing “L” type residential building without

expansion joints



Plan showing “T” type residential building with

expansion joints



Plan showing “rectangular” type residential

building without expansion joints

Plan showing “rectangular” type residential

building with expansion joints

5. RESULTSAND DISCUSSIONS

GENERAL

Failure of structure starts at points of

weakness. This weakness arises due to

discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of

structure. The structure having the discontinuity is

termed as irregular structures. In this study, a RC

space frame (i.e. “C”, “T”, “L”, “

RECTANGULAR” type buildings) with and

without expansion joints has been analyzed. By

considering for G+4 storey at different

temperature stresses using STAAD Pro. Variation



in percentage of displacements and quantities of

steel of these structure are discussed below:

COMPARISON OF LATERAL DISPLACEMENTOF

RC FRAMES:

COMPARSION FOR “C” TYPE BUILDING:

Comparison of lateral displacement of

frames with Expansion joint and without

expansion joint subjected to temperature stress

(varying temperature of 200C)

Comparison of lateral displacement of frames

with Expansion joint and without expansion joint

subjected to temperature stress (varying

temperature of 200C)

It was observed that there was an decrease in

lateral displacement of 1.5% for frames with

Expansion joint when compared to structure

without expansion joint subjected to

temperature stress (varying temperature of

200C)








temperature of 300C).It was observed that there

was an increase in lateral displacement of 14.28%

for frames with Expansion joint when compared to

structure without expansion joint subjected to

temperature stress (varying temperature of 300C)



expansion joint subjected to temperature

stress (varying temperature of 400C)




(varying temperature of 300C) It was observed

that there was an increase in lateral displacement

of 30.07% for frames with Expansion joint when

compared to structure without expansion joint


temperature of 400C).

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm

framewithexpansionjoint

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm

framewithex…

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30 40

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm

framewithexpan…



FOR “L” TYPE BUILDING









It was observed that there was an increase

in lateral displacement of 13.75 % for frames with


without expansion joint subjected to temperature


FOR “T” TYPE BUILDING









It was observed that there was an increase in

lateral displacement of 25.77% for frames with

















-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm


-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 5 10 15 20 25

framewithexpansion…

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 5 10 15 20 25

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm

framewithe…












in lateral displacement of 62.43% for frames with




FOR RECTANGULAR BUILDING










lateral displacement of 19.42 % for frames with







stress (varying temperature of 300C).





-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm

framewithexpansionjo…

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 5 10 15 20 25

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm

framewithexpansio…

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30

Hei

gh

t in

m

Displacement in mm





lateral displacement of 38.8 % for frames with

















COMPARSION OF QUANTITY OF

STEEL

Comparsion of quantities of steel in

frames with Expansion joints and without

Expansion joints subjected to temperature stress (

varying temperatures of 200C, 30

0C and 40

0C).

FOR C TYPE BUILDING

quantities of steel for frame with expansion

joints and without expansion joints subjected to

temperature stresses ( varying temperatures of

200C, 30

0C and 40

0C).

comparison quantities of steel for frame with

expansion joints and without expansion joints

subjected to temperature stresses (varying

temperatures of 200C, 30

0C and 40

0C).

when compared to R.C frame with expansion

joints and without expansion joint subjected to

temperature stresses (i.e. varying temperature of

200C, 30

0C and 40

0C), there was a increase in

percentage of steel of 77.75, 82.33 and 83.68

respectively.

FOR L TYPE BUILDING

quantities of steel for frame with expansion joints

and without expansion joints subjected to


200C, 30

0C and 40

0C).

-2

1

4

7

10

13

16

0 10 20 30

framewithexpansi…

0

50

100

150

200

20c 30c 40c

Frame withexpansion

joint

Frame without expansion jointsubjected to Temperature stresses

Qu

anti

ty o

f st

ee

l in

to

ns

Type

Frame

with

expansion

joint

Frame without expansion

joint subjected to

Temperature stresses of

200c 30

0c 40

0c

quantity

of steel

(Ton) 61.056 107.52 109.44 110.321



comparison quantities of steel for frame with

expansion joints and without expansion joints

subjected to temperature stresses ( varying


0C and 40

0C).

when compared to R.C frame with expansion

joints and without expansion joint subjected to

temperature stresses (i.e. varying temperature of

200C,30

0C and 40

0C), there was a increase in

percentage of steel of 76.1, 79.24 and 80.68

respectively.

FOR T TYPE BUILDING




200C, 30

0C and 40

0C).

comparison quantities of steel for frame

with expansion joints and without expansion joints



0C and 40

0C).

when compared to R.C frame with

expansion joints and without expansion joint

subjected to temperature stresses (i.e. varying

temperature of 200C,30

0C and 40

0C), there was a

decrease in percentage of steel of 4.9, 5.61 and

5.44 respectively.

FOR RECTANGULAR TYPE BUILDING




200C, 30

0C and 40

0C).

Type

Frame

with

expansion

joint

Frame without

expansion joint

subjected to


200c 30

0c 40

0c

quantity

of steel

(ton) 60.06 59.514 59.76 59.47

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

20c 30c 40c

Frame withexpansion

joint


Qu

anti

ty o

f st

ee

l in

to

n

010203040506070

20c 30c 40c

Framewith

expansionjoint

Frame without expansion jointsubjected to Temperature

stresses of

Qu

anti

ty o

f st

ee

l in

to

n

Type

Frame

with

expansion

joint

Frame without

expansion joint

subjected to


200c 30

0c 40

0c

quantity

of steel

(ton) 64.893 61.7 61.25 61.357



comparison quantities of steel for frame

with expansion joints and without expansion joints



0C and 40

0C).

when compared to R.C frame with

expansion joints and without expansion joint

subjected to temperature stresses (i.e. varying

temperature of 200C,30

0C and 40

0C), there was a

slightly decrease in percentage of steel of 0.909,

0.49 and 0.98 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The lateral displacements and quantity of

steel for Regular and Irregular R.C framed

structures with and without expansion joints were

investigated using the linear static analysis.

Following were the conclusions drawn from the

study.

1. For “C” type G+4 storey building, it was

observed, when compared to frame with

expansion joint to frame without expansion

joints, there was an decrease in percentage

of lateral displacement of 4.17 at a

temperature stress of 200c and there was an

increase in percentage of lateral

displacements of 10.73 and 25.236 at a

temperature stresses of 300c and 40

0c

respectively.

2. For “L” type G+4 storey building, it was

observed , when compared to frame with


joints, there was an decrease in percentage

of lateral displacements of 17.18 and 4.865

at a temperature stresses of 200c and 30

0c

and there was an increase in percentage of

lateral displacement of 7.45 at a

temperature stresses of 400c respectively.

3. For “T” type G+4 storey building, it was



joints, there was an increase in percentage

of lateral displacement of 26.84,44.63 and

62.41 at a temperature stresses of 200c,

300c and 40

0c respectively.

4. For “Rectangular” type G+4 storey

building, it was observed, when compared

to frame with expansion joint to frame

without expansion joints, there was an

increase in percentage of lateral

displacement of 21.49, 40.619 and 59.74 at

a temperature stresses of 200c, 30

0c and

400c respectively.

5. For “C” type building it was observed,

when compared to frame with and without


stresses (i.e. varying temperatures of 200c,

300c and 40

0c) there was an increase in

percentage of steel of 77.75, 82.33 and

83.68 respectively.

6. For “L” type building it was observed,




300c and 40

0c) there was an increase in

percentage of steel of 76.1,79.24 and 80.68

respectively.

7. For “T” type building it was observed,




300c and 40

0c) there was an decrease in

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

20c 30c 40c

Frame withexpansion

joint


Qu

anti

ty o

f st

ee

l in

to

n



percentage of steel of 4.9,5.61 and 5.44

respectively.

8. For “Rectangular” type building it was


and without expansion joint subjected to

temperature stresses (i.e. varying

temperatures of 200c, 30

0c and 40

0c) there

was an decrease in percentage of steel of

0.9, 0.49 and 0.98 respectively.

From the study, concluded that

consideration of expansion joints in analysis of

structure (wherever applicable) can improve

stiffness as well as it will be cost effective.

REFERENCES

[1] A.Plumier, V.Denoel, L.Sanchez, C.Doneux, W.Van Alboom

“

Seismic Assessment and Retrofitting of an S Shape Building with Expansion Joints”.

[2] Expansion Joints in Buildings: Technical Report No. 65

[3] Farhana M. Saiyed 1, Ashish H. Makwana2, Jayeshkumar Pitroda3

(2014) “EXPANSION JOINT TREATMENT : MATERIAL & TECHNIQUES” 29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh

[4] IS: 3414 – 1968 , “Indian standard code of practice for design and

insallation of joints in buildings” , Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi

[5] IS 456: 2000, “ Indian standard plain reinforced concrete – code of practice”, Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.

[6] IS : 875 (part 1), “Indian Standard Code of practice for Design loads

for buildings and structures, Dead load” , Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.


for buildings and structures, imposed load” , Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi


for buildings and structures, Wind load” , Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi


for buildings and structures, Special loads and combinations” , Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi

[10] James M. Fisher (2005) “Expansion Joints: Where, When and How”

April 2005 Modern Steel Construction

[11] Joints in Concrete Construction, Reported by ACI Committee 224

(2001)

[12] Matthew D. Brady (2011) “Expansion Joint Considerations for

Buildings” Modern steel construction may 2011

[13] Michael J. Plelffer, David Darwin (1987) “Joint design for

reinforced concrete buildings” structural engineering and engineering materials sm report no 20, December 1987

[14] SANJAY SHIRKE1 , H.S.CHORE2 , P.A. DODE3 (2014) “Effect

of temperature load on beam design in thermal analysis” Proceedings of 12th IRF International Conference, Pune , India

[15] Speight, Marshall & francis (2012) “technical bulletin” structural

engineering- special inspections, September 2012 bulletin no XLII.University Science, 1989.

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