Study of Economic, Social Effects of Employment and Self...

Study of Economic, Social Effects of Employment and Self-Sufficiency Projects of Imam Khomeini (By Focusing on Agricultural

Projects) in North of Iran

Authors

Mohammad Karim MotamedAlireza Mohammadi





Authors


Authors


Study of Economic, Social Effects of Employment and Self-Sufficiency Projects of Imam Khomeini (By

Focusing on Agricultural Projects) in North of Iran

Authors

Mohammad Karim Motamed

Department of Rural Development, Guilan University, Agricultural College, Iran

Alireza Mohammadi

Department of Agricultural Management, Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran

Research Signpost, T.C. 37/661 (2), Fort P.O., Trivandrum-695 023

Kerala, India

Published by Research Signpost 2013; Rights Reserved Research Signpost T.C. 37/661(2), Fort P.O., Trivandrum-695 023, Kerala, India E-mail IDs: [email protected] [email protected]; [email protected] Websites: http://www.ressign.com http://www.trnres.com http://www.signpostejournals.com http://www.signpostebooks.com Authors Mohammad Karim Motamed Alireza Mohammadi Managing Editor S.G. Pandalai Publication Manager A. Gayathri Research Signpost assumes no responsibility for the opinions and statements advanced by the Authors ISBN: 978-81-308-0510-8

Preface Sustainable development is a concept encompassing a wide range of economic, social and environmental issues. Effective implementation of sustainable development objectives is an institutional challenge with which all governments are struggling. The sustainability challenges facing developed and developing countries are enormous, but as many of these challenges are common to several countries, we can share our experiences and best practices and learn from each other through books such as this one. The main aim of this book, is to compare social and economic status of two groups of households covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, The first group includes those people who agricultural projects have been implemented for them and the second group includes those people who aforementioned project has not been implemented for them. To show how effective are these projects in reducing poverty, achieving stable employment and have an improved income situation

Dr. Mohammad Karim Motamed

Contents

Study of economic, social effects of employment and self-sufficiency projects of Imam Khomeini (By focusing on agricultural projects) in north of Iran 1 Introduction 2 Short history 7 Constitution 9 Materials and methods 22 Results and discussion 25 Data description and analyzing 27 References 33

Research Signpost 37/661 (2), Fort P.O. Trivandrum-695 023 Kerala, India

Study of Economic, Social Effects of Employment and Self-Sufficiency Projects of Imam Khomeini (By Focusing on Agricultural Projects) in North of Iran, 2013: 1-34 ISBN: 978-81-308-0510-8

Authors: Mohammad Karim Motamed and Alireza Mohammadi

Study of economic, social effects of employment and self-sufficiency projects of Imam Khomeini (By focusing on agricultural

projects) in north of Iran

Mohammad Karim Motamed1 and Alireza Mohammadi2 1Department of Rural Development, Guilan University, Agricultural College, Iran; 2Department of

Agricultural Management, Abhar branch, Abhar, Iran Abstract. This research was done in 87 about Performance of 10-year agricultural projects (Between 2000-2010) implemented in Guilan Province by Imam Khomeini relief committee. The main goal of the implementation of this study, is to compare social and economic status of two groups of households covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, The first group includes those people who agricultural projects have been implemented for them and the second group includes those people who aforementioned project has not been implemented for them. To show how effective are these projects in reducing poverty, achieving stable employment and have an improved income situation. The statistical research community, are all poor people who have been Covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Guilan until the year 86, that All specifications of this society has been recorded in Offices and documents of Relief Committee and is available. And Statistical sample includes two groups, the first group includes those people who agricultural projects have been implemented for them and the

Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Mohammad Karim Motamed, Department of Rural Development, Guilan University, Agricultural College, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Mohammad Karim Motamed & Alireza Mohammadi2

second group includes those people who aforementioned project has not been implemented for them. To show how effective are these projects in reducing poverty, achieving stable employment and have an improved income situation. These people were selected in a way to have the most similarity, and the main difference of them is in using or not using of employment and self-sufficiency plans of agricultural projects, then, samples were selected As random sampling plan appropriate to volume of sample using “korjus and Morgan” and “Cohen” decision model. Main data collection tool in this research was a questionnaire. Dependent variable in this research is situation of two groups of covered households and independent variables of this research are age, occupation and gender which are in nominal scale and education level and protected being long which are in ordinal scale. Amount of loans received, annual income, rate of People participate in organizations are measured in relative scale. Validity of questionnaire was calculated by re-examination and Cronbakh alpha Coefficient and also we used SPSS software for information analysis and data description. Variables of this research were written in dominant of 7 hypotheses. Income, Gender, Education Level, Hope for the future, Confidence, Economic independence and Social activities were examined in two groups of people using some exams, Independent test (for 1st theory) and Mann-Whitney test (for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th theories). The results showed that these variables has a meaningful difference in a level less than 0.01 between two groups of covered people who benefits and not benefits of agricultural plans. Introduction The Islamic Republic of Iran, previously known as Persia, has a rich history and culture going back thousands of years. The establishment of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great in 559 BC marked the birth of a unified land by bringing Iranians and non-Iranians under a single ruler. In 1921 Reza Khan, commander of an Iranian cossack force, overthrew the decadent Kajar dynasty, and, as Reza Shah Pahlevi, established the Pahlevi dynasty in 1925. During his reign, transportation and communication systems were improved, and a program of Westernization was begun. In 1941 Britain and the Soviet Union occupied areas of the country to protect the oil fields from German seizure. Because of this Allied presence, Reza Shah Pahlevi, who had been friendly to the Axis powers, abdicated. His son, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, succeeded to the throne and adopted a pro-Allied policy. In 1945 the Iranian government requested the withdrawal of occupying troops, concerned that Soviet forces were encouraging separatist movements in the northern provinces. All troops were withdrawn by 1946. In the 1950s, a major political crisis developed over control of the oil industry. In 1951 Muhammad Mossadegh, a militant nationalist, became prime minister. When parliament approved a law nationalizing the property of foreign oil companies with widespread popular support, Mossadegh

Role of Imam Khomeini relief committee on employment in Guilan province 3

pressed the shah for extraordinary powers. The dissension between pro- and anti-Mossadegh forces reached a climax during 1953 when the shah dismissed the prime minister. Mossadegh refused to yield, and the shah fled to Rome. After three days of riots, the royalists won back control of Teheran, the shah returned, and Mossadegh was sentenced to prison. The shah then opened negotiations with an eight-company oil consortium that guaranteed Iran a margin of profit greater than anywhere else in the Middle East. Throughout the 1960s, the shah began to exercise increasing control over the government after dissolving parliament in 1961. Programs of agricultural and economic modernization were pursued, but the shah's Plan Organization took charge of economic development, leaving very few benefits to reach the ordinary citizen. Despite growing prosperity, opposition to the shah was widespread, fanned mainly by conservative Shiite Muslims, who wanted the nation governed by Islamic law. They were directed, from France, by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (Ruhollah ibn Mustafa Musawi Khomeini Hindi), a Muslim clergyman who had been exiled in 1963. As the Shah's regime, supported by the U.S., became increasingly repressive, riots in 1978 developed into a state of virtual civil war. In early 1979 popular opposition forced the shah to leave the country. Hundreds of the shah's supporters were tried and executed, others fled the country, and the westernization of Iran was reversed. Khomeini, who had returned to Iran in triumph in February 1979, presided over the establishment of an Islamic republic. On 4 November 1979, after the shah had been allowed entry into the United States for medical care, militant Iranians stormed the US embassy in Teheran, taking 66 Americans hostage. The militants demanded that the shah be turned over to face trial and that billions of dollars he had allegedly took abroad be returned. Thirteen of the hostages were soon released, but another 53 were held until an agreement was negotiated that freed the hostages on 20 January 1981. Unable to persuade Iran to release them, President Carter ordered a military rescue mission, which failed, resulting in the deaths of eight American servicemen when their aircraft collided in the Iranian desert. In September 1980 Iraq took advantage of Iran's internal political disputes to seize territory in the Shatt al Arab and oil-rich Khuzestan province. The full-scale war that resulted severely reduced Iran's oil production and disrupted its economy. The government was also beset by unrest among ethnic minorities. The war ended with a cease-fire in 1988 and cost the two nations an estimated 1 million dead and 1.7 million wounded. In 1989, Khomeini died and Hojatolislam Said Ali Khamenei became Iran's supreme leader. Iran's relations with the West improved, due in part to


President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani's role in obtaining the release of Western hostages held in Lebanon. In 1993 Rafsanjani was reelected president. Supporting the orphans and unsupervised persons has been stressed and considered by the God on high and the pure Imams. In great Quran this clear word of God has been mentioned and according it supporting the orphans causes God’s kindness, peace of this and the next world, prevention from pride and being away from financial sufferings. Accordingly, serving the orphans is a vow made by the truthful and virtuous persons with God and doing this work has been known as the best yardstick of having faith in God and Quran. Getting to the height of glory, welfare in this world and peace in the next world depends depends on opening the bosom of service and mercy toward the shelterless and needy people. And the shiny stone of such service ring is patting the orphans on the head kindly and setting the smile of hope and activity on their lips. Figure 1 based on the most recent 2006 census data shows the extreme age dependence of unemployment in Iran. The unemployment rate of older workers was then about 5%, which is low by developing country standards, while it exceeded 20% for youth.

Figure 1. Unemployment by age, 2006.


Figure 2 depicts this situation for Iran using the number of women aged 20–24 and men aged 25–29 as well as the ratio of men to women over time. As this figure shows, in recent years Iran has experienced an excess of men over women in these age groups of about 25%. Significantly, this situation will disappear in the next few years and will actually reverse itself in the next ten years. Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Since all human behavior is social, the subject matter of sociology ranges from the intimate family to the hostile mob; from organized crime to religious cults; from the divisions of race, gender and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture; and from the sociology of work to the sociology of sports. In fact, few fields have such broad scope and relevance for research, theory, and application of knowledge. Sociology provides many distinctive perspectives on the world, generating new ideas and critiquing the old. The field also offers a range of research techniques that can be applied to virtually any aspect of social life: street crime and delinquency, corporate downsizing, how people express emotions, welfare or education reform, how

Figure 2. Marriage squeeze: marriage-age women outnumber marriage-age men.


families differ and flourish, or problems of peace and war. Because sociology addresses the most challenging issues of our time, it is a rapidly expanding field whose potential is increasingly tapped by those who craft policies and create programs. Sociologists understand social inequality, patterns of behavior, forces for social change and resistance, and how social systems work. As the following pages convey, sociology is an exciting discipline with expanding opportunities for a wide range of career paths. Descriptive statistics of the position of Guilan in the country regarding the index of the human development in the years 1996 and 2006 was showed in table 1 (Jafari, 2012). Descriptive statistics of Guilan’s position in the country regarding the index of the human development was showed in table 2 (Jafari, 2012). In this way, we follow the best, purest and most beautiful example of affection and being kind toward the orphans, The Imam Ali (P.U) and also by following the pure verses of Quran we expect success of service from God Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the position of Guilan in the country regarding the index of the human development in the years 1996 and 2006.


Table 2. Descriptive statistics of Guilan’s position in the country regarding the index of the human development.

through this way of blessing and welfare. Therefore, according to the above – mentioned introduction following God 's commands in the holy Quran and advices of the Revered Prophet of lslam (P.U) and the pure Imams (P.U) is essential for decreasing the personal, social and economical results of losing father in bringing up the children, strengthening the spirit of human cooperation and relations and extending the social justice among people of the society. Short history The history of forming and establishing the fundamental principle of this organization goes back to many years before the victorious Islamic revolution in Iran, around the year 1963 several noble revolutionists whom some of them are the present key managers of Imam Khomeini (Figure 3) relief foundation (IKRF) at the beginning of the Islamic Movement were among the companions and fellow fighters of Late Imam Khomeini, on behalf of His Honor undertook the mission of looking after the needy families of the political prisoners and revolutionary fighters. The logo of Komiteh Emdad Imam Khomeini was showed in figure 4.


Figure 3. Ayat ollah Khomeini.

Figure 4. Logo of Komiteh Emdad Imam Khomeini. Through the Islamic Revolution climax, especially during the years 1978 and 1979, the combats of Muslim nation reached its climax, strikes and taking sanctuaries spread all over the country. At that time the relief and support actions of these noble revolutionists increased by the extensive and comprehensive support received by needy families of the strikers, political prisoners’ and deprived people of the society. With the victory of the dignified Islamic Revolution and redefining of the administrative, economical and cultural activities of the country, the necessity of supporting deprived people of the society was set among the major priorities of the newly formed government. In order to carry out the high aims of the Islamic Republic System of Iran and Velayat Faghih (The Supreme Theological Mandate) for uprooting poverty, supporting and giving relief to the deprived and the oppressed people and making them self sufficient. At the date of 5th of March 1979 exactly 22 days after the Victory of Islamic Revolution, by gracious and


historical command issued by late Imam Khomeini. For unlimited time Imam Khomeini Relief foundation (IKRF) as a second revolutionary organization was established. Constitution The constitution of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundaion According to the historical order of the Great Leader of Islamic Revolution and The Islamic Republic of Iran Founder “ The Imam Khomein (G.B)”, The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation Was established for unlimited Time in 14 th Isfand 1996 S.A.H coinciding with 7th Rabi – ol – Thani 1399 L.A.H. Article one In this constitution the name of "The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation " is briefly called "Imam Relief ". Article two The aim of establishing The Imam Khomeini Relif Foundation is to Offer The supportive, cultural and living services to the needy and deprived people living inside and outside the country in order to provide self – reliance, strengthen and increase faith as well as preserving the human dignity. Article three The Imam Relief is a national, revolutionary, non profitable and welfare Foundation having an independent legal personality and also a financial, administrative and employment independence and it is managed under the high supervision (of the Absolute Supreme Theological Mandate) and according to the regulations of this constitution. Article four The main center of the Imam Relief is in Tehran and several branches can be established in other parts of the country or abroad. Article five The Imam Relief has the nationality of the Islamic Republic of Iran.


Article six The Imam Relief duties are as follow:

A) Studying and recognizing all Kinds of the material and spiritual

deprivations of the needy people and explicating and providing the supportive, living and cultural needs and improving their life level as much as possible and identifying persons and families requiring protection in the city, village and tribes.

B) Studying and offering to the relevant authorities the suggestions of strategies, executive policies, plans, programs and suitable ways for eliminating the deprivations of needy people at different aspects and taking the necessary steps and pursuits for carrying them out.

C) Providing the necessary facilities in order to make persons and families under protection and the other needy people self – reliant through employment, giving loan, technical and vocational trainings and offering the necessary services as much as possible.

D) Preparing the necessary facilitations for offering the medical and health services and providing the medical and social insurances for the deprived classes as much as possible and within the framework of the related rules and regulations.

E) Paying pension (cash and noncash aides, giving the necessary interest – free loan, aides of repairing and providing house, marriage, and dowry of the needy people).

F) Offering the cultural services to the needy persons and families and performing the cultural and educational activities and supplying the necessary educational facilities and streng thening the religious beliefs.

G) Exceptional supporting of the needy persons and families against the difficulties resulting from the natural and unnatural events and disasters.

H) Offering consultation and assistance services, the necessary legal supports to the needy persons and families.

I) Supporting as much as possible the needy people living abroad according to the policies of the Islamic republic of Iran system.

J) Providing the necessary backgrounds for reviving the culture of donation and sacrifice, promoting the Islamic good traditions and conducting the national facilities and aides, especially the aides of the benevolent and benefactor persons, and also the facilities and aides of the governmental and non governmental foundations in order to support the needy persons and families.

K) Communicating with charitable foundations, popular associations and welfare organizations inside and outside the country in order to exchange the experiences and benefit more suitably from their potential


and actual capabilities and avoiding doing the unnecessary works for providing the material and spiritual supports and expanding such popular cores as much as possible.

L) Carrying out any kind of the legal duty should be after allocating the necessary budget.

Article seven The property of Imam Relief consists of: the net properties whether movable or immovable , the belonged rights that have been or will be given to Imam Relief or from the financial resources have been or will be supplied and in Imam Relief offices have been or will be registered . And all these are totally considered the properties of Vali – faghih. Amend ment Any transfer of properties and estates, increasing and decreasing the interest shall be done by the supervision and confirmation of the central council. Article eight The financial resources of Imam Relief consist of: A) The support of the supreme leader (G.B.L) B) The budgets and aides of the Islamic Republic Government. C) The aides and donations of people, institutions, organi sations and

foundations inside and outside the country. D) Alms, vows, Zakat E) Income resulting from the economic activities of Imam Relief but

after the approval of the qualified authorites in this constitution. Article nine The main parts of Imam Relief are: A) The central council (Deputies of Vali – Faghih) B) Head of Imam Relief. C) Audit and inspection. Article ten The central council consists of 5 persons chosen and appointed by the Supreme Leader (G.B.L) for 5 years.


Amendment one The central council through its first session would choose one person of its members as a chairman and another person as a vice – chairman. Amendment two The central council has a secretariat that under the supervision of the council secretary has the responsibility of preparing the meeting s ' agenda, recording the discussions, conveying the Acts, providing information, offering the consult and expert services and issuing the reports of the central council. Duties of this secretariat are fully determined in the central council regulations. Amendment three The central council elects a person, either among its members or not, as the central council secretary. Amendment four The central council would become formal by the presence of a majority members and its resolutions are to be ratified by the affirmative vote of at least 3 persons of its members and they hold a session at least once every 2 weeks. Amendment five The internal regulation of the central council consists of the process of proposing, studying, conveying and following up the acts and the other executive methods of the central council and the secretariat duties. This regulation is prepared in a form of constitution and ratified by the central council. Article eleven Duties and authorities of the central council as the board of trustees are:- 1) Proposing one of its members as the supervisor of The Imam Relief to The

Supreme Leader for confirmation. 2) Studying the necessary changes in the constitution and proposing them to

The Supreme Leader to be ratified by His Honor.


3) Proposing the major policies to The Supreme Leader to be ratified by His Honor.

4) Studying and ratifying the executive policies and strategies. 5) Studying and ratifying the structures and major duties description of the

organizational unites of the Imam Relief. 6) Studying and ratifying the program and budget, looking into the audit

and inspection reports. 7) Ratfying the financial bills and performance of the Imam Relief. 8) Studying and approving the financial, transactions and employment

regulations and the other required rules and regulations of The Imam Relief. 9) Ratifying the constitution of the credit boxes and the organizations

related to the Imam Relief. 10) Confirming the successor of the Imam Relief Supervisor according to

proposal of the supervisor and the appointment of the Council secretary. 11) Confirming the appointment of the assistants and general directors of

provinces. 12) Determining the salary and fring benefits of The Imam Relief

Supervisor, his successor and the central council secretary. 13) Making a decision about the proposals of The Imam Relief Supervisor

and inspectors and every member of the central council. 14) Having control over the state of carrying out the orders and policies of

The Supreme Leader, executing the acts of the central council and the correct implementation of the related rules and regulations.

15) Confirming the establishment or dissolution of the main offices and branches inside and outside the country.

16) Studying and approving the executive ways of the assigned duties from the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the course of the Imam Relief duties.

17) Offering the annual performance reports to the Supreme Leader (G.B).

Article Twelve The audit and control assistancy of the Supreme Leader ‘s office has the responsibility of the control and will act according to the duties and instructions notified from The Supreme Leader’s office. Amendment The Central Council would appoint an inspector or inspectors for supervising internally the structures.


Article thirteen According to the proposal of the central council, confirmation and command of the Supreme Leader, the supervisor of The Imam Relief is appointed for 5 years. The supervisor as an executive officier of The Imam Relief is in charge of carrying out all the affairs, conducting the activities and protecting the rights and benefits of the Imam Relief. And he performs his duties through the framework of this constitution and the acts of the central council. Article fourteen Duties and authorities of the Imam Relief ‘s supervisor are:- 1) Proposing the reform and change of the structures to the central council

to be approvad 2) Representing The Imam Relief in all organizations, signing the

documents and securities. 3) Preparing and arranging the aimes, policies, strategies, mid- term and

long – term programs and the annual budget of the Imam Relief to be proposed to the central council for approval.

4) Offering the annual performance report, the financial and accounting bills of The Imam Relief.

5) Preparing the required regulations of The Imam Relief to be proposed to the central council for approval.

6) Appointing and discharging the assistants and general directors of the provinces by considering the article eleven of the central council ‘s duties.

7) Communicating with other governmental and non – governmental foundations and organizations to provide the aimes of The Imam Relief and the necessary coordination.

8) Getting the ratified credits, recovering the claims, paying back debts and concluding the required agreements (by having the right of entrusting the authority).

9) Preserving the properties and facilities of The Imam Relief , regaining all the related rights from the actual and legal persons, bringing any lawsuit before the qualified authorities, making peace and compromise and assigning an affair for judgement (by having the right of giving power of attorney).

10) Giving a loan, taking a loan, getting any kind of credit through the framework of constitution and the approved program and budget.

11) Receiving vows aides and donations.


12) Opening and blocking current account, saving account and the required deposits in the banks and the other credit and financial institutions of inside and outside the country and preserving all the accounts of the Imam Relief.

13) Issuing the executive instructions and directives. 14) Confirming and notifying the executive rules and methods of the

assistancies and related unites. 15) Identifying, promising, facilitating and issuing the permission of paying

the budgetary commitments and donations. 16) Proposing to the central council the establishment or dissolution of main

offices and branches inside and outside the country. Article fifteen

The suecessor in the absence of The Imam Relief Supervisor will perform the current affairs on behalf of the supervisor. Amentment

The successor is to be appointed by the introduction of the supervisor and confirmation of the central council. Article sixteen

The financial documents of the Imam Relief’s treasury account will be issued by the sign of the supervisor, successor, the related assistant and the seal of The Imam Relief. Amendment 1 The huge accounts of revenue will be issued by the sign of the supervisor or his successor and one of the central council members. Amendment 2 The financial documents of branches related to the Imam Relief will be arranged according to the related rules by entrusting the authority of The Imam Relief supervisor. Article seventeen The fiscal year of The Imam Relief will begin each year in 1 farvardin and terminate at the end of Isfand of the same year.


Amendment 1 The annual accounts and the governmental aides and credits are prepared and arranged through the framework of the related rules and regulations and the acts of the central council. Amendment 2 The financial and accounting bills and credits related to Vali Faghih and the private revenues of The Imam Relief will be prepared according to the related rules by The Imam Relief supervisor sent to the central council with the annual performance report. The central council will receive the inspector ‘s (auditor) comment on this list and their special report utmost within one month. Amendment 3 The annual performance report, the annual financial and accounting reports (subject of amendment 2 ) should be given to the inspector (auditor) utmost till the end of mordad of the following year and also giving the acquitance to the Imam Relief supervisor is obligatory. Amendment 4 After the approval of the central council, a copy of the annual report of the performance, financial- accounting accounts shall be offered to The Supreme Leader. (G.B.L). Article eighteen : Limitations A) The transactions of the Imam Relief whether directly or indirectly with

chiefs, directors, first – class relatives (marital and consanguinal relatives ) is forbidden.

B) fulfilling transactions that causes competition with Relief’s dealings is forbidden for directors and officials of The Imam Relief.

C) Giving a loan and credit to directors and officials of The Imam Relief will be merely according to a regulation approved by the central council.

Article nineteen The dissolution of The Imam Relief will be done merely according to the identification and order of The Supreme Leader (G.B.L). And in this case, all the estates shall be under the authority of His Honor.


Article twenty The early constitution of The Imam Relief was worked out in 1987 and signed by The Great Leader of The Islamic Revolution, The Imam Khomeini (C.B). And by permission of The Supreme Leader, The Great Ayat ollah Khamenei (G.B.L) (Figure 5), this constitution was reviewed and in a form of an introduction, 20 articles and 15 amendments was signed by his Honor in 2001 and allowed this constitution to be registered and carried out by the supervisor of The Imam Relief. By the approval of this constitution, all the regulations contrary to it will be cancelled.

Figure 5. Ayat ollah Khomeini. The vision document of lmam Khomeini Relief foundation in the horizon of 1404 S.A.H The 20 year's vision document of Relief is a charter outlining collection of long – term, desirable and aggregated movement's for achieving the elevated summit of the Islamic system, in other words, creating a good Islamic life, providing the material welfare as well as justice, spirituality and morality for people specially the deprived who are the real shareholders of the Islamic system. The 20 year's vision document of Relief is based upon constitutional principles, direct supervision and guidelines set by late Imam Khomeini and Supreme Leader, constitution of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) and its useful experiences which are all coordinating factors to carry out the mission of the 20 year's vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran which can be implemented and put in to effect in the form of the four stage five year's program. Relying on the Glorious God, the concept of Imam Khomeini Relief foundation (IKRF) is considered as an


Islamic Revolutionary Institution risen from the heart of people, true believers and allegiance of Islamic revolution, with developed, dynamic and constant identity, Which is a pattern in providing the relief and support services with a constructive and effective cooperation in the national and international relations arena under direct Supreme Leader superior supervision. Imam Khomeini relief foundation perspectives through the horizon of this vision are as follow

• Developing useful and national network of communication and support in order to carry out deep, permanent, efficient and effective tasks for the deprived class of the society by respecting the comprehensive and demanded principles.

• Having a major role as the powerful arm of the Islamic republic of Iran in strengthening social support and balance, assisting government in carrying out social programs, services and supports.

• Being a pioneer in reviving and promoting the Islamic good traditions that have an effect on strengthening the social coalition, empowering peoples close relation with The Islamic System, providing the real justice and social satisfactory.

• Protecting and strengthening family organ, reviving personal, family and national honor and dignity and traditional values, enabling deprived sector of the society, uprooting poverty with emphasis on the self – respect and self – reliance.

• Having an effective and constructive relation with organizations and institutions, relying on national participations as well as private resources and benefiting from public resources.

• Inspiring, active and effective through national level, both Islamic and international societies as a considerable support for deprived and oppressed sector of the society.

Central council By inspiration from the life-giving teachings of Islam, The Great Imam Khomeini in 1978 issued the command of establishing The Relief Foundation. According to his bright and blessing command and considering his understanding of some fighter figures during the Islamic Movement years, this important and dangerous mission was given to the honorable persons such as sir. Askar Owladi, sir. Karroobi and the late Shafigh and according to The Imam Khomeini’ request His two other companions (sir.Seyyed Reza Nayyeri and sir.Abolfazl Haji Heidari) joined this council.


So the number of council’s members increased to 5 persons and basically the way of managing this Foundation was determined as a council. At present time, the Central Council of The Imam Relief- after The Supreme Theological Mandate- is the highest rank of this Foundation and responsible for all the duties and affairs. Its present members are as follow: Haj Habib Allah Askar Owladi, Haj Hossein Anvari, Haj Seyyed Reza Nayyeri, Haj Abolfazl Haji heidari, Haj Hamid Reza Tarraghi (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Image of central council. The Public Invitation for Participating in Giving Aid to the Needy and the Relief Seekers under the Protection of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) The Imam Khomeini Relief foundation, as the greatest supportive organization, supports more than 4/5 million of the deprived and the needy people in the country. Inspired by Islamic ideology, life giving and human empowering teachings of Islam In order to give the effective and demanded aid to the needy and deprived classes of the Islamic Nation and to provide a suitable and reliable infrastructure for collecting the cash and non cash aids of the humanitarian and noble people of Islamic Iran whether donations, vows, charities, aids for the victims of the natural and unnatural events or religious payments (expiation, zakat (poor rate as prescribed by Islam), khoms (1/5 of ones earning) and spending them in regard of uprooting poverty and material needs of the real deprived and needy people, Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) announce its complete readiness. Therefore, all of the interested parties, by using one of the following ways all year around may have their cash and non cash aids donated under


this foundation authority in order to be given to the deprived and needy people of the society. 1) -Via internet payment (www.emdad.ir) 2) -Via coming personally to the offices of Imam Khomeini Relief

Foundation throughout the country. 3) -Via alms boxes. 4) -Via settling the cash payments in the following banking accounts:

• Account No.103333333000 of Melli Bank,Payam Enghelab Islami Branch (for any kind of cash aids)

• Account No. 333333333000 of Keshavarzi Bank,Ozgol Branch (for any kind of cash aids )

• Account No. 200560056005 of Melli Bank, Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation Branch (for international aid)

• Account No.200555999004 of Melli Bank, Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation Branch. (for disaster aid)

• Account No.200570057007 of Melli Bank, Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation Branch (for Ikram plan)

• Account No. 200580058009 of Melli Bank, Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (for religious aid).

• Account No. 200630063006 of Melli bank, Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (for Zakat aid).

5) - Settling the cash payments in foreign exchange account No.333 of

Melli bank, Payam Enghelab Islami Braneh (for the foreign exchange cash aids).

6) - Announcing the readiness in relation to any kind of voluntary cooperation with this Foundation for the benefit of the deprived being protected in an appropriate manner.

Many years ago, when agricultural sciences were introduced in Iran, the newly educated agricultural engineers tried to transmit their knowledge and skills to farmers who had learnt farming from their fathers and grandfathers. They thought this would be easy. These farmers, however, didn’t allow new technologies to come into their farms. They believed that the power of their own hands was more than the words of young engineers with books. This new generation planned a better future for the farmers, in which machines would replace manpower and cow power, a world with more crops per drop. But an actual relationship between farmers and scientists did not exist until a group of agricultural engineers communicated with ethnic farmers in a


relationship of equity and equality, by having them participate in creating special connections between different kinds of knowledge. This group was called agricultural extension engineers (Rahimi, 2000). The main purpose of the stable development is recovery and promotion in the life surfaces for all, also keeping and operating of better than ecosystems and providing the more security and the more prosperous in the next (Ellis and Biggs, 2001). Development and Growth as an economic and social context, in one hand by economists and then by socialist and other researchers of some sciences such as geography had been paid attention and became as the base of planning. Permanent problems in study the economic development literature and social changes are to recognize the concept of development and growth (Ghadir Masoum and Habibi, 2004). Development word has different definition and interpretation in view of development economists and researchers which including the increasing of production efficiency, promotion of life quality and quantity level, remove poverty and privation, promotion the health and therapy service level, removing unemployment problems and inflation and providing socio-economic requirements. In fact, development is a thing which influences our living. The ideal meaning of development is to improve all living quality (Khakpour, 2006). In other definition of development, we can consider it as an economic, social and political process which resulted from living standard and cause to improve the living level of increasing population. Development process has so importance that it must be observed parallel to population growth. The most important subject in definition of development is its attitude to humankind. One that is considering about development is its popularity, participation and endogenous. As we can say that, in fact, development is for human and about human and its final end is to reach human to satisfaction stage from his/her life (Eanali and Taherkhani, 2005). Today, because of human efforts we can see a growing progress in science and technologies. People can live by working. Today, Imam Khomeini relief committee is one of the biggest supporting organizations in Iran and supports 5 millions of poor people by various services and tries to make them self-sufficient with his empowerment programs. Financial resources of this organization are supplied by Supreme Leader helps, governmental funds, public funds, local incomes, religious monies and economical activities incomes. Most Persons protégé of Imam Khomeini relief committee are in low deciles of incomes, poverty can be clearly seen between these people and supporting organization’s help is not that much to solve main needs of these them. Low incomes, lack of permanent occupation and also lack of good job fortunes, may lead health of society to other abnormalities, which can be solved just by spending lots of money and time.


But suitable solution is creating fields for economic activities which approach to employment especially for household women, which can cause guard of human dignity and can maintain status of people and release them of poverty. Strategy of economic empowerment of deprived which approaches to employment is the most supporting program of Imam Khomeini relief committee to provide suitable occupations in different economic and social sections for Persons protégé of committee (Ghadiri Masom and Sharafi, 2007). Guilan province with an area of 14042 km2 and for its suitable climate and regional conditions is one of the most capable districts for employment plans in agricultural section which can be a factor of generating employment and with suitable income for covered families. By considering to the goals and potential and actual conditions of province in different matters specially in Agriculture, relief committee of Imam khomeini has started its plans in fields of farming, gardening, greenhouse and so on, which has reached 3500 stable plans at the end of 2007 that caused progress and prosperity of Persons protégé talents in a lot of fields, specially in economical and social one’s. This research has been done after this plan, and studies its economical and social effects on covered families by Agricultural plans, also it studies the plan’s distance to primary goals. Materials and methods Research aims General aims The general aims of this research, is comparing economical and social situation of covered families by Imam Khomeini relief committee. The location of experiment was showed in figure 7. This comparison is between those who have been benefited of self-sufficiency plans to those who have not been benefited of these plans, in order to show effects of these plans on, poverty bleaching, stable occupations and improvement of their income situation. Exclusive goals 1. Review of occupation fortunes and prevent migrations. 2. Review and study on economical independency of covered people. 3. Compare agricultural plans about occupation and self-sufficiency. 4. Review effects of plans on income increase of benefited families.


Figure 7. Location of study area.

5. Review effects of plans on incensement of agricultural products. 6. Review effects of plans on co-operations and team works. 7. Review effects of plans on associations’ participating. 8. Review of problem and bottlenecks of plan. Research theories 1. There is a difference between 2 reviewed groups, in terms of income. 2. There is a difference between 2 reviewed groups, in terms of social

activities. 3. There is a difference between 2 reviewed groups, in terms of gender. 4. There is a difference between 2 reviewed groups, in terms of education

level. 5. Agricultural plans increase self confidence. 6. Agricultural plans increase hope to the future. 7. Agricultural plans are effective on economical independency of people. Research method Comparing two groups of covered families by Imam Khomeini relief committee, in terms of social and economical situation, first group contains covered people who have been benefited of agricultural plans, and second group contains covered people who have not been benefited by mentioned plans.


The statistical The statistical of this research, covers Persons protégé of Imam Khomeini relief committee in Guilan with the frequency of 117,000 families. All profiles of this society is submitted in registration offices and is available. Statistical sample Statistical sample contains two groups of Persons protégé: 1. First group contains people that were benefited just by agricultural

plans. 2. This group contains people that self-sufficiency and employment plans

have not been executed for them. These groups’ people are selected how, to have the most similarity and the biggest difference of them is, being benefited or not being benefited by self-sufficiency and employment plans of agricultural plans, then volume of sample was determined using “korjus and Morgan” and also “Cohen” decision models. A. Sampling method In determining the statistical sample, we tried to find a sample which is along the goals of the mentioned research that we could test the goals, so among 3500 covered families by agricultural plans and 100,000 of ordinary families, some families were selected and reviewed by accidental sampling method. The main tool for gathering information in this research was questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was calculated by re-examination and Cronbakh alpha coefficient and also we used SPSS software for information analysis and data description. B. Data gathering method Data have been gathered using library and field methods. C. Data gathering tool Parts of data have been calculated using available documents in proteges’ files and then a questionnaire was created according to the goals and theories of research.


Inside and outside justifiability validity of questionnaire was done in a limited level, and after finalizing the questionnaires, trained questioners started to fill them, and researchers reviewed them at each level. D. Data analysis method After categorizing and summarizing of data, we used SPSS software to extract these notes: 1. Descriptive data of sample statistics contains both benefited and non-

benefited of loan, groups. 2. Comparison of average loan in benefited and non-benefited, using

Average Comparison, T test and Mann-Whitney test. 3. Determining the meaningful relation between two groups, using T test

and Mann-Whitney test. 4. Review of social and economical indexes between two groups (benefited

and non-benefited). Results and discussion Decreasing regional differences, particularly between cities and villages for preventing human and funds movement and migration are very effective in providing the development. Spatial inequity causes the place not to be used best, provides the means of geographical accumulation of poverty and the intensity of privation in some regions, weakens national and social coherent, makes the best and voluntarily allocation of human force specially expert human force in regions impossible, increases impolitic migrations and makes the best distribution of the population in space, impossible. In short, spatial inequity increases the probability of poverty, unemployment, marginalization, migration and injustice. Development means the increasing of human abilities in well exploiting of his environment. Rational exploiting depends on economical, social and cultural properties. Therefore, every condition that is effective in increasing the abilities in regions, prepares the way for development. Migration, poverty, low production and exploiting, unemployment, etc. in different regions of the country are the result of inefficient operations of economical, social and cultural organizations, overpopulation and discriminatory policies for cities and villages and lack of welfare, producing and fundamental facilities (Yasouri, 2011). The study of economical and social indicators and the determination of the areas benefit are very urgent in the direction of finalizing development


guidelines. The present study has been performed with the aim of recognizing development condition of areas in the Guilan province and recognizing the challenges and direction of areas development. The result s of the study indicates that there is an inharmonious development in areas and deprivation of regions. Policy that has failed to reduce regional inequalities and these programs, immigration, uncontrolled urban development and agricultural change in the border cities have followed. Conditions of spatial distribution of credits and investments are done for removing deprivation and having facilities and services and depend on the condition of settling population and resources to some extents. But studying the condition of credits distribution in the forth development plan in Guilan indicates that some regions could allocate more shares of credits to themselves by any reason. Particularly, the condition of national credits distribution in the level of province’s regions shows the role of government and regional officials’ ideas well in directing credits. One of the important fields in recognizing disparity condition among regions is studying the condition of government’s investment during past plans. Government always tries to allocate resources such as credits to all regions well by decreasing disparities and providing fields of growth and development. Past functions have not approach this goal (Yasouri, 2011). The reduction in regional differences to stop the movement and displacement of human forces and capital in the direction of preparing the ground for development is very effective. Development means boosting human potentials for the improved utilization of his environment. Rational utilization depends on economical, social and cultural particulars. Therefore any kind of condition that is effective in the improvement of region’ capabilities will lead to the preparation of the ground for regional development. Immigration, poverty, low production and efficiency, joblessness and … in areas of the region is the result of inefficient performance of economical, social and cultural foundations, agricultural depression, disorganized growth of population and discriminatory policies and the low level of enjoying fundamental facilities and productions. Therefore, the study of economical and social indicators and the determination of the areas benefit are very urgent in the direction of finalizing development guidelines (Yasouri, 2011). The present study has been performed with the aim of recognizing development condition of areas in the province and recognizing the challenges and direction of areas development. Some cities, despite having a high percentage of per capita funding of the program is located at the bottom. Evaluation criteria developed for the enjoyment of such facilities, environmental, manufacturing, services, infrastructure and welfare, it is used (Yasouri, 2011).


Development is considered to be one of the pervasive trends in fulfilling the needs of human being to assure a better life and answering his logical demands (Jome Pour, 2000). Development trend, programming, diagnosing the current situation, level of development, regional differences in development, description of essentials of development, and finally a huge effort to solve the problems and facing the needs in order to balance odds are of great importance. Accordingly indexes and factors can reflex the economical and social condition. There is no doubt that analyzing development without considering human development is of no value. Data description and analyzing 1. Data description In this research, the researcher used frequency distribution tables for data description, to show frequency of nominal and sequential variables and also distance variables which have been recoded, where the results are correspondent to descriptive statistics and have described data in a suitable way for each level of measuring (Tables 3-14).

Table 3. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to previous job.

Table 4. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to current job.


Table 5. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to gender.

Table 6. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to education level.

Table 7. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to effects of relief committee’s plans on hope to the future.

Table 8. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to the image of their and their family’s welfare in the future.


Table 9. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to their confidence on what they want to do.

Table 10. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to their belief in themselves capability in controlling life.

Table 11. Distribution of responder’s frequency in according to participating in associations.

Table 12. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to taking part in social activities (group works).


Table 13. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to type of agricultural plan.

Table 14. Distribution of responder’s frequency according to the levels of total income.

2. Data analyzing To choose a suitable test for reviewing the meaningful level of differences between groups average (Parametric methods) by using decision tree, we used independent t-test from SPSS software. The results of this test for comparing two groups of people (benefited and non-benefited) income is presented in table 15. Also, to analyze and test 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th theories, we used decision tree (Suitable non-parametric test), because reviewed groups are independent and two groups have been studied, we used Mann-Whitney test. Results of T test analysis show that (table 15); income of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant difference in 1% probability level. The highest income was obtained of benefited people. Annual income benefited people from agriculture projects were higher than others non-benefited people. Results of Mann-Whitney test analysis show that (table 16); social activities of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant difference in 1% probability level. The highest social activities Such as agricultural cooperatives, producer and etc were obtained of benefited people. Results of Mann-Whitney test analysis show that (table 17); education level of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant difference in 1% probability level. The lowest education level was obtained of benefited people.


Table 15. Comparison of mean income of benefited people and non-benefited people using independent t-test.

Table 16. Comparison of mean social activities of benefited people and non-benefited people using Mann-Whitney test.

Table 17. Comparison of mean education level of benefited people and non-benefited people using Mann-Whitney test.


Results of Mann-Whitney test analysis show that (table 18); gender of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant difference in 1% probability level. The highest gender was obtained of benefited people. Results of Mann-Whitney test analysis show that (table 19); self confidence of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant difference in 1% probability level. The lowest self confidence was obtained of benefited people. Results of Mann-Whitney test analysis show that (table 20); hope to the future of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant difference in 1% probability level. The highest hope to the future was obtained of benefited people. Knowing these people, because of mental and participation in agricultural projects, expect more of yourself and your family are coming to Leader. Results of Mann-Whitney test analysis show that (table 21); economical independency of benefited people and non-benefited people had a significant Table 18. Comparison of mean gender of benefited people and non-benefited people using Mann-Whitney test.

Table 19. Comparison of mean self confidence of benefited people and non-benefited people using Mann-Whitney test.


Table 20. Comparison of mean hope to the future of benefited people and non-benefited people using Mann-Whitney test.

Table 21. Comparison of mean economical independency of benefited people and non-benefited people using Mann-Whitney test.

difference in 1% probability level. The highest economical independency was obtained of benefited people. Because annual income benefited people from agriculture projects were higher than others non-benefited people. References 1. DANIEL EGEL DJAVAD SALEHI-ISFAHANI. Middle East Development

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3. Ghadir Masoum M, Habibi K (2004). Assessment and analysis of levels of development for Townships of Golestan province. Letter of Social Sciences, 23:147-170.


4. Ghadiri Masom, Sharafi H (2007). Self-evaluation committee plans to increase participation by virtue of Imam Khomeini militants. Journal of Geography and Regional Development. 8(1): 1-12.

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6. Mohammad Rahimi (2000): Extension in Agrometeorology Through The Right Type of Intermediaries, Agrometeorological Department, Ministry of Agriculture INSAM.

7. Yasouri, M. 2011. The study of investigates special distribution in Guilan Province. Geographical Landscape (Human Studies). 6(14):27-30.

8. Jafari, M. 2012. Human Development Indexes Analysis In Guilan Province and Its Position in the Country of Iran During the Years 1996 to 2006. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 2(8): 7662-7673.



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