Study of cosmic ray shower front and time structure with ARGO-YBJ
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Study of cosmic ray shower front
and
time structure with ARGO-YBJ
A. Karen C. M., Lorenzo Perrone
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NEW FEATURES
Larger statistics simulations
Allows comparison of simulation to data
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Definition of observables
1. The curvature of the shower front as the mean of time residuals with respect to a planar fit (Td)
2. The thickness of the shower front as the root mean square (RMS) of time residuals with respect to a conical fit (TS)
….from ICRC07
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Definition of observables
Shower axis - trajectory of the incident primary cosmic ray particle towards the obervation level
Shower plane – plane perpendicular to the shower axis
R – radial distance from the shower core
The shower disk refers to the curved disk of secondary shower particles towards earth
….from Kascade-Grande
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Mean arrival time vs distance to shower core
Thickness vs distance to shower core
….from Kascade-Grande
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Shower Reconstruction
Conical Fit
2E
PE
PE0
PP
2 )mcyl
cxtt(
EEEEEE sinsinm and cossinl
2PE
PE
PE0
PP
2 )c
Rmc
ylc
xtt(
Planar Fit
In EAS experiments for an event E the time tEP can be measured on each fired detector unit P, whose position (xP,yP) is well known
Primary direction cosines
angle azimuth
angle zenith
E
E
This quantity is not a proper 2 . Indeed the measurement unit is ns2
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Data Selection
•A successful reconstruction of the global shower observables is required
•Nhit > 20
•Reconstructed shower core coordinates are within the central carpet
• Sub-sample well reconstructed days 006-007 2009 (new data sample)
•Zenith angle less than 15°
Room left for more accurate event selection and quality cuts
Cuts used for ICRC07
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Data
Mean of the time residuals (from Planar fit) profile as a function of the core distance
for different pad multiplicities
Shower curvature
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Data
RMS of time residuals (from Conical fit) profile as a function of the core distance
for different pad different multiplicities
Shower thickness
statistical errors :errors on the mean
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Larger statistics simulationsLarger statistics simulationsProduction of Corsika showers with Grid
- Corsika 6720- SIBYLL as high energy interaction model- FLUKA as low energy interaction model- dN/dE ~ E-1 300 GeV - 300 TeV- dN/d ~ sincos 0-45°
Used ce :pi.infn.itba.infn.itna.infn.it (only tested)ihep.ac.cn (only tested)cnaf.infn.it (heavyly used)
Used se : ts.infn.it
August 2008 - December 2008
~ 107 showers ~ 2.3 Tera
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Generated Sample vs Energy-ZenithGenerated Sample vs Energy-Zenith
10 TeV
100 TeV
1 TeV
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Processing through argog at CNAFProcessing through argog at CNAF
Generation area: 200× 200 m2
Each shower is used up to 10 times after re-sampling the core position
Overall simulated data set ~ 107 events
Argog processing time at CNAF: 100 CPU ~36 hours
Motivation: cross checking the dependence on hadronic models for the cross-section analysis and time front structure
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100 TeV
10 TeV
Simulated Events vs Energy-AngleSimulated Events vs Energy-Angle
1 TeV
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100 TeV
10 TeV
Usage of individual showers vs Energy-AngleUsage of individual showers vs Energy-Angle
1 TeV
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Xmax from corsika fit to the longitudinal profiles included in the produced corsika binary files
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SummarySummary
- The production on GRID relatively smooth (GRID malfunctioning limited to short time windows)
- Problems with the ``time bomb'' implemented in FLUKA. This periodically requires a new installation if the production takes longer than few months. (FLUKA doesn't distribute the source code. No way to by-pass this ``feature'' in a clean way). It makes almost impossible to reproduce a given shower generated in the ``past''
Common problem for several experiments. The community is considering to move to UrQMD . It behaves similarly as FLUKA at least in the TeV
range (Geisha is not manteined any longer)
Showers available at /storage/gpfs_argo1/Production/MC/Corsika6.7201/storage/gpfs_argo1/Production/MC/Corsika6.7201 2.3 Tb 2.3 Tb
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Simulation
Mean of the time residuals (from Planar fit) profile as a function of the core distance
for pad different multiplicities
Shower curvature
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Simulation
RMS of time residuals (from Conical fit) profile as a function of the core distance
at different multiplicities
Shower thickness
statistical errors :errors on the mean
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Comparison data with MC
Zenith Angle distribution
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Comparison data with MC
Mean of the time residuals (from Planar fit) profile: good agreement between data and simulation
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Comparison data with MC
Mean of the time residuals (from Planar fit) profile: good agreement between data and simulation
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Comparison data with MC
Mean of the time residuals (from Planar fit) profile: sensible differences between data and simulation for lower pad multiplicities
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Comparison data with MC
RMS of time residuals (from Conical fit) profile: to be investigated
nhit 200-400
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Moderate correlation of conicity with Xmax for protons
What else can we learn of shower phenomenology…..
New fit with alpha free
true value
Observable
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What’s more….