Study of Attitude Towards Girl Child

Project Report on

“To Study The Attitude Towards Girl Child In Rural

And Urban Area”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement

Of Research Methods In Business Term III

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Prof. Timira Shukla Arun Kumar Verma (BM0837)

Chairperson P.G.D.M Arvind Jain (BM08038)

I.M.S Ghaziabad Aryesh Saroha (BM08039)

Ashish Gulia (BM08040)

Ashish Rathi (BM08041)

Asim Khan (BM08043)

Avantika Ghatak (BM08044)

Charanpreet Singh (BM08046)

Dakshi Bharati (BM08047)

Danesh Ahmed (BM08048)

1

DECLARATION

This is to certify that we, the students of Post Graduate Diploma in Management

(PGDM) 3rd Trimester have personally worked on the project titled “To Study The

Attitude Towards Girl child In Rural And urban Area” under the guidance of

Prof. Timira Shukla, Chairperson P.G.D.M at Institute of Management Studies, Lal

Quan, Ghaziabad, U.P. during the session January – April 2009. The data mentioned

in this report were obtained during genuine work done and collected by us. Data

obtained from Internet, books, journals and magazines have been duly acknowledged.

We, hereby affirm that the work has been done by us in all its aspects and results

reported in this study are genuine and true to best of our knowledge.

Date: 30/03/09

Arun Kumar Verma(BM0837).……………

Arvind Jain(BM08038)……………………..

Aryesh Saroha (BM08039)…………………..

Ashish Gulia(BM08040)………………………

Ashish Rathi (BM08041)………………………

Asim Khan (BM08043)………………………

Avantika Ghatak (BM08044)…………………

Charanpreet Singh (BM08046)……………….

Dakshi Bharati (BM08047)………………….

Danesh Ahmed (BM08048………………….

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to Prof. Timira Shukla, Chairperson P.G.D.M at Institute of

Management Studies, Ghaziabad. Without whose sincere effort and careful guidance

this project would not have been possible.

We express our special thanks to the Librarian and Laboratory assistants for their

immense support. We are also indebted to our friends for their cooperation.

Our family members are the sources of our inspiration. Above all we are grateful to

us as our teamwork made this project a success.

Arun Kumar Verma(BM0837).……………

Arvind Jain(BM08038)……………………..

Aryesh Saroha (BM08039)…………………..

Ashish Gulia(BM08040)………………………

Ashish Rathi (BM08041)………………………

Asim Khan (BM08043)………………………

Avantika Ghatak (BM08044)…………………

Charanpreet Singh (BM08046)……………….

Dakshi Bharati (BM08047)………………….

Danesh Ahmed (BM08048………………….

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 SUMMARY 4

2 INTRODUCTIONA. LITERATURE REVIEW

B. OBJECTIVE

5613

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYA. TYPE OF RESEARCH

B. SCOPE

C. SAMPLING TECHNIQUED. SAMPLING UNIT

141414

1414

4 DATA ANALYSIS & FINDINGSA. AREA AND STATUS OF

OBSERVED URBAN SAMPLEB. AREA AND STATUS OF

OBSERVED RURAL SAMPLEC. ONEWAY ANOVA: (AT 5%

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE)D. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

MEANS OF RURAL ANDURBAN

E. KOLMOGROV SMIRNOV TEST

1515

24

33

39

40

5 CONCLUSION 466 LIMITATIONS 47

7 LIST OF TABLES 48

8 ANNEXUREA. QUESTIONNAIRE

B. EXCEL SHEET OF THEDATA: ATTACHED WITH

THE FILE

53

9 REFERENCE 56

4

1. SUMMARY

The present research study titled “To study the attitude towards girl child in rural

and urban India” has been done by a batch of 10 students of PGDM (08-10) batch

of IMS Ghaziabad. Discrimination against girl child occurs in every strata of society-

rich or poor. having different forms of manifestation, but is more visible especially in

poverty stricken families or in families under financial stress. A girl is made to fit in a

culturally defined role - be it at home or outside. Traditions have portrayed girls as

less important than boys, less deserving of basic quality of life. Some of these

retrograde traditions have “become so deeply internalized that they have come to

stand for what is ‘right’ and ‘natural’, and the girls themselves have frequently come

to endorse their own second-class status”. The main object in conducting this

research study was to fill the knowledge gaps and thereby assist in devising

purposeful lines of action that will facilitate removal of the barriers in the socio-

development of the girl child. We have taken following major factors in our study:

1.Sending girl child out of station

2.Her right in parent’s property

3.Preference for her marriage age

4.Preference of profession for girl child and many more.

For our study we have taken a sample of 200 people 100 from each strata i.e. rural

and urban. Our main focus was on father and mother besides that couple without

child and adolescent boys and girls were also taken under study.

5

2. INTRODUCTION:

"Short-changing girls is not only a matter of gender

discrimination; it is bad economics and bad societal policy.

Experience has shown, over and over again, that investment in

girls' education translate directly and quickly into better nutrition

for the whole family, better health care, declining fertility, poverty

reduction and better overall economic performance"

- Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary General

Sex ratio, an important social indicator measuring extent of prevailing equity between

males and females in society, is defined as no. Of females /1000 males. Changes in

sex ratio reflect underlying socioeconomic, cultural patterns of a society. As per 2001

census sex ratio in India is 933/1000 males, which continues to be significantly

adverse towards women and is the lowest amongst 10 most populous countries in

world. Russia tops the list in sex ratio (1140) followed by USA (1029). Most alarming

is decrease in CSR (Child sex ratio 0-6). In Punjab the number was least (793) in

2001, followed by Haryana (820) and Chandigarh (845). Advances in technology and

diagnostic facilities have opened up avenue for the girl haters leading to serious

disturbances in sex ratio as a result of female foeticide. Desire for male child

manifests so blatantly that parents have no qualms about repeated, closely spaced

pregnancies, premature deaths and even terminating child before it is born. Birth of

female child is perceived as a curse with economic and social liability. In each corner

of India, girls face discrimination, they often receive less food than boys, have less

access to schooling and unlike boys they are made to do long hours of labour

beginning at a tender age. Therefore, to assess the attitude towards girl child, we are

doing this study in urban and rural India.

2A. LITERATURE REVIEW:

1.Shanthi Ananthakrishnan and P. Nalini

“Social Status of the Rural Girl Child in Tamil Nadu”-- In the study although

there was desire to have sons, a girl child is not ignored. The value of having a girl in

the family was appreciated. There was no gender discrimination in giving nutrition

and health care. However the workload in girls was found to be marginally higher

6

than in boys. The educational status of girls was lower than that of boys in terms of

school enrollment and attendance.

2.Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Professor & Head, Department of Economics,

At the symposium on “Education and Health of Girl Child at PEDICON

Education & Health of Girl Child in Urban India” –this survey mainly shows that

Drop out rates for girls are very high particularly in rural areas. Recent studies have

shown that for every 100 girls in Class 1 in rural areas, there are only 40 in class 5, 18

in class 8 and 1 in class 10.

3.Neeru Sharma, Sumati Vaid and Laila Khalid “Inter-Generational Attitude

(Mothers and Daughters) Towards Education and Employment”—in this review

we have observed that the mothers are more supportive towards their daughters and

they don’t show biasness between their daughters and sons for example more than

half (52%) of the mothers want their daughters educational level to be up to post

graduation and 95% of the mothers would allow their daughters to select subjects of

their own choice and take admission in any college, even out of the state.

4.S Puri, V Bhatia, HM Swami

“Gender Preference and Awareness Regarding Sex Determination among

Married Women in Slums of Chandigarh” -- The study done in the age group of

20-35 years included married women belonging to poor socioeconomic groups

residing in rural The preference for a male higher & birth of girl child, not an occasion

to celebrate has its origin in the age-old custom. Dowry is a major reason for parents

to resent a daughter birth & moreover they think it is pointless to spend so much on a

girl education and upbringing only to leave for another’s home, without repaying.

5.Devaki Jain

“the Rights of the girl Child in India”--The very existence of the girl child is under

threat. Defying the normal male-female balance, and the higher survival capacity of

girl babies and greater life expectancy of women to men prevalent in human

populations, the female to male balance in India has been adverse to females for at

least the past 100 years. The 1901 National Census recorded a female to male ratio of

972 to 1000, for all ages. Virtually every subsequent census showed a worsening

decline.

7

6.Women's Studies & Development Centre University of Delhi :

Assessment of Attitudinal Difference towards Girl Child in Selected Districts of

North India--Rural girls, compared to urban girls, feel less discriminated against their

brothers in the family. Urban girls shoulder more household chores and are also

restricted from outside exposure. But more rural girls feel the difference in rearing

than urban girls with respect to love and affection given to them. More urban girls

than rural feel that they have to shoulder more houses hold related responsibilities.

Girls/boys work division is patriarchal in nature for both urban and rural setting. Only

a small section of the respondents (with a little higher rural percentage) said that boys

take up work to help their mothers. Boys are generally seen to be helping their fathers.

7.Research by- Centre for social research (New Delhi)

Action-based Research Project:‘Meri Shakti Meri Beti’(My Strength, My

Daughter) - Save the Girl Child:Achieving Gender Equality by Addressing

Sex Selection--Findings Through interactions in field experiences and FGDs it

initiated a process of conversation and awareness about the magnitude of the problem

of Female Foeticide, and the Expert Committee Meetings saw multiple, and

sometimes intersecting viewpoints on the interrelated issues of sex selection, son

preference and girl-child bias, and generating good discussion and debate from

medical, legal and socio-cultural perspectives.

8.Swarna S. Vepa

Gender equity & human development

The welfare of both women and men constitutes the human welfare. The gender

equality index computed and the major indicators of welfare show that the gender gap

is increasing in many aspects. All the aspects of livelihoods, such as literacy,

unemployment and wages now have larger gender gaps than before. Survival

indicators such as juvenile sex ratio, infant mortality, and child labour have

deteriorated for women, compared to men, though there has been a narrowing of

gender gaps in life expectancy and literacy. The overall gender gap has widened due

to larger gaps in some indicators, which are not compensated by the smaller

narrowing in other indicators both in the rural and urban context.

8

9.Indira Dey, Ramendra Narayan Chaudhuri :

Department of Community Medicine, North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling,

India2 Department of Maternal and Child Health, All India Institute of Hygiene

and Public Health, Kolkata, India: Gender preference and its implications on

reproductive behavior of mothers in a rural area of West Bengal In India, preference

for son is very strong and pervasive and has been frequently cited as one of the major

obstacles in reducing the national fertility level. Study depicts that 62.8% of mothers

considered two to be the ideal number of children. In NFHS 2 study, it was found that

47% of the ever-married woman in India considered two to be the ideal number of

children and 25% considered three to be the ideal number. The study revealed that

among mothers with one living child, all the mothers with a daughter and no son

desired for another child and wanted that child to be a boy. Whereas of the mothers

with only one son, 8.7% did not want another child and 43.5% of them desired

another son and the remaining (47.8%) wanted a daughter.

10.Social Action Forum for Manav Adhikar

“DISCRIMINATION OF THE GIRL CHILD IN UTTAR PRADESH”

FINDINGS

MARRIAGE

India has laws setting a minimum legal age for marriage. But these laws are often

ignored or not enforced in communities where poverty or tradition influences families

to marry their daughters at an early age. All the women whether urban or rural had

had their first child within two years of marriage.

INFANTICIDE

In most communities of India sons are valued more highly than daughters, especially

so in Uttar Pradesh where there are 898 females per 1,000 males. The baby, growing

inside her mother, may already be in danger because her parents might choose to end

the pregnancy when they find out that their baby is a girl. On the men respondents

being questioned as to whom they would prefer to give birth to, son or daughter, 50%

of the rural men and 64% of the rural women preferred a son, while 72% of the urban

men and 78% of the urban women said they would prefer a daughter. The urban

respondents have probably given this response because they knew the purpose of the

study and being qualified educated professionals wanted to look good and felt it was

the appropriate response to give. They were obviously lying because in the next few

9

questions when they were queried as to why they wanted a boy, they did not deny the

desire for a son and gave reasons such as a person can only get moksha if he is

cremated by his son, he is an old age support etc. Though barely 5% of the

respondents felt that only boys had the right to education and not girls.

Discrimination exists against the girl child in her access to nutrition and

physical and mental health services, future health. In many societies in India,

parents believe that good nutrition is more important for sons than daughters

because sons must importance on educating the girl. Among the rural folk

there is a very low or rather negligible acceptance of women's work outside

the home (except of working as a labour in the fields)

The study also revealed the following statistics:

- On being asked as to whether the girl is seen as a burden on the family only to be

married off over 74% rural respondents and 70% urban women answered in the

affirmative as against only 18% urban men.

- Interestingly enough on being asked as to whether the girls/women should only

follow men 60% rural men and 92% rural women answered in the affirmative as

compared to 1% urban men and 10% urban women.

12.Neeru Sharma, Sumati Vaid and Laila Khalid:

Inter-Generational Attitude (Mothers and Daughters) Towards Education and

Employment

P.G. Department of Home Science, University of Jammu, Jammu 180 006,

Jammu and Kashmir, India

This study was limited to Muslim women in the Poonch city of Poonch district of

Jammu and Kashmir State. The sample size was 50 Muslim women in the Age group

of 30-60 years and their 50 adolescent daughters in the age group of 12-22 years.

Findings:

-- The total literacy rates are 51.07%, out of which 65.41% males and 35.30%

females are literates

-- Results reveal that majority (94%) of the mothers want to have son as their first

10

issue. The reasons given are that the sons stay with parents and also provide benefits

and support to the parents in the old age. Birth of sons and daughters had been

celebrated by most of the mothers (94%and 92%). In case of celebrating birthdays,

most of the mothers (60% and 56%) do not celebrate the birthdays of their son as well

as daughters. So the mothers do not seem to be biased for gender of the child.

13.Stacy Taber, Student Participant

Abraham Lincoln High School

Des Moines, IA:

Women in India

--India is being criticized for its low female to male ratio, which is 960 women for

every 1,000 men. This statistic reflects the lower status of women. Since male

preference is adamant in India, women are more likely to be bereft of medical

attention, food, and education. When women lack education, they are more likely to

have more children, as children are their future financial security.

--About 5,000 estimated deaths occur each year in India from supposed “kitchen

fires”, but the correct term is “bride burning”.

--At least one third of the population of India, most of them female, does not get

adequate nourishment.

14.Dr Vasu Iyengar:

Namaste India Indian women and health

-- Genetics, migration, culture, demographics and influence on

women’s health

-- Women became more like silenced possessions rather than independent thinking

beings as they were previously regarded. Women’s nutrition suffered badly. Girls

were seen as a hardship to feed and support compared to boys, and they were married

off as fast as possible to avoid further expenses for their care. Many girls were lost in

childhood or with early age breeding (as early as 10 to 13 years of age) and many had

traumatic early adolescent childbirths.

-- millions of little Indian girls continue to suffer abject poverty, every kind of abuse

and social neglect, serious malnutrition, communicable and infective fatal diseases,

and HIV and STDs from birth.

11

15.Dr Ranjana Kumari

Director

Centre For Social Research,

New Delhi

Violence Against the Girl Child, Female Infanticide and Feticide: The Declining

Sex Ratio

-- Female feticide is a gross violation of many rights. The first is the right of the

unborn child to life. The second right violated is that of the woman’s right over her

body. Often the decision not to have the child is taken by the man (husband) or the

family and the opinion of the mother who painfully bears the child is rarely

considered. At the macro level, this has an impact on the sex ratio of the country

-- Another study reveals that out of 15 million abortions carried out in the world, India

alone accounted for 4 million (27%), 90 per cent of which were intended to eliminate

the girl child** while Indian population comprised 16,5% of world population.

-- The economic causes are the reasons, which are primarily materialistic in nature. It

is often difficult to separate economic causes from social causes.

The technological causes are the ones that gave birth to the problem of

feticide.

16.Sabrina Fernandes

California Center for Population Research

University of California, Los Angeles

Girls Versus Boys: Parents’ Attitudes Toward Children’s Educational

Attainment in South Asia

This study consists of three sets of multinomial logistic models, one for wives, one for

husbands, and one for couples. Data were collected in 1993-94 through interviews

with married women ages 15-39 and their husbands in a total of 26 community strata

in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand with the goal of enabling

comparative research among countries. Increased odds of favoring equal education in

the North rather than more education for boys run counter to what previous research

suggests, the relationships between region and favoring more education for girls are

12

reflective of known regional differences.

17.Naik VA, Kowli SS, Solanki MJ, Gorey R, Bhalerao VRDepartment of

Preventive and Social Medicine, Seth G. S. Medical College, Parel, Bombay.

Exposition of the status of girl child in urban area:

Naigaon BDD Chawls is the field practice area of King Edward Memorial Hospital

and is located within 1 km from it. There were 4051 families residing in these chawls,

out of which 3463 families had at least one female child (346 Family selected for

study). Literacy rate among the fathers was 93.4% and among mothers 76.2%. About

91.3% of fathers were employed, and per capita income of majority of the families

was above Rs. 200 per month. Educational status of the children in the 3-14 years age

group enrolment was 100%. About 10% children left school prematurely. There was

no significant difference between the proportion of male and female school dropouts.

93.9% (325) families wanted to get their daughters married after 18 years, while 6.1%

(21) parents wanted to get their daughters married before the age of 18 years.

2B. OBJECTIVE:

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To Study The Attitude Towards Girl Child In Rural And

Urban Area

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

To make an analysis of rural / urban differentials in attitude.

• To assess the attitudinal impact of various programmes and policies initiated by

the government, LAADLI by Delhi government and other schemes for children

and specifically for the girl child.

13

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

3A. Type Of Research: Exploratory research is used here in study as symptoms

are visible that is unjustified and biased attitude towards girl child in rural, semi urban

and urban areas in India but root cause is unknown. So to identify the main problem

or cause exploratory research is used.

3B. Scope:

Area of study= Delhi, Lucknow, Rohtak, Alwar

Number of individual study= 200

100=Urban 100=Rural

Time of study= 3 weeks

unit of analysis= area under observation, couple/person status, opinion on financial

decision related statement, opinion on emotional decision related statement.

Place surveys= Villages and Cities

3C. Sampling technique: convenience sampling technique is used as there

is a time and cost constraints .

3D. Sampling Unit: Followings from urban, semi urban and rural areas

are taken as sampling unit in a study to determine the attitude towards girl

child.

1.couples

a) Father & mother

b) Married but without child

2. Adolescent boy and girls

Sample Size: 200 units

14

4. DATA ANALYSIS & FINDINGS:

4A. Area and status of observed URBAN sample

Table 1:

area under observation

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid urban 100 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 2:

couple status


Cumulative

Percent

Valid fm 72 72.0 72.0 72.0

mwc 8 8.0 8.0 80.0

ab 18 18.0 18.0 98.0

ag 2 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

The sample size for “the study of attitude towards girl child in rural and urban area”

was taken 100 respondent each from rural and urban area . As shown in above table

status of couple/person: 72% were father and mother are , 8% were married but

without child , 18% were adolescent boy and 2% adolescent girl.

15

Liking of wards towards boy career:

Table 3:

boy career

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid dr 24 24.0 24.0 24.0

engg 22 22.0 22.0 46.0

pilot 21 21.0 21.0 67.0

teacher 6 6.0 6.0 73.0

anything 27 27.0 27.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent for boy career, 24% respond for doctor,

22% respond for engineer,21% respond for pilot,6% respond for teacher and 27%

respond for anything they want. Hence, most preferred is doctor as profession for boy

child.

Liking of wards towards girl career:

Table 4:

girl career


Valid dr 24 24.0 24.0 24.0

enggn 19 19.0 19.0 43.0

pilot 10 10.0 10.0 53.0

teacher 20 20.0 20.0 73.0

anything 27 27.0 27.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent for girl career, 24% respond for doctor,

19% respond for engineer,10% respond for pilot,20% respond for teacher and 27%

respond for anything they want. Hence, teacher is the most preferred profession for

girl child.

Response regarding sending girl child out of station for further studies:

16

Table 5:

sending girl to hostel


Valid sda 11 11.0 11.0 11.0

da 5 5.0 5.0 16.0

nad 14 14.0 14.0 30.0

a 21 21.0 21.0 51.0

sa 44 44.0 44.0 95.0

6 5 5.0 5.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding sending girl child out of station

for further studies, 11% respond for strongly disagree, 5% respond for disagree,14%

respond for neither agree nor disagree,21% respond for agree and 44% respond for

strongly agree. Hence majority of people strongly agree for sending daughter out of

station for further studies.

In case of economic crisis or emergency girl child withdrawing first from studies:

Table 6:

Withdrawing from studies


Valid sda 17 17.0 17.0 17.0

da 31 31.0 31.0 48.0

nad 14 14.0 14.0 62.0

a 25 25.0 25.0 87.0

sa 13 13.0 13.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding in case of economic crisis or

emergency girl child withdrawing first from studies, 17% respond for strongly

disagree, 31% respond for disagree,14% respond for neither agree nor disagree,25%

respond for agree and 13% respond for strongly agree. Hence, majority of people

disagree with the statement.

At the time of dinner boy should be served first:

17

Table 7:

serving of dinner


Valid sda 20 20.0 20.0 20.0

da 18 18.0 18.0 38.0

nad 34 34.0 34.0 72.0

a 17 17.0 17.0 89.0

sa 11 11.0 11.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding at the time of dinner boy should

be served first, 20% respond for strongly disagree, 18% respond for disagree,34%


strongly agree. Thus, majority of people are uncertain about their opinion.

Girl should contribute more to the household work:

Table 8:

contribution to household work


Valid sda 1 1.0 1.0 1.0

da 11 11.0 11.0 12.0

nad 31 31.0 31.0 43.0

a 33 33.0 33.0 76.0

sa 24 24.0 24.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding girl should contribute more to

the household work,1% respond for strongly disagree, 11% respond for disagree,31%


strongly agree. Hence, majority of people agree that girl should contribute to

household work.

Do you involve your daughter in socio-economic decision making:

18

Table 9:

involve girl in decision making


Valid vul 7 7.0 7.0 7.0

s 26 26.0 26.0 33.0

m 32 32.0 32.0 65.0

vl 35 35.0 35.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding do you involve your daughter in

socio-economic decision making , 7% respond for very unlikely, 26% respond for

sometimes,32% respond for mostly,35% respond for very likely. Thus, we can

observe that majority of people involve girl child in decision making.

Option to bear only one child preference for boy:

Table 10:

option to have only one child


Valid sda 17 17.0 17.0 17.0

da 16 16.0 16.0 33.0

nad 9 9.0 9.0 42.0

a 32 32.0 32.0 74.0

sa 26 26.0 26.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding option to bear only one child

preference for boy,17% respond for strongly disagree, 16% respond for disagree,9%


strongly agree. Thus, majority of people agree with the statement.

A girl child is pride for home:

Table 11:

19

girl is pride of home


Valid sda 7 7.0 7.0 7.0

da 7 7.0 7.0 14.0

nad 27 27.0 27.0 41.0

a 32 32.0 32.0 73.0

sa 27 27.0 27.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding a girl child is pride for home,7%

respond for strongly disagree, 7% respond for disagree,27% respond for neither agree

nor disagree,32% respond for agree and 27% respond for strongly agree. Thus, most

of the people agree with the statement.

Girls are cowards or not mentally strong:

Table 12:

girls are cowards


Valid sda 35 35.0 35.0 35.0

da 17 17.0 17.0 52.0

nad 14 14.0 14.0 66.0

a 13 13.0 13.0 79.0

sa 21 21.0 21.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding girls are cowards or not mentally

strong ,35% respond for strongly disagree, 17% respond for disagree,14% respond for

neither agree nor disagree,13% respond for agree and 21% respond for strongly agree.

So, we can observe that girls are no more considered as cowards.

Boy should drive the car:

Table 13:

20

Driving the car


Valid sda 23 23.0 23.0 23.0

da 8 8.0 8.0 31.0

nad 18 18.0 18.0 49.0

a 27 27.0 27.0 76.0

sa 24 24.0 24.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding boy should drive the car ,23%

respond for strongly disagree, 8% respond for disagree,18% respond for neither agree

nor disagree,27% respond for agree and 24% respond for strongly agree. Therefore,

majority of people still prefer boy as their chariot driver.

Preference of age for daughter marriage:

Table 14:

age for girl marriage


Valid 18-20 10 10.0 10.0 10.0

21-22 36 36.0 36.0 46.0

23-25 39 39.0 39.0 85.0

25&above 15 15.0 15.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding preference of age for daughter

marriage, 10% respond for 18-20 years, 36% respond for 21-22 year, 39% respond for

23-25 year, 15% respond for 25 & above. Thus, 23-25 is the preferred age for girl

marriage.

Preference of age for son marriage:

Table 15:

21

age for boy marriage


Valid 23-25 17 17.0 17.0 17.0

25&above 83 83.0 83.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding preference of age for daughter

marriage, 0% respond for 18-20 years, 0% respond for 21-22 year, 17% respond for

23-25 year, 83% respond for 25 & above. It is undoubtly clear that boys should be

married after 25 years of age.

LAADLI scheme by Delhi government for only one girl child:

Table 16:

LAADLI scheme by Delhi govt.


Valid sda 17 17.0 17.0 17.0

da 9 9.0 9.0 26.0

nad 13 13.0 13.0 39.0

a 49 49.0 49.0 88.0

sa 12 12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding LAADLI scheme by Delhi

government for only one girl child, 17% respond for strongly disagree, 9% respond

for disagree,13% respond for neither agree nor disagree,49% respond for agree and

12% respond for strongly agree. Hence, majority is ready to have only one girl child.

Should girl have equal right in her parent’s property:

Table 17:

22

girl right in property


Valid sda 21 21.0 21.0 21.0

da 7 7.0 7.0 28.0

nad 14 14.0 14.0 42.0

a 31 31.0 31.0 73.0

sa 27 27.0 27.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding should girl have equal right in

her parents property, 21% respond for strongly disagree, 7% respond for disagree,

14% respond for neither agree nor disagree, 31% respond for agree and 27% respond

for strongly agree. Most of the people agree with the statement.

Preference for Kerala marriage pattern:

Table 18:

preference for Kerala marriage pattern


Valid euf 23 23.0 23.0 23.0

uf 13 13.0 13.0 36.0

nfnuf 15 15.0 15.0 51.0

f 17 17.0 17.0 68.0

sf 32 32.0 32.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent regarding preference for Kerala marriage

pattern, 23% respond for extremely unfavorable, 13% respond for unfavorable, 15%

respond for neither favorable nor unfavorable,17% respond for favorable and 32%

respond for extremely favorable. Majority of people are in favour of the pattern.

4B. Area and status of observed RURAL sample:

Table 19:

23

area


Cumulative

Percent

Valid rural 100 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 20:

The sample size for “the study of the attitude towards girl child in rural and urban

area” is taken 100 respondent each from rural and urban area . as shown in above

table status of rural respondent were 56% as father and mother ,16% married with

out child ,12% were adolescent boy and16% were adolescent girl.

Liking of wards towards boy career:

Table 21:

status


Cumulative

Percent

Valid fm 56 56.0 56.0 56.0

mwc 16 16.0 16.0 72.0

ab 12 12.0 12.0 84.0

ag 16 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

24

career


Valid dr 34 34.0 34.0 34.0

enggn 25 25.0 25.0 59.0

pilot 14 14.0 14.0 73.0

teacher 19 19.0 19.0 92.0

anything 8 8.0 8.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 34% wants their son to become doctor, 25

% to become engineer, 14% chose pilot ,19 % wants to become teacher and & 8%

left on the discretion of boy. Hence, Doctor is still the most preferred profession.

Liking of wards towards girl career:

Table 22:

girl career


Valid dr 15 15.0 15.0 15.0

enggn 12 12.0 12.0 27.0

pilot 10 10.0 10.0 37.0

teacher 50 50.0 50.0 87.0

anything 13 13.0 13.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 15% wants their girl child to become

doctor, 12% to become engineer, 10% chose pilot, 50 % wants to become teacher and

& 13% left decision on the discretion of girl. Thus, clearly 50% people want their

daughters to teacher as they consider it to be safest job.

Response regarding sending girl child of station for further studies:

Table 23:

25

Hostel


Valid sda 13 13.0 13.0 13.0

da 11 11.0 11.0 24.0

nad 8 8.0 8.0 32.0

A 43 43.0 43.0 75.0

sa 25 25.0 25.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 13% are strongly disagree to sent their girl

child out of station for further studies, 11% are disagree, 8% are neither agree nor

disagree, 43% are agree, 25% are strongly agree. So, people are ready to send their

daughter outside even in rural areas.

Boy will be served first:

Table 24:

Serving


Valid sda 20 20.0 20.0 20.0

da 16 16.0 16.0 36.0

nad 22 22.0 22.0 58.0

a 31 31.0 31.0 89.0

sa 11 11.0 11.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 20% are strongly disagree to serve boy

first, 16% are disagree, 22% are neither agree nor disagree, 31% are agree, 11% are

strongly agree.

Girl should contribute more in household work:

Table 25:

26

Household


Valid sda 16 16.0 16.0 16.0

da 12 12.0 12.0 28.0

nad 23 23.0 23.0 51.0

a 34 34.0 34.0 85.0

sa 15 15.0 15.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 16% are strongly disagree that girl should

contribute more, 12% are disagree, 23% are neither agree nor disagree, 34% are agree,

15% are strongly agree. Majority of people agree with the statement.

Involvement of girl child in socio-economic decision-making:

Table 26:

Decision


Valid vul 4 4.0 4.0 4.0

s 16 16.0 16.0 20.0

m 20 20.0 20.0 40.0

vl 60 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 4% are very unlikely about involvement of

girl child in socio-economic decision making, 16% said sometimes, 20% said mostly,

60% said very likely we involve. Therefore, even rural people involve girls in

decision making.

One child is to be there will it be boy:

Table 27:

27

One child


Valid sda 16 16.0 16.0 16.0

da 8 8.0 8.0 24.0

nad 7 7.0 7.0 31.0

a 20 20.0 20.0 51.0

sa 49 49.0 49.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 16% are strongly disagree about it will

only be boy, 8% are disagree, 7% are neither agree nor disagree, 20% are agree, 49%

are strongly agree. Still boy is the preference in case of having only one child.

Girl is a pride / Respect of home:

Table 28:

pride


Valid sda 6 6.0 6.0 6.0

da 3 3.0 3.0 9.0

nad 11 11.0 11.0 20.0

a 28 28.0 28.0 48.0

sa 52 52.0 52.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 6% are strongly disagree that girl child is a

pride, 3% are disagree, 11% are neither agree nor disagree, 28% are agree, 52% are

strongly agree. Therefore, more than 50% people agree to the statement.

Girl are cowards or are not mentally strong:

Table 29:

28

Cowards


Valid sda 33 33.0 33.0 33.0

da 12 12.0 12.0 45.0

nad 23 23.0 23.0 68.0

a 12 12.0 12.0 80.0

sa 20 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 33% are strongly disagree that girls are

cowards, 12% are disagree, 23% are neither agree nor disagree, 12% are agree, 20%

are strongly agree. So the response of people is variable .

Boy should drive the car:

Table 30:

driving


Valid sda 8 8.0 8.0 8.0

da 5 5.0 5.0 13.0

nad 19 19.0 19.0 32.0

a 31 31.0 31.0 63.0

sa 37 37.0 37.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 8% are strongly disagree that boys will

drive, 5% are disagree, 19% are neither agree nor disagree, 31% are agree, 37% are

strongly agree. Hence, in rural areas also boys are preferred as chariot driver.

Girl should get married:

Table 31:

29

Girl marriage


Valid 18-20 13 13.0 13.0 13.0

21-22 42 42.0 42.0 55.0

23-25 45 45.0 45.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 13% think girls should marry between 18-

20 years, 42% think between 21-22 years, 45% think between 23-25%.

Boy should get married:

Table 32:

Boy marriage


Valid 18-20 3 3.0 3.0 3.0

21-22 6 6.0 6.0 9.0

23-25 40 40.0 40.0 49.0

25&above 51 51.0 51.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 3% think boys should marry between 18-

20 years, 6% think between 21-22 years, 40% think between 23-25% and 51% think

of 25 and above. Hence, half of the people prefer boys to get married at or after 25

years of age.

Will you prefer girl child if Govt. Introduce facilities like “LAADLI”

Table 33:

30

Laadli


Valid sda 24 24.0 24.0 24.0

da 21 21.0 21.0 45.0

nad 21 21.0 21.0 66.0

a 25 25.0 25.0 91.0

sa 9 9.0 9.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 24% are strongly disagree about this, 21%

are disagree, 21% are neither agree nor disagree, 25% are agree, 9% are strongly

agree. So, the results show that choices of people are somewhat equally distributed.

Should girls be allowed equal right to her parent’s property:

Table 34:

Property


Valid sda 38 38.0 38.0 38.0

da 9 9.0 9.0 47.0

nad 11 11.0 11.0 58.0

a 9 9.0 9.0 67.0

sa 33 33.0 33.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 38% are strongly disagree about this, 9%

are disagree, 11% are neither agree nor disagree, 9% are agree, 33% are strongly

agree. Rural people are not at all ready to give equal right to girl in property.

About culture like in Kerala:

Table 35:

31

Kerala


Valid euf 34 34.0 34.0 34.0

uf 14 14.0 14.0 48.0

nfnuf 19 19.0 19.0 67.0

f 11 11.0 11.0 78.0

ef 22 22.0 22.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

In observed sample size of 100 respondent 34% are extremely unfavorable, 14% are

unfavorable, 19% are neither favorable nor unfavorable, 11% are favorable, 22% are

extremely favorable. Hence, Kerala pattern is unacceptable in rural

4C. ONEWAY ANOVA: (at 5% level of significance)

Table 36:

32

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

hostel Between Groups 8.405 1 8.405 4.479 .036

Within Groups 371.550 198 1.877

Total 379.955 199

withdraw Between Groups 32.000 1 32.000 16.226 .000

Within Groups 390.480 198 1.972

Total 422.480 199

serving Between Groups 1.280 1 1.280 .777 .379

Within Groups 326.300 198 1.648

Total 327.580 199

household Between Groups 11.520 1 11.520 8.648 .004

Within Groups 263.760 198 1.332

Total 275.280 199

onechild Between Groups 9.680 1 9.680 4.400 .037

Within Groups 435.600 198 2.200

Total 445.280 199

pride Between Groups 13.520 1 13.520 10.341 .002

Within Groups 258.860 198 1.307

Total 272.380 199

cowards Between Groups .180 1 .180 .075 .784

Within Groups 473.000 198 2.389

Total 473.180 199

driving Between Groups 19.845 1 19.845 10.794 .001

Within Groups 364.030 198 1.839

Total 383.875 199

laadli Between Groups 15.680 1 15.680 9.233 .003

Within Groups 336.240 198 1.698

Total 351.920 199

property Between Groups 10.580 1 10.580 4.044 .046

Within Groups 518.040 198 2.616

Total 528.620 199

kerala Between Groups 12.005 1 12.005 4.882 .028

Within Groups 486.870 198 2.459

Total 498.875 199

33

5. Girls should be sent out of station for further studies?

- Strongly disagree - disagree - Neither agree nor disagree -Agree - Strongly

agree

Null hypothesis – There is no difference between the means rural and urban with

respect to sending girls out of station for further studies

Alternate hypothesis - that there is a difference between the means rural and urban

with respect to sending girls out of station for further studies

Tabulated Value- 3.84

Observed Value- 4.479

Level Of Significant- 5%

F(tab) < F(cal)

Conclusion- There is difference between the means of rural and urban with respect to

sending girls out of station for further studies.

6. In case of any economic crisis or emergency girl should be withdrawn first from

studies?


agree


respect to withdrawn from studies of girls in case of economic crisis or emergency.


with respect to withdrawn from studies of girls in case of economic crisis or

emergency.




F(tab) < F(cal)

Conclusion- There is a difference between the means rural and urban with respect to

withdrawn from studies of girls in case of economic crisis or emergency.

34

7. At the time of dinner boy should be served first?

- Strongly disagree - disagree - Neither agree nor disagree -Agree- Strongly agree

Null hypothesis -There is no difference between the means rural and urban with

respect to serving boys first in the time of dinner.


with respect to serving boys first in the time of dinner.




F(tab) > F(cal)

Conclusion- There is no difference between the means rural and urban with respect to

serving boys first in the time of dinner.

8. Girls should contribute more to the household work?


agree


respect to contribution of girls in household work.

Alternate hypothesis - that there is a difference between the means rural and urban with

respect to contribution of girls in household work.




F(tab) < F(cal)


contribution of girls in household work.

10.If you have an option to bear only one child, boy should be preference

- Strongly disagree - disagree - Neither agree nor disagree -Agree - Strongly agree

Null hypothesis – There is no difference between the means rural and urban with respect

preference of boy if they bear only one child.


respect to preference of boy if they bear only one child.



35


F(tab) < F(cal)


preference of boy if they bear only one child.

11.A girl is pride/respect of home


Null hypothesis – There is no difference between the means rural and urban with respect

to girl as a pride/respect of home.


respect to girl as a pride/respect of home.




F(tab) < F(cal)

Conclusion- There is a difference between the means rural and urban with respect to girl

as a pride/respect of home.

12. Girls are cowards or they are not mentally strong:

- Strongly disagree - disagree - Neither agree nor disagree -Agree

- Strongly agree

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the mean of attitude of

rural and urban people with respect to the above statement.

Alternate hypothesis- there is significant difference between the mean of attitude of


F(tab)= 3.84

F (cal)=.075

Therefore F (tab)> F (cal)

Therefore alternate hypothesis is rejected.

Conclusion: There is no significant difference between attitude of rural and urban

people with to the above statement.

13. You and your family are going in a car and both your son as well as your daughter

is equally good at driving, still boy should drive?

36


- Strongly agree

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the mean of attitude of




F(tab)= 3.84

F (cal)=10.794

Therefore F (cal)> F (tab)

Conclusion: There is significant difference between attitude of rural and urban people

with respect to the above statement.

.

16. If Govt. Provide facilities like money and basic education, like “LAADLI”

By Delhi Govt. We should prefer to have only one girl child?


- Strongly agree

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between attitude of rural and

urban people with respect to the above statement.



F(tab)= 3.84

F (cal)=9.233




17. Should a girl be allowed equal right to her parent’s property?


- Strongly agree





F(tab)= 3.84

37

F (cal)= 4.044




18. If the pattern of sending girl after marriage to boy’s house is reversed like in

Kerala. What is your opinion about it?

- Extremely favorable (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) – extremely unfavorable





F(tab)= 3.84

F (cal)= 4.882




4D. Table 38:

38

Differences between means.

Mean Rural Mean UrbanDifference

(Rural-Urban)

Hostel 3.56 3.97 -0.41

Withdraw 3.66 2.86 0.8

Serving 2.97 2.81 0.16

Household 3.20 3.16 0.04

One child 3.78 3.34 0.44

Pride 4.17 3.65 0.52

Cowards 2.74 2.68 0.06

Driving 3.84 3.21 0.63

Laadli 2.74 3.30 -0.56

Property 2.90 3.36 -0.46

Kerala 2.73 3.22 -0.49

ANALYSIS:

According to 1st factor urban mean is higher therefore sending girl child to hostel for

further studies is more considered by urban people. But according to second factor i.e.

withdrawing girl child from studies in case any economic crisis rural people are more

effected by it. Third factor, serving of dinner to girl child after boy child is more

considered in rural area. Contribution to household work is almost equal in both areas.

Preference towards boy child if we can have only one child is more in rural area. Girl

is the pride of home is more considered by rural people. Girls are considered as

cowards equally in both the areas. Boys are preferred more for driving in rural areas.

But when it comes to comparison of laadli scheme urban people are more in favour of

it. Even urban people are more in favour of property right to girl child and they are

also in favour of Kerala pattern.

4E.KOLMOGROV SMIRNOV TEST:

table 39:

39

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

hostel

N 200

Normal Parametersa Mean 3.76

Std. Deviation 1.382

Most Extreme Differences Absolute .258

Positive .161

Negative -.258

Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 3.642

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000

a. Test distribution is Normal.



agree

Null hypothesis – There is no difference between the distribution of scale in rural and

urban with respect to sending girls out of station for further studies

Alternate hypothesis - that there is a difference between the distribution of scale in

rural and urban with respect to sending girls out of station for further studies




Z(tab) < Z(cal)

Conclusion- There is difference between the distribution of scale of rural and urban

with respect to sending girls out of station for further studies.

Table 40:

40


withdraw

N 200




Positive .191

Negative -.214




2. In case of any economic crisis or emergency girl should be withdrawn first from

studies?


agree


urban with respect to withdrawn from studies of girls in case of economic crisis or

emergency.


rural and urban with respect to withdrawn from studies of girls in case of economic

crisis or emergency.




Z(tab) < Z(cal)

Conclusion- There is a difference between the distribution of scale rural and urban

with respect to withdrawn from studies of girls in case of economic crisis or

emergency.

Table 41:

41


serving

N 200




Positive .130

Negative -.164





- Strongly disagree - disagree - Neither agree nor disagree -Agree- Strongly agree

Null hypothesis -There is no difference between the distribution of scale in rural and

urban with respect to serving boys first in the time of dinner.


rural and urban with respect to serving boys first in the time of dinner.




Z(tab) < Z(cal)

Conclusion- There is difference between the distribution of scale rural and urban

with respect to serving boys first in the time of dinner.

Table 42:

42


onechild

N 200




Positive .168

Negative -.251




4. If you have an option to bear only one child, boy should be preference



urban with respect preference of boy if they bear only one child.

Alternate hypothesis - that there is a difference between the distribution of scale in rural

and urban with respect to preference of boy if they bear only one child.




Z(tab) < Z(cal)

Conclusion- There is a difference between the distribution of scale rural and urban with

respect to preference of boy if they bear only one child.

43

Table 43:


onechild

N 200




Positive .168

Negative -.251




5. A girl is pride/respect of home



urban with respect to girl as a pride/respect of home.


and urban with respect to girl as a pride/respect of home.




Z(tab) < Z(cal)

Conclusion- There is a difference between the distribution of scale rural and urban with

respect to girl as a pride/respect of home.

44

Table 44:


laadli

N 200




Positive .141

Negative -.244




6. If Govt. Provide facilities like money and basic education, like “LAADLI” By Delhi

Govt. We should prefer to have only one girl child?



urban with respect to basic education, like “LAADLI” By Delhi Govt. if they prefer to

have only one girl child


and urban with respect to basic education, like “LAADLI” By Delhi Govt. if they prefer to

have only one girl child




Z(tab) < Z(cal)

Conclusion- There is no difference between the distribution of scale in rural and urban

with respect to basic education, like “LAADLI” By Delhi Govt. if they prefer to have only

one girl child

45

5. CONCLUSION:

From the study findings it is abundantly clear that although gender biasness has

reduced to a great extent in urban areas but rural rural areas still require to eliminate

certain barriers. When it comes about sending our daughters out of station for further

studies both the areas are at same opinion but similarly on the other hand rural people

would like to withdraw girl child in case of any financial crisis. Incase of having only

one child as a rule boy child is still way above in preference as compared to girl child

in both rural and urban areas. When it comes to marriage age the average age for girls

is still 2 to 3 years less than boys i.e. a girl should be married at 22-24 but a boy

should get married at 25 or above. When it comes to the matter of providing girl child

equal right in her parent’s property rural people are still at discrimination as compared

to urban people. But the distribution of factors in affecting the population views is

totally different in both the areas. Other miscellaneous factors are somewhat equally

distributed in both the populations. Thus, finally taking cumulative effect of all the

factors we can conclude that boy child is still at preference over girl child in rural

areas.

46

6. LIMITATIONS:

1. One of the major limitation was to convince respondents for getting data as

most of people were not ready to share their views.

2. The responses of some of the respondents were biased so we have to reject

them in our study and we have to study more respondents.

3. As we have used convenience sampling so it might be having probability

errors in it i.e. true representation of population might not be there..

4. as this was our first project so we might be wrong in the way of asking

questions and analysis of data.

47

7. LIST OF TABLES:

S.no Title Page no.

1

2

Urban Area

under

observation

Status of

observation

urban area

15

15

3

couple status

16

4 Liking of

wards towards

boy career

16

5 Liking of

wards towards

girl career

17

6 Sending girl to

hostel

17

7 Withdrawing

from studies

18

8 Serving of

dinner

18

9 Girl’s

contribute to

the household

19

48

work

10 Involve girl in

decision

making

19

11 Option to have

only one child

20

12 Girl is pride of

home

20

13 Girls are

cowards

21

14 Driving the car 21

15 Age for girl

marriage

22

16 Age for boy

marriage

22

17 Laadli scheme

by Delhi govt.

23

18 Girl right in

property

23

19 Preference for

Kerala

marriage

pattern

24

20 Rural-area

under

observation

24

21 Status of

observed rural

25

49

area

22 Liking of

wards towards

boy career

25

23 Liking of

wards towards

girl career

26

24 Sending girl

child out of

station for

further studies

26

25 Serving of

dinner

27

26 Girl’s

contribution in

household

work

27

27 girl child in

socio-

economic

decision-

making

28

28 One child is to

be there will it

be boy

28

50

29

Girl is a pride/

respect of

home

29

30 Girl are

cowards or are

not mentally

strong

29

31 Boy should

drive the car

30

32 Girl should get

married

30

33 Boy should get

married

31

34 Boy should get

married

31

35 Should girls be

allowed equal

right to her

parent’s

property

32

36 Preference for

Kerala

marriage

pattern

33

51

37

Oneway

Anova

39

38 Mean

difference

table

39

39 KM test table

1

40

40 KM test table

2

41

41 KM test table

3

42

42 KM test table

4

43

43 KM test table

5

44

44 KM test table

6

45

8. ANNEXURE:

8A. QUESTIONNAIRE:

52

Dear sir/ madam we are studying attitude towards girl child in rural and urban

areas of India. May we have a small fragment of your precious time. Kindly,

contribute to our study by filling the below mentioned questionnaire.

1. Area under observation:

- Urban - Semi-urban - Rural

2. Status of Couple / Person:

- Married but without child - Father & Mother

- Adolescent Boy or Girl

3. Family description:

No. Of members:

No. Of boys, their age and educational standard:

No. Of girls, their age and educational standard:

Annual income:

4. What would you like your ward to be?

Boy Girl

Doctor - -

Engineer - -

Pilot - -

Teacher - -

Anything they want

to become - -



- Strongly agree

6. In case of any economic crisis or emergency girl should be withdrawn first

from studies?


- Strongly agree

53



- Strongly agree

8. Girl should contribute more to the household work?


- Strongly agree

9. Do you involve your daughter in socio-economic decision-making?

- Very unlikely - sometimes - mostly - Very likely

10. If you are given an option to bear only one child, boy should be the

preference?


- Strongly agree

11. A girl is the Pride / Respect of home:


- Strongly agree

12. Girls are cowards or they are not mentally strong:


- Strongly agree

13. You and your family are going in a car and both your son as well as your

daughter is equally good at driving, still boy should drive?


- Strongly agree

14. At what age would you like your daughter get married?

- 18-20 21-22 23-25 -25 and above

54

15. At what age would you like your son get married?

- 18-20 21-22 23-25 -25 and above

16. If Govt. Provide facilities like money and basic education, like “LAADLI”

By Delhi Govt. We should prefer to have only one girl child?


- Strongly agree

17. Should a girl be allowed equal right to her parent’s property?


- Strongly agree

18. If the pattern of sending girl after marriage to boy’s house is reversed like in

Kerala. What is your opinion about it?

- Extremely favorable (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) – extremely unfavorable

We are grateful for your contribution for filling up this Questionnaire.

This will be helpful for the analysis of attitude towards girl child in rural

and urban India.

Dated: ________________

8B. Excel sheet of the data : attached with the file.

9.REFERENCE:

55

1. Sharma, Neeru, Vaid,Sumati and Khalid, Laila.Inter Generational attitude

( Mother & Daughter ).P G Deptt. Home Science, University of Jammu

2. Puri,S, Bhatia,V ,Swami,HM. Indian Journal of Community Medicine Vol.

32,No.1,January 2007.

3. Glover,Jonathen, Nussbaum,Martha. A study of Human Capabilities.Social

action forum for manav adhikar, New Delhi,2007.

4. Patel,Vibhuti, Professor & Head, Deptt. of Economics, Pedicon. Education

and health of girl child in rural area.

5. Srivastava,Nilima, Principal Coordinator.Assessment of attitudinal difference

towards girl’s child. Women studies & Development Centre, University of

Delhi.

6. Ananthakrishnan, Shanthi, Nalini,P. Social status of the rural girl child. Indian

Journal Pediatrics, Volume 69-july,2002

7. Gupta,S,C, Fundamentals of Statistics, Sixth Revised & Enlarged Edition,

Himalaya Publishing House. Page no.23.1 to 23.15.

8. Malhotra,K, Naresh, marketing research fifth edition published by Pearson

publications. Page no.326-329, 532-534.

56

Study of Attitude Towards Girl Child

Documents

Transcript of Study of Attitude Towards Girl Child