Study Guide for Study Guide for Chapter 3Chapter 3

Cells: The Basic Unit of Cells: The Basic Unit of LifeLife

Plant Cells vs Animal CellsPlant Cells vs Animal Cells• Plants have a Cell Wall• Plants have Chloroplasts• Plants have a LARGE central Vacuole

Plants vs Animal CellsPlants vs Animal Cells• Lysosomes found mostly in Animal

Cells

Robert HookeRobert Hooke• The 1st person to discover cells • In 1665, looked at cork in a

compound microscope he invented

Anton van Leeuwenhoek-Anton van Leeuwenhoek-16731673

• Another person• 1st person to see bacteria• Looked at pond scum and found “little

animals” (protists)

• Looked at animal blood and saw differences in different animals

Protists=Single-Celled Eukaryotes like Paramecium

Human Blood

200 Years Later….200 Years Later….CELL THEORY• Schleiden-1838

– Studied Plants: “All plants have cells”

• Schwann-1839– Studied Animals: “All animals have cells”

• Virchow-1858– All cells could form only from other cells

CELL THEORYCELL THEORY

• All organisms are made of one or more cells

• The cell is the basic unit of all living things

• All cells come from existing cells

All living things are All living things are made of cells!!made of cells!!

Organisms are either…

1) Single-Cell• Bacteria• Archaea

2) Multi-Cellular (many cells) • Plants• Animals

Advantages to Advantages to being Multi-Cellularbeing Multi-Cellular

• Larger Size-more likely to be a predator instead of prey

• Longer Life-cell dies, but not organism

• Specialization-each cell has a different job (ex: heart muscle cell makes heart pump blood)

Prokayotes vs. EukaryotesProkayotes vs. Eukaryotes• All living things are made of…

Such AsSuch As

Cells

Eukaryotes

humans

Prokaryotes

Bacteria Archea plants

NO NUCLEUS

HAVE A NUCLEUS

HAVE OTHER MEMBRANE-

BOUND ORGANELLES

NO MEMBRANE-

BOUND ORGANELLES

Example Bacteria (Prokaryote)

Six Characteristics of Living Six Characteristics of Living ThingsThings

Living things have all of these:• Have Cells• Sense and respond to change• Reproduce (an ant can not make an

elephant)• Have DNA• Use Energy (make food/break down

food)• Grow and Develop“Can She Really Drink Elmer’s Glue”

Basic Needs of All Living Basic Needs of All Living ThingsThings

•Food•Water•Shelter•Air

Five Building Blocks of Living Five Building Blocks of Living Things (PLANC)Things (PLANC)

• Proteins• Lipids• ATP• Nucleic Acids• Carbohydrates

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• Cells=smallest functional and structural unit of all

living organisms• Tissue=a group of similar cells that perform a

common function– 4 types in animals: nerve, muscle, connective,

protective– 3 types in plants: Transport, protective, ground

• Organs-a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function (stomach, intestines, brain, lungs)

• Organ Systems -A group of organs that work together to perform body functions (skeletal, muscular, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous)

• Organism=a living thing, anything that can carry out life processes independently

Example: Animal Levels of Example: Animal Levels of OrganizationOrganization

• Organism– Human

• Organ System– Digestive System

• Organ– Stomach

• Tissue– Muscle Tissue: Makes food move– Connective Tissue: Holds stomach together– Nervous Tissue: Carries messages back and forth

• Cell– Muscle Cell– Nerve Cell

Example: Plant Level of Example: Plant Level of OrganizationOrganization

• Organism– Plant

• Organ System– Leaf Systems– Root Systems– Stem Systems

• Organ– Leaf: contains tissues that trap energy to make food– Stems– Roots

• Tissue– Transport: Moves water and nutrients thru plant– Protective: Covers the plant– Ground: Where photosynthesis takes place

• Cell