Study Guide For 3rd Nine Weeks Exam!!!!!!!

Robertson’s near genius 6th grade Social Studies class.

Citizen ParticipationAutocracy-citizens have limited or no control,

power in the hands of one personOligarchy-citizens have limited control, power in

the hands of a small groupDemocracy-citizens in control by voting, power in

the hands of the voters

Distribution of PowerUnitary-National government in control

Confederation-Local governments in controlFederal-power divided by local and national

governments

Human-Made Trade Barriers

Tariff – a Tax on Imported Goods (makes them more expensive & makes it less likely consumers will buy)

Quota- A Limit on the amount of goods that can be imported from another country.

Embargo- A total Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.

What are the 4 Factors of Production?

Natural ResourcesHuman Capital

Physical CapitalEntrepreneurship

R56 – GDP & Investment in Human & Capital ResourcesSS6E7 The student will describe factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in

Latin America.a. Explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP).b. Explain the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product

(GDP).c. Describe the role of natural resources in a country’s economy.

d. Describe the role of entrepreneurship.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Key Vocabulary

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – the Total Value ($) of all goods & services produced in a country in one year

Natural Resources – “Gifts of Nature”EXAMPLES: Trees, Water, Oil, Arable Land, Minerals, Livestock

Human Capital (Resources) – People w/ the skills & knowledge necessary to produceEXAMPLES: Doctor, Mechanic, Teacher, Lawyer, Accountant

Physical Capital– The tools, machinery, & technology needed to produceEXAMPLES: Drill, Hammer, Computer, Delivery Truck

Entrepreneur – Person/People willing to take the risk of starting a business for profit in a market economy__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is

SPECIALIZATION?

How can specialization

encourage trade between countries &

help consumers?

What are the risks of specialization?

When a country puts most of it’s effort into producing only the good(s) and/or service(s) it can produce most

easily & efficiently (fast & cheap)Examples:

Venezuela→ OilGuatemala→ Coffee

Specialization increases trade because countries can get what they need/want at the lowest cost.

Example: Guatemala can produce high quality coffee very cheap, but it can’t produce wheat. The USA can produce high quality wheat very cheap,

but not coffee. So…… If Guatemala trades us coffee for wheat, we’ll all get the stuff we want

for cheaper→ Everybody wins!!!!!!!

If the supply or demand of the product go down, you may lose the ability to make money.

“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket!”

What is Literacy Rate?% of a country’s population (15yrs. & Up) that can READ & WRITE

What is Standard of Living?“Quality of Life” – Based on availability of resources to citizens

What sort of statistical data can be used to gauge, or measure standard of living?

Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality Rate, Average Income, Average Level of Education, Amount of Internet Users, Etc.

Did we find a relationship between literacy rate & standard of living during our data analysis?

YES….. We found: that countries w/ a higher literacy rate typically had a higher standard of living & countries w/ a lower literacy typically had a lower standard of living

=

Question Time!!!!!!

• What is a tariff?• What is a quota?• What is an embargo?• What does GDP stand for?• What is an autocracy?• What is a democracy?• Who has the power in a confederation?

Country Official Type of

Government

Citizen Participation

Distribution Of

Power

BRAZIL

MEXICO

CUBA

FederalRepublic

Democratic(18-70 yrs Mandatory Voting)

Federal(26 States & 1 Federal District)

FederalRepublic

Democratic(must be 18-not mandatory) Federal

(31 States & 1 Federal District)

CommunistState

(Elected? Dictatorship)

One-Party(Cuban Communist Party)

Democracy(must be 16 –not mandatory)

UNITARY

Oil Related Pollution in Venezuela

ISSUEWater-Oil spills into the waterAir-Burning of oil & natural gas

WHEREThe on & offshore coastal areas of

Venezuela

CAUSESThe practices and accidents of Oil and Natural Gas industries, which are very

important to the economy of the nation.

EFFECTS1. Water Pollution

2. Reduction in Fish/Animal Populations3. Breathing problems for children & the

elderly4. Possible contribution to “global

warming”

So what’s being done about it?

Unfortunately, very little to nothing. The oil & natural gas industries are so important to

the economy, that anything that may limit their ability to produce & earn profit is usually not done.

Environmental Issue

Where Cause(s) Negative Effects

What’s being done to deal

w/ the problem?

Oil-Related Pollution

Venezuela Coastal Areas

&Lake

Maracaibo

Oil Spills dump oil

into water

Burning of Oil-

Introducing CO2

Into the air

Polluted waters affect plant/animal

species*Hurts the

fishing industry

Breathing problems

associated w/ air pollution

Nothing substantial is

being done yet

*B/C the government runs the oil industry &

doesn’t want to regulate

itself

Environmental Issue

Where Cause(s) Negative Effects

What’s being done to deal

w/ the problem?

Destruction Of Rain

ForestsAmazon

Basin(Brazil)

Timber companies

clearing land for wood &

to make room for

agriculture (farming)

Loss of habitat for

plant & animal species

Approx. 20% of Earth’s oxygen is

produced in the Amazon Rainforest

New laws limit the

amount of trees that can be cut

down

*These laws are not very well

enforced

Environmental Issue

Where Cause(s) Negative Effects

What’s being done to deal

w/ the problem?

Urban (City)

Air Pollutio

n

Mexico City,Mexico

Emissions from Factories & Cars

Very High Population

Density(19 Million)

*Geography doesn’t help→

Mexico City is surrounded by

mountains, which trap smog in the city by blocking winds.

Ugly brown cloud over the

city

Breathing problems among the population- High amount of lung/breathing related diseases

-Drivers are asked to leave their cars @ home 1 day a week

-Citizens are encouraged to ride bus, train, or carpool

-Cars inspected to control exhaust emissions

-On bad days, some businesses close

-Working on cleaner burning fuels

The Countries You Must Know!!!

COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE

NATURAL RESOURCES

Mexico

South of USA; between the Pacific ocean & the Gulf of

Mexico

Many ports for shipping goods & has a long border w/ US

making trade easy w/ the USA

NorthDry, Hot, & Mountainous climate

South/CoastsTropical & Sub-Tropical

*Most people tend to live in urban (city) areas & along the coasts

Some Arable Land(approx. 12%)

Oil(10th Largest oil

exporter in the world)

Silver(15% of the worlds

silver)

Natural/Scenic Beauty- “Tourism”

2nd Largest country in Latin America

Largest Spanish-Speaking country in

the world

COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE

NATURAL RESOURCES

VENEZUELA

Northern South America w/ Coastline on the Caribbean Sea

*Panama Canal provides easy access to the Pacific Ocean

Borders:Colombia, Brazil,

& Guyana

HotTropical

Abundant Rain

*Most people tend to live in the coastal cities b/c they’re a

little drier.

Fish

Oil(6th Largest oil

exporter in the world)

Some arable land(approx. 3%)

COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE

NATURAL RESOURCES

Brazil

Largest country in Latin America

Eastern South America

Much coastline on the Atlantic Ocean

Borders every country in South America but

Chile & Ecuador

Major Corridor:Amazon River

*Most people live in the coastal cities

Hot

Tropical

*Ideal for Rainforests

Mild in the southern Brazilian Highlands

Some Arable Land(approx. 7%)

Sugar Cane

Coffee

Soybeans

Timber

Metals

Oil

COUNTRY LOCATION CLIMATE

NATURAL RESOURCES

CUBA

Caribbean Island90mi. South of Florida

Access to: Atlantic OceanGulf of MexicoCaribbean Sea

*Largest Island in the Caribbean

Tropical

Warm/Hot

Rainy Season:May-October

Dry Season:November-April

Hurricanes can be an environmental hazard

Arable Land(approx. 28%)

Sugar Cane

Tobacco

Fish

Tourism

*Relies on Venezuela for energy resources

(oil)

Question Time!!!

• Where did we study air pollution?• Where did we study oil pollution?• What country has rainforest?• What country is largest Spanish speaking

country in the world?• What country is the 6th largest oil exporter in

the world?

Pacific Ocean• Largest and deepest of

the world’s five oceans• Larger than the total

land area of the world

You cannot possibly be asking me more questions time!!!

• What ocean is to the west of the Americas?• What ocean is to the east of the Americas?• What country go so bored they dug a trench

connecting these two oceans?• What was the incredibly unique name they

gave to this trench?• What is the name of the mountain range along

west side of South America?

Who are the Canadians?The people of Canada are not only of

French & British descent.

More than 50 different ethnic groups make up the population of

Canada today.

More than 2/3 of the population are of European descent. Some can

trace their roots to Africa or Asia.

European ImmigrantsIn the 1600’s, Britain & France both

established colonies in Canada.

These two countries were enemies & often fought for North American

territory.

This culminated in the French & Indian War (1754-1763) Also called the seven years war. It ended French colonization in

North America.

The British won.

Multiculturalism

To support these many different groups of citizens, Canada has adopted a policy of

multiculturalism-an acceptance of many cultures instead of just one.

Where do most Canadians live?

Though Canada has the 2nd largest area in the world, it has a relatively low population.

Canadians typically live where they find a favorable combination of geographic features & economic

opportunities.

¾ of the population live in the cities & towns of southern Canada.

Who wants Quebec to be an independent country?

Why do they want Quebec to be an Independent country?

What have they done to try to make this happen?

What was the result?

How would Quebec’s Independence negatively affect

Canada?

Some citizens of the province known as

“Separatists”

They want to preserve their French cultural heritage, which they feel is threatened by the

English cultural majority.

Mostly non-violent, but some violent protests

Parliament voted on Quebec secession twice: 1980 & 1995

Quebec remained a province

Laws protecting cultural freedom have been passed.

Loss of resources in the E. Canadian Shield, St. Lawrence

Seaway, & many citizens

Aspects ofGovernment

CANADA UNITED STATES

TYPE

HEADOF

STATE

HEAD OF

GOVERNMENT

LEGISLATURE

SYSTEM Distribution Of Power

Parliamentary DemocracyConstitutional Monarchy

British Monarch(Queen Elizabeth II)

Prime Minister(Stephen Harper)

PARLIAMENT

FEDERAL

Presidential Democracy

President(Barack Obama)

President(Barack Obama)

CONGRESS

FEDERAL

N.A.F.T.A. (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Reduction of Trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, & USA (Tariffs, Quotas, etc.)Intended to increase trade of goods between the countries

Feelings about the success of NAFTA are mixed

Canadian Provinces & Territories

Today, Canada is made up of 10 provinces & 3 Territories.

Organization of Government

Canada is a constitutional

monarchy.

The Canadian government consists of the

executive, legislative & judicial branches.

Equality & Justice

In order to protect the civil rights of all Canadian citizens, a Charter of Rights & Freedoms was added to

the Canadian constitution in 1982.

This is similar to our Bill of Rights.

Pierre Trudeau

He was Prime Minister from 1968-1979 & 1980-1984.

Though he was of French-Canadian background, he successfully

repressed, or stopped Quebec’s move for independence.

It was he who pushed for the addition of the Charter of Rights

& Freedoms.

SeparatistsSome French-Speaking Canadians

are separatists, or people who want the province of Quebec to

become an independent country.

In 1980 & 1995 the parliament voted on whether or not Quebec should

get independent status.

It was rejected both times.

Are you kidding me, another quiz? Do you hate us or what?

• The people who wanted to break free from Canada were called the?

• What province did these people live in?• Why did they feel they were different?• Who was the guy that kept them from

leaving?• Where do most Canadian’s live? Why?

Where do most people choose to live & work in

Canada & why?

Most people choose to live & work

in the southern part of the country.

The reasons include: Warmer Climate, More Jobs Available, &

Access to transportation corridors like roads, railways, airports, &

unfrozen water

What are the 3 Types of Resources?

Natural Resources-things that occur naturally in the

environment

Human Resources-the individuals who make up the workforce

Physical Capital-the tools, machines, and factories that

produce goods

Contributors to the Economy

Canada is very rich in natural resources.

It has an abundant supply of timber, oil, minerals,

& ores such as iron, lead, & gold

Contributors to the Economy

The first Europeans to come to Canada did so for two main reasons:

1. Abundant Fishing2. Fur Trading

Export

A product that is traded or sold to another outside country.

In other words, its stuff that’s sent away.

(Name Three Exports From U.S.A.)

Trade

Canada’s biggest trading partner is the United States

Most of Canada’s exports go to the U.S.

In 1994, the U.S., Canada, & Mexico signed the NAFTA,

which lowered trade barriers & increased trade.

Import

Any product that is brought into a country from another country.

In other words, its stuff that’s coming in.(-Name Three Imports-)

Types of Industry

PrimaryPrepare & process raw materials

ExamplesFarms (Tyson Chicken), Mining

Companies (BP),Logging Companies, Fisheries

Types of Industry

SecondaryManufacturing-

Turning raw materials into products that consumers or

other businesses can use

ExamplesCar Manufacturers (Ford), Bakeries (Two

Smart Cookies),Furniture Makers (La-Z-Boy)

Types of Industry

TertiaryService Industries

&Distributors

ExamplesWholesalers (Sam’s Club), Transportation Companies,

Retailers (Foot Locker), Health Care (Hospital), Education,

Banking, Lawyers

Transportation Corridors

Canada has natural transportation corridors, or paths that make transportation easier.

The St. Lawrence Seaway gives the interior access to the Atlantic & the Great Lakes provide a corridor for trade with the U.S.

Canada’s trans-continental railway system crosses the country from coast-to-coast.

Transportation Barriers

Canada also has transportation barriers, or geographic features that prevent or slow

down transportation.In much of the north, snow & ice block travel by land & water.

The Rocky Mountains in the west hinder transportation by land.

Location Climate NaturalResources

Largest Country in the westernHemisphere (Size)

Borders: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, & U.S.A.

Large Size/Small Population

*Most people live in cities & towns in the south (close to US border)

Important Trade CorridorsGreat Lakes

St. Lawrence RiverOceans

Trade BarriersRocky Mts.

Frozen North

Southeast & South CentralMostly “Humid Continental”

↓Warm/Hot Summers & Cold

Winters, Plenty of Rain, & Good for Agriculture

Pacific CoastTemperate Mild Climate, Large

Amount of Rain, & Good for Forestry/Timber

NorthArctic/Subarctic Climate

COLD!!!!!!!!!!!!!Very Small Population

CANADA

Canada is Loaded!!!!!!!

Canadian Shield/NorthMinerals, Energy Resources (Oil,

Coal, Natural Gas)

CoastsWater, Fishing

South Central PrairiesGood Soil for Agriculture &

Livestock Grazing

WesternTimber, Forests

Hey, just for fun let’s have a quick quiz.

• What is an export? Give example.• What is an import? Give example.• What is the big river we studied in Canada?• What is the big mountain range?• What is the big lake?• Why does Mr. Robertson ask so many

questions?

Central Authority

UnitaryWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.)

& “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)?

UNITARY:-Power is not shared. -The Central Govt. has ALL THE POWER.-Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have little/no power.

Central Authority

ConfederationWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.)

& “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)?

CONFEDERATION:-Power is not shared. -The Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have ALL THE POWER.-The Central Govt. is powerless to enforce law.

Federation / FederalWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.)

& “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)?

Federation:-Power is shared. -The Central Govt. has the MOST POWER.-Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have SOME POWER to make laws on their own.

How do citizens participate in different forms of Government?

AUTOCRATIC:

DEMOCRATIC:

OLIGARCHIC:

Single RulerLittle/No Citizen Participation

Small Group of RulersLittle/No Citizen Participation

Leaders Elected by the People Through VotingHigh Citizen Participation

O.K., this will only take a second, I promise.

• Small group of rulers is called?• Single ruler is called?• When the people get to vote we call it?• When the power is in the hands of the central

government?• When power is shared between central and

regional governments?• Is there anything you’d rather be doing right

now?

What is Scarcity?

The idea that there are not enough resources to meet everyone’s needs &

wants.

(How many jolly ranchers does Mr. Robertson have?)

What is Economics??????Economics is the study of how people

manage their resources.

Resource can be:-time-money-goods

Types of Economic Systems

Traditional- customs & habits of a society will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed

(Usually includes bartering, rather than money). Traditional economies are becoming more rare.

Types of Economic Systems

Command- Government will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed.

Government will set prices and set regulations (rules) that industries must follow.

Types of Economic Systems

Market- Individuals, private companies, & consumers will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Supply & Demand). Individuals and companies

are allowed to produce freely without government interference.

Types of Economy

MIXED- May have aspects of both market & command. Most common type in the world.

EXAMPLES

The United States is thought to have a “mixed” economy.The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs

Canada is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs. The government also directly controls healthcare & education. A little bit closer to command than the USA.

ECONOMY What is Produced?

How Goods are Produced

How People Get Products

Traditional

Command

Market

Types of Economic Systems

What people need to survive

(food, shelter, & tools)

FarmingHunting

Gathering

People make their own, share, or trade

“BARTER”

Whatever the government decides

However the government decides

However the government decides

-Class-Reward System-Waiting in Line

Whatever people are willing to buy & sell

Business Owners determine the most

efficient (cheap) legal methods of production

Determined by how much a person is able

or willing to pay

Hey kid in the back, wake up it’s time for another quiz.

• What is a mixed market economy? Who determines what is sold?

• What is a command economy? • What is a traditional economy?

European Union*A Confederation*Meant to make the

countries of Europe more competitive in the world economy

*The official currency is the “Euro” (€)

*The EU is considered a “Free Trade Zone” w/ no tariffs (a tax on imported goods) between member countries

Europe Today

Today, all of the nations of Western Europe and most of the nations of Eastern Europe have

some sort of democratic government.

The people of Europe are sharing power with

their governments by electing their leaders

in free elections.

The European UnionToday, 27 nations in Europe are members

of an organization called

The European Union.

This union was founded in 1957, and was formalized as the

European Community by the Treaty of Rome.

1957 MembersBelgium, France, West

Germany,Italy, Luxembourg,

& the Netherlands

The European Union

The EU first started out as an economic cooperation

group with the aim of boosting the economies

of Western European nation’s.

As time has gone on, the EU has evolved into more of a political alliance or union.

The aim of the EU has shifted its quest from

merely European prosperity to peace.

Trade Among EU Nations

To encourage trade between EU members, the member nations have done away with

tariffs on goods traded with one another.

A tariff is a duty, tax, or fee that must be paid

on imported or exported goods,

making them more expensive.

EU Economies

The goal of the EU is to make efforts to ensure the

prosperity of all member nations.

The EU hopes that increased trade an economic

cooperation between member nations will make

the standard of living in Europe the highest in the

world.

A person’s standard of living, or quality of life, is based on the availability of

goods and services.

EU Economies

What might indicate a high standard of living?

People have access to:Enough Food

Adequate HousingGood Transportation

Good CommunicationsEducational Opportunities

Health Care

***Nations with higher standards of living typically have high literacy

rates.

We getting close to the end, I promise!!

• Why was the EU created?• What is the currency of most of the EU

countries?• What has the EU done to create less trade

barriers in Europe? Has it worked?

How Exchange Rate WorksExchange Rate (E.R.) Compared to $1.00-USDIf E.R. is < 1 …The other currency is MORE valuableIf E.R. is > 1 …The other currency is LESS valuable

TODAY: E.R. for the Euro is 1.00 (Equal Value to USD)So ….You exchange $20 for Euros b/c you think the exchange rate will decrease soon,

but today Your $20 is still = to just €20

2 WEEKS LATER: E.R. for the Euro is .5 (More Valuable than USD b/c now it takes $2 to = €1)

So …..You exchange your €20 back to USD. Since it now takes $2 to = €1, …..Your €20 now is equal to $40

Start: $20Finish: $40

You’ve Made $20 Profit!!!!!!

The Collapse of thesoviet union

Mikhail Gorbachev was the final leader of the Soviet Union.

He attempted to make many reforms, or changes in the way the Soviet Union governed its

people.

Gorbachev believed in the ideals of the Soviet Union, but he wanted to solve the USSR’s economic and

political problems.

The Collapse of thesoviet union

The Warsaw Pact was dissolved.

By 1992, the Soviet Union no longer existed.

The USSR had become 15 new nations.

A Divided Germany

When World War II ended, Germany was

divided into two different countries.

The United States, France, & the UK occupied West

Germany.

&The Soviet Union occupied

East Germany.

East Germany

East Germanys’ communist government discouraged communication between

east and west.

In order to prevent people in the divided capital city of Berlin from fleeing to the

west, they built the Berlin Wall.

The Berlin Wall served as a symbol of a divided

Europe.

East GermanyAs the Soviet union continued

to weaken its grip, the puppet governments

started tasting freedom.

In 1989, the Berlin Wall was taken down and more East

Germans fled into West Germany.

This event, more than any other, symbolized the collapse of the Soviet

Union.

Reunified Germany

Since the reunification, or the reuniting of East and

West Germany, the government of Germany has had to spend billions

trying to catch the eastern part of the country up to

the west.

This effort included the rebuilding of Berlin & the construction of factories,

roads, housing, & hospitals.

Modern RussiaThe Russian federation is a

democratic republic.

The current President is Vladimir Putin.

They also have a legislature called the

“Duma”

Unfortunately, many sources point towards corruption in the

government.

Aspect Under Communism After Communism

Government

Economy

culture

Government distributed Propaganda, controlled

the economy, & restricted

cultural activities

Controlled by government,

widespread poverty, private property is

seized

Many cultural celebrations outlawed, art censored, sports & space programs well

funded

Greater freedom for citizens, multi-party democracies (mostly

Parliamentary) in many eastern European

countries

Change to free market economies in eastern Europe (slow growth)

some inflation & unemployment

Writers given greater freedom, Freedom of religion, increased cultural freedom in

general

Propaganda

“Propaganda” is material designed to spread certain beliefs.

Soviet propaganda included pamphlets, posters, artwork, statues, songs, and movies.

These praised the Soviet Union, its leaders, and communism in general.

Soviet Culture

The Soviet Union wanted the people under its control to be

loyal only to the USSR.

The Soviet government made efforts to prevent cultural

diversity.

It outlawed many cultural celebrations, religions, and

even non-Russian languages.

Soviet EconomyThe Soviet Union wanted all of its

major industries to be owned by the government instead of by

private companies.

The government took over control of factories, railroads, & businesses.

The Soviet economy was a command economy, in which the

government determined what would be produced and how

much it would cost.

Cuban Missile Crisis

In 1962, an American U2 Spy Plane spotted Soviet Missiles in Cuba.

President Kennedy demandedthey be removed & imposed a

blockade on the island nation.

Eventually, the Soviets removed their missiles after the US agreed to

move its missiles out of Turkey & not invade Cuba.

Attempts at Change

This increase in

communication led to a period of

“détente,” or lessening tension, between

the members of NATO and the Warsaw Pact nations.

ASPECTS OF SOVIET CULTURE

Most people were poor & had a much lower standard of living than people in

Western EuropeCitizens had little say in

government(One-Party System w/ no Freedom

of Speech)Government Officials suppressed & controlled ethnic & cultural identities to

create a sense of national unitySoviet propaganda praised the Soviet

Union & Communism, while demonizing Capitalism & the

democracies of the West

Post-World War II

This created a polarized world in which two

nations (USA & The Soviet Union) had

the most power.

Each of those nations had opposite

ideologies, or beliefs, about government and

economy.

Post-World War II

After World War II, Europe was

ravaged.

The power that once existed in Europe

had been destroyed by two

world wars.

East Against West

After the war, Europe was divided down the middle.

The nations of the east were under the influence

of Soviet Russia.

The nations of the west, headed by the United

States, were fairly independent.

This situation set the stage for much tension in

Europe.

East Against West

The political differences between the east and west

created an imaginary, invisible wall dividing the

continent.

This symbolic and imaginary wall would come to be

called the “Iron Curtain”

"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.“ –Churchill 1946

Joseph Stalin

(1879-1953)Joseph Stalin took over power in the

USSR after the death of Lenin.

Lenin was the head of the Bolshevik party that overthrew the czar.

He controlled the Soviet Union with an iron fist and was feared by

many.

The Cold War

The members of NATO – the alliance of western democracies, and the nations in the “Warsaw

Pact”- the alliance of eastern European countries behind the iron curtain-refused to trade or

cooperate with each other (Voluntary Embargo).

N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The Cold War

The countries never actually fought, so this period of

political non-cooperation is called the

“Cold War”Both the nations of the Warsaw Pact and those of NATO didn’t want war to erupt because both sides

had nuclear weapons.

Almost done, for reals this time!

• What type of government did the USSR have?• What type of economy did they have?• What is the name of the wall built in Berlin?• Why did they build that dumb wall?• What is the name of Western alliance?• What is the name of the Eastern alliance?

You did it!! It’s over!!! Well, almost.

• Did this help?• Did you hate it?• Why is that kid in the back still sleeping?• Wasn’t this way more fun then laying around

the house playing X-Box and eating pizza?• What’s that smell?• Can we quit now?