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![Page 1: Study Guide Chapter 14 1. Describe the four basic types of volcanoes. Give two examples of each volcano type. 2.What is a caldera? Give an example of a.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc41a28abf838ca6034/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Study Guide Chapter 14
1. Describe the four basic types of volcanoes. Give two examples of each volcano type.
2. What is a caldera? Give an example of a caldera.3. What is the Ring of Fire. Where is it located? What
causes the Ring of Fire.4. What is a batholith and laccolith.5. How are layers organized in a sedimentary rock. (Are
layers on top younger or older than bottom layers?)6. What is warping?7. What is an anticline and syncline? What causes
recumbent and overthrust folds.
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Study Guide continued
8. Identify a normal, reverse, and strikeslip fault on a block diagram.
9. What is a fault scarp?10.What type of fault is the San Andreas?11.What is a graben. Give a well known example of a
graben.12.Where is the focus of an earthquake?13.What is the epicenter.14.What is the correlations between volcanic and
earthquake locations.
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Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Landforms and Tectonic
Landforms• Volcanism
• Plutonism
• Materials from volcanoes– Aa lava, blocky lava– Pahoehoe, ropy lava– Pryoclastic material: bombs, volcanic ash,
cinders.
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Fig. 14-6, p. 397
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Volcanoes
• Four different types of volcanoes– Composite cone or stratovolcano– Shield – Plug dome – Cinder cone
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Volcanoes
• Stratovolcano• Mix of lava flow and
pyroclastic material. Examples: Mt. St. Helens and Mount Vesuvius, Mount Rainier, Mount Shasta.
• Shield • Lots of lava, gas,
and little ash. Gentle cones that emit basaltic lava. Builds broad structures with gentle slopes. Examples: Hawaii
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Fig. 14-12b, p. 400
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Volcanoes
• Plug dome • Steep sided volcanoes
with broad summits composed of solid lava. Example is Figure 14.2-Mt. Lassen in Northern California.
• Cinder cone
• Smallest type of volcano. Little lava and mostly pyroclastic material. Examples include Sunset Crater in Arizona and some cinder cones in California and Nevada deserts.
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Fig. 14-14, p. 401
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Cinder Cone
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Calderas
• Composite volcano
• Violent eruptions, summit collapses into empty magma chamber
• Fills with water.
• Crater Lake in Oregon
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Caldera
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Plutons
• Intrusive igneous bodies that are deep seated. After millions of years of erosion some of these forms are exposed.
• The largest plutonic feature is a batholith.
• Laccolith
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Batholith
• Larger than 100 square kilometers
• Usually granite
• Plutons that digest each other
• Core of mountain ranges
• Sierra Nevada or Rocky Mountains
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Laccolith
• Mushroom shape
• Blister below Earth’s surface
• Also forms core of mountain ranges and hills.
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Fig. 14-16, p. 403
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Fig. 14-24, p. 408
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Earthquakes
• Vibrations of the Earth that occur when accumulating strain of slow crustal deformation is suddenly released by displacement along a fault.
• Focus- Point where earthquake occurs.
• Epicenter-Point on surface above focus.
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Faulting
• Lateral faults– Right lateral strike slip fault – Left lateral strike slip fault
• Reverse faults
• Normal faults
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Fig. 13-34, p. 384
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Fig. 14-27, p. 410
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Normal Faultslide
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slide
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Geology Concepts
• Warping
• Laying of sediments– Oldest to youngest
• Graben– Death Valley
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Fig. 14-31, p. 412