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STUDY GUIDEUNIT 5

Global reading Skimming : Reading-comprehension exercise !ind

o"# #he meaning on each paragraph

$olding pa##erns

%The flight is almost over. You have watched a couple of movies, taken a nap,

and eaten a meal. Time has gone quite quickly. However, you are glad you are

nearly there; it has been a long flight. You think about arriving and what you are

doing next. nd then the captain says that landing has been delayed for at least

!" minutes. He tells you the plane has entered a holding pattern and that you

will be there for some time. #o there you sit, going around and

around for the next hour.

&$sing holding patterns is the standard way for dealing with aircraft which are

unable to land. The problem may be because of the weather or busy runways

below. The airplane needs to stay in the air,so it enters a flight path called a

holding pattern. holding pattern is the same shape as a racetrack, with long

sides and semi%circular ends.

'#everal aircraft can be part of a holding pattern at the same time, by forming

a stack. &n this stack each aircraft flies in the same racetrack pattern, ',""" feetabove or below the next airplane. (ew planes waiting to land will be added to

the stack at the top, and as the planes land one by one, the next one moves

down a level.

( The pattern contains its own rules to keep planes safe. )or example, the

standard pattern uses right%hand turns, and should take * minutes to complete.

+ach side and end curve of the racetrack- takes one minute to complete.

However,if it will be a long wait, the pattern is expanded, with the sides made

longer, so the plane turns less often.

5#itting in a mile%high holding pattern is not ust boring for you; it is also very

costly in fuel, and so also bad for the environment. However, airlines try to avoid

the stack as early as they possibly can. Have you ever been on the runway,

waiting to take off, and they announce a delay/ $sually the delay is not where

you are now, but in the place where you are going. There is a predicted delay

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for your arrival destination. #o don0t be angry. 1elax. &t is better to stay on the

ground than to fly the four%minute racetrack pattern again and again and again.

)lose reading : De#ermining main ideas and s"ppor#ing de#ails

Use pre!ixes #o make #he ad*ec#i+e nega#i+e

Grammar: Gi+ing ad+ice and making s"gges#ions ,correc# #he

mis#ake in each sen#ence

.ri#ing skill: Using end p"nc#"a#ion and capi#ali/a#ion ,correc# #he

#0o mis#akes in each sen#ence

Global lis#ening : 1is#ening !or #he main ideas,lis#en #o #he

in#rod"c#ion and choose

1is#ening !or explana#ions and examples: 1is#en#o all o! 2a##erns

o! beha+ior and comple#e #hese sen#ences3

4ocab"lar:)omple#e #he sen#ences 0i#h #he roo# 0ords !rom #he

box and #he s"!!ix ologyor ologist.(suffixes)

6sking !or ideas and examples: 2"# #he 0ords in #he correc# order #o

make 7"es#ions3 2rac#ice8 prac#ice8 prac#ice99