Studijski Program Stru_nog Studija Trgovina - Revidirani Elaborat

8/21/2019 Studijski Program Stru_nog Studija Trgovina - Revidirani Elaborat

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Wtua`lsh` prbirde struąjbi stua`ld

Qribv`jd ‗

rmv`a`rdj` mfdkbrdt v4.4

^MFM]Ć@F@ůQM ] _BŵMI@

]J@^M[W@QP BN D__F@MA WG@MJG@MW @J _B\MID

Hfdsd< >?;-?1/47-?4/;;

]rkrbl< ;499-7?-?4-4;-47-;

@jtmrjd bzjdhd abhuemjtd< TW;-[M^-[M4-Q

@zrda`fb< _bvlmrmjstvb zd pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lu stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld

Qribv`jd

_bźmid, 49. prbs`jgd ;?47.

^MFM]Ć@F@ůQM ] _BŵMI@ ^uhbvdrshd 49, C[-71??? _bźmid

tmf.< +73= 71 ;94 ??3

ndx< +73= 71 ;94 ??3

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urmaOvup.cr

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mailto:[email protected]



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Wdarźdl

4) ]^BA ........................................................................................................................................ 4

d) Bsjbvj` pbadg` b ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu ....................................................................................... 4

k) Bsjbvj` pbadg` b `zadjbl abpusj`g` ............................................................................ 4

g) _badg` b bsbkded hblm su sualmfbvdfm jd `zrda` rmvà`rdjbi mfdkbrdtd .................... 4

;) @JWQ@Q]G@LWHM _[MQ_BWQD^HM ................................................................................ ;

d) Wtrdtmi`ld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, dhg`lsh` pfdjbv` ` ldvjb `zvlmŤtdvdjlm jl`cbvm prbvmakm .... ;

k) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` zd prbvlmru stmąmj`c `scbad uąmjld (amn`j`rdjlm ` bkldvfl`vdjlm) 1

g) Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjdtd u prbgmsèd vmzdjè uz bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm ................. =

a) Wualmfbvdjlm prmastdvj`hd trź`Ťtd rdad u rdzvblu ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd ................................. >

m) @jnbredt`ąh` sustdv zd stdt`st`ąhm pbadthm vmzdjm uz bridj`zdg`lu ` prbvmakustua`lsh`c prbirded ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm ......................................................................... 9

n) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` b pmr`ba`ąjbl rmv`z`l` stua`lsh`c prbirded hbld uhfluąulm vdjlshmstruąjldhm ................................................................................................................................... 0

i) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` zdŤt`tm stuamjtsh`c prdvd ............................................................ 4?

c) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` trdljbi usdvrŤdvdjld sv`c zdpbsfmj`hd ..................................... 44

`) hvdf`tmtd rdad sv`c struąj`c sfuźk` .................................................................................. 4;

7) B_ĎMJ@QB B WQ]A@LWHBE _[BI[DE] ................................................................ 41

d) Jdz`v stua`ld................................................................................................................... 41

k) Jbs`tmfl/`zvbĔdą stua`ld ................................................................................................. 41

g) Q`p stua`lshbi prbirded .................................................................................................. 41

a) [dz`jd ............................................................................................................................. 41 m) \jdjstvmjb `f` uelmtj`ąhb pbaruąlm ............................................................................ 41

n) \jdjstvmjb `f` uelmtj`ąhb pbflm ...................................................................................... 41

i) \jdjstvmjd `f` uelmtj`ąhd irdjd ................................................................................. 41

c) ]vlmt` up`sd..................................................................................................................... 41

`) Qrdldjlm stua`ld (u smemstrèd) ...................................................................................... 41

l) Wtruąj` jdz`v ...................................................................................................................... 4=

h) Djdf`zd ushfdĔmjbst` sd strdtmŤhè g`flmvèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd ...................................... 4=

f) Hbepmtmjg`lm hblm stuamjt stlmąm ` pbsfbv` zd hblm lm bspbsbkflmj .......................... 4=

e) ^mrt`hdfjd ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd u jdg`bjdfjbe ` emĔujdrbajbe prbstbru ........ 43

j) _bvmzdjbst s tmemfljè ` ebamrjè vlmŤt`jded ` struhbe .................................... ;? b) _bvmzdjbst s pbtrmkded fbhdfjm zdlmaj`gm ............................................................. ;?

p) Djdf`zd zdpbŤfl`vbst` ..................................................................................................... ;4

q) ]spbrmakd prmafbźmjbi stua`ld s `jbzmejè dhrma`t`rdjè prbirdebe uifmaj`cv`sbh`c uą`f`Ťtd.......................................................................................................................... ;;

r) @shustvb u `zvbĔmjlu `st`c `f` sf`ąj`c struąj`c stua`ld .................................................... ;>

s) _drtjmr` `zvdj v`sbhbŤhbfshbi sustdvd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvbĔmjlu prbirded .......... ;>

t) [dzv`ldjlm emĔujdrbajm surdajlm ................................................................................ ;9

u) ]shfdĔmjbst s e`jèdfjè uvlmtèd bspbsbkfldvdjld prbp`sdjè a`rmht`vbe;??=/7>MG Murbpshbi pdrfdemjtd ` ^`lmĉd b pr`zjdvdjlu struąj`c hvdf`n`hdg`ld. ......... ;3

1) B_@W _[BI[DED........................................................................................................... ;0



d) _bp`s bkvmzj`c ` `zkbrj`c hbfmi`ld s krblme sdt` dht`vjm jdstdvm ` krblme MGQWkbabvd ...................................................................................................................................... ;0

k) Wtruhturd stua`ld, r`tde stua`rdjld, uvlmt` zd up`s u sflmamĉ` smemstdr ` uvlmt` zdup`s pblma`jbi hbfmi`ld ......................................................................................................... ;9=

g) _bp`s hbfmi`ld hblm stuamjt ebźm `zdkrdt` s arui`c stua`lsh`c prbirded ............... ;9=

a) _bp`s hbfmi`ld hbl` sm ebiu `zvba`t` jd strdjbe lmz`hu ......................................... ;9= m) Jdą`j zdvrŤmthd stua`ld .............................................................................................. ;9>

n) ]vlmt` pb hblèd stuamjt` hbl` su prmh`juf` stua`l `f` su `ziuk`f` prdvb stua`rdjld jd lmajbe stua`lshbe prbirdeu ebiu jdstdv`t` stua`l. ....................................................... ;9>

=) ]^LMQ@ @\^BğMJLD WQ]A@LD ................................................................................... ;93

d) elmstb `zvbĔmjld stua`lshbi prbirded .................................................................... ;93

k) ^lmrbabstbljm `sprdvm b vfdsj`Ťtvu, prdvu hbr`Ťtmjld `f` aruibl vdfldjbl prdvjblbsjbv` jd tmemflu hblm ĉm sm hbr`st`t` baibvdrdluĉ` prbstbr zd bkdvfldjlm almfdtjbst`v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld u rdzabkflu ba jdledjlm = iba`jd ................................................. ;93

g) Abhdz` b bsìurdjbe prbstbru (pbadg` b prmadvdbj`gded, hdk`jmtèd jdstdvj`hd,hjl`źj`g`, prbstbru zd `zvbĔmjlm prdht`ąjm jdstdvm, prbstbru jde`lmjlmjbe zd rda

struąj`c sfuźk` ` sf.) ............................................................................................................... ;31

a) Abhdz` b bsìurdjbl vfdst`tbl bprme` `f` bprme` u jdleu zd rdzabkflm ba jdledjlm= iba`jd, pbtr mkjbl zd pbst`zdjlm prmav`Ĕmj`c `scbad uąmjld, d pbsmk`gm abhdzm babstupjbst` bkvmzdtjm f`tmrdturm ........................................................................................ ;30

m) Baibvdrdluĉ` prbstbrj` hdpdg`tmt` zd `zvbĔmjlm jdstdvm ...................................... ;04

n) Bptèdfj` krbl stuamjdtd s bkz`rbe jd prbstbr, bprmeu ` krbl jdstdvj`hd ............ ;07

i) _bp`s jdstdvj`hd ` krbl surdaj`hd hbl` ĉm sualmfbvdt` u `zvbĔmjlu svdhbi hbfmi`ld ;0=

c) _badg` b svdhbe djidź`rdjbe jdstdvj`hu ............................................................ 7?7

`) Jdą`j prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm usplmŤjbst` `zvmakm stua`lshbi prbirded tm jdą`j

sualmfbvdjld u bglmjl`vdjlu stua`lshbi prbirded ............................................................ 704 l) Bsìurdvdjlm pbarŤhm stuamjtèd (dhdameshb, prbnms`bjdfjb, ps`cbfbŤhbsdvlmtbvdjlm ` sf.)................................................................................................................... 701

>) _[@FB\@ ........................................................................................................................... 70>

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4

4) ]^BA

d) Bsjbvj` pbadg` b ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu

Jdz`v< mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` Darmsd< ûhbvdrshd 49, 71??? _bźmid

Qmfmnbj< ??73= 71 ;94 ??3

M-ed`f< urmaOvup.cr

Ymk< cttp<//www.vup.cr/

k) Bsjbvj` pbadg` b `zadjbl abpusj`g`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` zd ustrbl ` `zvbĔmjlm struąjbi stua`ld [dąujbvbastvb èd Abpusj`guE`j`stdrstvd zjdjbst`, bkrdzbvdjld ` Ťpbrtd ba ;=. sv`kjld ;?4?. iba`jm, Hfdsd< ]_/@ ->?;-?1/?0-

47/???>3, ]rKrbl< =77-?9-4?-???3. Hbp`ld abpusj`gm jdfdz` sm u pr`fbiu 4.

g) _badg` b bsbkded hblm su sualmfbvdfm jd `zrda` rmvà`rdjbi mfdkbrdtd

Jdstdvj`g` hbl` su sualmfbvdf` u `zrda` mfdkbrdtd<

b Ar.sg. ^mr`gd Kuaè`r, prbn. v. Ť., pbaruąlm aruŤtvmj`c zjdjbst`, pbflm mhbjbe`ld,irdjd rdąujbvbastvb

b Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ, uj`v. spmg. bmg., v`Ť` prmadvdą, pbflm mhbjbe`ld, irdjd bpĉd

mhbjbe`ld

b Er. sg. Hr`st`dj ğbh`ĉ, v. prma., pbaruąlm aruŤtvmj`c almfdtjbst`, pbflm `jnbredg`lshm `hbeuj`hdg`lshm zjdjbst`, irdjd jnbredg`lsh` sustdv` jnbredtbfbi`ld

^djlsh` a`bj`g` hbl` su sualmfbvdf` u `zrda` mfdkbrdtd<

b [bkmrt Cmąèbv`ĉ, a`pf. bmg., prmastdvj`h vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd, ^dff`s Ndius a.a.,

ruhbvba`tmfl hbemrg`ldfj`c pbsfbvd

b Wdjard _bf`ĉ, kdgg. bmg., prmastdvj`h DF]EJ@, ąfdj




http://www.vup.hr/

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;

;) @JWQ@Q]G@LWHM _[MQ_BWQD^HM

d) Wtrdtmi`ld mfmuą`f`Ťtd, dhg`lsh` pfdjbv` ` ldvjb `zvlmŤtdvdjlm jl`cbvm

prbvmakm

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm `zrda`fb ` usvbl`fb Wtrdtmi`lu rdzvbld zd rdzabkflm ;?41.-;?4>. iba`jm. [dzvbl `

usplmŤjb almfbvdjlm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` uhfluąulm pfdj`rdjlm ` abjbŤmjlm auibrbąjm strdtmi`lmrdzvbld hbld sm sdstbl` ba a`lmfbvd hbl` amn`j`rdlu almfdtjbst sdebi ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. Bvdl abhuemjtstbid prmastdvfld strdtmŤh` bhv`r rdzvbld jdstdvjm, struąjm, zjdjstvmjb-`strdź`vdąhm ` `zadvdąhmalmfdtjbst` tm rdzvbld bridj`zdg`lm ` pbsfbvdjld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, `jnrdstruhturj`c hdpdg`tmtd ` sustdvdbsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` ba ;?41. ab ;?4>. iba`jm.

Wtrdtmi`ld rdzvbld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` zd rdzabkflm ;?41.-;?4>. iba`jm jdstdfd lm jd tmemflu

g`flmvd, e`s`lm ` v`z`lm pbsfbvdjld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, jd pbstdvhded rmzuftdtd prbvmamjm WYBQ djdf`zm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, pbvrdtj`c `jnbredg`ld abk`vmj`c djhmt`rdjlme dfuej`ld, djhmt`rdjlme pbsfbadvdgd

zdvrŤmj`c/a`pfbe`rdj`c stuamjdtd, Wtrdtmi`lm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` `z prmtcbajbi rdzabkfld(;?4?.-;?47.) tm sm lmajè a`lmfbe tmemfl` jd _r`lmafbiu Wtrdtmi`lm bkrdzbvdjld, zjdjbst` `

tmcjbfbi`lm `z ;?47. iba`jm, \dhbju b zjdjstvmjbl almfdtjbst` ` v`sbhbe bkrdzbvdjlu, Ermź`v`sbh`c uą`f`Ťtd ` stua`lsh`c prbirded u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl `z ;?44. iba`jm, Wtrdtmi`l` rdzvbldMurbpshm uj`lm ‗ Murbpm ;?;?, uz prvmjstvmjb uvdźdvdjlm spmg`n`ąjbst` jdstdvjm ` struąjb -

`strdź`vdąhm almfdtjbst` ` jdstdvj`c prbirded jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu tm pbtrmkd Ť`rm zdlmaj`gm jdpbaruąlu k`btmcj`ąh`c aruŤtvmj`c almfdtjbst`.

] rdzabkflu ba ;?41. ab ;?4>. iba`jm svmuhupjd almfdtjbst ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` uselmrdvdt ĉmsm prmed v`sbhè rdz`jded jdstdvj`c, struąj`c ` zjdjstvmjb -`strdź`vdąh`c pbstìjuĉd, rdzvblufluash`c rmsursd ` uą`jhbv`tm bridj`zdg`lm sv`c sfuźk` ^]_-d tm stvdrdjlu pbtrmkjbi

`jnrdstruhturjbi bhv`rd zd jdvmamjd pbstìjuĉd, uz prbdht`vdj pr`stup, d vbamĉ` rdąujd bbhruźmjlu ` bhbfjbstèd u hblèd ^]_ almfulm. ^mf`h` jdifdsdh pràdvdt ĉm sm pbtrmkdedcrvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd ` surdajl` s jl`cbvè prmastdvj`gèd hdb ` prmastdvj`gèd fbhdfjm

uprdvm, lmr lma`jb stdvfldjlm almfdtjbst` ^]_-d u hbjtmhst ibspbadrshm prèlmjm ldeą`prmpbzjdtfl`vu pbz`g`lu ^]_-d u rmi`l` ` Ť`rm tm abpr`jbs` rdzvblu hbjhurmjtjbst` ` `jbvdt`vjbst

crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd. Jdifdsdh ĉm sm pràdvdt` ` trmjabvèd ` `zdzbvèd hblm prma crvdtsh`v`sbhbŤhbfsh` sustdv jdemĉm Murbpsh` prbstbr v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld (MCMD) ` Murbpsh` `strdź`vdąh`prbstbr (M[D) s g`flme pbtpujbi uhf luą`vdjld u `stm.

Wtrdtmi`lbe rdzvbld amn`j`rdlu sm<

e`s`ld ` v`z`ld8

strdtmŤh` g`flmv` rdzvbld u sflmamĉè pbaruąlèd< (4) ]prdvfldjlm v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtme `

bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm, (;) Wtua`lsh` prbirde` ` stuamjt`, (7) Wtruąjd, zjdjstvmjb-

`strdź`vdąhd ` `zadvdąhd almfdtjbst, (1) Fluash`, edtmr`ldfj` ` n`jdjg`lsh` rmsurs`, (=)

Wurdajld s ibspbadrstvbe ` fbhdfjbe zdlmaj`gbe, (>) EmĔujdrbajd surdajld `

ebk`fjbst8

pbsmkj` g`flmv` zd svdhb pbaruąlm, s stdhjutè hbjhrmtjè dht`vjbstèd8

hfluąj` pbhdzdtmfl` usplmŤjbst`, emcdj`ze` prdĉmjld, baibvbrjm bsbkm, rbh prbvmakm `

prmtpbstdvhm zd prbvmaku pblma`jm dht`vjbst` tm

abhuemjt` hbl` sm ebrdlu `zrda`t` ` prè`lmj`t`.



7

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm tdhbĔmr `zrda`fb ` usvbl`fb Wtrdtmi`lu hvdf`tmtm. Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm barmĔulmstrdtmŤhb pfdj`rdjlm ` selmr rdzvbld struąj`c ` spmg`ldf`st`ąh`c a`pfbesh`c struąj`c stua`ld^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, suhfdajb pbtrmkded ibspbadrstvd fbhdfjm zdlmaj`gm.

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` svblu pbf`t`hu hvdf`tmtm prbvba` hrbz auibrbąjm ` hbjt`ju`rdjm strdtmŤhmg`flmvm hvdf`tmtm amn`j`rdjm hrbz bsde strdtmŤh`c prdvdgd<

TW4) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u vbĔmjlu mfmuą`f`Ťtd rdzvblu sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm.

TW;) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u rdzvblu ` rmv`z`l` stua`lsh`c prbirded ` hvdf`n`hdg`ld.

TW7) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u vrmajbvdjlu stuamjtshbi rdad ` bglmjl`vdjlu stuamjdtd.

TW1) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm jdstdvj`hd ` jdstdvm.

TW=) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm struąjbi, zjdjstvmjb-`strdź`vdąhbi rdad ` surdajlm sibspbadrstvbe.

TW>) Wtrdtmi`ld pbtpbrm stuamjtèd ` hvdf`tmtm bkrdzbvj`c rmsursd.

TW9) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u rdzvblu `jnbredg`lshbi sustdvd.

TW3) Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u rdzvblu emcdj`zded zd `jnbre`rdjlm ldvjbst`.

] svè zjdądljè prbp`sèd ` abhuemjtèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd (Wtdtut, _bf`t`hd hvdf`tmtm, Wtrdtmi`ldrdzvbld, _rdv`fj`h b ustrblu ` almfbvdjlu sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm, _r`ruąj`h zd bsìurdvdjldhvdf`tmtm) ldsjb lm jdzjdąmjd br`lmjtdg`ld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd jd rdzvbl hufturm hvdf`tmtm u svè

pbaruąlèd rdad ` almfbvdjld. Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm rdzv`ld sm hrbz stdfju surdajlu ` utlmgdl sv`cujutdrjl`c vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd.

Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` tmemflj` lm abhuemjt hbl` barmĔulm strdtmŤhm g`flmvmhvdf`tmtm, dht`vjbst`, pbhdzdtmflm usplmŤjbst`, tm emcdj`zem hblèd sm bsìurdvd, ujdprmĔulm `

prbebv`rd hvdf`tmtd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. ] _r`ruąj`hu zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jdvmamjd su pbaruąldujdprmĔmjld ` bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm, stdjadra`, spmg`n`ąj` g`flmv`, pbstupdh, baibvbrjbst `

pbhdzdtmfl` usplmŤjbst` (elmrfl`v` ja`hdtbr` hvdf`tmtm).

Jd tmemflu usvb lmjm Wtrdtmi`lm rdzvbld `zrdĔulm sm iba`Ťjl` dhg`lsh` pfdj g`flmvd ` dht`vjbst`

amn`j`rdj`c strdtmi`lbe rdzvbld s elmrfl`vè pbhdzdtmflèd usplmŤjbst` bglmjbe uą`jhbv`tbst`.

Q`lmhbe iba`jm prdt` sm rmdf`zdg`ld dht`vjbst` prmav`Ĕmj`c dhg`lshè pfdjbe (jd tmemfluWtrdtmi`lm rdzvbld) tm sm b tbem pbajbs` @zvlmŤĉm b prbvmak` strdtmi`lm (dhg`lshbi pfdjd g`flmvd `

dht`vjbst`) hblm sdarź` djdf`zu usplmŤjbst` dht`vjbst`, bglmju uą`jhbv`tbst` ` mvmjtudfjmpr`lmafbim zd kbflm bstvdr`vdjlm g`flmvd.

Jd bsjbvu Wtrdtmi`lm hvdf`tmtm ` _r`ruąj`hd zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm `zrdĔulm sm iba`Ťjl` pfdjelmrd ` dht`vjbst` zd prbvbĔmjlm ` ujdprmĔ`vdjlm sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm. _fdj

sdarźdvd pbp`s dht`vjbst`, jdą`j prdĉmjld rmdf`zdg`lm (pbhdzdtmflm usplmŤjbst`), jdafmźjm bsbkm `rbhbvm prbvmakm. Dht`vjbst` sm rmdf`z`rdlu t`lmhbe iba`jm tm _bvlmrmjstvb zd ujdprmĔ`vdjlm `bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm pbajbs` @zvlmŤĉm b prbvmamjè elmrded pbkbflŤdjld. @zvlmŤĉm sdarźdvddjdf`zu usplmŤjbst` dht`vjbst` bglmju uą`jhbv`tbst`.

Wtrdtmi`ld rdzvbld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm, pfdjbv` dht`vjbst` ` `zvlmŤĉd b rmdf`zdg`l`pfdjbvd ldvjb sm bkldvflulu jd wmk strdj`g` mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm, bsè jdvmamj`c strdtmŤh`c abhuemjdtd ` dhg`lsh`c pfdjbvd, `zrdĔulm ` usvdld

Edrhmt`ji pfdj, _fdj dht`vjbst` pbvlmrmjstvd zd emĔujdrbaju surdajlu ` surdajlu s



1

ibspbadrstvbe, _fdj dht`vjbst` pbvlmrmjstdvd zd pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lu stua`lsh`c prbirded, _fdjdht`vjbst` pbvlmrmjstdvd zd `zrdau jbv`c stua`lsh`c prbirded ` ar.

k) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` zd prbvlmru stmąmj`c `scbad uąmjld (amn`j`rdjlm `

bkldvfl`vdjlm)

_rbvlmrd `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` bkdvf ld sm suhfdajb _rdv`fj`hu b prdv`fèd

stua`rdjld, Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld ` amtdfljè `zvmakmjèpfdjbvèd hbfmi`ld.

__W _rdv`fj`h b prdv`fèd stua`rdjld u ąf. 73. prbp`sulm ad sm prbvlmrd zjdjld bkdvfld u shfdau s

amtdfljè `zvmakmjè pfdjbvèd jdstdvm hbfmi`ld. Jdvmamjè ąfdjhbe prbp`sdjb lm hdadstuamjt` ebiu pr`stup`t` `sp`tu tm hdhb `sp`t` ebiu k`t` p`sdj` ` usemj`. _rbp`sdj` su bkvmzj`

rbhbv` zd bkldvu rmzuftdtd p`sdjbi a`lmfd `sp`td tm edhsèdfjb abzvbflmj rdzedh `zemĔu p`sdjbi

` usemjbi a`lmfd `sp`td. _rdv`fj`h prbp`sulm ad bglmjl`vdjlm prbvba` prmaemtj` jdstdvj`h u

shfdau s vfdst`tè hr`tmr`lèd hbl` `zrdźdvdlu bklmht`vjb zjdjlm stuamjtd. Jdadflm, jdvmamjè

ąfdjhbe prbp`sulm sm hbf`hb putd stuamjt ebźm pr`stup`t` `sp`tu tm bkvmzd ldvjbst` `sp`td._rmaemtj` jdstdvj`h lm auźdj bebiuĉ`t` svdhbl zd`jtmrms`rdjbl bsbk` sfuŤdjlm usemjbi a`lmfd`sp`td.

_rdv`fj`h jdadflm prbp`sulm< ąfdjhbe 70. @sp`tjm rbhbvm, ąfdjhbe 1?. _r`ldvu ` baldvu `sp`td,ąfdjhbe 14. Bglmjl`vdjlm.

Ćfdjhbe 1;. _rdv`fj`hd prbp`sdj lm pbstupdh źdfkm jd bglmju. Wtuamjtèd hbl` sedtrdlu ad j`subklmht`vjb bg`lmjlmj` bebiuĉmjb lm pbfdidjlm sp`td prma sp`tjè pbvlmrmjstvbe.

Ćfdjhbe =?. prbp`sdjb lm ad sm prdĉmjlm hvdf`tmtm ` usplmŤjbst` `zvmakm stua`lshbi prbirded

prbvba` t`lmhbe stua`ld putme djbjèjm djhmtm hrdlme svdhbi smemstrd.

TW7-HB^@] Hr`tmr`l` bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld urmĔulu sustdv bglmjl`vdjld `vrmajbvdjld rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jd `sp`tu jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu. [da stuamjtd jdhbfmi`lu prdt` sm, vrmajulm ` bglmjlulm t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jd `sp`tu suhfdajb stua`lshbe prbirdeu

` amtdfljbe `zvmakmjbe pfdju jdstdvm hbfmi`ld. Amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdjbv` jdstdvm hbfmi`ld

trmkdlu sdarźdvdt` bp`s pbstuphd vrmajbvdjld ` bglmjl`vdjld prmav`Ĕmj zd rmabvjm ` `zvdjrmajm

stuamjtm tm ebrdlu k`t` bkldvflmj` jd wmk strdj`gded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. Abhuemjtbe Hr`tmr`l`bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld prbp`sulm sm< bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd, sustdv bglmjl`vdjld, jdą`j bglmjl`vdjld, prdv`fd pbjdŤdjld stuamjdtd jd `sp`tu `hbfbhv`lu, bglmjl`vdjlm ` bkvmzm jdstdvj`hd.

Amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj hbfmi`ld `zrdĔulu sv` jbs`tmfl` hbfmi`ld jd bkrdsgu TW7-HB^@]-A@ `

bkldvflulm sm jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. Jdvmamj` abhuemjt sdarź`< g`flmvm hbfmi`ld,

prmauvlmtm zd pbfdidjlm hbfmi`ld ` ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l, sdarźdlhbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmj prmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm, vrstm `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm, bkvmzm stuamjdtd,jdą`j prdĉmjld rdad stuamjdtd, rdajb bptmrmĉmjlm stuamjdtd, bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdad

stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu (zd rmabvjm ` `zvdjrmajm stuamjtm), bkvmzju `

abpujshu f`tmrdturu, jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl` bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm `zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd` hbepmtmjg`ld tm abadtjm `jnbredg`lm b hbfmi`lu. Amtdfljm `zvmakmjm pfdjbvm hbfmi`ld trmkdlu

k`t` pbtvrĔmj` ba strdjm prbąmfj`hd balmfd `/`f` prbamhdjd zd jdstdvu. Jdstdvj`g` su auźjùpbzjdt` stuamjtm s hr`tmr`lèd ` jdą`jbe bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld rdad stuamjdtd, tm smpràrźdvdt` amtdfljbi `zvmakmjbe pfdjd t`lmhbe dhdameshm iba`jm.



=

Bkldvbe _rdv`fj`hd, Hr`tmr`ld bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld tm amtdflj`c `zvmakmj`cpfdjbvd hbfmi`ld bsìurdjd lm trdjspdrmjtjbst pbstuphd prbvlmrm `scbad uąmjld. Hr`tmr`lèdbglmjl`vdjld prbp`sdjb lm ad sdarźdl p`sdjbi ` usemjbi a`lmfd `sp`td barmĔulm prmaemtj`jdstdvj`h, vbamĉ` krìu ad sdarźdl p`tdjld kuam birdj`ąmj ujutdr `sp`tjm f`tmrdturm, tm bulmajdąmjbst` sfbźmjbst` `sp`td zd svm pr`stupj`hm jd `sp`tu, d `sp`t sm bglmjlulm suhfdajb

amtdfljbe `zvmakmjbe pfdju hbfmi`ld. Jdvmamjè abhuemjtbe prbp`sdjb lm tdhbĔmr ad lm`sp`t ldvdj, d u sfuądlu ad `sp`tu pr`stup` sdeb lmadj stuamjt, `sp`tu ebrd pr`sustvbvdt` kdr lbŤ lmadj svlmabh. Jdvmamjè barmakded bsìurdjd lm jmpr`strdjbst prbvlmrm scbad uąmj ld.

Emtbam prbvlmrm bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm amn`j`rdjm su _r`ruąj`hbe zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd^mfmuą`f`Ťtu. Lmajd ba prbp`sdj`c dht`vjbst` vmzdjd uz prbvlmru pbstuphd bglmjl`vdjld Dht`vjbst

7.9. Bsìurdvdjlm lmajdh`c uvlmtd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld rdad sv`c stuamjdtd, prbp`sulm ad

prbąmfj`g` balmfd ` prbamhdj zd jdstdvu vrŤm dae`j`strdt`vju prbvlmru pbstupdhd bglmjl`vdjldhdhb k` sm bsìurdfd `sprdvjbst pbstupdhd. Hrbz Dht`vjbst 1.>. Wtuamjt` prbglmjlulu jdstdvj`hd `

hbfmi`l pruźmjd lm svè stuamjtèd ebiuĉjbst ad `zrdzm svblm e`Ťflmjlm b jdstdvj`hu ` hbfmi`lu.G`fl bvm dht`vjbst` lm abk`t` uvà u hvdf`tmtu rdad jdstdvj`hd ` jdstdvm jd tmemflu bglmjd,

prèlmak` ` pr`lmafbid stuamjdtd. Dht`vjbst ;.43. Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjdtd u dht`vjbstèdbsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm bebiuĉulm stuamjtèd sualmfbvdjlm u rdau _bvlmrmjstvd zd

ujdprmĔ`vdjlm ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm ` dht`vjbstèd hblm su vmzdjm uz bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtmstua`lsh`c prbirded tm `c sm rmabv`tb `zvlmŤtdvd b rmzuftdtèd prbvmamj`c dht`vjbst` . Hrbz

pbvrdtjm `jnbredg`lm ba stuamjdtd uhfluąmj`c u t`lmfd vmfmuą`f`Ťtd, jdvmamjd dht`vjbst`prmastdvfld tdhbĔmr lmaju ba emtbad zd prbvlmru bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm. Bstdfm emtbamebiuĉm lm vàlmt` u T_BH-v;.?. _r`ruąj`hu zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^]_-u.

Wv` prbp`s` ` abhuemjt` vmzdj` uz prbvlmru `scbad uąmjld bkldvflmj` su jd wmk strdj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

g) Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjdtd u prbgmsèd vmzdjè uz bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm

Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjdtd ` zdvrŤmj`c/a`pfbe`rdj`c stuamjdtd (DF]EJ@-ld) u prbgmsèd vmzdjè

uz bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm bsìurdjb lm `jtmrjè dhtèd mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

_rdv`fj`hbe b ustrblu ` almfbvdjlu sustdvd zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`

pbkf`źm sm barmĔulm g`fl, svrcd, ustrbl, almfbvdjlm ` pbaruąld almfbvdjld sustdvd bsìurdvdjld

hvdf`tmtm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` (u adfljlme tmhstu ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm), ustrbl ` almfbvdjlm _bvlmrmjstvdzd bsìurdvdjlm ` ujdprmĔ`vdjlm hvdf`tmtm tm pbaruąld ujutdr hbl`c sm prbvbam elmrm ` dht`vjbst`bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm. Jdvmamjè _rdv`fj`hbe amn`j`rdjb lm hdhb su t`lmfd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtdbaibvbrjd zd sustdv bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm Wtruąjb v`lmĉm ` _bvlmrmjstvb zd ujdprmĔ`vdjlm `

bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm. ] rda Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd, suhfdajb barmakded \dhbjd b zjdjstvmjblalmfdtjbst` ` v`sbhbe bkrdzbvdjlu ` Wtdtutd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, uhfluąmj` su prmastdvj`g` stuamjdtd(jdledjlm 4=% uhupjbi krbld ąfdjbvd). _rdv`fj`hbe lm amn`j`rdj sdstdv _bvlmrmjstvd zd

ujdprmĔ`vdjlm ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd jdą`j ad _bvlmrmjstvb ą`j` amvmt (0) ąfdjbvd, ba ąmid lmadj (4) prmastdvj`h stuamjdtd ` avd (;) prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvmj`g`,

fbhdfjd zdlmaj`gd, dfuej` ` sf.).

Wtuamjt` su uhfluąmj` u rda v`lmĉd balmfd jd jdą`j ad èdlu lmajbi prmastdvj`hd u svdhbe v`lmĉu.

Dht`vjbst ;.43. Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjdtd u dht`vjbstèd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm ujutdr _r`ruąj`hd

zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu amn`j`rd ad stuamjt` sualmfulu u rdau _bvlmrmjstvd zd

ujdprmĔ`vdjlm ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm ` dht`vjbstèd hblm su vmzdjm uz bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtmstua`lsh`c prbirded tm `c sm rmabv`tb zvlmŤtdvd b rmzuftdtèd prbvmamj`c dht`vjbst`.



>

Wtuamjt` su uhfluąmj` u ujutdrjlu prbsuaku sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm. TW4-__]__WBH

_rdv`fj`hbe b pbstuphu ujutdrjlm pmr`ba`ąjm prbsuakm WBH -d jd ^]_-u pbkf`źm sm barmĔulmpbstupdh prbvbĔmjld ujutdrjlm pmr`ba`ąjm prbsuakm sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm jd^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`. Q`lmfb hblm prbvba` pbstupdh ujutdrjlm pmr`ba`ąjm prbsuakm sustdvdbsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm jd ^]_-u lm _bvlmrmjstvb zd ujutdrjlu prbsuaku sustdvd bsìurdvdjld

hvdf`tmtm. _bvlmrmjstvb ą`j` Ťmst (>) ąfdjbvd ba ąmid lmadj (4) prmastdvj`h stuamjdtd ` lmadj (4)prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvmj`g`, fbhdfjd zdlmaj`gd, dfuej` ` sf.).

TW;-[M^-_ _rdv`fj`h b pbstuphu ujdprmĔ`vdjld stua`lsh`c prbirded jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu urmĔulmpbstupdh vrmajbvdjld, pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm (`zelmjm `/`f` abpujm stua`lsh`c prbirded edjlm ba;?% stua`lshbi prbirded ` vmĉm ba ;?% stua`lshbi prbirded), bsuvrmemjl`vdj ld hbfmi`ld tm

`zelmjd `zvmakmjbi pfdjd stua`lshbi prbirded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`. _rdv`fj`h amn`j`rd ad sm zd

pbtrmkm pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm stua`lsh`c prbirded bsj`vdlu pbvlmrmjstvd zd pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lustua`lsh`c prbirded. \d svdh` stua`lsh` prbirde bsj`vd sm pbsmkjb pbvlmrmjstvb hblm sm sdstbl`

ba pmt (=) ąfdjbvd ba ąmid avd (;) prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvb, ldvjbprdvjd

t`lmfd, DF]EJ@ ` sf.).

a) Wualmfbvdjlm prmastdvj`hd trź`Ťtd rdad u rdzvblu ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd

_rmastdvj`g` trź`Ťtd rdad uhfluąmj` su u rdzvbl ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd hrbz sualmfbvdjlm u rdau krblj`cpbvlmrmjstdvd.

_rdv`fj`hbe b ustrblu ` almfbvdjlu sustdvd zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`

prbp`sdjb lm ad u sdstdvu _bvlmrmjstvd zd ujdprmĔ`vdjlm ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm almfulu avd (;)

prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvmj`g`, fbhdfjd zdlmaj`gd, dfuej` ` sf.).

TW4-__]__WBH _rdv`fj`hbe b pbstuphu ujutdrjlm pmr`ba`ąjm prbsuakm WBH -d jd ^]_-u

prbp`sdjb lm ad u _bvlmrmjstvu zd ujutdrjlu prbsuaku sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm almfulm

lmadj (4) prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvmj`g`, fbhdfjd zdlmaj`gd, dfuej` ` sf.).

TW;-[M^-_ _rdv`fj`h b pbstuphu ujdprmĔ`vdjld stua`lsh`c prbirded jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu prbp`sdjb

lm ad u sdstdvu pbvlmrmjstdvd zd pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lu stua`lsh`c prbirded (zd svdh` stua`lsh`

prbirde bsj`vd sm pbsmkjb pbvlmrmjstvb) almfulu avd (;) prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd

(ibspbadrstvb, ldvjbprdvjd t`lmfd, DF]EJ@ ` sf.).

Bsè jdvmamjbi, prmastdvj`g` trź`Ťtd rdad uhfluąmj` su u rda<

- _bvlmrmjstvd zd emĔujdrbaju surdajlu ` surdajlu s ibspbadrstvbe (pbvlmrmjstvb èd

Ťmst (>) ąfdjbvd, ba tbid avd (;) prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd

- _bvlmrmjstvd zd prbeàźku ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd (pbvlmrmjstvb èd ąmt`r` (1) ąfdjd, ba tbid lmadj

(4) prmastdvj`h vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd- _bvlmrmjstvd zd `zrdau mfdkbrdtd jbv`c struąj`c ` spmg`ldf`st`ąh`c a`pfbesh`c struąj`c

stua`lsh`c prbirded (pbvlmrmjstvd èdlu Ťmst (>) ąfdjbvd, ba tbid lmadj (4) prmastdvj`hvdjlsh`c a`bj`hd

Wvblm pr`lmafbim b jdą`jèd ` ebamfèd rdzvbld ` ujdprmĔ`vdjld rdad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd prmastdvj`g`vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd dht`vjb zrdźdvdlu hrbz sualmfbvdjlm jd slmaj`gded _bvlmrmjstvd.

Jdadflm, prmastdvj`g` trź`Ťtd rdad uhfluąmj` su u rdzvbl ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd hrbz sualmfbvdjlm u `zvbĔmjlustruąjm prdhsm. Hdhb k` pbaìf` hvdf`tmtu jdstdvm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu bridj`z`rdlu su ibstuluĉdprmadvdjld struąjldhd `z prdhsm. [da`bj`gm vbam rmjbe`rdj` struąjldg` `z pbaruąld n`jdjg`ld,

rdąujbvbastvd, tribv`jm ` ldvjm uprdvm. Wtuamjt` su auźj` dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u rdau rda`bj`gm,



9

tm `zrda`t` barmĔmj` prdht`ąj` zdadtdh jd zdadju tmeu (jpr. zdsj`vdjlm rdajbi bajbsd, źdfkmj`pbstupdh, ustdvjd tuźkd, hbjgms`lm, tdkufdrjd `sprdvd, uprdvj` pbstupdh ` sf.). _r`hdzdjd abkrdprdhsd u barźdvdjlu rda`bj`gd prèlmjl`vdt ĉm sm hbjt`ju`rdjb u bhv`ru hbfmi`ld struąjm prdhsmsv`c stua`lsh`c prbirded ^]_-u.

] shfdau s pbstdvflmjè g`flmvèd pba`zdjld rdz`jm hvdf`tmtm stua`lsh`c prbirded ` uspbstdvfldjld

dht`vj`lm surdajlm s ibspbadrstvbe `zrdĔmj lm djhmtj` up`tj`h ` prbvbam sm djhmt`rdjldpbsfbadvdgd zdvrŤmj`c/a`pfbe`rdj`c stuamjdtd ^]_-d. G`fl djhmt`rdjld lm abk`t` pbvrdtju

`jnbredg`lu ba pbsfbadvdgd b jl`cbvbe zdabvbflstvu abk`vmjè zjdjlme jdŤ`czdvrŤmj`c/a`pfbe`rdj`c stuamjdtd tm b pbtrmk` eba`n`hdg`lm pbstblmĉ`c stua`lsh`c prbirded, hdb

` pbtrmk` uvbĔmjld jbvbi/`c stua`ld.

m) @jnbredt`ąh` sustdv zd stdt`st`ąhm pbadthm vmzdjm uz bridj`zdg`lu `

prbvmaku stua`lsh`c prbirded ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm

@jnbredg`lsh` sustdv ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmiu kdz`rd sm jd jmhbf`hb rmfdg`lsh`c kdzd pbadtdhd u

bhv`ru hbl`c sm jdfdzm sv` struhtur`rdj` pbadg` pbtrmkj` zd rda struąj`c sfuźk` ustdjbvm. Wvdhdsfuźkd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd (rmnmrdad, amhdjdt, rdąujbvbastvb, hjl`źj`gd ` sf`ąjb) hbr`st` pbsfbvjmdpf`hdg`lm pbebĉu hbl`c sm vba` pr`hupfldjlm pbadtdhd ` `zrdad pbtrmkj`c `jtmrj`c ` mhstmrj`c

(zdhbjèd prbp`sdj`c) `zvlmŤtdld. _bsfbvjm dpf`hdg`lm struąj`c sfuźk` jm prmastdvfldlu tzv. btbhmdutbedt`zdg`lm vmĉ su jd rdzf`ą`tm jdą`jm pbvmzdjm u glmf`ju ` bebiuĉulu `f` a`rmhtdj pr`lmjbspbadtdhd (dutbedt`zebe), `f` pr`lmjbs pbadtdhd uvbzbe pbadtdhd (èpbrt) `z arui`c dpf`hdg`ld.

Wtruąjm sfuźkm ` jdstdvj`g` hbr`stm sm @jnbredg`lshè sustdvbe v`sbh`c uą`f`Ťtd (@W^]) pbebĉuhblmi lm lm bebiuĉmjb urmĔ`vdjlm kdzm pbadtdhd b stuamjtèd, jdstdvj`gèd, hbfmi`lèd,jdstdvjè pfdjbvèd, up`sèd ` `sp`tèd. @W^] sustdv tdhbĔmr bebiuĉulm ` prbvmaku dht`vjbst`stuamjtshm rmnmrdam, hdb Ťtb lm tb up`s stuamjdtd, pr`ldvfl`vdjlm `sp`td, ujbs bglmjm jd `sp`tu,

`zadvdjlm pbtvrad ` uvlmrmjld tm `zrdam rdzj`c `zvlmŤtdld. Wv` jdstdvj`g` èdlu pr`stup @W^]jdstdvj`ąhbe pbrtdfu tm jd tdl jdą`j ` uvà u pbadthm b stuamjtèd, bglmjm, rmzuftdtmstuamjtsh`c djhmtd sf`ąjb.

;?4?. iba`jm èpfmemjt`rdjd lm jbvd wmk strdj`gd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd (www.vup.cr) u bhv`ru hblm

pbstbl` stuamjtsh` nbrue hdb ` Bjf`jm shr`ptdrj`gd. Wv` jdstdvj`g` pbebĉu vfdst`tbi [email protected]

mfmhtrbj`ąhbi àmjt`tmtd pr`stupdlu usfuided tm èdlu ebiuĉjbst prbelmjm bsbkj`c pbadtdhd(ź`vbtbp`sd, pbp`sd bkldvflmj`c rdabvd), bkldvm rmzuftdtd hbfbhv`ld/`sp`td, bkldvm bkdv`lmst`

stuamjtèd, baibau ` prbelmju vrmemjd prmadvdjld/hbjzuftdg`ld ` sf`ąjb. Bjf`jm shr`ptdrj`gdbebiuĉulm jdstdvj`gèd bkldvu sv`c pbtrmkj`c jdstdvj`c edtmr`ldfd, Ťtb bebiuĉulmstuamjtèd pr`prmeu zd sflmamĉd prmadvdjld tm uąmjlm zd `sp`tm/hbfbhv`lm. ] bhv`ru shr`ptdrj`gm

bkldvflmjm su svm `jnbredg`lm vmzdjm uz pbfdidjlm `sp`td< g`flmv` ` sdarźdl prmaemtd, bkf`g`prbvmakm jdstdvm, jdą`j` kbabvdjld, bkvmzjd ` abadtjd f`tmrdturd, jdstdvj` edtmr`ldf` uaì`tdfjbe bkf`hu (prmzmjtdg`lm, vlmźkm, k`flmŤhm) aruib.

Hdhb k` sm bsìurdfb bptèdfjb dfbg`rdjlm prbstbrj`c rmsursd u bkf`hu hdk`jmtd ` avbrdjd,

èpfmemjt`rdj lm sustdv rmzmrvdg`ld pbebĉu hblmi svdh` jdstdvj`h ebźm pbifmadt` rdspbrmaprmadvdjld u svè avbrdjded ` hdk`jmtèd tm jdprdv`t` rmzmrvdg`lu avbrdjm u sfbkbajbe

tmre`ju. ] stuamjtshbl rmnmrda` pbstbl` baibvbrjd bsbkd zd babkrdvdjlm rmzmrvdg`ld hbld vba`

mvàmjg`lu b bptèdfjbl `shbr`Ťtmjbst` prbstbrd. Jdadflm, vba` sm ` mfmhtrbj`ąhd mvàmjg`ld b svèbarźdjè jdstdvjè dht`vjbstèd pb pblma`jbe jdstdvj`hu. Mvàmjt`rdlu sm pbadg` hdb Ťtb lm<adj, vr`lmem ` trdldjlm sv`c jdstdvj`c dht`vjbst`, bkrdĔmjm tmem jd jdstdv`, mvàmjg`ld

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3

stuamjdtd hbl` pr`sustvulu jdstdv`, barźdvdjlm `sp`td ` hbfbhv`ld tm emjtbrstvd jd zdvrŤjèrdabvèd.

Bkz`rbe jd hbjhrmtjm pbtrmkm stuamjdtd ` jdstdvj`hd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, trmjutjb lm u ndz`èpfmemjtdg`lm jmhbf`hb jbv`c usfuid. _rvmjstvmjb, `jnbredg`lsh` sustdv hbl` bklma`jlulm

prbkfmedt`hu pr`ldvm ` `zrdam zdvrŤj`c/a`pfbesh`c rdabvd, jl`cbvm prbvlmrm jd pfdi`rdjbst `

jmprdv`fjb jdvbĔmjlm f`tmrdturm. Jdvmamj` `jnbredg`lsh` sustdv bebiuĉulm hbjtrbfu `zrdamzdvrŤj`c rdabvd u svè ndzded tm jl`cbv prmifma ba strdjm emjtbrd/hbemjtbrd ` prmbstdf`cąfdjbvd pbvlmrmjstvd. @jnbredg`lsh` sustdv bfdhŤdvd rda _bvlmrmjstdvd zd zdvrŤjm rdabvmAruŤtvmjbi ` _bflbpr`vrmajbi balmfd tm bebiuĉulm `zrdau stdt`st`hd hblm uhfluąulu krblemjtbrstvd pb jdstdvj`hu, bglmjm emjtbrd jdhbj bkrdjm zdvrŤjbi rdad ` sf`ąjb. Jdvmamj`sustdv zd a`pfbeshm/zdvrŤjm rdabvm bebiuĉulm a`rmhtjb pbvmĉdjlm hvdf`tmtm prbgmsd pr`ldvm `prbvlmrm rdabvd, suhfdajb prdv`fj`gèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, hdb ` pbvmĉdjlm hvdf`tmtm hbjdąj`czdvrŤj`c/a`pfbesh`c rdabvd tm jl`cbvb aì`tdfjb drc`v`rdjlm.

Arui` `jnbredg`lsh` sustdv u èpfmemjtdg`l` lm djdf`t`ąh` dfdt zd prbvmaku djhmt`rdjld pbstblmĉ`cstuamjdtd, pbtmjg`ldfj`c kuauĉ`c stuamjdtd, tm DF]EJ@-d ` ibspbadrstvmj`hd b rdz`j` hvdf`tmtm

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` hdb ustdjbvm. Hrbz `st` sustdv prbvba`t ĉm sm djhmt`rdjlm ` djdf`zdzdabvbflstvd jdstdvj`gèd (pblma`jdąjb ` zk`rjb pb balmfèd, prmaemtèd ` sf`ąjb), djdf`z` rdadstruąj`c sfuźk` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, hdb ` djdf`z` pbtrmkd stuamjdtd zd jbvè usfuided ` pbvmĉdjlmestuamjtshbi stdjadrad. Jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` prbvba` sm ` `j`g`ldt`vd èpfmemjtdg`lm jbv`c

tmcjbfbi`ld vmzdj`c uz hbfdkbrdg`lu abhuemjdtd, jm sdeb emĔu jdstdvj`gèd jmib `stuamjtèd. Qmcjbfbi`ld lm tmemflmjd jd E`grbsbnt 7>= wmk tmcjbfbi`l` ` bebiuĉulm hbr`Ťtmjlmtzv. bkfdhd, bjf`jm vmrz`lm urmĔ`vdąd abhuemjdtd (Bnn`gm dfdt`), med`fd zjdtjb vmĉ`c ebiuĉjbst`,pr`stup s ebk`fj`c urmĔdld ` sf`ąjb.

Wv` pfdj`rdj` ` pbstblmĉ` `jnbredt`ąh` sustdv` zd jdstdvj`hm ` stuamjtm tmemflm sm jd [email protected]

dutmjt`hdg`lshbl ` dutbr`zdg`lshbl `jnrdstruhtur` sustdvd zjdjbst` ` v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld [mpukf`hmCrvdtshm. ^dźjb lm jdifds`t` hdhb svdhd usfuid ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` èd a`rmhtju pbvmzj`gu sjdvmamjè sustdvbe tm jd tdl jdą`j bebiuĉulm prbvmaku rdzj`c djdf`zd tm prmastdvfldlu tmemflzd scvdĉdjlm pbtrmkd ` rdzvbl jbv`c usfuid.

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` prmpbzjdfb lm ` vdźjbst pbsfbvj`c `jnbredg`ld hblm sm jdfdzm ujmstruhtur`rdjbe bkf`hu (rdzj` abhuemjt` jd rdąujdfèd jdstdvj`hd ` struąj`c sfuźk`). \kbitbid, u pfdju lm abrdad pbstblmĉmi Wustdvd uprdvfldjld abhuemjtdg`lbe (GEW) jd jdą`j adbsè ]ruaźkmjbi zdp`sj`hd bebiuĉ` a`spmrz`lu ` prmtrdź`vdjlm vdźj`c abhuemjdtd svèalmfdtj`gèd ustdjbvm.

Hdb `zuzmtjb vdźjb, jdstdvj`g` ` almfdtj`g` ustdjbvm èdlu `jnbredt`ąh` cmfpamsh zd rda s`jnbredt`ąhè usfuided ` kdzded pbadtdhd, hdb ` pmr`ba`ąhm hrdĉm tmądlmvm zd almfdtj`hm bprèlmj` abstupjm tmcjbfbi`lm (@W^], a`lmflmjlm ` sfdjlm vmĉ`c adtbtmhd, Arbpkbx, hbr`Ťtmjldusfuid wmk strdj`gd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd ` sf`ąjb). Jd tdl jdą`j sm bsìurdvd hvdf`tmtjd prèlmjdtrmjutjb pbstblmĉ`c `jnbredt`ąh`c usfuid, df` ` bebiuĉulm hbeuj`hdg`ld almfdtj`hd b jbvènujhg`bjdfjbstèd hblm zdct`lmvdlu abrdau/èpfmemjtdg`lu.

Bp`sdj` `jnbredt`ąh` sustdv ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd pruźd hvdf`tmtju pbafbiu zd pr`hupfldjlm, vbĔmjlm,bkrdau ` `zvlmŤtdvdjlm b stdt`st`ąhè pbadgèd vmzdjè uz bridj`zdg`lu ` prbvmaku stua`lsh`cprbirded tm sustdv bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm suhfdajb dht`vjbstèd amn`j`rdjè u T_BH-v;.?.

_r`ruąj`hu zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu, pr`lm svmid u pbaruąlu =.9. @jnbredg`lsh`

sustdv ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, tm abhuemjtu TW‗@@ @jtmrj` `zvlmŤtdl` ^]_-d suhfdajb MWI 4.>. @jnbredg`lsh`sustdv` ` TW9 Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u rdzvblu `jnbredg`lshbi sustdvd ^]_-d.







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n) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` b pmr`ba`ąjbl rmv`z`l` stua`lsh`c prbirded hbld uhfluąulm

vdjlshm struąjldhm

[dzvbl pbstblmĉ`c ` uvbĔmjlm jbv`c struąj`c ` spmg`ldf`st`ąh`c a`pfbesh`c struąj`c stua`ldsuhfdajb strdtmi`l` rdzvbld, tm pbtrmkded ibspbadrstvd, fbhdfjm zdlmaj`gm, trź`Ťtd rdad `zd`jtmrms`rdjbst` pbtmjg`ldfj`c stuamjdtd prmastdvfld lmadj ba g`flmvd TW Wtrdtmi`lm hvdf`tmtm jd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtu. WtrdtmŤhè pbaruąlme TW; Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm u rdzvblu ` rmv`z`l` stua`lsh`c

prbirded ` hvdf`n`hdg`ld amn`j`rdjb lm hdhb pr` `zrda` jbv`c ` rdzvblu pbstblmĉ`c stua`lsh`cprbirded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm prdt` ifbkdfjd hrmtdjld, pbsmkjb u zmeflded M] ` rmi`l`. Hdhb kùabvbfl`fb suvrmemjè pbtrmkded bhruźmjld g`fl lm rdzvbl suvrmemj`c jdstdvj`c prbirded s

ldsjb amn`j`rdjè `scbaèd uąmjld ` hbepmtmjg`lded hblm stuamjt` stlmąu pb zdvrŤmthubkrdzbvjbi g`hfusd. @scba` uąmjld trmkdlu sm ldsjb amn`j`rdt` jd rdz`j` hbfmi`ld ` stua`ld suhfdajbrdz`jded bkrdzbvdjld (struąjbl `f` spmg`ldf`st`ąhbl), Murbpshbe ` Crvdtshbe hvdf`n`hdg`lshbe

bhv`ru, prbelmjded u rdzvblu aruŤtvd, rdzvblu barmĔmjbi zjdjstvmjbi pbaruąld ` rdzvbluprdhsm u strug`. G`fl lm `zrda`t` jbvm ` rmvà`rdt` pbstblmĉm stua`lshm prbirdem suhfdajb srbajèstua`lèd u Murbp` hdhb k` bfdhŤdf` stuamjtèd `zkbr stua`ld df` ` bebiuĉ`f` jl`cbvb hvdf`tmtj`lm

uhfluą`vdjlm u murbpshb trź`Ťtm rdad.

Jdvmamjè strdtmŤhè pbaruąlme tdhbĔmr lm amn`j`rdjb hdhb pr`f`hbe eba`n`hdg`lm stua`lsh`c

prbirded trmkd trdź`t` bą`tbvdjlm (e`Ťflmjlm) ibspbadrstvmj`hd `z baibvdrdluĉ`c almfdtjbst` tmba prmastdvj`hd `z fbhdfj`c ldvjb-prdvj`c t`lmfd. QdhbĔmr trmkd rmabv`tb prdt`t` pbvrdtjm`jnbredg`lm pbsfbadvdgd ` k`vŤ`c stuamjdtd (DF]EJ@D) tm `c stbid trmkd dht`vjb uhfluą`t`, hdb

prmastdvj`hm vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd u rda pbvlmrmjstdvd zd rmv`z`lu stua`lsh`c prbirded.

Hdhb k` urma`f` ` prbp`sdf` pbstupdh vrmajbvdjld, pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm, bsuvrmemjl`vdjld hbfmi`ldtm `zelmjd `zvmakmjbi pfdjd stua`lshbi prbirded `zrdĔmj lm ` usvblmj TW;-[M^-_ _rdv`fj`h b

pbstuphu ujdprmĔ`vdjld stua`lsh`c prbirded ^]_-d. Jdvmamjè _rdv`fj`hbe amn`j`rdjm su

edjlm (ab ;?%) ` vmĉm (v`Ťm ba ;?%) `zelmjm stua`lshbi prbirded tm bkrdsg` jd hblèd smpbajbsm pr`lmafbz` `zelmjd `/`f` bsuvrmemjl`vdjld jdstdvjbi pfdjd hbfmi`ld ` stua`lshbi

prbirded u glmf`j`. Amn`j`rdjb lm èmjbvdjlm ` rda pbvlmrmjstdvd zd pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lustua`lsh`c prbirded jd jdą`j ad sm zd svdh` stua`lsh` bsj`vd pbsmkjb pbvlmrmjstvb hblm smsdstbl` ba pmt (=) ąfdjbvd< prbamhdj zd jdstdvu, prbąmfj`h balmfd, prmastdvj`h jdstdvj`hd, ;

prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvb, ldvjbprdvjd t`lmfd, DF]EJ@). _r`f`hbe `zkbrd

prmastdvj`hd DF]EJ@-d vba` sm krìu b prbslmhu bglmjd ` dht`vjbst` zdvrŤmj`c/a`pfbe`rdj`cstuamjdtd. ] rda pbvlmrmjstdvd uhfluąmj` su prmastdvj`g` ibspbadrstvmj`hd ` ldvjbprdvj`c t`lmfd

s hblèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm bstvdrulm zjdądlj`lu surdajlu tm hbl` èdlu v`Ťmiba`Ťjlm rdajb `shustvb ustrug` ąèm lm bsìurdjb uhfluą`vdjlm vdjlsh`c struąjldhd u pbstuphm pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm

stua`lsh`c prbirded.

] T_BH-v;.?. _r`ruąj`hu zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu amn`j`rdjb lm pbaruąlmbsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm Babkrmjlm, prdĉmjlm ` pmr`ba`ąjd rmv`z`ld stua`lsh`c prbirded `hvdf`n`hdg`ld. Wtdjadra hbl` sm źmf` abst`ĉ` lm sflmamĉ`< ‚^mfmuą`f`Ťtm trmkd èdt` nbredfjmemcdj`zem zd babkrdvdjlm, prdĉmjlm ` pmr`ba`ąjd vrmajbvdjld svbl`c prbirded ` hvdf`n`hdg`ld.‖]jutdr jdvmamjbi pbaruąld amn`j`rdjb lm 43 dht`vjbst`. Dht`vjbst ;.47. _mr`ba`ąjd rmv`z`ldstua`lsh`c prbirded èd zd g`fl bsìurdt` hvdf`tmtjm stua`lshm prbirdem ushfdĔmjm s pbtrmkdedtrź`Ťtd rdad ` uspbrma`vm sd srbajè stua`lshè prbirdeèd dhrma`t`rdj`c uą`f`Ťtd M]. Hrbz

jdvmamju dht`vjbst prbp`sdjb lm ad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm prbvba` rmabv`td pmr`ba`ąjd vrmajbvdjldstua`lsh`c prbirded u hbld su uhfluąmj` vdjlsh` a`bj`g` sustdvd (ibspbadrstvb, ldvjb prdvjd

t`lmfd, DF]EJ@ ` sf.). Jdadflm, dht`vjbst ;.49. _r`hupfldjlm e`Ťflmjld ibspbadrstvmj`hd `



4?

prmastdvj`hd fbhdfj`c ldvjbprdvj`c t`lmfd èd zd g`fl bsìurdt` hvdf`tmtjm stua`lshm prbirdem

ushfdĔmjm s pbtrmkded trź`Ťtd rdad (ibspbadrstvd ` ldvjbprdvj`c t`lmfd). Hrbz bvu dht`vjbst

prbp`sdjb lm ad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm trdź` e`Ťflmjld ibspbadrstvmj`hd `/`f` prmastdvj`hd fbhdfj`c ldvjbprdvj`c t`lmfd b pbtrmk` eba`n`hdg`lm pbstblmĉ`c stua`lsh`c prbirded. Jdvmamjèdht`vjbstèd bsìurdjb lm uhfluą`vdjlm vdjlsh`c struąjldhd u pbstuphm pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm

stua`lsh`c prbirded.Wv` stdjadra` ` prbp`s` vmzdj` uz pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lu stua`lsh`c prbirded bkldvflmj` su jd wmkstrdj`g` mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

i) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` zdŤt`tm stuamjtsh`c prdvd

\dŤt`td stuamjtsh`c prdvd rmiuf`rdjd lm _rdv`fj`hbe b prdv`fèd stua`rdjld, d suhfdajb \dhbju

b zjdjstvmjbl almfdtjbst` ` v`sbhbe bkrdzbvdjlu, Wtdtutu ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd ` barmakded Kbfbjlshmamhfdrdg`lm. Ćfdjhbe 43. _rdv`fj`hd prbp`sdjb lm ad<

(4) Wtuamjt` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` hbl` sedtrdlu ad è lm ushrdĉmjb jmhb ba jl`cbv`c prdvd ebiu

sm p`sdjè `f` usemjè zdctlmvbe bkrdt`t` prbamhdju zd jdstdvu `f` stuamjtshbeprdvbkrdj`tmflu. B bsjbvdjbst` zdctlmvd bafuąulm jdafmźjb t`lmfb `f` prbamhdj zd jdstdvu uhbf`hbpbsmkjbe bafuhbe zd pbstupdjlm u pblma`jbl stvdr` j`lm emjbvdjb jdafmźjb t`lmfb.

(;) Wtuamjt` èdlu prdvb pbaj`lmt` prìbvbr amhdju ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd prbt`v pblma`jbi pbstupdjld^mfmuą`f`Ťtd jmpbsrmajb u p`sdjbe bkf`hu, pbŤtbe, u bkf`hu mfmhtrbj`ąhm `sprdvm `zrdĔmjmsuhfdajb zdhbju `f` usemjb jd zdp`sj`h. ] prìbvbru ebrdlu jdvmst` pbstupdjlm prbt`v hblmi

pbajbsm prìbvbr, jdz`v t`lmfd/èm bsbkm hblm/hbld lm abj`lmfb/abj`lmfd bafuhu prbt`v hblm sm

pbajbs` prìbvbr tm rdzfbim svbi jmzdabvbflstvd.

(7) B prìbvbru amhdj ebrd bafuą`t` u rbhu ba 3 adjd.

(1) _`sdj` zdctlmv/prìbvbr stuamjt ebźm abstdv`t` u Qdlj`Ťtvb `f` putme pbŤtm, d mfmhtrbj`ąhèputme, u bkf`hu mfmhtrbj`ąhm `sprdvm `zrdĔmjm suhfdajb zdhbju, jd darmsu mfmhtrbj`ąhm pbŤtmurmaOvup.cr.

(=) ] aruibe stupjlu zd rlmŤdvdjlm stuamjtsh`c p`tdjld jdafmźjb lm Wtruąjb v`lmĉm.

Ćfdjhbe 1;. _rdv`fj`hd amn`j`rdj lm pbstupdh źdfkm jd bglmju. Wtuamjt hbl` sedtrd hdhb j`lmbklmht`vjb bglmjlmj ebźm trdź`t` pbfdidjlm `sp`td prma `sp`tjè pbvlmrmjstvbe. \dctlmv ebrd k`tbkrdzfbźmj p`sdjè putme ` pbajmsmj amhdju hbl` bridj`z`rd pbjbvj` `sp`t u rbhu ba tr` adjdba adjd pbajbŤmjld zdctlmvd. _bstupdh źdfkm prbp`sdj lm tdhbĔmr hrbz dht`vjbst 7.=.

Amn`j`rdjlm pbstuphd źdfkm jd bglmju ujutdr _r`ruąj`hd zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm.

\d pbtrmkm trdjspdrmjtjbi ` dźurjbi bkdvlmŤtdvdjld stuamjdtd, df` ` bstdf`c zd`jtmrms`rdj`ca`bj`hd, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm rdzv`fb hvdf`tmtju wmk strdj`gu. _rdv`fj`hbe b prdv`fèd stua`rdjld

prbp`sdjb lm ad sm wmk strdj`gd ^]_-d upbtrmkfldvd zd bkdvlmŤtdvdjlm stuamjdtd b `zvmakmjè

pfdjbvèd jdstdvm, dhdameshbe hdfmjadru bstdfè rmfmvdjtjè jnbredg`lded.

] _r`ruąj`hu zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm zd pbaruąlm @jnbre`rdjlm ldvjbst`

amn`j`rdfb stdjadra< ‚^mfmuą`f`Ťtm trmkd rmabv`tb bkldvfl`vdt` dźurjm, jmpr`strdjm ` bklmht`vjm

`jnbredg`lm (` hvdf`tdt`vjm ` hvdjt`tdt`vjm) b svblè prbirdeèd ` hvdf`n`hdg`lded, struąjbe `zjdjstvmjbe rdau tm bstdfè vdźjè tmeded.‖ ]jutdr jdvmamjbi pbaruąld amn`j`rdjb lm 4=dht`vjbst`. Dht`vjbst 3.;. Bkldvfl`vdjlm sv c rmfmvdjtj`c `jnbredg`ld jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtdèd zd g`fl bebiuĉ`t` svè a`bj`gèd sustdvd lmajbstdvdj ` trdjspdrmjtdj pr`stup svè

rmfmvdjtjè `jnbredg`lded. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm èmjulm bsbkm zdauźmjm zd bkldvu sdarźdld jd wmk





44

strdj`g` ^]_-d. @emjbvdjm bsbkm auźjm su, suhfdajb bafug`, prbvlmr`t` tbąjbst `jnbredg`ld tmdźurjb bkldvfl`vdt` svm rmfmvdjtjm `jnbredg`lm jd wmk strdj`g`.

Hdhb k` bsìurdf` abstupjbst bsjbvj`c `jnbredg`ld b ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu svè zd`jtmrms`rdjè a`bj`gèdsustdvd, hrbz dht`vjbst 3.7. Bkldvfl`vdjlm bsjbvj`c `jnbredg`ld b ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu prbp`sdjb lm ad sm

ldvjb bkldvflulu bsjbvjm `jnbredg`lm b ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu (tmemflj` prdvj` dht`, `jnbredg`lm b ustrblu `

zdpbsfmj`gèd, `jnbredg`lm b hbjtdhtèd ` ar.).

Dht`vjbst >.4?. @jnbre`rdjlm stuamjdtd èd zd g`fl bsìurdt` abstupjbst dźurj`c `jnbredg`ld bstua`lshè prbirdeèd ` jl`cbvbl `zvmak` svè stuamjtèd. \d pbtrmkm bkdvlmŤtdvdjldstuamjdtd bsìurdj` su rdzf`ą`t` jdą`j` `jnbre`rdjld stuamjdtd (wmk strdj`gm ^]_-d, bifdsjm

pfbąm, ndgmkbbh, sustdv` zd uadflmjb uąmjlm ` ar.)

] _r`ruąj`hu sm jdadflm jdvba`<

Dht`vjbst 3.1. Bkldvfl`vdjlm `jnbredg`ld b stua`lshè prbirdeèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd

Dht`vjbst 3.=. Bkldvfl`vdjlm zvmakmj`c pfdjbvd stua`lsh`c prbirded

Dht`vjbst 3.>. Bsìurdvdjlm ldvjbst` `sp`td ` bkrdjd zdvrŤj`c/a`pfbesh`c rdabvd

Dht`vjbst 3.9. Bkldvfl`vdjlm `jnbredg`ld b ebiuĉjbstèd hblm pràbjbsm hvdf`tmt` stua rdjld

Dht`vjbst 3.3. Bkldvfl`vdjlm prdv fj`hd, uputd ` hr`tmr`ld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd

Dht`vjbst 3.0. Bkldvfl`vdjlm jnbredg`ld b sustdvu bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm

Dht`vjbst 3.4?. ]pbrdkd arui`c ema`ld zd `jnbre`rdjld ldvjbst`

Dht`vjbst 3.4;. @zrdad edrhmt`ji pfdjd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd pbrda` sustdvjbi `jnbre`rdjld

Dht`vjbst 3.47. \dŤt`td bsbkj`c pbadtdhd

Dht`vjbst 3.41. Bs iurdvdjlm ebiuĉjbst` `jnbre`rdjld suhfdajb prbp`sèd@z svmid prmtcbajb jdvmamjbi vàfl`vb lm hdhb su _rdv`fj`hbe b prdv`fèd stua`rdjld amn`j`rdj`

prbamhdj zd jdstdvu ` stuamjtsh` prdvbkrdj`tmfl hdb bsbkm barmĔmjm zd p`tdjld b stuamjtshèprdvèd. Wtuamjtshbi prdvbkrdj`tmfld k`rdlu ąfdjbv` Wtuamjtshbi zkbrd.

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm bsìurdfb urma zd stuamjtm suhfdajb dht`vjbst` >.0. Bsìurdjlm `jnrdstruhturm zd

rda stuamjtsh`c uaruid, Wtuamjtshbi zkbrd ` stuamjtshbi prdvbkrdj`tmfld. G`fl bvm dht`vjbst` lm

bsìurdt` t`lmfèd hbld Ťt`tm `jtmrmsm stuamjdtd ` pbvmĉdvdlu hvdf`tmtu stua`rdjld (stuamjtshm

uaruim, Wtuamjtsh` zkbr, stuamjtsh` prdvbkrdj`tmfl) `jnrdstruhturu zd jmsemtdj rda.

c) Wtdjadra` ` prbp`s` trdljbi usdvrŤdvdjld sv`c zdpbsfmj`hd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm dht`vjb pbt`ąm usdvrŤdvdjlm sv`c zdpbsfmj`hd u pbaruąlèd jl`cbvm almfdtjbst`. ]

g`flu pba`zdjld hvdf`tmtm zjdjstvmjb-`strdź`vdąhm almfdtjbst` jdstdvj`hd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd,_r`ruąj`hbe zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm, hrbz dht`vjbst =.4. @zbkrdzkd jdstdvj`hd, prbp`sdjb lm

ad jdstdvj`g` ` surdaj`g` hbl` jmedlu t`tufu abhtbrd zjdjbst` up uĉulu zdebfku zd n`jdjg`lshbepbtpbrbe pr`f`hbe up`sd jd abhtbrshm stua`lm. ]prdvd rdzedtrd zdebfkm ` usvdld pfdj

n`jdjg`rdjld abhtbrsh`c stua`ld zd sflmamĉu hdfmjadrshu iba`ju. Jd bsjbvu usvblmjbi pfdjdshfdpdlu sm uibvbr` b Ťhbfbvdjlu `zemĔu ^]_-d ` zdpbsfmj`hd tm sm jdstdvj`g` upuĉulu jdabhtbrshm stua`lm. Wuhfdajb shfbpflmjè uibvbrèd jdstdvj`g` su auźj` svdh`c > elmsmg` p`sdjbbkdv`lmst`t` mfmuą`f`Ťtm b svbe usplmcu jd stua`lu.



4;

] g`flu ujdprmĔ`vdjlm struąj`c ` zjdjstvmj`c hbepmtmjg`ld jdstdvj`hd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm pbt`ąmhbjt`ju`rdjb usdvrŤdvdjlm struąj`c ` zjdjstvmj`c hbepmtmjg`ld jdstdvj`hd, Ťtb lm vàfl`vb hrbzdht`vjbst =.;. Hbjt`ju`rdjb usdvrŤdvdjlm jdstdvj`hd. Jdvmamjbe dht`vjbst` amn`j`rdjb lm ad

bafuhu b n`jdjg`lshbl pbtpbr` abjbs` Wtruąjb v`lmĉm. Jdstdvj`g` abstdvfldlu zdebfku zd

sualmfbvdjlm jd rda`bj`g`/sme`jdru/hbjnmrmjg`l` prbąmfj`hu. Bafuhu b upuĉ`vdjlu jdstdvj`hd

abjbs` amhdj. _b pbvrdthu sd usdvrŤdvdjld jdstdvj`h `zrdĔulm `zvlmŤĉm ` abstdvfld prbąmfj`hubalmfd.

Jdstdvjbe bsbkflu bebiuĉmjb lm hbjt`ju`rdjb usdvrŤdvdjlm ` ujdprmĔ`vdjlm jdstdvj`ąh`chbepmtmjg`ld ` bstdf`c vlmŤt`jd. Dht`vjbŤĉu 1.4?. ]sdvrŤdvdjlm ` ujdprmĔ`vdjlm hbepmtmjg`ldjdstdvj`hd zd rda u jdstdv` g`fl lm bsìurdt` ad jdstdvj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd rdspbfdźu pbtrmkjèvlmŤt`jded ` hbepmtmjg`lded zd usplmŤjb prmjbŤmjlm zjdjld stuamjtèd, tm suhfdajb tbemuą`jhbv`tb pbst`zdjlm bąmh`vdj`c `scbad uąmjld. Dht`vjbst sm rmdf`z`rd jd jdą`j ad prbamhdj zdjdstdvu pr`hupfld pr`lmafbim jdstdvj`hd pbaruąld hbepmtmjg`ld hblm k` usdvrŤdvdf`, tmedstruąjbi usdvrŤdvdjld tm g`flmvd hbl` sm źmfm pbst`ĉ` jdvmamjè usdvrŤdvdjlme. Jd bsjbvupr`hupflmj`c pr`lmafbid `zrdĔulm sm TW1-_]JH _fdj usdvrŤdvdjld jdstdvj`ąh`c hbepmtmjg`ld `

bstdf`c vlmŤt`jd u dh.iba. Dht`vjbst` usdvrŤdvdjld `zvrŤdvdlu sm u tbhu dh.iba. suhfdajb pfdju.

Hdhb k` pbtdhf` stuamjtm, jdstdvj`hm ` jmjdstdvjb bsbkflm jd ebk`fjbst u bkf`hu stua`lsh`c

kbrdvdhd, struąjbi usdvrŤdvdjld ` bardĔ`vdjld struąjm prdhsm jd `jbzmejè ` abedĉèv`sbhbŤhbfshè `jst`tug`lded ` pbsfbvjè suklmhtèd, amn`j`rdjd lm dht`vjbst =.4=. @jnbre`rdjlm

stuamjdtd, jdstdvj`hd ` jmjdstdvjbi bsbkfld b ebiuĉjbstèd sualmfbvdjld u prbirdeèdrdzelmjm. Mrdseus hbbra`jdtbr bridj`z`rd dht`vjbst` u shfbpu hbl`c `jnbre`rd stuamjtm,

jdstdvjb ` jmjdstdvjb bsbkflm b ebiuĉjbstèd sualmfbvdjld u prbirdeèd rdzelmjm (`jnb sdt

b Mrdseusu, bafdsg` jd jdstdvu, fmtg` ` sf.). _rbamhdj` `jnbre`rdlu jdstdvj`hm ` jmjdstdvjb

bsbkflm b bstdfè prbirdeèd rdzelmjm jd hblm sm ebiu uhfluą`t`.

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm hbjt`ju`rdjb bkldvflulm jdtlmądlm zd sualmfbvdjlm u prbirdeèd rdzelmjmstuamjdtd, jdstdvj`hd ` jmjdstdvjbi bsbkfld, Ťtb lm amn`j`rdjb hrbz dht`vjbst =.4>. Bkldvfl`vdjlm

jdtlmądld zd sua lmfbvdjlm u prbirdeèd rdzelmjm. G`fl bvm dht`vjbst` lm bsìurdt` abstupjbst

`jnbredg`ld b prbirdeèd rdzelmjm svè zd`jtmrms`rdjè a`bj`gèd sustdvd. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtmrdsp`sulm jdtlmądl zd sualmfbvdjlm u prbirdeu rdzelmjm ` n`jdjg`lshu pbtpbru. Jdtlmądl smbkldvflulm jd wmk strdj`g` ^]_-d. Jd jdtlmądl sm ldvfldlu zd`jtmrms`rdj` a`bj`g` suhfdajb uvlmtèd

jdtlmądld. Amhdj èmjulm pbvlmrmjstvb zd badk`r hdjaàdtd hblm prbvlmrdvd abhuemjtdg`lu `

`zdk`rm jdlkbflm hdjaàdtm hblm ĉm sm uput`t` jd prbirdem rdzelmjm. _b pbvrdthu s prbirded

rdzelmjm zdpbsfmj`g` pbajbsm p`sdjb zvlmŤĉm b rmzuftdtèd usdvrŤdvdjld.

Wtdjadra` trdljbi usdvrŤdvdjld prbp`sdj` _r`ruąj`hbe ldvjb su bkldvflmj` jd wmk strdj`g`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

Qrdljb usdvrŤdvdjlm dae`j`strdt`vjbi ` tmcj`ąhbi bsbkfld prbp`sdjb lm bafuhded Wtruąjbiv`lmĉd. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm pbt`ąm nbredfju `zbkrdzku jmjdstdvjbi bsbkfld upuĉ`vdjlme jd stua`lshm

prbirdem hblèd sm bebiuĉulm jdprmabvdjlm u strug`. Jmnbredfjb usdvrŤdvdjlm bsìurdvd smBafuhbe b nbjau zd jmnbredfjb usdvrŤdvdjlm hblè su, jd iba`Ťjlbl rdzj`, bsìurdjd srmastvdzd usdvrŤdvdjlm zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd hbepmtmjg`ld sv`c zdpbsfmj`hd mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

`) hvdf`tmtd rdad sv`c struąj`c sfuźk`

Hdhb k` bsìurdf` hvdf`tmtju, fdhb abstupju dae`j`strdt`vju pbtpbru stuamjtèd ushfdĔmju s

jl`cbvè pbtrmkded g`fl ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd lm abk`t` uvà u hvdf`tmtu rdad struąj`c sfuźk` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd jdtmemf lu bglmjd bridj`z`rdjbst`, uą`jhbv`tbst`, susrmtfl`vbst` ` arui`c dspmhdtd rdad. Wtbid lm u



47

_r`ruąj`hu zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm amn`j`rdjd dht`vjbst >.47. ^rmajbvdjlm rdad struąj`csfuźk` . Hrbz jdvmamju dht`vjbst barmĔmjb lm ad sm vrmajulm rda struąj`c sfuźk` (jdstdvj`bklmht`, stuamjtshd sfuźkd, hjl`źj`gd, `jnbredt`ąhb-tmcj`ąhd sfuźkd) hdb dae`j`strdt`vjm pbtpbrmstuamjtèd.

Djhmtm zd prdĉmjlm rdad dae`j`strdt`vj`c sfuźk` ^]_-d `zrdĔulm tdlj`h tm prmafdźm sustdv ` jdą`j

djhmt`rdjld. Djhmtj` bkrdsg` ` sustdv djhmt`rdjld suhfdajb barmakded _r`ruąj`hd amn`j`rdj` suabhuemjtbe TW>-D_]DW Djhmtd zd prdĉmjlm usplmŤjbst` rdad dae`j`strdt`vj`c sfuźk`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` . Jd tmemflu prmav`Ĕmj`c bkrdzdgd stuamjt`, jdstdvj`g` ` ]prdvd bglmjluluzdpbsfmj`hm `/`f` struąjm sfuźkm. \d djdf`zu rmzuftdtd djhmtm ` pbauzèdjlm elmrd zd

ujdprmĔ`vdjlm hvdf`tmtm baibvbrj` su amhdj, prbamhdj zd jdstdvu, prbąmfj`g` balmfd `_bvlmrmjstvb zd bsìurdvdjlm ` ujdprmĔ`vdjlm hvdf`tmtm. Djdf`zbe rmzuftdtd ]prdvd bglmjlulm

pbstbl` f` pbtrmkd zd prbvbĔmjlme hbrmht`vj`c elmrd prmed pblma`jè zdpbsfmj`gèd. Amhdj

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd bafuhbe barmĔulm hblm hbrmht`vjm elmrm ĉm sm pbauzmt`, u hblme rdzabkflu,èmjulm bsbku hbld ĉm prdt`t` pblma`jbi zdpbsfmj`hd u `zvrŤdvdjlu t`c elmrd tm jd hrdlu

rdzabkfld prdĉmjld p`sdjè putme `zv`lmst`t` amhdjd b usplmŤjbst` prbvmamj`c elmrd. Amhdj

usemjè putme zvlmŤtdvd tdhvm zdpbsfmj`hm b hbrmht`vjè elmrded hblm ĉm sm prbvmst`.



41

7) B_ĎMJ@QB B WQ]A@LWHBE _[BI[DE]

d) Jdz`v stua`ld

Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd

k) Jbs`tmfl/`zvbĔdą stua`ld

Jbs`tmfl prbirded - ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`.

@zvbĔdą prbirded - ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` ‗ AruŤtvmj` balmf.

g) Q`p stua`lshbi prbirded

Wtruąj` stua`l

a) [dz`jd4 - struąj` stua`l

m) \jdjstvmjb `f` uelmtj`ąhb pbaruąlm

AruŤtvmjm zjdjbst`

n) \jdjstvmjb `f` uelmtj`ąh b pbflm

Mhbjbe`ld

i) \jdjstvmjd `f` uelmtj`ąhd irdjd Qribv`jd ` tur`zde

c) ]vlmt` up`sd

Ebiuĉjbst up`sd jd struąjm stua`lm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` èdlu crvdtsh` arźdvfldj`, pr`pdaj`g`crvdtshbi jdrbad s prmk`vdf`Ťtme `zvdj [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm ` strdj` arźdvfldj` (hbl` sde` pfdĉdlustua`l), hbl` su zdvrŤ`f` srmajlu Ťhbfu pr`ldv`f` sm zd pbfdidjlm `sp`td arźdvjm edturm ` bstvdr`f`prdvb up`sd. [dzrmakmj` pbstupdh sm prbvba` putme Jdg`bjdfjbi `jnbredg`lshbi sustdvd pr`ldvd

jd v`sbhd uą`f`Ťtd vrmajbvdjlme usplmcd u svè rdzrmaèd srmajlm Ťhbfm tm vrmajbvdjlmeprmaemtd hbl` lm pr`stupj`h pbfbź`b jd `sp`tèd arźdvjm edturm

Ebiuĉjbst up`sd jd struąjm stua`lm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` èdlu crvdtsh` arźdvfldj`, pr`pdaj`g`crvdtshbi jdrbad s prmk`vdf`Ťtme `zvdj [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm hbl` j`su bkvmzj`g` pbfdidjld

arźdvjm edturm bajbsjb hbl` su zdvrŤ`f` ąmtvmrbiba`Ťjlu srmajlu Ťhbfu pr`lm ;?4?. iba`jm.[dzrmakmj` pbstupdh tmemfl` sm jd vrmajbvdjlu bpĉmi usplmcd u svdhbe pblma`jbe rdzrmausrmajlm Ťhbfm tm usplmcd jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu (edtur`).

`) Qrdldjlm stua`ld (u smemstrèd)

Wtruąj` stua`l` Qribv`jd trdlm Ťmst (>) smemstdrd. Wtuamjt u svdhbe smemstru stua`ld bstvdrulm7? MGQW kbabvd Ťtb zjdą` ab hbjgd stua`ld uhupjb 43? MGQW kbabvd.



4=

l) Wtruąj` jdz`v

struąj`/d prvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd (kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm (kdgg. bmg.)

h) Djdf`zd ushfdĔmjbst` sd strdtmŤhè g`flmvèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd

Jd tmemflu djdf`zm sdadŤjlmi stdjld (WYBQ djdf`zd) tm suhfdajb e`s`l` ` v`z`l` rdzvbld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtdu _bźmi` `zrdĔmjd lm Wtrdtmi`ld rdzvbld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd zd rdzabkflm ;?41.-;?4>.i. Wtrdtmi`lbe lm

amn`j`rdjb Ťmst (>) ifdvj` strdtmŤh` g`flmv` sd svblè pbsmkjè g`flmvèd, dht`vjbstèd `pbhdzdtmflèd usplmŤjbst`.

WtrdtmŤh` g`fl u pbaruąlu stua`lsh`c prbirded ` stuamjdtd lm ‚Hvdf`tmtjb ` uą`jhbv`tb

ustrbldvdjlm ` `zvbĔmjlm pbstblmĉ`c ` jbv`c struąj`c ` spmg`ldf`st`ąh`c a`pfbesh`c struąj`c stua`ldtmemflmjb jd `scbaèd uąmjld, suhfdajb pbtrmkded ibspbadrstvd, zdlmaj`gm ` rdzvbld aruŤtvd,uz rmi`bjdfju ` murbpshu prmpbzjdtfl`vbst stua`lsh`c prbirded ` pbvmĉdju ebk fjbst stuamjdtd.‖

WtrdtmŤh` g`fl u pbaruąlu surdajlm s ibspbadrstvbe ` fbhdfjbe zdlmaj`gbe lm ‚[mdf`zdg`ld trmĉme`s`lm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` dht`vj`lè abpr`jbsbe mhbjbeshbe, sbg`ldfjbe ` hufturjbe rdzvblurmi`lm putme btvbrmjm surdajlm s ldvjè ` pr`vdtjè smhtbrbe.‖

Qribv`jd hdb ibspbadrshd almfdtjbst èd svm vmĉu ufbiu u ibspbadrshbe rdst ` rdzvblu jdŤmzmeflm. ] prbgmsu murbpsh`c `jtmirdg`ld prbtmhf`c 4?-dh iba`jd ` ufdshbe [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm u

Murbpshu ]j`lu, abŤfb lm ab Ť`rmjld trź`Ťtd, pbvmĉdjm trź`Ťjm hbjhurmjg`lm, pbvmĉdjmhbjgmjtrdg`lm pbtrdźjlm tm sfbźmj`lmi jdą`jd pbsfbvdjld ` uprdvfldjld tribv`jshè pbsfbvjèprbgmsèd. [da` prdĉmjld stbpm ibspbadrshbi rdstd ` pr`kf`źdvdjlu ibspbadrshm rdzv`lmjbst` saruiè murbpshè zmeflded rdstuĉd lm pbtrmkd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl zd rdzvblme edfbi `srmajlmi pbauzmtj`Ťtvd pr` ąmeu tribv`jsh` pbsfbvj` prbgms` ` uprdvfldjlm `stèd èdlu zjdądljuufbiu. Jdvmamjb zdct`lmvd pr`fdibaku jbvbjdstdfè uvlmtèd, hdhb jd ifbkdfjb ` rmi`bjdfjbe,

tdhb ` jd fbhdfjbe trź`Ťtu, hbld zdct`lmvd pbvmĉdjlm rdz`jm ` bpsmid zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd juźj`c zdusplmŤjb trź`Ťjb pbsfbvdjlm. [dzvbl tribv`jshbi smhtbrd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl ` Murbpshbl ]j`làbvba` ab pbtrmkm zdpbŤfldvdjld maug`rdjbi ` struąjbi hdard u pbaruąlu tribv`jm. \dctlmv`

trź`Ťtd rdad zd bkrdzbvdjlme bvdhvbi prbn`fd struąjbi hdard k`t` ĉm svm vmĉ` adfljlè ufdshbeemĔujdrbaj`c tribvdąh`c fdjdgd jd trź`Ťtm [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm.

f) Hbepmtmjg`lm hblm stuamjt stlmąm ` pbsfbv` zd hblm lm bspbsbkflmj

Bstvdr`vdjlme źmflmj`c `scbad uąmjld stuamjt stlmąm hbepmtmjg`lm zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm `sdebzdpbŤfldvdjlm. @scba` uąmjld amn`j`rdj` su tdhb ad sm bpmrdg`bjdf`z`rdlu `scba` uąmjldtmemflme dht`vjbst` hblm sm ebiu bpdźdt` ` elmr`t`. Hbepmtmjg`lm pbardzue`lmvdlu zjdjld,

vlmŤt`jm ` stdvbvm tmemflme hbl`c lm pblma`jdg bspbsbkflmj zd `zvrŤmjlm barmĔmjbi pbsfd.Hbepmtmjg`lm su hbek`jdg`ld zjdjld, prèlmjm zjdjld, stdvbvd ` baibvbrjbst` hbl` bp`sulu

`scbam uąmjld stua`lshbi prbirded.

Murbpsh` hvdf`n`hdg`lsh` bhv`r `scbam uąmjld bp`sulm hdb zjdjld, vlmŤt`jm ` hbepmtmjg`lm u uźmese`sfu (sdebstdfjbst baibvbrjbst).

Jdhbj zdvrŤmthd stua`ld, stuamjt stlmąm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su vdźjm zd trź`Ťtm rdad, d u shfdausu s rmnmrmjtjè bhv`rbe hbl` lm pbstdvflmj ;??>. iba`jm ba strdjm Murbpshbi pdrfdemjtd `

^`lmĉd Murbpm<

4. Wpbsbkjbst hbeuj`g`rdjld jd edtmr`jlme lmz`hu

;. Wpbsbkjbst hbeuj`g`rdjld jd strdjbe lmz`hu



4>

7. [dzue`lmvdjlm hbr`Ťtmjlm zjdjld z edtmedt`hm, zjdjbst` tmcjbfbi`lm

1. Wpbsbkjbst hbr`Ťtmjld jnbredg`lshb-hbeuj`hdg`lsh`c tmcjbfbi`ld (@GQ)

=. Wpbsbkjbst uąmjld

>. Wbg`ldfjm g`v`fjm vlmŤt`jm u euft`hufturdfjbe bhruźmjlu.

9. _bauzmtj`Ťtvb

3. Wpbsbkjbst hufturjbi bpcbĔmjld. G`flmv` struąjbi bkrdzbvdjld, hrbz jdstdvj` prbirde struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd, uselmrmj` suprmed struąjbe bspbsbkfldvdjlu stuamjdtd zd jmpbsrmajb uhfluą`vdjlm u svm rdajm prbgmsm `zpbaruąld tribv`jshm struhm. Jdhbj zdvrŤmthd struąjbi stua`ld stuamjt` stlmąu< bpĉd mhbjbeshdzjdjld, prbnms`bjdfjd zjdjld b tribv`jshè pbsfbvjè prbgmsèd ` prdht`ąjb `shustvb. Wtuamjt`hrbz prbirde stua`ld Qribv`jd rdzv`ldlu hbepmtmjg`lm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm e`hrbmhbjbe`lm, tm

prmpbzjdvdjlm ` uprdvfldjlm tribv`jshè pbsfbvjè prbgmsèd.

Wtuamjt` prvbi stupjld struąjbi tribv`jshbi bkrdzbvdjld èdlu zjdjld b<

bsjbvded mhbjbeshm tmbr`lm, prbgmsèd ifbkdf`zdg`lm, ibspbadrshbe sustdvu Crvdtshm,

bridj`zdg`l` pbsfbvdjld, uprdvfldjlu bajbsèd s hf`lmjtèd, prèlmj` edtmedt`hm `stdt`st`hm u rlmŤdvdjlu pbsfbvj`c prbkfmed, prèlmj` strdj`c lmz`hd u sfuźk` struhm,prèlmj` `jnbredt`ąh`c tmcjbfbi`ld u tribv`j`, pbv`lmst` ` rdzvblu rdąujbvbastvd,rdąujbvbastvmjbl mvàmjg`l` abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, zjdądlhded ldvj`cn`jdjg`ld, n`jdjg`lshè dht`vjbstèd pbauzmtj`hd,

rdzvblu, zdadĉded ` nujhg`lded tribv`jm, vrstded ` ufbz` tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld zdhupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm, ufbz` a`str`kut`vjm tribv`jm jd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl,

prmpbzjdvdjlu ` uprdvfldjlu tribv`jshè pbsfbvjè prbgmsèd jdkdvm, prbadlm `

shfda`Ťtmjld, prèlmj` edrhmt`jid u tribv`j`, ufbz` strdtmi`lshbi emjdaźemjtd `hbjtrbf`jid u edfbprbadljè ` vmfmprbadljè pbauzmĉèd, `zrda` djdf`zm trź`Ťtd,

pbjdŤdjlu hupdgd ` arui`c sua`bj`hd jd trź`Ťtu, fbi`st`ąhè sustdvèd, ujdprmĔmjluprbadlj`c jdkdvj`c prbgmsd, zjdądlhded vdjlshbtribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld.

Wtuamjt` struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stlmąu sflmamĉm vlmŤt`jm<

pbzjdvdjlm tribv`jsh`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsd ` sdebstdfjb vbĔmjlm hbemrg`ldfj`c ` arui`csrbaj`c pbsfbvd ` usfuid u tribv`jshè pbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tmustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm,

rdzue`lmvdjlm tribv`jshbi rmźèd ` prèlmjd zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe

pbsfbvdjlu,

prèlmjd usvblmj`c struąj`c zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd upbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`csua`bj`hd,

pbzjdvdjlm ` prèlmjd pbsfbvj`c strdtmi`ld zd ujdprmĔmjlm fbi`st`ąh`c prbgmsd uujutdrjlbl ` vdjlshbl tribv`j`,

pbzjdvdjlm emtbad `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbipfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zd trź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`cpbedidąd,

scvdĉdjlm emtbad edtmedt`ąhbi e`Ťflmjld `zrdąujdvdjlm stdt`st`ąh`c pdrdemtdrd.



49

Jd hrdlu struąjbi stua`ld stuamjt ebrd `zrda`t` ` bkrdj`t` zdvrŤj` rda u bkèu ba ;? ab 1?strdj`gd. Wtruąjd sm prdhsd bkdvfld u ^. ` ^@. smemstru. ^`Ťm sm `jnbredg`ld ebźm jdĉ` jdcttp<//www.vup.cr.

G`flmv` stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd su bspbsbkfldvdjlm stuamjdtd zd<

4. usvdldjlm zdhbjsh`c rmiufdt`vd pbtrmkj`c zd bkdvfldjlm tribv`jshm almfdtjbst` ` prèlmju

stmąmj`c zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd zd bkdvfldjlm struąj`c pbsfbvd u tribv`jshè suklmhtèd,

;. upbrdku emtbad zd ujdprlmĔmjlm jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd, tm hbr`Ťtmjlm `st`cpr`f`hbe abjbŤmjld pbsfbvj`c bafuhd u svrcu ujdprlmĔmjld pbsfbvdjld tribv`jshbi

pbsfbvjbi suklmhtd,

7. prèlmju prbadlj`c ` edrhmt`jŤh`c strdtmi`ld u pbsfbvjè suklmhtèd almfdtjbst`

tribv`jm,

1. zdpbŤfldvdjlm sdebzdpbŤfldvdjlm u smhtbru tribv`jm,

=. prbnms`bjdfjb jdprmabvdjlm u rdzf`ą`tè irdjded bkdvfldluĉ` pbsfbvm prbvmakmtribv`jsh`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsd,

>. prèlmju emtbad `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi

pfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zd trź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`cpbedidąd,

9. usplmŤdj jdstdvdh stua`ld jd spmg`ldf`st`ąhè a`pfbeshè struąjè stua`lèd.

Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` ebiu<

`jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdjld b bsjbvded mhbjbeshm tmbr`lm ` mhbjbeshbl pbf`t`g`,

utvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd,

àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm `

ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd,

djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshmpbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd,

hbeuj`g`rdt` hbr`stmĉ` strdjm lmz`hm u sfuźk` struhm,

djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm

pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshè pbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tmustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm,

bkrdzfbź`t` rdzvbl, zdadĉm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm, tm vrstm ` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld zdhupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm,

prmavàlmt` utlmgdl a`str`kut`vjm tribv`jm jd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl,

rdzf`hbvdt` prbadljm edrhmt`jŤhm strdtmi`lm,

prmavàlmt` utlmgdl mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`cbafuhd,

prbg`lmj`t` ufbiu n`jdjg`lshbi emjdaźemjtd ` prèlmju stdt`ąh`c ` a`jde`ąh`c emtbad jdpbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd,



43

`jtmrprmt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm mvàmjg`lm abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, n`jdjg`lshm`zvlmŤtdlm, zjdądlhm ldvj`c n`jdjg`ld n`jdjg`lshm dht`vjbst` pbauzmtj`hd,

uspbrma`t` bajbs r`z`hd ` pbvrdtd u pbsfbvdjlu,

pr`stup`t` sdebstdfjbl `zrda` pbsfbvjbi pfdjd,

prbvmst` mhbjbeshu djdf`zu prblmhtd,

`jtmrprmt`rdt` ` prè`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu, prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u

pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`csua`bj`hd,

bg`lmj`t` prèlmju pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm zd ujdprmĔmjlm fbi`st`ąh`c prbgmsd u ujutdrjlbl `

vdjlshbl tribv`j`,

àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm èbiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd,

uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd,

pbsfbvjbi pfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zd trź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`c

pbedidąd, prè`lmj`t` emtbam edtmedt`ąhbi e`Ťflmjld ` `zrdąujdvdjlm stdt`st`ąh`c pdrdemtdrd u

rlmŤdvdjlu pbsfbvj`c prbkfmed,

badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j`gu tvrthm,

prmpbruą`t` jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm dfdtm hdb pbtpbru tribv`jshè prbgmsèd,

utvra`t` utlmgdl prèlmjm suvrmemj`c `jnbredt`ąh`c tmcjbfbi`ld jd pbsfbvdjlm

tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd.

_btmjg`ldfjd rdajd elmstd zd stuamjtm hbl` zdvrŤm struąj` stua`l Qribv`jd su< sdebstdfj`

hbemrg`ldfj` rmnmrmjt, vba`tmfl balmfd vmfmprbadlm `/`f` edfbprbadlm, vba`tmfl prbadvdbj`gm,

prbadlj` prmastdvj`h, vfdsj`h a`rmhtbr edfbi tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd, `ta.

e) mrt`hdfjd ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd u jdg`bjdfjbe ` emĔujdrbajbe prbstbru

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` bsbk`tu pbzbrjbst pr` ustrblu ` `zvmak` bzjdąmjbi struąjbi stua`ldpbsvmt`fb lm dspmhtu btvbrmjbst` stua`ld prmed pbhrmtfl`vbst` stuamjdtd sd bstdfè

vmfmuą`f`Ťtèd ` v`sbhè Ťhbfded u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl. Qdhdv bkf`h surdajlm rdzv`ld sm bsbk`tb

rdabe ` almfbvdjlme ^`lmĉd vmfmuą`f`Ťtd ` v`sbh`c Ťhbfd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl, tm ` jmpbsrmajbesurdajlbe ` urmĔmjlme uzdldej`c bajbsd pblma`j`c vmfmuą`f`Ťtd ` v`sbh`c Ťhbfd u [mpukf`g`Crvdtshbl. Jd tè jdąmfèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` pbtp`sj`gbe lm Wpbrdzued b surdajl`zdhfluąmjbid adjd 1. ruljd ;??1. iba`jm `zemĔu Crvdtsh`c arźdvj`c vmfmuą`f`Ťtd ` arźdvj`c

v`sbh`c Ťhbfd8 ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u [`lmg`, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u Hdrfbvgu, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`, Qmcj`ąhbvmfmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku, tm ^`sbhd zardvstvmjd Ťhbfd u \dirmku. G`fl bzjdąmjbid Wpbrdzued lmusplmŤjd prbvmakd \dhbjd b zjdjstvmjbl almfdtjbst` ` v`sbhbe bkrdzbvdjlu, Kbfbjlshbidprbgmsd, tm rdzvbld struąj`c stua`ld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl hrbz urmĔmjlm uzdldej`c bajbsd u

bkfdst` zjdjstvmjm ` struąjm surdajlm, surdajlm u jdstdv`, `zadvdąhbl almfdtjbst` ` aruièbkfdstèd ba zdlmaj`ąhbi `jtmrmsd zd svm sua`bj`hm Wpbrdzued.

Qmemflme bzjdąmjbi Wpbrdzued ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` zdhfluą`fb lm ` pblma`jdąjm ]ibvbrm b

surdajl` u `zvbĔmjlu prbirded struąj`c stua`ld s aruiè vmfmuą`f`Ťtèd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshblprmaemt hbl`c lm prbvmakd stua`lsh`c prbirded, struąjbi ` zjdjstvmjbi rdad, tm emĔusbkjduzdldejd surdajld.



40

W ifma`Ťtd btvbrmjbst` stua`ld prmed pbhrmtfl`vbst` stuamjdtd, pbstbl` ebiuĉjbst cbr`zbjtdfjm `vmrt`hdfjm pbhrmtfl`vbst` stuamjdtd u se`sfu jl`cbvd prmfdshd t`lmhbe stua`rdjld `f` jdstdvhd

stua`rdjld jd v`Ťbl rdz`j` jd srbajè v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtèd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl.

_rbirde struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd uspbrma`v lm s prbirdeèd tuzmej`c `jst`tug`ld

(cbr`zbjtdfjd ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd) hdb Ťtb su<

- Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku, _rmaa`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l "_bsfbvjd

mhbjbe`ld". Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj`/struąjd

prvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd (kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm. Wtua`l trdlm >

smemstdrd bajbsjb 7 iba`jm.

- Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u Bs`lmhu, _rmaa`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l Qribv`jd. Wtuamjt`

stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj`/struąjd prvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd

(kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm. Wtua`l trdlm > smemstdrd bajbsjb 7 iba`jm.

- ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm Fdvbsfdv [uź`ąhd u ûhbvdru, balmf Qribv`jm. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW

kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj`/struąjd prvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd(kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm. Wtua`l trdlm > smemstdrd bajbsjb 7 iba`jm.

- Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u Wpf`tu, Wvmuą`f`Ťj` balmf zd struąjm stua`lm, Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jshb

pbsfbvdjlm, u trdldjlu > smemstdrd (43? MGQW).

Wtuamjt` hbl` zdvrŤm prbirde struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd, èdlu ebiuĉjbst jdstdvhd Ťhbfbvdjld(vmrt`hdfjd ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd) jd spmg`ldf`st`ąhè a`pfbeshè struąjè stua`lèd, jdtuzmejè `jst`tug`lded hdb Ťtb su<

- Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u Wpf`tu, Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 4;? MGQW kbabvd, u trdldjlu

ba ; iba`jm ` jdz`v struąj` spmg`ldf`st/struąjd spmg`ldf`st`gd.

- ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`, Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 4;? MGQW kbabvd, utrdldjlu ba ; iba`jm ` jdz`v struąj` spmg`ldf`st/struąjd spmg`ldf`st`gd.

Wtuamjt` hbl` zdvrŤm prbirde struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd, èdlu ebiuĉjbst jdstdvhd Ťhbfbvdjld(vmrt`hdfjd ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd) jd spmg`ldf`st`ąhè a`pfbeshè struąjè stua`lèd, jd`jbzmejè `jst`tug`lded hdb Ťtb su<

- ]j`vmrs`td Kbggbj`, E`fdjb< «Kus`jmss dja Mgbjbe`gs¸, Ampdrtemjt bn Mgbjbe`gs,

@tdf`ld8 ;-ymdr Edstmr bn Wg`mjgm prbirdes `j kus`jmss dja mgbjbe`gs. Wtuamjt` stlmąu

4;? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj` spmg`ldf`st mhbjbe`lm (spmg.bmg.). Wtua`l trdlm 1

smemstrd bajbsjb ; iba`jm.

- Irdaudtm Wgcbbf bn Kus`jmss Mgbjbe`gs< «Cìcmr Wgcbbf bn @jtmrjdt`bjdf Gbeemrgm dja

N`jdjgm¸, ^drŤdvd, _bflshd8 Edstmr prbirdeem @jtmrjdt`bjdf Mgbjbe`gs dja Edjdimr`df

Mgbjbe`gs8 Wtuamjt` stlmąu 4;? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj` spmg`ldf`st mhbjbe`lm

(spmg.bmg.). Wtua`l trdlm 1 smemstrd bajbsjb ; iba`jm.

- Qcm @jst`tutm nbr Qrdjspbrt Wtua`ms bnnmrs n`vm Edstmrs prbirdeems< ED Qrdjspbrt

Mgbjbe`gs, EWg Wustd`jdk`f`ty (Qrdjspbrt), EWg Qrdjspbrt _fdjj`ji, EWg Qrdjspbrt

_fdjj`ji dja tcm Mjv`rbjemjtEWg(Mji) dja Qrdjspbrt _fdjj`ji dja Mji`jmmr`ji.

Wtuamjt` stlmąu 4;? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v Edstmr bn Wg`mjgm @QW.

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http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/msc-transport-planning-engineering/



http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/msc-transport-planning/

http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/msc-sustainability-transport/





;?

- Cdjamfsshbfmj Wlîffdja Wya, Jîstvma, Amjjedrh- Dgdamey _rbnnms`bj _rbirdeem- [m

td`f Edjdimemjt. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 4;? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj` spmg`ldf`stmhbjbe`lm (spmg.bmg.). Wtua`l trdlm 1 smemstrd bajbsjb ; iba`jm.

- ]j`vmrs`ty bn Ibtcmjkuri, Wwmamj, Edstmr bn Wg`mjgm `j @jtmrjdt`bjdf Kus`jmss dja

Qrdam. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 4;? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj` spmg`ldf`st mhbjbe`lm

(spmg.bmg.). Wtua`l trdlm 1 smemstrd bajbsjb ; iba`jm.

_rdv`fj`hbe b prdvèd stua`rdjld u ąfdjhu ;>. su prbp`sdj` uvlmt` prmfdshd stuamjtd sd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` jd aruib v`sbhb uą`f`Ťtm ` bkrjutb.

j) _bvmzdjbst s tmemfljè ` ebamrjè vlmŤt`jded ` struhbe

Ibspbadrstvb [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm trmjutjb èd jmstdk`fjb edhrbmhbjbeshb bhruźmjlm, v`sbhustbpu jmzdpbsfmjbst` ` j`shu hupbvju ebĉ. \d tribv`jshu almfdtjbst lm tb birdj`ądvdluĉ`ąèkmj`h rdstd ` zkbi tbid pbstblm svm sbn`st`g`rdj`l` zdctlmv` jd trź`Ťtu rdad zd zjdjlèd `

vlmŤt`jded zd suvrmemjb ` prdht`ąjb vbĔmjlm hbemrg`ldfj`c pbsfbvd u tribv`j` hdhb k` smbstvdr`b rdst edfbprbadlm ` vmfmprbadlm ` pbvmĉdb ua`b tribv`jm u KA_-u [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm.

Hdhb k` sm usplmŤjb prdt`fb jbvm trmjabvm u tribv`jshbl almfdtjbst` jdstdfm svm vmĉbe`jtmirdg`lbe trź`Ťtd ` pbvmĉdjbe hbjhurmjtjbŤĉu pbtrmkjd lm mauhdg`ld hbld ĉm rmzuft`rdt`spmg`n`ąjè zjdjlèd ` vlmŤt`jded pbtrmkjè zd sualmfbvdjlm u suvrmemjè tribv`jshèpbsfbvjè prbgmsèd. Wtua`lsh` prbirde struąjbi stua ld Qribv`jd bspbsbkfldvd stuamjtm zd

sdebstdfj` ` tèsh` rda u tribv`jshè suklmhtèd jd pbsfbvèd rbkjbi pbsfbvdjld, bajbsjb

rdajè elmstèd hdb Ťtb su rmnmrmjt` jdkdvm ` prbadlm u tribv`jshè ` prb`zvbajè aruŤtvèd,vba`tmfl` edfbprbadlj`c pbsfbvj`c lma`j`gd, vba`tmfl` balmflmjld u rbkjè huĉded ` aruièbkf`gèd vmf`h`c prbadvdbj`gd, vba`tmfl` ` bridj`zdtbr` edrhmt`jŤh`c dhg`ld ` sf. Bsè rdzvbld

vlmŤt`jm usvdldjld prbgmsjbi zjdjld, stuamjt` ĉm tbhbe stua`ld tmbr`lsh` ` prdht`ąjb rdzv`ldt`djdf`t`ąhm vlmŤt`jm, tèsh` rda, vlmŤt`jm prmibvdrdjld, vlmŤt`jm ruhbvbĔmjld, vlmŤt`jmujdprmĔmjld jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd, tm

ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd ` ar. Bsè jdvmamj`c vlmŤt`jd stuamjt`

struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stlmąu zjdjld ` spbsbkjbst` b uprdvfldjlu tribv`jshè pbsfbvjè

prbgmsèd jdkdvm, prbadlm ` shfda`Ťtmjld, b prèlmj` edrhmt`jid u tribv`j`, b ufbz` strdtmi`lshbi

emjdaźemjtd ` hbjtrbf`jid u edfbprbadljè ` vmfmprbadljè pbauzmĉèd, b `zrda` djdf`zmtrź`Ťtd, pbjdŤdjlu hupdgd ` arui`c sua`bj`hd jd trź`Ťtu, b fbi`st`ąhè sustdvèd, ujdprmĔmjluprbadlj`c ` jdkdvj`c prbgmsd, b zjdądlhded vdjlshbtribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld, b

rdąujbvbastvmjbl mvàmjg`l` abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, b zjdądlhded ldvj`c n`jdjg`ld, bn`jdjg`lshè dht`vjbstèd pbauzmtj`hd, b prèlmj` ` upbtrmk` suvrmemj`c `jnbredg`lsh`c

tmcjbfbi`ld u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu.

b) _bvmzdjbst s pbtrmkded fbhdfjm zdlmaj`gm

_b zdvrŤmthu bvbid stua`ld stuamjt` su bspbsbkflmj` zd sualmfbvdjlm u prbgmsèd bridj`z`rdjld `

prbvbĔmjld tribv`jsh`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsd u pbauzmĉèd almfdtjbst` tribv`jm. Bkz`rbe jd

jmabvbflju rdz`ju ibspbadrshm rdzv`lmjbst` tm u shfdau s pbf`t`hbe rmi`bjdfjbi rdzv`thd

pbtrmkjb lm bkf`hbvdt` jbvu imjmrdg`lu pbauzmtj`hd u tribv`j` hbl` k` svblè struąjè

hbepmtmjg`lded tm vlmŤt`jded, stmąmjè zdvrŤmthbe jdvmamjbi stua`ld, pbstdf` dht`vjè

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;4

sua`bj`gèd pbhrmtdjld ibspbadrshbi rdzv`thd, hdhb jd rmi`bjdfjbl tdhb ` jd jdg`bjdfjbl

bsjbv`. @zvmakd bvbid stua`ld rmzuftdt lm hbjt`ju`rdjbi prdĉmjld pbtrmkd trź`Ťtd rdad, hdb `

djdf`zm ` `strdź`vdjld utlmgdld bkrdzbvjm aèmjz`lm jd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl prvmjstvmjb urmi`bjdfjbe bhv`ru-bhv`r _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshm źupdj`lm. ] tbe hbjtmhstu rdzedtrdj` su strdtmŤh` àrui` abhuemjt` jd rmi`bjdfjbe j`vbu< [mi`bjdfj` bpmrdt`vj` prbirde ([B_) _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshm

źupdj`lm8 ŵupdj`lshd rdzvbljd strdtmi`ld _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshm źupdj`lm8 stdt`st`hm Crvdtshbi zdvbadzd zdpbŤfldvdjlm, _baruąjd sfuźkd _bźmid8 Ibspbadrshd hbebrd _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshm źupdj`lm8 tmWtrdtmi`ld rdzvbld fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd ;??>. ‗ ;?4;. _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshm źupdj`lm u bhv`ruprbirded Fbhdfjd pdrtjmrstvd zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm u hblme dht`vjb sualmfulm ` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`.

@scba` uąmjld struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd su pbvmzdj` sd Dhg`lshè pfdjbe ŵupdj`lshm rdzvbljmstrdtmi`lm _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshm źupdj`lm hbld pruźd uvà u dht`vjbst` hblm sm pfdj`rdlu prbvmst` ug`flu usplmŤjbi bstvdrmjld g`flmvd, pr`br`tmtd ` elmrd zdadj`c ŵupdj`lshbe rdzvbljbestrdtmi`lbe.

p) Djdf`zd zdpbŤfl`vbst`

\dvrŤmthbe stua`ld stuamjt` prmastdvfldlu jbv` pbtmjg`ldf jd trź`Ťtu rdad ` bebiuĉulu s`zdpbŤfldvdjlm u edfè, srmajlè ` vmf`hè abedĉè ` `jbzmejè tribvdąhè pbauzmĉèd. @stbtdhb, stuamjt` s` bebiuĉulu hrbz stmąmjd zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jm t`lmhbe stua`ld sdebzdpbŤfldvdjlmhrbz pbhrmtdjlm vfdst`tbi pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd, Ťtb prmastdvfld bsjbvu zd imjmr`rdjlm fbhdfjbi `rmi`bjdfjbi ibspbadrshbi rdstd ` rdzvbld.

W bkz`rbe ad lm tribv`jd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl lmadj ba jdlvdźj`l`c pbsfbadvdgd s v`Ťm ba1?.??? pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd (tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd ` bkrtj`hd) hbl` krblm bhb ;??.??? zdpbsfmj`c,

tribv`jshd ` fbi`st`ąhd pbauzmĉd u jbvbjdstdfè mhbjbeshè bhbfjbst èd prmuzèdlu svm

zjdądlj`lu ufbiu u svmuhupjbe rdzvblu. Wtbid lm bprdvadjd pbtrmkd zd pbstbldjlme struąjbi

stua`ld jd hblmeu k` sm bkrdzbvdf` mhbjbe`st` zd tribv`ju._rmed absdadŤjlè `shustvèd, vmĉ`jd lm stuamjdtd jmpbsrmajb jdhbj zdvrŤmthd stua`ld jdŤfddamhvdtjb zdpbsfmjlm u strug`, abh su jmh`, pdh, zdpbąmfd vfdst`t` pbauzmtj`ąh` pbtcvdt.

_rmed rmzuftdtèd prbvmamjbi djhmt`rdjld stuamjdtd hbl` su zdvrŤ`f` struąj` stua`l Qribv`jd^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` u rdzabkflu ;?4?.-;?44. iba`jm vàfl`vb lm ad lm<

- 9?% stuamjdtd zdpbsfmjb ujutdr iba`ju adjd pb zdvrŤmthu stua`ld,

- 1?% stuamjdtd zdpbsfmjb u strug` ujutdr iba`ju adjd pb zdvrŤmthu stua`ld,

- prbslmąjb vr`lmem pbtrmkjb zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm 9 elmsmg`,

- prbslmąjb vr`lmem pbtrmkjb zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm u strug` = elmsmg`.

Wuhfdajb pfdju dht`vjbst` _bvlmrmjstvd zd emĔujdrbaju surdajlu ` surdajlu s ibspbadrstvbe,prbvmamjb lm djhmt`rdjlm ibspbadrstvmj`hd hbl` su zdpbsf`f` struąjm prvbstupj`hm mhbjbe`lm,

selmr Qribv`jd, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`. Ba uhupjbi krbld djhmt`rdj`c ibspbadrstvmj`hd, jl`c

avblm lm bg`lmj`fb zjdjld, vlmŤt`jm ` hbepmtmjg`lm Dfuej`ld ‗ prvbstupj`hd tribv`jm s

prbslmąjbe bglmjbe =.

] pr`fbzèd kr. ; ` 7 sm jdfdz` e`Ťflmjlm Crvdtshbi zdvbad zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm (_baruąj` urma_bźmid) ` Crvdtshm ibspbadrshm hbebrm (_bźmid) b prèlmrmjbst` `scbad uąmjld ` stmąmjèhbepmtmjg`lded hblm stuamjt` stlmąu zdvrŤmthbe struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd. @scba` uąmjld `

hbepmtmjg`lm zd struąj` stua`l Qribv`jd ba strdjm Crvdtshm ibspbadrshm hbebrm bg`lmjlmj` subglmjbe = (`zrdz`tb rmfmvdjtj`). Crvdtsh` zdvba zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm, _baruąj` urma _bźmid, lm u



;;

svbe e`Ťflmjlu jdvmb ad lm almfbvdjlm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, hdb lma`jm v`sbhbbkrdzbvjm`jst`tug`lm u jdŤme hrdlu `zjèjb vdźjb zd ibspbadrsh` ` bpĉ` rdzvbl bvm rmi`lm. ] pr`fbiu krbl ;

jdfdzm sm tdkf`gm sd pbadgèd b krblu jmzdpbsfmj`c pr`ldvflmj`c u mvàmjg`lded C\\-d u

_bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshbl źupdj`l` ` g`lmfbl [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl zd stua`lshm prbirdem hbl` sm `zvbam jd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

q) ]spbrmakd prmafbźmjbi stua`ld s `jbzmejè dhrma`t`rdjè prbirdebe

uifmaj`c v`sbh`c uą`f`Ťtd.

_rbirde struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd uspbrma`v lm s prbirdeèd abedĉ`c ` `jbzmej`c

v`sbhbŤhbfsh`c jst`tug`ld hdb Ťtb su<

- Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku, _rmaa`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l "_bsfbvjdmhbjbe`ld". Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj`/struąjdprvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd (kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm. Wtua`l trdlm >


- Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u Bs`lmhu, _rmaa`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l Qribv`jd.

Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj`/struąjdprvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd (kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm. Wtua`l trdlm >


Qdkf`gd 4. _rbirde struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd ‗ Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu (rmabv`t`

stuamjt`)

4. WMEMWQD[

JD\@^ _[MAEMQD

_[MA. W-^ MGQW

kbabv`Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmĉd 7 4 vl =

Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd ; ; vl >

Mhbjbe`hd jdrbajbi ibspbadrstvd 7 4 s =

_bsfbvjd `jnbredt`hd ; 4s 4vl =

_bzjdvdjlm prmcrdekmjm rbkm 7 4 s =

_bsfbvj` mjifmsh` lmz`h 4 4 4 vl 7

_bsfbvj` jlmedąh` lmz`h 4 4 4 vl 7

Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd 4 - ; vl 4

;. WMEMWQD[

JD\@^ _[MAEMQD

_[MA. W-^ MGQW

kbabv`

Bridj`zdg`ld pbauzmĉd 7 4 s =

Wtdt`st`hd 7 4 vl >

[dąujbvbastvb 7 4 vl >

Mhbjbe`hd tribv`jm ; 4 s =

@jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lmu a`str`kug`l`

4 4s 4vl 1

_bsfbvj` mjifmsh` lmz`h ; 4 4 vl 7

_bsfbvj` jlmedąh` lmz`h ; 4 4 vl 7

Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd ; - ; vl 4



;7

7. WMEMWQD[ JD\@^ _[MAEMQD

_[MA. W-^ MGQW

kbabv`

_bsfbvjm n`jdjg`lm 7 4 s >

Edrhmt`ji 7 4 s =

_bsfbvjd fbi`st`hd 7 4 s >[dąujbvbastvb tribv`jsh`c

pbauzmĉd ; 4 vl =

Qribvdąhb prdvb ; 4 s 1

Mjifmsh` lmz`h 7 4 4 vl 7

Jlmedąh` lmz`h 7 4 4 vl 7


1. WMEMWQD[ JD\@^ _[MAEMQD

_[MA. W-^ MGQW

kbabv`

Jdkdvjb pbsfbvdjlm 7 4 s >

_rbadljb pbsfbvdjlm ; 4 s,4 vl =

]prdvfldjlm bpshrkjè fdjgme 7 4 s >Mjifmsh` lmz`h 1 4 4 vl 7

Jlmedąh` lmz`h 1 4 4 vl 7


Hbeuj`g`rdjlm s trź`Ťtme ; 4 s 1

M- edrhmt`ji ; 4 vl 1

=. WMEMWQD[

JD\@^ _[MAEMQD

_[MA. W-^MGQW

kbabv`

Emjdaźemjt u tribv`j` 7 4 s >

Qrź`Ťtm ` a`str`kug`ld pbflbpr`vrmajb-prmcrdemj`c

prb`zvbad

; 4 s =

Qrdjspbrtjb prdvb ; 4 s 1

_bsfbvjd mt`hd ; - 7

Mjifmsh` lmz`h = 4 4 vl 7

Jlmedąh` lmz`h = 4 4 vl 7

_bjdŤdjlm pbtrbŤdąd ; 4 s 1]prdvfldjlm bajbsèd s pbtrbŤdąèd ; 4 vl 1

Wtrdtmi`lm ufdshd jd `jbzmejb trź`Ťtm ; 4 s 1

JD\@^ _[MAEMQD _[MA. W-^ MGQW

kbabv`

_bjdŤdjlm pbtrbŤdąd ; 4 s 1

]prdvfldjlm bajbsèd s pbtrbŤdąèd ; 4 vl 1

Wtrdtmi`lm ufdshd jd `jbzmejb trź`Ťtm ; 4 s 1

>. WMEMWQD[ JD\@^ _[MAEMQD

_[MA. W-^ MGQW

kbabv`

EmĔujdrbajb tribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm 7 4 s =Edrhmt`ji u tribv`j` ; 4 s =



;1

Fbi`st`hd u tribv`j` ; 4 s =

_bsfbvjb prmibvdrdjlm ; 4 s 1

]prdvfldjlm hdtmibr`lded prb`zvbad (GE) ; 4 s 1

- ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm Fdvbsfdv [uź`ąhd u ^uhbvdru, balmf Qribv`jm. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43?MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v struąj`/struąjd prvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd(kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm. Wtua`l trdlm > smemstdrd bajbsjb 7

iba`jm.

- Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u Wpf`tu, Wvmuą`f`Ťj` balmf zd struąjm stua`lm, Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jshbpbsfbvdjlm, u trdldjlu > smemstdrd (43? MGQW).

- ]j`vmrs`td Kbggbj`, E`fdjb< «Kus`jmss dja Mgbjbe`gs¸, Ampdrtemjt bn Mgbjbe`gs,

@tdf`ld. Wtua`l u trdldjlu > smemstdrd. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd ` sflmamĉmjdz`vm<

Qcm nbffbw`ji maugdt`bjdf prbirdes edhm up tcm ]jamrirdaudtm Wgcbbf<

Kdgcmfbr bn Kus`jmss Dae`j`strdt`bj dja Edjdimemjt (GFMDE)

Kdgcmfbr bn Mgbjbe`gs dja N`jdjgm (GFMN)

Kdgcmfbr bn Mgbjbe`gs dja Wbg`df Wg`mjgms (GFMW)

Kdgcmfbr bn @jtmrjdt`bjdf Mgbjbe`gs dja Edjdimemjt (K@ME), stdrt`ji `j tcm n`rst ymdr

bn d.y. ;??0-;?4? Kdgcmfbr bn @jtmrjdt`bjdf Mgbjbe`gs, Edjdimemjt dja N`jdjgm

(K@MEN)

Kdgcmfbr bn Mgbjbe`gs dja Edjdimemjt `j Drts, Gufturm dja Gbeeuj`gdt`bj

(GFMDGG).

Qdkf`gd ;. _rbirde stua`ld @jtmrjdt`bjdf Mgbjbe`gs dja Edjdimemjt (K@ME), ]j`vmrs`tdKbggbj`, E`fdjb

4st ymdr G_

Wmemstmr @ Edjdimemjt 4;

Edtcmedt`gs, Ebaufm 4 (Imjmrdf) 3

Mgbjbe`gs, Ebaufm 4 (E`grbmgbjbe`gs) 0

;0

Wmemstmr @@ Mgbjbe`gs, Ebaufm ; (Edgrbmgbjbe`gs) 3

Gbeputmr sh`ffs nbr mgbjbe`gs 7

Edtcmedt`gs, Ebaufm ; (Dppf`ma) 9

Mgbjbe`g c`stbry >

;1

N`rst nbrm`ij fdjiudim 1



;=

;ja ymdr

Wmemstmr @ @jtrbaugt`bj tb tcm fmidf systme, Ebaufm 4 >

Dggbujt`ji dja n`jdjg`df stdtmemjt djdfys`s 44

N`jdjg`df edrhmts dja `jst`tut`bjs >Wtdt`st`gs 3

74

;ja ymdr

Wmemstmr @@

Murbpmdj mgbjbe`g pbf`gy >

@jtmrjdt`bjdf mgbjbe`gs >

@jtrbaugt`bj tb tcm fmidf systme, Ebaufm ; >

Gbrpbrdtm n`jdjgm >

Fmdamrsc`p dja edjdimr`df sh`ffs sme`jdrs ;

;>

Wmgbja nbrm`ij fdjiudim 1

7ra ymdr

Wmemstmr @ Dppf`gdt`bjs nbr edjdimemjt >

1 gbepufsbr`ms gcbsmj nrbe tcm nbffbw`ji<

- Bridj`zdt`bj tcmbry

- Edrhmt`ji

- _ukf`g edjdimemjt

- Qmgcjbfbiy dja `jjbvdt`bj edjdimemjt

- Edjdimr`df dggbujt`ji

;1

GW[ & Mtc`gs `j Kus`jmss (sme`jdr) ;

7;

Wmemstmr @@ Kus`jmss strdtmiy >

Ifbkdf`zdt`bj, sbg`mt`ms dja `jst`tut`bjs (sme`jdr) ;

Gbepdrdt`vm kus`jmss dja Murbpmdj fdw 9

Mfmgt`vm 4 br `jtmrjsc`p >

Mfmgt`vm ; >

N`jdf rmpbrt 7

7?



;>

Qbtdf grma`t pb`jts 43?

- Irdaudtm Wgcbbf bn Kus`jmss Mgbjbe`gs< «Cìcmr Wgcbbf bn @jtmrjdt`bjdfGbeemrgm dja N`jdjgm¸, ^drŤdvd, _bflshd8 Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd `

struąj` jdz`v Kdgcmfbr bn Edjdimemjt. Wtua`l trdlm > smemstdrd bajbsjb 7 iba`jm.

- Fbi`st`gs dja @jtmrjdt`bjdf Qrdam, Y`ttmjkbri ]j`vmrs`ty bn Dppf`ma Wg`mjgms,

Dpmfabbrj, J`zbzmeshd. Wtuamjt` stlmąu 43? MGQW kbabvd ` struąj` jdz`v Kdgcmfbr

bn @jtmrjdt`bjdf Kus`jmss Dae`j`strdt`bj. Wtua`l trdlm > smemstdrd bajbsjb 7

iba`jm.

]spbrma`vbst tuzmej`c ` `jbzmej`c stua`ld vàfl`vd lm `z sdebi jdz`vd stua`ld, krbld smemstdrd `

krbld MGQW kbabvd. Wtua`l` su uspbrma`v` ` sd dspmhtd sdarźdld vmĉmi krbld hbfmi`ld (pr`hdzdjb u

tdkf`gded `zjda) `z pbaruąld mhbjbe`hm pbauzmĉd, rdąujbvbastvd, pbsfbvj`c n`jdjg`ld ,

emjdaźemjtd tribv`jm, jdkdvjbi pbsfbvdjld, prbadljbi pbsfbvdjld, pbsfbvjm fbi`st`hm,

hbeuj`g`rdjld s trź`Ťtme prdht`ąjm jdstdvm.

r) @shustvb u zvbĔmjlu st`c f` sf`ąj`c struąj`c stua`ld

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` prèlmjlulm svbld pbz`t`vjd `shustvd ustrbld ` bridj`zdg`lm struąj`c stua`ld[dąujbvbastvd, Qribv`jm, ]prdvjbi stua`ld, ^`jbirdadrstvd, v`jdrstvd ` vbĉdrstvd ba 4003. iba`jm, tm _rmcrdekmjm tmcjbfbi`lm ba ;??>. iba`jm. Qmemflmjb jd `shustvu `zvbĔmjld

jdvmamj`c stua`ld ` zkbi pbtrmkm stuamjdtd zd adfljlè bkrdzbvdjlme `z pbaruąld tribv`jm ba;?4?. iba`jm sm `zvba` spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l Qribv`jshb pbsf bvdjlm. Wtua`lsh`

prbirde jdvmamjbi stua`ld sm tmemfl` jd hbjgmptu jdabirdajlm struąj`c zjdjld `z pbfldmhbjbe`lm ` bebiuĉmjd lm cbr`zbjtdfjd ` vmrt`hdfjd pbhrmtfl`vbst` stuamjdtd u se`sfu jl`cbvd

prmfdshd t`lmhbe stua`rdjld `f` jdstdvhd stua`rdjld jd v`Ťbl rdz`j` jd srbajè v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtèd u[mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl.

s) _drtjmr` `zvdj v`sbhbŤhbfshbi sustdvd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvbĔmjlu prbirded

Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd utmemflmj lm jd hbjgmptu jdifdŤdvdjld prdht`ąjbid a`lmfd jdstdvj`cdht`vjbst`, tm tèm ` pbvmzdjbst` ` dht`vjm surdajlm sd suklmhtèd `zvdj v`sbhbŤhbfshbi sustdvd.

Dht`vjd `jtmrdhg`ld sd vdjlshè suklmhtèd lm juźdj mfmemjt bkrdzbvjbid prbgmsd pr` ustrblu ``zvbĔmjlu stua`ld lmr lm lma`jb tdhb ebiuĉm bspbsbk`t` hbepfmtjbi ` hvdf`tmtjbi struąjldhd, hbl`

pbslmaulm hbjhrmtjd struąjd zjdjld ` hbl` u g`lmfbst` pbzjdlm pbstblmĉm stdjlm u pbaruąlu zd hblmsm bkrdzulm. Qdhvd surdajld zdsj`vd sm jd stdfjbl emĔusbkjbl rdzelmj` `shustdvd, struąj`czjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd.

_drtjmrstvb ` surdajld struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd s pdrtjmrèd `zvdj v`sbhbŤhbfshbi sustdvdbstvdrulm sm rdzf`ą`tè vàbvèd surdajlm (stuamjtshd prdhsd, pbslmt` pbauzmĉèd, sdlebv`), dba sde`c pdrtjmrd trmkd `zavbl`t` jmhm hdb Ťtb su< rdzj` bkf`g` tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd (\vmąmvb a.a.,

Hutlmvb a.a., Wp`j vdf`s a.a.), suklmht` edfbid ` srmajlmid pbauzmtj`Ťtvd (Gbfbr tribv`jd a.b.b., Dffms, a.b.b., _fdemj @jtmrjdt`bjdf abb, Qbeey a.b.b, _rvąd a.b.b., Dutbprbemtjb pbauzmĉm

a.a., _rbemt a.b.b, Brfldvd a.b.b., Hbjtb a.b.b, Durmd edrhmt`ji a.b.b ), n`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm

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;9

(N@JD, \dirmkdąhd kdjhd, Grbdt`d bsìurdjlm), t`lmfd ` ustdjbvm ldvjm vfdst` (Irda _bźmid,ŵupdj`ld _bźmŤhb-sfdvbjshd), hbl` tèm pbstdlu pdrtjmr` mfmuą`f`Ťtd u bkrdzbvdjlu.

t) [dzv`ldjlm emĔujdrbajm surdajlm

EmĔujdrbajd surdajld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` rmdf`z`rd sm hrbz jmhbf`hb vàbvd surdajlm s

`jbzmejè v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtèd. Jdlvdźj`l` bkf`g` surdajlm èpfmemjt`rdlu sm hrbz Mrdseusprbirde Murbpshm uj`lm8 shfdpdjlm uibvbrd/spbrdzued b emĔu`jst`tug`bjdfjbl surdajl` s`jbzmejè v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtèd8 bridj`z`rdjlm emĔujdrbajm zjdjstvmjm hbjnmrmjg`lm jd^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`8 sualmfbvdjlm abedĉ`c jdstdvj`hd jd emĔujdrbajèzjdjstvmjè/struąjè hbjnmrmjg`lded8 bkldvfl`vdjlm rdabvd u zkbrj`gèd rdabvd s

emĔujdrbaj`c hbjnmrmjg`ld hdb ` u emĔujdrbajè ądsbp`sèd8 tm hrbz surdajlu jd zdlmaj`ąhèprblmhtèd.

Wualmfbvdjlm u Mrdseus prbirdeu Murbpshm uj`lm. EmĔujdrbajd surdajld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`jdlvmĉè sm a`lmfbe rmdf`z`rd hrbz Mrdseus M] prbirde. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` sualmfulm ujdvmamjbe prbirdeu ba ;??0./;?4?. dhdameshm iba`jm ąmeu lm prmtcba`fb abk`vdjlmMrdseus svmuą`f`Ťjm pbvmflm (Mrdseus Mxtmjama ]j`vmrs`ty Gcdrtmr ;==43>-@G-4-C[-M[DWE]W-

M]GS-4). _bvmfld lm pb prv` put bebiuĉ`fd uhfluą`vdjlm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u bridj`z`rdju ` hbjt`ju`rdjuemĔujdrbaju ebk`fjbst ` surdajlu hdhb stuamjdtd, tdhb ` jdstdvj`hd. Jdstdvj`gèd lmbebiuĉmjd ebk`fjbst u vàu zjdjstvmjbi, jdstdvjbi ` struąjbi usdvrŤdvdjld. Ebiuĉd lmebk`fjbst zkbi barźdvdjld jdstdvm `f` struąjbi usdvrŤdvdjld jd `jbzmejè v`sbhbbkrdzbvjè`jst`tug`lded. _brma bafdzjm ebk`fjbst` abedĉ`c jdstdvj`hd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm stvbr`fbprmtpbstdvhm zd abfdzju ebk`fjbst `jbzmej`c jdstdvj`hd. _brma ebk`fjbst` jdstdvj`hd

Mrdseus prbirde bebiuĉdvd ` ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd u bkf`hu stua`lshbi kbrdvhd jd `jbzmej`c

pdrtjmrshè v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtèd `f` bardĔ`vdjlm struąjm prdhsm. Hrbz tr` dhdameshm iba`jm, hbf`hb lm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm jbs`tmfl Mrdseus svmuą`f`Ťjm pbvmflm, 0 jdstdvj`hd kbrdv`fb lm jd `jbzmejè

v`sbhbŤhbfshè `jst`tug`lded u jmhbl ba zmedfld ąfdj`gd Murbpshm uj`lm (Jlmedąhd, Dustr`ld,EdĔdrshd, ĆmŤhd). Hrbz Mrdseus prbirde ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm u _bźmi` ab ;?4;./;?47. dh. iba.rmdf`z`rdfb 4> stua`lsh`c ` struąj`c kbrdvdhd abedĉ`c stuamjdtd u `jbzmestvu (= stuamjdtd

bardĔ`vdfb lm lmajbsmemstrdfju struąju prdhsu, abh lm 44 stuamjdtd k`fb jd lmajbsmemstrdfjbe stua`lshbe kbrdvhu jd `jbzmejè pdrtjmrshè tmrg`ldrjè `jst`tug`lded).

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` èd jdelmru dpf`g`rdt` jd jbv` Mrdseus prbirde u jbvbe strdtmŤhberdzabkflu M] (;?41.-;?;?.) tm abadtjb `jtmjz`v`rdt` `jbzmeju ebk`fjbst stuamjdtd ` jdstdvj`hd.

K`fdtmrdfj` uibvbr` s `jbzmejè ustdjbvded. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` trmjutjb èd 7 shfbpflmjdspbrdzued b emĔu`jst`tug`bjdfjbl surdajl` s `jbzmejè v`sbhè uą`f`Ťtèd u bhv`ru Mrdseusprbirded (Cbgcsgcufm Bnnmjkuri (Jlmedąhd, ;?.?;.;?4?.), Fuawìscdnmj ]j`vmrs`ty bn Dppf`maWg`mjgms (Jlmedąhd8 4>.4;.;??0.)8 Gbrv`jus ]j`vmrs`ty bn Kuadpmst (EdĔdrshd, ;7.?7.;?4?.)._brma Mrdseus prbirded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm èd shfbpflmj spbrdzue b surdajl` s Nmamrdf Gbffmim dja

@jst`tutm nbr ^`t`gufturm dja _bebfbiy Hfbstmrjmukuri (Dustr`ld, 49.?7.;??0.). ] rmnmrmjtjbe

rdzabkflu ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm jdelmrdvd pbvmĉdt` krbl tdhv`c shfbpflmj`c spbrdzued hrbz Mrdseusprbirde, df` ` `zvdj jlmid.

Bridj`z`rdjlm emĔujdrbajm zjdjstvmjm hbjnmrmjg`lm. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm u _bźmi` zdlmajb s ADDDE@jtmrjdt`bjdf ^`mjjd (Dustr`ld) bridj`zdtbr emĔujdrbajm zjdjstvmjm hbjnmrmjg`lm ‚^dff`sDurmd‖ hbld sm ba ;??3. iba`jm barźdvd jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`. A`jde`hd barźdvdjld lm svdhmaruim iba`jm. Nbhus emĔujdrbajm hbjnmrmjg`lm lm jd rmi`bjdfjbe rdzvblu bkz`rbe jd tb ad su

vmfmuą`f`Ťtd zkbi svblm pbvmzdjbst` sd suklmhtèd u bhruźmjlu jbs`bg` ibspbadrshbi àruŤtvmjbi rdzvbld svdhm rmi`lm. Hbjnmrmjg`ld lm pmredjmjtjd pfdtnbred zd `jtmra`sg`pf`jdrj`



;3

pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed rmi`bjdfjbid rdzvbld. Qmedtshd pbaruąld hbjnmrmjg`lm pbhr`vdlu<aruŤtvmjm, k`btmcj`ąhm, tmcj`ąhm zjdjbst` ema`g`ju.

Wualmfbvdjlm jd emĔujdrbajè hbjnmrmjg`lded. Jdstdvjb bsbkflm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`hbjt`ju`rdjb sualmfulm jd rdzjè emĔujdrbajè zjdjstvmjè ` struąjè hbjnmrmjg`lded jdpbaruąlu [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm hdb ` jd emĔujdrbajè hbjnmrmjg`lded `zvdj Crvdtshm. Jd tdl

jdą`j pbt`ąm sm emĔujdrbajd surdajld hdb ` rdzelmjd sdzjdjld ` `shustdvd u pbaruąlu struhm tm`jtmir`rdjlm u Ť`ru zjdjstvmju zdlmaj`gu. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm abj`lmfb Bafuhu hblbe su amn`j`rdjèdhsèdfj` `zjbs` hblm jdstdvjb bsbkflm ebźm pbtrbŤ`t` jd èm n`jdjg`rdjld bafdzdhd jdemĔujdrbajm hbjnmrmjg`lm.

Bkldvfl`vdjlm rdabvd u zkbrj`gèd emĔujdrbaj`c zjdjstvmj`c/struąj`c hbjnmrmjg`ld ` uemĔujdrbajè ądsbp`sèd. Jdstdvjb bsbkflm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` hbjt`ju`rdjb bkldvflulmsvblm zjdjstvmjm ` struąjm rdabvm u zkbrj`gèd rdabvd s emĔujdrbaj`c hbjnmrmjg`ld hdb ` uemĔujdrbajè ądsbp`sèd.

Wurdajld jd zdlmaj`ąhè prblmhtèd. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` rmdf`z`rdfb lm lmaju surdajlu s

`jbzmejbe v`sbhbbkrdzbvjbe `jst`tug`lbe - Nmamrdf Gbffmim dja @jst`tutm nbr ^`t`gufturm dja_bebfbiy Hfbstmrjmukuri u Dustr`l` ‗ pr`f`hbe `zrdam murbpshbi prblmhtd u bhv`ru prbirded<

]jdprmĔmjlm struhbvj`c Ťhbfd u bhv`ru GD[AW ;??7. G`fl spbemjutbi prblmhtd k`b lmustrbldvdjlm mauhdg`lshb-tmcjbfbi`lshbi gmjtrd zd v`jdrstvb ` v`jbirdadrstvb u shfbpu

_bflbpr`vrmajbi balmfd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` hdb emĔu`jst`tug`bjdfjbid pdrtjmrstvd

bkrdzbvjbi, struhbvjbi ` trź`Ťjbid smhtbrd. ] bhv`ru dht`vjbst` gmjtrd trmkdfd sm rdzv`ldt`

surdajld ` pbvmz`vdjlm s jdg`bjdfjè ` `zvdjirdj`ąjè suklmhtèd struąjbid bkrdzbvdjld hblàlmfulu u bhv`ru M]. Hdb rmzuftdt surdajlm uspbstdvflmj lm pdrtjmrsh` bajbs ` pbtp`sdj uibvbr b

surdajl`.

[mdf`z`rdjd lm ` lmajd surdajld jdstdvj`hd ^mfmuą f`Ťtd u _bźmi` jd murbpshbe QME_]W prblmhtu

pba jdz`vbe ‚Wtrdj` lmz`g` jd pbaruąlu prdvd‖. G`fl prblmhtd k`b lm jdabpujldvdjlm `bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm zjdjld ` spbsbkjbst` jdstdvj`hd jd pbaruąlu prdvjm struhm. ]sdvrŤdvdjlm smbstvdr`fb sualmfbvdjlme u rda`bj`gded _rblmhtd ` stua`lshè kbrdvgèd jd pdrtjmrshè

svmuą`f`Ťtèd jd pbaruąlu Murbpshm uj`lm.

u) ]shfdĔmjbst s e`jèdfjè uvlmtèd bspbsbkfldvdjld prbp`sdjè

a`rmht vbe ;??=/7>MG Murbpshbi pdrfdemjtd ` ^`lmĉd b pr`zjdvdjlu

struąj`c hvdf`n`hdg`ld.

Jdhbj zdvrŤmthd struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` stlmąu struąj` jdz`v Wtruąj`/dprvbstupj`h/prvbstupj`gd (kdggdfdurmus/kdggdfdurmd) mhbjbe`lm (kdgg. bmg.), zdjèdjlm

mhbjbe`st. \djèdjlm mhbjbe`st j`lm rmiuf`rdjd prbnms`ld urmĔmjd A`rmht`vbe ;??=/7>G tm\dhbjbe b rmiuf`rdjè prbnms`lded ` pr`zjdvdjlu `jbzmej`c struąj`c hvdf`n hdg`ld (JJ 4;1/?0,

1=/44).



;0

1) B_@W _[BI[DED

d) _bp`s bkvmzj`c ` `zkbrj`c hbfmi`ld s krblme sdt` dht`vjm jdstdvm ` krblme

MGQW kbabvd

Qdkf`gd 7. TW;-[M^-Q1-Q-;?47 _fdj `ze`lmjlmjbi `/`f` abpujlmjbi stua`lshbi prbirded (_-

prmadvdjlm, W ‗ sme`jdr, ^ ‗ vlmźkm, Q ‗ tmrmjshd jdstdvd)

WQDQ]W

HBFMI@LD

ů@N[D

HBFMI@LD JD\@^ HBFMI@LD

]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW

_ W ^ Q

4. smemstdr

bkvmzjb

M?4 _bąmfd mhbjbe`lm 7 4 9

M?; Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid @ ; 4 1

M?7 @jnbredt`hd ; ; =

M?= Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd @ ; ; =

M?> ]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @ ; ; =

M?3 Mjifmsh` lmz`h @ /Jlmedąh` lmz`h @4 4 4 7

M?9 Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @ ; ?

MW Wme`jdr; 4

]hupjb bkvmzj` hbfmi`l`< 4; 4 0 7?

`zkbrj`

]hupjb `zkbrj` hbfmi`l`<

4

Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj strdj` lmz`h. ; Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj sme`jdr.



7?

WQDQ]W

HBFMI@LD

ů@N[D


]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW

_ W ^ Q

;. smemstdr

bkvmzjb

M4> Edhrbmhbjbe`ld 7 4 1

M4? Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid @@ ; 4 1

M;? Qribvdąhb prdvb 7 =

M4; Wbg`bfbi`ld ; 4 7

M47 Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd @@ ; ; =

M41 ]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @@ ; ; =

M4= Mjifmsh` lmz`h @@ /Jlmedąh` lmz`h @@7 4 4 7

M?9 Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @@ ; ?

MW Wme`jdr1 4

]hupjb bkvmzj` hbfmi`l`< 4= 4 3 7?

`zkbrj`


7

Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj strdj` lmz`h. 1 Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj sme`jdr.



74

WQDQ]W

HBFMI@LD

ů@N[D


]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW

_ W ^ Q

7. smemstdr

bkvmzjb

M;; Bridj`zdg`ld ` uprdvfldjlm 1 =

M?1 Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ ; 4 1

MQ43 [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @ ; ; 1

M43 Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @ ; 4 7

M40 N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @ 7 4 =

MQ;4 Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @ 7 4 =

M;4 Mjifmsh` lmz`h @@@/ Jlmedąh` lmz`h @@@= 4 4 7

MW Wme`jdr> 4

]hupjb bkvmzj` hbfmi`l`< 49 4 1 7?

`zkbrj`


=

Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj strdj` lmz`h. > Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj sme`jdr.



7;

WQDQ]W

HBFMI@LD

ů@N[D


]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW

_ W ^ Q

@^. smemstdr

bkvmzjb

M44 Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @@ ; 4 1

MQ;> [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ ; ; =

M7; Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @@ ; 4 1

M;= N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ 7 4 >

MQ;0 Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@ 7 4 >

MW Wme`jdr9 4

MQ;1 Wtruąjd prdhsd @ 9 1

]hupjb bkvmzj` hbfmi`l`< 4; 4 4? 7?

`zkbrj`


9 Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj sme`jdr.



77

WQDQ]W

HBFMI@LD

ů@N[D


]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW

_ W ^ Q

^. smemstdr

bkvmzjb

MQ74 _rbadljb pbsfbvdjlm 7 =

MQ7; Hbeuj`g`rdjlm s trź`Ťtme 7 4 =

MQ77 Fbi`st`hd ; 7

MQ71 Emjdaźemjt fluash`c rmsursd ; 4 1

@zkbrj` prmaemt @ ; 4 1

@zkbrj` prmaemt @ ; 4 1

MW Wme`jdr3 4

MQ7> Wtruąjd prdhsd @@ 9 1

]hupjb bkvmzj` hbfmi`l`< 41 4 9 7?

`zkbrj`

M@77 Murbpshm `jtmirdg`lm ; 4 1

M@7> Bpbrmz`vdjlm pbauzmĉd ; 4 1

M@1? \mefl`Ťjb hjl`źjb uprdvjb prdvb ; 4 1

M@1; ]rmashb pbsfbvdjlm ; 4 1

M@73 Bk`tmflshb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb ; 4 1

M@70 AruŤtvmjb baibvbrjb pbsfbvdjlm ; 4 1

M@7; ]prdvfldąhb rdąujbvbastvb ; 4 1


3 Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbjuĔmjbi k`rd lmadj sme`jdr.



71

WQDQ]W

HBFMI@LD

ů@N[D


]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW

_ W ^ Q

^@. smemstdr

bkvmzjb

MQ;= _r`elmjd jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lmu tribv`j`

; ; =

MQ7= Jdkdvjb pbsfbvdjlm 7 4 =

MQ79 Wtruąjd prdhsd @@@ 44 >

MQ73 @zrdad zdvrŤjbi rdad 41

]hupjb bkvmzj` hbfmi`l`< = 4 47 7?

`zkbrj`




7=

Qdkf`gd 1. Bp`s svdhbi hbfmi`ld (TW;-[M^-Q;)

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ldv.prma., Hdtdr`jd tdvf`ĉ, uj`v. spmg.bmg.

4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW)9

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld_bąmfd mhbjbe`lm 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1= _

4.7. Wurdaj`g`Jmed 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.

rdz`jd), pbstbtdh `zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1. Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,

spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj`stua`l)


4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdbp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkvmzj` 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld4. 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`

abpujd prbirded hbfmi`ldedjlm ba ;?%v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` spbzjdlm mhbjbeshm zjdjbst` ` e`hrbmhbjbeshm ` edhrbmhbjbeshm djdf`zm ,bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm u hblèd sm abidĔdlu prbelmjm jd trźŤtu jd strdj` pbjuam ` pbtrdźjlm, djdf`z`rdt` elmrm ` `jstruemjtmmhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm ` bhruźmjld tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ufdzjmhbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjmzd hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` prbirdedhblèd hbfmi`l pràbjbs`

Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

]tvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd

@jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdjld b bsjbvded mhbjbeshm tmbr lm ` mhbjbeshbl pbf`t`g`

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` `scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld _bąmfd mhbjbe`lm, ebĉ`<

Bkldsj`t` pblebvm mhbjbe`hm, mhbjbe`lm, e`hrbmhbjbe`lm edhrbmhbjbe`lm. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` djdf`z`rdt` zdhbj pbjuam ` pbtrdźjlm, tm ąèkmj`hm hbl` almfulu jd prbelmjm trź`Ťjm. Djdf`z`rdt` crvdtshb trź`Ťtm rdad ` hdp`tdfd. Wdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` pbsfbvju àmlu jd tmemflu hblm sm ebźm djdf`z`rdt` prb`zvbĔdąmvd bafuhd b prb`zvbajl`. _rmpbzjdt` trź`Ťjm struhturm ` jl`cbv zjdądl zd edhrbmhbjbeshu rdvjbtmźu u jmhbe ibspbadrstvu. Djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu arźdvm jd ibspbadrshd hrmtdjld u jmhbl mhbjbe`l`.

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljbrdzrdĔmj prmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm

4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)]vba u mhbjbe`lu. (; sdtd)



7>

;. B mhbjbe`l`, mhbjbe`g`, mhbjbeshbe sustdvu, trź`Ťtu ` mhbjbe`stèd (7 sdtd) 7. Hbr`Ťtmjlm mhbjbesh`c rmsursd. (7 sdtd)1. _btrdźjld ‗ pblde, zdhbj pbtrdźjlm ` mfdst`ąjbst pbtrdźjlm (7 sdtd) =. _bjuad ‗ pblde, zdhbj pbjuam ` mfdst`ąjbst pbjuam (7 sdtd) >. Qrź`Ťjd rdvjbtmźd (7 sdtd) 9. _btrbŤjld ` pbtrbŤdąmv `zkbr (; sdtd)

@. hbfbhv`l. (4 sdt)3. _rb`zvbajld ` prb`zvbĔdąmv `zkbr. (7 sdtd) 0. Qrź`Ťtm abkdrd ‗ trź`Ťjd struhturd. (7 sdtd) 4?. Qrź`Ťtm ąèkmj`hd prb`zvbajlm. (7 sdtd) 44. Arźdvd ` trź`Ťtm. (7 sdtd) 4;. Bsjbvju edhrbmhbjbesh` pblebv` ` edhrbmhbjbesh` prbkfme` (7 sdtd)

47.. Edhrbmhbjbeshd rdvjbtmźd (7 sdtd) 41. Ebjmtdrjd ` n`shdfjd pbf`t`hd. (7 sdtd)4=. [mhdp`tufdg`ld, pbjdvfldjlm ` prbvlmrd zjdjld, tm pbtp`s`. (; sdtd)

@@. hbfbhv`l. (4 sdt)

;.>.^rstm zvbĔmjld jdstdvm<

prmadvdjldsme`jdr` ` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm tmrmjshd jdstdvd

sdebstdfj` zdadgèuftèma`ld ` ermźdfdkbrdtbr`lemjtbrsh` rda

(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd

_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu.Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu, k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld (wmk strdj`gm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`). _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhu

dht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrdkbabvjbl vr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht

Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda

Msml [mnmrdt

Hbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrd

zjdjldHbfbhv`l` 1 Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4,= ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlmrdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm `jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)



79

Wtuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd zd dht`vjbst u jdstdv`.7. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t` jdlv`Ťm 3? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm ` dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4? kbabvdHbfbhv`l` 3? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt hbl` jm pbfbź` hbfbhv`lm bkvmzdj lm `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` `sp`t lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td. Hbjdąjd bglmjd prmastdvfld prbslmh av`lu jdvmamj`c glmf`jd.

Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjd uhjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl

prèlmrdhd uhjl`źj`g`

Abstupjbst putmebstdf`c ema`ld

4. Nmrmjądh, @. (;??7) _bąmfd mhbjbe`hm. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu 0

;. tdvf`ĉ, H. (;?44) _bąmfd mhbjbe`lm ‗ shr`ptd. _bźmid< ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`,bkldvflmjb jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr

7. \dk`flmŤhm s prmadvdjld.

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdstua`lshbid prbirded)

4. Kmj`ĉ, ğ. (;??1) Bsjbvm mhbjbe`lm. \dirmk< hbfshd hjlìd ;. Hdr`ĉ, E. (;??>) E`hrbmhbjbe`hd. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt7. Wdeumfsbj, _.D. Jbracdus, Y.A. (;?44) Mhbjbe`ld, S^@@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< Edtm a.b.b.

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`czjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe djdf`z`rdjld prdht`ąj`c prèlmrd tmemflme ąmid ebiu bstvdr`t` kbabvm

`z dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`. _r`f`hbe pr`prmed zd p`sdjlm hbfbhv`ld stuamjtèd lm ba strdjm jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl`jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd `rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd hbfbhv`lèd.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdpr mthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b



73

zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



70

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4 Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma., Hdtdr`jd tdvf`ĉ,uj`v.spmg.bmg.

4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld _bąmfd mhbjbe`lm - sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Jmed 4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj

f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,



4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sdhbfmi`ld

-


4.4;. Iba`jdstua`ld

4. 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`fàbpujd prbirded hbfmi`ld

edjlm ba ;?%v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` spbzjdlm mhbjbeshm zjdjbst` ` e`hrbmhbjbeshm ` edhrbmhbjbeshm djdf`zm ,bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm u hblèd sm abidĔdlu prbelmjm jd trź`Ťtu jd strdj` pbjuam ` pbtrdźjlm, djdf`z`rdt` elmrm ` `jstruemjtmmhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm ` bhruźmjld tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ufdzjm

hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd

hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlmpbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

]tvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd. @jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdjld b bsjbvded mhbjbeshm tmbr`lm mhbjbeshbl pbf t`g`.

Wualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm.


Bkldsj`t` pblebvm mhbjbe`hm, mhbjbe`lm, e`hrbmhbjbe`lm edhrbmhbjbe`lm.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` ` djdf`z`rdt` zdhbj pbjuam ` pbtrdźjlm, tm ąèkmj`hm hbl` almfulu jd prbelmjm trź`Ťjm. Djdf`z`rdt` crvdtshb trź`Ťtm rdad ` hdp`tdfd. Wdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` pbsfbvju àmlu jd tmemflu hblm sm ebźm djdf`z`rdt` prb`zvbĔdąmvd bafuhd b prb`zvbajl`. _rmpbzjdt` trź`Ťjm struhturm ` jl`cbv zjdądl zd edhrbmhbjbeshu rdvjbtmźu u jmhbe ibspbadrstvu.



1?

Djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu arźdvm jd ibspbadrshd hrmtdjld u jmhbl mhbjbe`l`.

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmjprmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm

4. [dzvbl mhbjbeshm e`sf`. Jmglmjbvj` ąèkmj`g` pbjuam. Jmglmjbvj` ąèkmj`g` pbtrdźjlm. (4 sdt) ;. Edfb ` srmajlm pbauzmtj`Ťtvb u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl . (4 sdt) 7. \mefld, rda, hdp`tdf, pbauzmtj`Ťtvb ‗ rmsurs` [C (4 sdt)1. ]tlmgdl trbŤhbvd jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd ‗ prèlmr (4 sdt)=. _rb`zvbajld ` bridj`zdg`ld pbauzmĉd ‗ prèlmr prb`zvbajbi pbauzmĉd (4 sdt)>. Qrź`Ťtm rdad ‗ barmaj`gm hblm utlmąu jd prbelmjm pbjuam ` pbtrdźjlm jd trź`Ťtu rdad (4 sdt)9. Mhbjbeshd ufbid arźdvm ‗ jd prèlmru [C (4 sdt)3. Crvdtshb trź`Ťtm hdp`tdfd (4 sdt) 0. Qrź`Ťtm rdad u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (4 sdt) 4?. ]tlmgdl pbtrbŤjlm ` `jvmst`g`ld jd ibspbadrsh` rdst (4 sdt) 44. Jbvdg ` ebjmtdrjd pbf`t hd ‗ amv`zj` tmądl (4 sdt)

4;. @jvmst`g`lm (4 sdt)47. ^djlshbtribv`jsh` amn`g`t (4 sdt)41. @jnfdg`ld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (4 sdt)4=. _rmifma edhrbmhbjbesh`c abidĔdjld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (4 sdt)


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c zk`vdjld u abemj` crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd `mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm.Jbs`t` jd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu prmav`Ĕmju zd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu `z hbfmi`ld _bąmfd mhbjbe`lm.Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdt` sme`jdrsh` rda, prmed badkrdjbl tme`, tm id sdebstdfjb `zfbź t` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. Dht`vjb ` hr`t`ąhb sualmfbvdjlm pr`f`hbe prmzmjtdg`lm arui`c sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd (hr bz pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld ` advdjlmbaibvbrd).

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)

_bcdĔdjlmjdstdvm/sme`jdrd

?,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht


Msml [mnmrdtHbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrdzjdjld

Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,= (bstdfb up`sdt`)

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jdzdvrŤjbe sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbcdĔdjld



14

sme`jdrshm jdstdvm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd, d jd tmemflu svblm dht`vjbst` (pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld, advdjldbaibvbrd) t`lmhbe `zvmakm ` prmzmjtdg`lm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd arui`c stuamjdtd ebźm bstvdr`t` lbŤ abadtj`c edhsèdfjb 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd ` jl`cbvm dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. _`sdj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jdp`sdj` sme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdj sme`jdrsh` rda, u shfdau s upu tded, stuamjtubebiuĉdvd stlmgdjlm ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd.7. _rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sdebstdfju prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrshbi rdadebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd, bv`sjb b hvdf`tmt` prmzmjtdg`lm.] hbjdąju bglmju `z sme`jdrshbi rdad ufdzm rmzuftdt` pbcdĔdjld ` dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, p`sdjbi a`lmfd rdad `jlmibvm usemjm prmzmjtdg`lm.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd

Dht`vjbst jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` 4? kbabvd

_`sdj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad 1? kbabvd

_rmzmjtdg`ld rdad 1? kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvd



JdsfbvKrbl



4. Nmrmjądh, @. (;??7) _bąmfd mhbjbe`hm. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu 0

;. tdvf`ĉ, H. (;?44) _bąmfd mhbjbe`lm ‗ shr`ptd. _bźmid< ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`,bkldvflmjb jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr


;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthu

pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd

stua`lshbid prbirded)

4. Kmj`ĉ, ğ. (;??1) Bsjbvm mhbjbe`lm. \dirmk< hbfshd hjlìd ;. Hdr`ĉ, E. (;??>) E`hrbmhbjbe`hd. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt7. Kdr`ĉ, ^. ` Ćdvrdh, ^. (;??=) Bsjbvm crvdtshbid ibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< E`hrbrda a.b.b. ` Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk.1. Irupd dutbrd, urmaj`h Aruź`ĉ, @. (;??7) Crvdtshb ibspbadrstvb. \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. =. Wdeumfsbj, _.D. Jbracdus, Y.A. (;?44) Mhbjbe`ld, S^@@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< Edtm a.b.b.>. AruŤtvmjd `strdź`vdjld, ^bf.;? Jb.4 (444) tmedtsh` krbl 9. Crvdtshd ibspbadrshd hbebrd www.cih.cr 3. Arźdvj` zdvba zd stdt`st`hu www.azs.cr 0. E`j`stdrstvb pbauzmtj`Ťtvd bkrtd www.e`jpb.cr

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.minpo.hr/




http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/



1;

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`c

zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld ` advdjlme baibvbrd, d pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbesdebstdfjm `zrdam ` prmzmjt`rdjld rdad. Q`lmhbe `zvrŤmjld sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, abk`vmjbi ba prmaemtjbi jdstdvj`hd,bajbsjb pr` p`sdjlu rdad, stuamjtèd lm ba jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvdstlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd, d pbtrmkj`c zd hvdf`tmtdj pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu sme`jdrshbizdadthd, `zrda` rdad hdb ` jlmibvbl prmzmjtdg`l`.] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu jdstdvj`hd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, bdht`vjbst` stuamjdtd, rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` `zrda` sme`jdrshbi rdad tm pr`f`hbe jlmibvm prmzmjtdg`lm.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, d pbsmk`gm jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f`

abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



17

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4 Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma.ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid 4 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

7? + 4= W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

- 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj

f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l)


4.4?. [maj` krbl`zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) B 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm x

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld

4. 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`

abpujd prbirded hbfmi`ld


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm pr`kf`ź`t` stuamjtèd pblde trź`Ťtd ` jlmibv`c bsbk`tbst` u adjdŤjlme pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu, tm pblde edrhmt`jidhdb pbsfbvjm dht`vjbst` hbld pbvmzulm prb`zvbajlu s pbtrbŤjlbe tdhb ad sm edhsèdfjb, ` tb prbn`tdk`fjb, zdabvbflmpbtrmkm aruŤtvd hblm sm jd trź`Ťtu pbldvflulu hdb pbtrdźjld. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd prmpbzjdvdjlm mfmemjdtdpbjdŤdjld pbtrbŤdąd, strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd, pbf`t`hm prb`zvbad g`lmjd.



hbfmi`l

jmed


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld [dąujbvbastvb ` Qribv`jdstuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< - bkrdzfbź`t` prèlmju edrhmt`jid ujutdr struhm - uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi pfdjd ` arui`cdjdf`zd trź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` `scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sp`td<



11

hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld) - Hdtmibr`z`rd ` uspbrmĔulm vrstm trź`Ťtd u suvrmemjbe bhruźmjlu - BkldŤjldvd tmemfljm bkf`hm pbjdŤdjld pbtrbŤdąd - Djdf`z`rd pblma`jm tmcj`hm strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd - _rmpbzjdlm bkldŤjldvd hr`tmr`lm smiemjtdg`lm trź`Ťtd - _fdj`rd pbf`t`hu prb`zvbad pbauzmĉd - ]tvrĔulm glmjbvjm pbf`t`hm jdstupd jd trź`Ťtu


4. _bv`lmsj` rdzvbl edrhmt`jid- ; sdtd;. Amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm trź`Ťtd-; sdtd7. Ć`ekmj`g` trź`Ťjbi bhruźmjld-; sdtd1. Ebt`v` ` stdvbv` u pbjdŤdjlu pbtrbŤdąd =. Hrm`rdjlm pfdjd edrhmt`jid>. Edrhmt`jŤh` jnbredg`lsh` sustdv-; sdtd

9. Qmcj`hm strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd-; sdtd3. Wmiemjtdg`ld trź`Ťtd-; sdtd0. Badk`r edrhmt`jŤhm strdtmi`lm-; sdtd4?. Amn`j`rdjlm prb`zvbad ` pbf`t`hm prb`zvbad-; sdtd44. Edrhd ` hvdf`tmtd prb`zvbad-; sdtd4;. ŵ`vbtj` g`hfus prb`zvbad-; sdtd47. A`nmrmjg`rdjlm prb`zvbad jd trź`Ťtu-; sdtd41. Amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm g`lmjd-; sdtd4=. Glmjbvjm tmcj`hm jd trź`Ťtu-; sdtd


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` ` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmj lmtmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu_bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld

_`sdjlm sme`jdrd dhb lm badkrdj hdb Wme`jdr @;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt` ua`b

u MGQW kbabv`ed zd svdhu dht`vjbsttdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQW kbabvdbaibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4 _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht


Msml [mnmrdt Hbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrd zjdjld

Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)


;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)



1=

zdvrŤjbe sp`tu Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 0? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd

pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`ckbabvd.

] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` 4? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l` 0? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lmpbfbźmj p`sdj` a`b `sp`td.


;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjd u

hjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl prèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`

Abstupjbstputme bstdf`c

ema`ld

Emfmr, E.< Edrhmt`ji, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh, ;??;. 4;

Fdghbv`ĉ, \., Djarf`ĉ, K.< Bsjbvm strdtmŤhbi edrhmt`jid, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u_bźmi`, Imjb, _bźmid, ;??9.

4?


pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdstua`lshbid prbirded)

Hbtfmr _.< ]prdvfldjlm edrhmt`jibe- djdf`zd, pfdj`rdjlm, prèlmjd ` hbjtrbfd, Edtm, \dirmk, ;??4.

_rmv`Ť`ĉ L., Bzrmt`ĉ AbŤmj ğ< Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid, Davmrtd, \dirmk, ;??9.

^rdjmŤmv`ĉ Q., ^ìjdf` G., ^rbjt`s A.< ]prdvfldjlm strdtmŤhè edrhmt`jibe, Dggmjt, \dirmk, ;??1.

[mjhb J.< Wtrdtmi`lm edrhmt`jid, Jdhfdad Flmvdh, \dirmk, ;??=.

EgAbjdfa E.< Edrhmt`jŤh` pfdjbv`- hdhb `c pr`prmedt`, hdhb `c hbr`st`t`, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??1.

Emfmr E.< Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt uBs`lmhu, Bs`lmh, ;??=.

Hbtfmr, _.< Hbtfmr b edrhmt`jiu- hdhb stvbr t`, bsvbl`t` ibspbadr`t` trź`Ťtèd, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??>.

Irkdg, K.< Jdąmfd edrhmt`jid, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u [`lmg`, [`lmhd, ;??9.

Djarf`ĉ, K.< Bsjbvm tur`st`ąhbi trź`Ťtd, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`, ;?47.



1>

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`czjdjld, vlmŤt`jd hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlusm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm`/`f` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



19

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma.ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ 4.>. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid 4-sme`jdr 4.9.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4= W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

- 4.3. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.7. Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l)

Wtruąj` stua`lQribv`jd

4.0. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sdhbfmi`ld

-

4.1. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @)4.4?. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm x

4.=. Iba`jd stua`ld

4. 4.44. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm pr`kf`ź`t` stuamjtèd pblde trź`Ťtd ` jlmibv`c bsbk`tbst` u adjdŤjlme pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu, tm pblde edrhmt`jid hdbpbsfbvjm dht`vjbst` hbld pbvmzulm prb`zvbajlu s pbtrbŤjlbe tdhb ad sm edhsèdfjb, ` tb prbn`tdk`fjb, zdabvbflm pbtrmkmaruŤtvd hblm sm jd trź`Ťtu pbldvflulu hdb pbtrdźjld. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd prmpbzjdvdjlm mfmemjdtd pbjdŤdjldpbtrbŤdąd, `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd, pbf`t`hm prb`zvbad ` g`lmjd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ufdzjmhbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

jmed


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld [dąujbvbastvb ` Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< - bkrdzfbź`t` prèlmju edrhmt`jid ujutdr struhm - uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi pfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zdtrź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm


Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sme`jdrd<- Hdtmibr`z`rd ` uspbrmĔulm vrstm trź`Ťtd u suvrmemjbe bhruźmjlu - BkldŤjldvd tmemfljm bkf`hm pbjdŤdjld pbtrbŤdąd - Djdf`z`rd pblma`jm tmcj`hm strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd



13

- _rmpbzjdlm bkldŤjldvd hr`tmr`lm smiemjtdg`lm trź`Ťtd - _fdj`rd pbf`t`hu prb`zvbad pbauzmĉd - ]tvrĔulm glmjbvjm pbf`t`hm jdstupd jd trź`Ťtu


Qmem sme`jdrd hbl` sm `zfdźu su< 4. _bv`lmsj` rdzvbl edrhmt`jid- 4 sdt;. Amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm trź`Ťtd-4 sdt7. Ćèkmj`g` trź`Ťjbi bhruźmjld-4 sdt1. Ebt`v` ` stdvbv` u pbjdŤdjlu pbtrbŤdąd-4 sdt=. Hrm`rdjlm pfdjd edrhmt`jid- 4 sdt>. Edrhmt`jŤh` jnbredg`lsh` sustdv-4 sdt9. Qmcj`hm strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd-4 sdt3. Wmiemjtdg`ld trź`Ťtd-4 sdt

0. Badk`r edrhmt`jŤhm strdtmi`lm-4 sdt4?. Amn`j`rdjlm prb`zvbad ` pbf`t`hm prb`zvbad-4 sdt44. Edrhd ` hvdf`tmtd prb`zvbad-4 sdt4;. ŵ`vbtj` g`hfus prb`zvbad-4 sdt47. A`nmrmjg`rdjlm prb`zvbad jd trź`Ťtu-4 sdt41. Amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm g`lmjd-4 sdt4=. Glmjbvjm tmcj`hm jd trź`Ťtu-4 sdt




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrd Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu_`sdjlm sme`jdrd dhb lm badkrdj hdb Wme`jdr @@zfdidjlm sme`jdrd


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ?,1 _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht

Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm ?,; _rdht`ąj` rda


Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,1 (bstdfb up`sdt`)



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą.



10

7. Jdp`sdj` ` bkrdjlmj` sme`jdr abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz tb ebźm bstvdr`t` 3? kbabvd. 1. _rmzmjtdg`ld bstvdrulm ;? kbabvd] hbjdąju bglmju ufdz` p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b sme`jdrd. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrd ;? kbabvd

_`sdj` a`b sme`jdrd 3? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tu




Jdsfbv

Krbl


Abstupjbst

putme bstdf`cema`ld


Fdghbv`ĉ, \., Djarf`ĉ, K.< Bsjbvm strdtmŤhbi edrhmt`jid, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`,Imjb, _bźmid, ;??9.

4?




Hbtfmr _.< ]prdvfldjlm edrhmt`jibe- djdf`zd, pfdj`rdjlm, prèlmjd ` hbjtrbfd, Edtm, \dirmk, ;??4.





Emfmr E.< Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu,Bs`lmh, ;??=.

Hbtfmr, _.< Hbtfmr b edrhmt`jiu- hdhb stvbr t`, bsvbl`t` ibspbadr`t` trź`Ťtèd, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??>.




Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.



=?

@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



=4

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg.[bkmrt @afkmh, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld @jnbredt`hd 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

7? _ + 7? ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

ar.sg. Bf`vmr C`p, prbn.v.Ť. 4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj`stua`l)

Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd 4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd

bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkvmzdj4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ld

Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm amtdfljb upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s bsjbvjè `jnbredt`ąhè pblebvèd hdb Ťtb su< cdravmr ` a`lmfbv`rdąujdfd, sbntvmr ` rdzvbl sbntvmrd (prbirde`rdjlm), bpmrdt`vj` sustdv`, kdzm pbadtdhd, `jtmrjmt ` wmk tmcjbfbi`lm, mfmhtrbj`ąhbpbsfbvdjlm, mfmhtrbj`ąhd pfdĉdjld ` sf`ąjb. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd sdebstdfdj ` jdprmadj rda s rdąujdfbe, pr` tbemhbr`stmĉ` E`grbsbnt bpmrdt`vj` sustdv ` urmashm dfdtm, tm stvbr`t` prmauvlmtm zd pbzjdvdjlm pr`jg`pd rdad @jtmrjmtd ` rdąujdf jmermźm, prmtrdź`vdjlm kdzd pbadtdhd ` hbr`Ťtmjlm tmcjbfbi`ld hblm su tmemfl zd sdebstdfju prbvmaku rdąujbvbastvmj`c `tribv`jsh`c prbgmsd u pbauzmĉu.


hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld @jnbredt`hd uhfluąulu< pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c jnbredt`ąh`c pblebvd pr`jg`pd rdad rdąujdfd, pbzjdvdjlm tmemflj`c zjdjld b pr`jg`pu rdad @jtmrjmtd


Jdhbj basfuŤdjbi hbfmi`ld, stuamjt ĉm ebĉ` upbtr`lmk`t` `jnbredg`lshu tmcjbfbi`lu zd rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmed `z pbaruąld struhm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld @jnbredt`hd, ebĉ`< sdebstdfjb abj`lmt` bafuhm b jdkdvg` rdąujdfjm bprmem zd vfdst`tm pbtrmkm, amn`j`rdt` ` bp`sdt` bpmrdt`vjm sustdvm ` dpf`hdg`lsh` sbntvmr tm bajbs cdravmrd ` sbntvmrd u rdau rdąujdfd,



=;

sdebstdfjb `zrda`t` bsjbvjm ` sfbźmjm abhuemjtm u E`grbsbnt Bnn`gm pdhmtu, prbjdĉ` pbtrmkjm `jnbredg`lm jd@jtmrjmtu tm sm jmsemtdjb sfuź`t` bsjbvjè wmk smrv`sèd ` mfmhtrbj`ąhbe pbŤtbe.

prmpbzjdt` rdzf`ą`tm pr`stupm u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed vmzdj`c uz `zrdau rdzj`c vrstd abhuemjdtd ` kdzd pbadtdhd zdpbsfbvjm mvàmjg`lm,

sdebstdfjb jdprdv`t` sfbźmju prmzmjtdg`lu zdadjm tmem tm lu irdn`ąh` ` st`fsh` pr`prme`t` zd pbsfbvju jdelmju, bkldsj`t` utlmgdl `jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm jd mhbjbe`lu ` jlmj utlmgdl jd pbsfbvdjlm u bhv`ru struhm rdąujbvbastvd `

tribv`jm,

amn`j`rdj` ` bkldsj`t` sìurjbsju zdŤt`tu rdąujdfj`c sustdvd tm sdebstdfjb rdzf`hbvdt` rdzjm vrstm sìurjbsj`c pr`lmtjl`.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (;c)]pbzjdvdjlm s bsjbvjè pblebvèd vmzdj è uz `jnbredt`hu tm hrdthd djdf`zd absdadŤjl`c prmazjdjld ` `shustdvd

pbfdzj`hd;. [dzf`hd pbled djdfbijb ` aì`tdfjb (;c)

Aì`tdf`zdg`ld djdfbij`c pbldvd, aì`tdfjd tmcjbfbi`ldAì`tdfjb aruŤtvb, aì`tdfjd mhbjbe`ld, v`rtudfjd abkrd

7. Bajbs `jnbredt`hm ` pbsfbvjbi sustdvd (;c)]pbzjdvdjlm s pblebvèd pbadthd, `jnbredg`lm ` kdzm pbadtdhd^dźjbst` `jnbredg`ld u pbsfbvjbe sustdvu, prèlmr` `z prdhsm @jnbredg`lsh` sustdv` pbauzmĉd

1. [dąujdfjd rmvbfug`ld ` cdravmr (;c) _bv`lmsj` rdzvbl `jnbredg`lshm tmcjbfbi`lm s jdifdshbe jd Ebbrmbv zdhbjBsjbvjm ufdzjb-`zfdzjm ` bkrdakmjm lma`j`gm tm elmrjm lma`j`gm zd elmrmjlm jl`cbv`c hdrdhtmr`st`hd

=. Wbntvmr ` rdzvbl sbntvmrd (;c)Bajbs sbntvmrd ` cdravmrd^rstm sbntvmrd (bpmrdg`lsh` sustdv`, dpf`hdg`lsh`, urmash`, rdzvblj` sbntvmr, mhspmrtj` sustdv`)[dzvbl sbntvmrd ` prbkfmedt`hd u pbstdvfldjlu zdctlmvd prmed `jnbredt`ądrèd zd rdzvbl sbntvmrd

>. Bridj`zdg`ld pbadtdhd (;c)Wtruhtur`rdj` ` jmstruhtur`rdj` pbadgÀ`shbv`, edpm, adtbtmhm ` vrstm adtbtmhd tm jdą`j` pbcrdjm pbadtdhd Jdą`j` ` vrstm sdźèdjld pbadtdhd u rdąujdfjbe sustdvu Kdzm ` shfda`Ťtd pbadtdhd

9. [dąujdfjm ermźm (;c) ^rstm rdąujdfj`c ermźd bkz`rbe jd tmcjbfbi`lu spdldjld ` absmiErmźj` prbtbhbf` pbtrmkj` zd hbeuj`hdg`lu rdąujdfd Hf`lmjt/pbsfuź`tmfl jdą`j hbeuj`hdg`lm

3. @jtmrjmt, wmk ` `jtrdjmt (;c)Wtdjadrajm usfuim @jtmrjmtd, prmtrdź`vdjlm @jtmrjmtd _rbtbhbf`, darmsm ` jdą`j pr`lmjbsd pbadtdhd jd @jtmrjmtu _bzjdt` ermźj` smrv`s` zd a`lmflmjlm adtbtmhd ` euftèma`lm



=7

]fbid aruŤtvmj`c ermźd ` wmk ;.? tmcjbfbi`ld jd pblma`jgd, aruŤtvb ` pbsfbvdjlm @jtrdjmt hdb jdą`j hbeuj`hdg`lm u pbauzmĉu

0. Wìurjbsj` dspmht` hbr`Ťtmjld rdąujdfjm tmcjbfbi`lm (;c) QmcjbfbŤh` ` zdhbjsh` prmauvlmt` zd sìurjb hbr`Ťtmjlm rdąujdfj`c ermźd ` @jtmrjmtd ^`rus`, grv`, trbldjsh` hbjl` ` aruim vrstm edf`g`bzjbi sbntvmrd

4?. Mfmhtrbj`ąhb pbsfbvdjlm (;c) Ebamf` m-pbsfbvdjld ` edrhmt`ji u m-pbsfbvdjluQmcjbfbŤh` prmauvlmt` zd m-pbsfbvdjlm

44. M-pbsfbvdjlm u Crvdtshbl ` M] (;c)_btrmkjd `jnrdstruhturd ` prèlmr` K;K, K;K, I;K ` G;G u Crvdtshbl ` M]

4;. Mfmhtrbj`ąhd pfdĉdjld (;c) _fdĉdjlm putme mfmhtrbj`ąhbi jbvgd ` hdrt`gd

QmcjbfbŤhd `jnrdstruhturd zd mfmhtrbj`ąhb pfdĉdjld _rèlmr` `z prdhsm

47. \dŤt`td pbadtdhd ` pr`vdtjbst (;c) Aì`tdfj` pbtp`s ` gmrt`n`hdtMjhr`pg`ld pbadtdhd ` sìurjbsjm hbp`lmKr`sdjlm pbadtdhd ` nbrmjz`hd `zkr`sdj`c pbadtdhd

41. _mrspmht`vm rdzvbld pbsfbvjm `jnbredt`hm (;c)[dąujdfj` hfdstmr` ` bkfdg`, jbvm tmcjbfbi`lm zdŤt`tm

4=. Badkrdjm tmem ba vdźjbst` u jnbredt`g` (;c) Bsbkjb rdąujdrstvb, jmtt`qumttm, kfbibv`, dirmidg`ld, pblde "`jtmrjmt stvdr`"

_bcdĔdluĉ` vlmźkm, stuamjt ĉm u `jnbredt`ąhbe hdk`jmtu bkrda`t` sflmamĉm< 4. Amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj vlmźk` Amtdfldj pr`hdz hbepbjmjt` rdąujdfd (;c) ;. Bpmrdt`vj` sustdv EW Y`jabws 3, adtbtmąj` sustdv, rda u ermź` (;c) 7. Jdprmajb prmtrdź`vdjlm @jtmrjmtd ` kdzm pbadtdhd (1c)1. Hbr`Ťtmjlm med`f sustdvd jd ^]_.cr abemj` (Bnn`gm 7>=) ` [email protected] (;c)=. Bsjbvjm ` jdprmajm nujhg`bjdfjbst` EW Ybra ;?47 pdhmtd (0c)>. Bsjbvjm ` jdprmajm nujhg`bjdfjbst` EW Mxgmf ;?47 pdhmtd (0c)

9. Bsjbvjm ` jdprmajm nujhg`bjdfjbst` EW _bwmr_b`jt ;?47 pdhmtd (;c)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<







=1


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu

Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu

_bcdĔdjld hbfbhv`ld `f` `zfdzdh jd p`semj` ` usemj` `sp`t


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ; _`sdj` `sp`t _rblmht

Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda 4


Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm

4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ;_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t`bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.



JdsfbvKrbl

prèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`


ema`ldmflhb _dj`dj (;??=) _bsfbvjd `jnbredt`hd zd mhbjbe`stm. \dirmk< Edsema`d 4;

^drid, E. ` arui` (;??9) @jnbredt`hd u pbsfbvdjlu. \dirmk< Mfmemjt3

_rmzmjtdg`lm ` zdk`flmŤhm s prmadvdjld u tmhuĉbl jdstdvjbl iba`j`. cttp<//www.vup.cr/

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthu [bffmr, A.< @jnbredt`ąh` pr`ruąj`h zd jdstdvu ` prdhsu. \dirmk< @jnbredtbr. ůèujbv`ĉ, ^. (;??0) ]vba u `jnbredg`lshm sustdvm. \dirmk< Ibfamj Edrhmt`ji. (; hbe u hjl`źj`g`)



==



_mtr`g, A. (;??;) @jtmrjmt uzauź ` pbpr`lmhb. \dirmk< Wys_r`jt. (4 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _mtr`g, A. (;??7) Krz` vba`ą hrbz @jtmrjmt. \dirmk< Q `shdrd _r`jtmf. (= hbe u hjl`źj`g`)

_dj`dj, ŵ. (;??;) @zdzbv` mfmhtrbj`ąhbi pbsfbvdjld. \dirmk< Jdrbajm jbv`jm. (; hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _dj`dj, ŵ. (;???) Mfmhtrbj`ąhb tribvdjlm. \dirmk< W`jmri`ld. (3 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _dj`dj, ŵ. (;???) @jtmrjmt ` edfb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb. \dirmk< @jnbredtbr. (7 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _dj`dj, ŵ. (;??7) Bajbs` s hf`lmjtèd u M-pbsfbvdjlu. \dirdk< W`jmri`ld. (; hbe u hjl`źj`g`). Djjdkmf \. Abaa (;??;) Qmfmhbeuj`hdg`lm. \dirmk< Dfibr`tde. (7 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) [uź`ĉ, A. ` ar. (;??0) M-edrhmt`ji. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt. (1 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Gbjry-Eurdy, D., ^mdnmr, ^. (;??=) Wìurj` jd @jtmrjmtu < prdht`ąj` vba`ą zd sìurdj rda jd @jtmrjmtu hba huĉm.

\dirmk< E`Ť. (= hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Eumffmr, L., Wr`ĉd, ^. (;??=) ]prdvfldjlm bajbsbe s hf`lmjtèd < prèlmjbe G[E pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm ab pbvmĉdjld

hbjhurmjtjbst`. \dirmk< Amfn`j-rdzvbl edjdimemjtd. (7 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Gdsstmfs, E. (;??7) @jtmrjmt idfdhs`ld < rdze`Ťfldjld b @jtmrjmtu, pbsfbvdjlu ` aruŤtvu. \dirmk< Jdhfdad Lmsmjsh` `

Qurh. (4 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Ćdsbp`s`

d. K]I (www.kui.cr , abstupjb u hjl`źj`g` u Ťtdepdjbe ` bjf`jm `zadjlu) k. Ermźd (www.kui.cr , abstupjb u hjl`źj`g` u Ťtdepdjbe ` bjf`jm `zadjlu) g. @jnbQrmja - abstupjb u hjl`źj`g` u Ťtdepdjbe `zadjlu

\dhbjsh` ` pbazdhbjsh` prbp`s`<d. \dhbj b aì`tdfjbe pbtp`su (JJ 4?/?;)


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst`jd jdstdv`. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/

http://www.bug.hr/



=>

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld prma. Kbldj [da`Ť`ĉ, prbn. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldIbspbadrshd edtmedt`hd 4 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_ + 7? ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Jmed 4.0. [dzjd pr`elmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.


Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd

bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkvmzdj 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm usvbl`t`, hrbz prmadvdjld, tmemfljd edtmedt`ąhd zjdjld juźjd zd kbflm rdzue`lmvdjlm pr`rbaj`c zdhbj`tbst`. Hrbzvlmźkm usvbl`t` bsjbvjd edtmedt`ąhd zjdjld pbtrmkjd zd rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmed ` zdadtdhd. Jdv`hdvdt` jd sustdvjbst, tbąjbst,urmajbst ` hbjg`zjbst u p`semjbe ` usemjbe `zrdźdvdjlu ` rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed.


Jmed uvlmtd


4. pr`e`lmj`t` emtbam edtmedt`ąhbi e`Ťflmjld u rlmŤdvdjlu pbsfbvj`c prbkfmed


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd @, ebĉ`< `zrdźdvdt` prbkfmem pbebĉu edtmedt`ąh`c ebamfd, ebamf`rdt` nujhg`lu jd tmemflu djdf`t`ąh`c, irdn`ąh`c `f` tdkf`ąj`c pdrdemtdrd

hbek`j`rdt` djdf`t`ąhm ` irdn`ąhm emtbam u djdf`z` ebamfd nujhg`ld,

vrmajbvdt` ` `zrdz`t` hvdjt`tdt`vjm pbadthm u djdf`z` abk`vmj`c rmzuftdtd



=9


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. _blde shupd ` bajbs` emĔu shupbvèd. (1 sdtd);. Whupbv` krblmvd. (1 sdtd)7. _r`jg`p edtmedt`ąhm jauhg`lm. (1 sdtd)1. _blde nujhg`lm lmajm vdr`ldkfm. Jdą`j zdadvdjld ` jmhd svblstvd nujhg`ld. (1 sdtd)=. Mfmemjtdrjm nujhg`lm. (1 sdtd)>. Mhbjbeshm nujhg`lm. (1 sdtd)9. Fèms nujhg`lm. (1 sdtd)3. Jmprmhàjbst nujhg`lm. (1 sdtd)0. _blde amr`vdg`lm nujhg`lm. (1 sdtd)4?. Bsjbvjd prdv`fd amr`v`rdjld. (1 sdtd)44. Amr`vdg`ld sfbźmjm nujhg`lm. (1sdtd) 4;. _rèlmjd amr`vdg`ld. (1sdtd)

47. Grtdjlm ` djdf`zd irdnd nujhg lm. (1sdtd)41. _blde jmbarmĔmjbi jtmirdfd. Emtbam jtmir`rdjld (1sdtd). 4=. _blde barmĔmjbi `jtmirdfd ` jlmibvd prèlmjd. (1 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



_`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` rlmŤdvdjlm jd pfbą` _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld

Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krbl

MGQW kbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)




Hbfbhv`l` 4,= Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm 4

]semj` `sp`t ?,= Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (bstdfb up`sdt`)


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`tĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)



=3

_`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4ab 4? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm stuamjtu jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr t` e`jèdfjb =?% prmav`Ĕmjc kbabvd. 1. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jd usemjbe a`lmfu `sp`td stuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm mvàmjg`ld pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm, abedĉm zdadĉm, rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` usemj` a`b `sp`td . Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


Abedĉm zdadĉm 4? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l 9? kbabvd

]semj` `sp`t 4? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Grjldg, E.< Edtmedt`hd zd mhbjbe`stm, Bs`lmh ;??4.

br`ĉ Hr`st`jd< \k`rhd zdadtdhd `z edtmedt`hm s prèlmjbe u mhbjbe`l`, MFMEMJQ,\dirmk, ;??>


mflhb \rjb, (;?44 ) Edtmedt`hd zd mhbjbe`stm, Hj`j< ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm Edrhb Edruf`ĉ8 D. G. Gc`dji< Bsjbvjm emtbam edtmedt`ąhm mhbjbe`lm, EDQM, \dirmk, 400>.8 Dpsmj, K., [`lmŤmj` zdadg` mfmemjtdrjm edtmedt`hm, Qmcj`ąhd hjlìd, \dirmk F. Jmrdf`ĉ, K. ůmib< Edtmedt`hd, Mfmemjt, \dirmk,;??0.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded ` `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba`sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b



=0

zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



>?

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ, v`Ť`prmadvdą

4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+7?^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Jmed 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s bsjbvjè stdt`st`ąhè pblebvèd s g`flme bvfdadvdjld tmbr`lsh`c spbzjdld`z glmf`jd hblm sm `zuądvdlu bvè hbfmi`lme tm s g`flme ebiuĉjbst` hbr`Ťtmjld stdt`st`ąh`c emtbad u bkldŤjldvdjluedhrbmhbjbesh`c ` e`hrbmhbjbesh`c pbldvd. G`fl lm bebiuĉ`t` stuamjtèd usvdldjlm zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd pr` tdkf`ąjbe ìrdn`ąhbe pr`hdz`vdjlu pbadtdhd tm u `zrdąujdvdjlu stdt`st`ąh`c pbhdzdtmfld ` jl`cbvbe `jtmrprmt`rdjlu u bhv`ru amshr`pt`vjm ``jnmrmjg`ldfjm stdt`st`ąhm djdf`zm.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ufdzjmhbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd

hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


- prè`lmj`t` stdt`st`ąhm emtbam u `zrdąuju pbhdzdtmfld hbemrg`ldfjbi pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd tm u djdf`zìbspbadrsh`c pbhdzdtmfld jd edhrb rdz`j`

- upbtr`lmk`t` stdt`st`ąhm emtbam u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed ` djdfz` tribv`jsh`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t`hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshè pbauzmĉèd ` pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`

- prmavàlmt` prm`sp`tdt` kuauĉm pbsfbvdjlm pdźjlbe abkrbi ibspbadrstvmj`hd - hvdjt`tdt`vjb vrmajbvdt` bafuhm bpmrdt`vjbi hdrdhtmrd u jmprmavà`vè uvlmtèd pbsfbvjbi bhruźmjld, - djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld struhturm crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd tm `jtmr prmt`rdt` bsjbvjm mhbjbeshm pbhdzdtmflm



>4

- djdf`z`rdt` ` stdt`st`ąh` bkrda`t` mhstmrju ` `jtmrju abhuemjtdg`lu ` n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm suklmhdtd rmdfjbi smhtbrd `prbrdąujsh`c hbr`sj`hd

- sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld ]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @, ebĉ`< - prmpbzjdt` bp`sdt` hvdf`tdt`vjm ` hvdjt`tdt`vjm vdr`ldkfm,- irup`rdt` stdt`st`ąhm pbadthm, `zrda`t` pr`hfdajm tdkf`gm ` irdn`ąhm pr`hdzm ` tuedą`t` stdt`st`ąhm pbadthm ` rmzuftdtm

pr`hdzdjm u jlèd,- djdf`z`rdt` pbadthm hvdf`tdt`vj`c j`zbvd rmfdt`vjè krblmvèd< struhturm, a`jde`hm ` hbbra`jdg`lm,- u bhv`ru amshr`pt`vjm stdt`st`hm `zrdąujdt` elmrm srma`Ťjlm tmjamjg`lm< dr`temt`ąhu, cdrebj`lshu ` imbemtr`lshu

srma`ju, ema`ldj, eba, hvdjt`fm ` ebemjtm ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` abk`vmjm rmzuftdtm- `zrdąujdt` dpsbfutjm ` rmfdt`vjm elmrm a`spmrz`lm ` prbtuedą`t` abk`vmjm rmzuftdtm - bkldsj`t` ` `zrdąujdt` stdjadra`z`rdjb bk`flmźlm ` jdą`jm stdjadra`zdg`lm

- `zrdąujdt` elmrm dsèmtr`lm ` elmru zdbkflmjbst` tm prbtuedą`t` abk`vmjm rmzuftdtm - prmavàlmt` abidĔdjlm ` abj`lmt` bafuhu jd tmemflu `zrdąujdt`c vlmrbldtjbst` `scbad - `zrdąujdt` vlmrbldtjbst` abidĔdjld hba a`shbjt`ju`rdjm ` hbjt`ju`rdjm sfuądljm vdr`ldkfm tm `zrdąujdvdjlm dr`temt`ąhm

srma`jm ` vdr`ldjgm- rdzf`hbvdt` vrstm uzbrdhd ` `zdkrdt` uzbrdh, `zrdąujdt` stdjadrajm pbirmŤhm - prbg`lmj`t` jmpbzjdtm pdrdemtrm pbpufdg`lm uz pbzjdtm vr`lmajbst` uzbrhd, zrdąujdt` hbmn`g`lmjt pbvlmrmjld, barma`t`

`jtmrvdf prbglmjm ` vmf`ą`ju uzbrhd - tmst`rdt` c`pbtmzm b dr`temt`ąhbl srma`j`, b prbpbrg`l` lmajm pbpufdg`lm ` rdzf`g` prbpbrg`ld av`lu pbpufdg`ld - tmst`rdt` vmzu `zemĔu av`lu prbedtrdj`c vdr`ldkf` lmajbi stdt`st`ąhbi j`zd, tmst`rdt` cbebimjbst av`lu `f` v`Ťm

pbpufdg`ld s bkz`rbe jd barmĔmju hdrdhtmr`st`hu a`str`kug`lm - tmst`rdt` prmtpbstdvhu b rdvjbelmrjbst` pbldvfl`vdjld barmĔmj`c abidĔdld


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm]vbajd prbe`Ťfldjld b stdt`st`g`, stdt`st`ąh` shup ` stdt`st`ąhb bk`flmźlm, pbalmfd stdt`st`ąh`c emtbad, vrstm vdr`ldkf`, elm rjm

flmstv`gm(1 sdtd)

;. Qdkf`ąjb ` irdn`ąhb pr`hdz`vdjlm pbadtdhdBr idj`zdg`ld pbadtdhd, irup`rdjlm juemr`ąhbi stdt`st`ąhbi shupd, nrmhvmjg`lm, rdzrma`, irdj`gm, hueufdt`vjd a`str`kug`ld

nrmhvmjg`ld (1 sdtd)

7. Djdf`zd pbadtdhd hvdf`tdt`vj`c j`zbvd[mfdt`vj` krblmv` struhturm< pbstbg`, prbpbrg`lm ` prbe`f`8 rmfdt`vj` krblmv` a`jde`hm ` rmfdt`vj` krblmv` hbbra`jdg`lm (1 sdtd)

1. _btpujm srmajlm vr`lmajbst`@zrdąujdvdjlm dr`temt`ąhm, cdrebj`lshm ` imbemtr`lshm srma`jm ` `jtmrprmt`rdjlm `zrdąujdt`c rmzuftdtd (1 sdtd)

=. _bfbźdljm srmajlm vr`lmajbst` @zrdąujdvdjlm ema`ldjd, ebad, hvdjt`fd ` ebemjdtd tm `jtmrprmt`rdjlm rmzuftdtd (1 sdtd)

>. Elmrm a`spmrz`lm@zrdąujdvdjlm dpsbfutj`c elmrd a`spmrz`lm ` rmfdt`vj`c elmrd a`spmrz`lm (1 sdtd)

9. Wtdjadra`z`rdjb bk`flmźlm



>;

@zrdąujdvdjlm stdjadra`z`rdjbi bk`flmźld, _rdv`fb mk`Ťmvd, Mep`r`lshb prdv`fb (1 sdtd)3. Elmrm dsèmtr`lm ` elmrd zdbkflmjbst`

Bajbs` srmajl`c vr`lmajbst` ` sèmtr`ld, Dfnd 7, _mdrsbjbvm elmrm dsèmtr`lm, Kbwfmylmvd elmrd dsèmtr`lm, Elmrdzdbkflmjbst` Dfnd 1 (; sdtd)0. ^lmrbldtjbstWvblstvd ` pr`stup` vlmrbldtjbst`, vrstm abidĔdld ` vlmrbldtjbst jl`cbvd abidĔdjld, prdv`fd da`t`vjbst` ` euft`pf`hdt`vjbst` (1 sdtd) 4?. Wfuądljd vdr`ldkfd

A`shbjt`ju`rdjd sfuądljd vdr`ldkfd ` hbjt`ju`rdjd sfuądljd vdr`ldkfd (1 sdtd) 44. Wdepf`ji a`str`kug`ld

Emtbad uzbrdhd, sdepf`ji a`str`kug`ld, srma`Ťjl` irdj`ąj` tmbrme, Wtuamjtbvd t a`str`kug`ld, sdepf`ji a`str`kug`ld prbpbrg`ld (1 sdtd)4;. _rbglmjd pdrdemtdrd pbpufdg lm

_rbglmjd dr`temt`ąhm srma`jm pbpufdg`lm, _rbglmjd tbtdfd pbpufdg`lm, prbglmjd prbpbr g`lm pbpufdg`lm (1 sdtd)47. Qmst`rdjlm c`pbtmzmBsjbvj` pblebv` ` hbrdg` u tmst`rdjlu stdt`st`ąh`c c`pbtmzd, tmst`rdjlm c`pbtmzd b dr`temt`ąhbl srma`j` lmajm pbpufdg`lm, pvr`lmajbst, tmst`rdjlm c`pbtmzm b prbpbrg`l` lmajm pbpufdg`lm zd vmf`hm uzbrhm, tmst`rdjlm c`pbtmzm b rdzf`g` av`lu prbpbrg`ld zdvmf`hm uzbrhm (1 sdtd)41. C`-hvdardt tmstC`-hvdardt a`str`kug`ld, tmst jmbv`sjbst` ` tdkf`gd hbjtìmjgm, tmst cbebimjbst` (1 sdtd)4=. Qmst suhfdajbst` (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


- _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` - Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu- _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld- Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu pr`kbr zd k`flmŤhm ` hdfhufdtbr


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ; _`semj` `sp`t _rblmhtMhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda


Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda _rbkfmesh` zdadtdh ?,=

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ?,= ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)





>7

zdvrŤjbe sp`tu Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. [lmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) [lmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ` jlmibvd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjthrbz rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ebźm bstvdr`t` 4? kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a `b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 3? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, r`lmŤmjbi prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ` pbcdĔdjlm jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


_rbkfmesh` zdadtdh 4? kbabvd





JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Cbrvdt, L. ` E`lbą, L. (;?4;), Bsjbvm stdt`st`hm, \dirmk< Flmvdh 7

bŤ`ĉ @. (;??1), _rè`lmjlmjd stdt`st`hd, \dirmk< hbfshd hjlìd >

bŤ`ĉ @. (4003.), \k`rhd zdadtdhd `z stdt`st`hm, \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk =


bŤ`ĉ @. ` Wmradr, ^. (;??;), ]vba u stdt`st`hu, S@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< hbfshd hjlìd ůbŤ`ĉ @. (;??>.), Wtdt`st`hd, \dirmk< ůhbfshd hjlìdJmwkbfa _. mt df. (;??7), Wtdt`st`gs nbr Kus`jmss dja Mgbjbe`gs, ]ppmr Wdafm [`vmr< _rmjt`gm Cdff


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, s jdifdshbe jd pr`lmafbim stuamjdtd zd `zrdau pbsmkj`czdadtdhd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` `zrdabe zdadtdhd jdhbj prbvmamjbi hbfbhv`ld rda` bthfdjldjld jmldsjbĉd `



>1

upbtpujldvdjld zjdjld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pb trmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



>=

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ^msjd uf`ĉ,prbn. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 7

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldMjifmsh` lmz`h @ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4=_+4=^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh`struąj` stua`l)


bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=.Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @)B 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ld Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bspbsbkfldvdjlm stuamjdtd zd stlmgdjlm ` rdzv`ldjlm lmz`ąj`c vlmŤt`jd u hbjtmhstu struhm jd rdz`j` K;.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm supbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l

_bfbźmjd srmajlbŤhbfshd rdz`jd mjifmshbi lmz`hd. _rmazjdjld hbld sm bąmhulu u shfdau su sd srmajlbŤhbfsh è prbirdebejdstdvm mjifmshbi lmz`hd.

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`prbirded hblèd hbfmi`lpràbjbs`

Hbjsbfà`rdjlm lmz`ąj`c struhturd ` irdedt`hm.

_bzjdvdjlm ` hbr`Ťtmjlm vbhdkufdrd struhm. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd ą`tdjld struąm f`tmrdturm. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd p`sdjld sdźmtdhd. Hbeuj`g`rdjlm hbr`stmĉ` mjifmsh` lmz`h u sfuźk` struhm.

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` `scba` uąmjld jdrdz`j` hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbaduąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt ebĉ`< _rè`lmj`t` tmemfljd prdv`fd u ibvbrjbe ` p`sdjbe mjifmshbe lmz`hu.@epfmemjt`rdt` irdedt`ąhm struhturm u p`semjè vlmźkded.



>>

Amebjstr`rdt` p`sdjlm ` ibvbr jd mjifmshbe lmz`hu s abvbfljbe rdz`jbe tbąjbst` ` tmąjbst`. @epfmemjt`rdt` irdedt`ąhm struhturm u p`semjè vlmźkded. [dzf`hbvdt` rmfmvdjtjm mfmemjtm u tmhstu.Bstvdr`t` sdebstdfju usemju ` p`sdju hbeuj`hdg`lu jd mjifmshbe lmz`hu.Wualmfbvdt` dht`vjb u prmtcbajb jdldvflmjè tmedtshè rdsprdvded._`semjb bkf`hbvdt` sdźmtdh struąjbi tmhstd. Bp`sdt` a`ldirdem, scmem, sf`hm.


4.@jtrbaugt`bj;.Krdjas7. Ycy Krdjas1.Edam `j Murbpm

=.Qwb _rbebt`bjs>.Qrdvmf9. Kr`t`sc dja Demr`gdj Mjif`sc3.[bda [dimrs `j tcm Why0. Bridj`sdt`bj4?.Gbepdjy Wtrugturm44.A`rty Kus`jmss, Krìct @amds4;.Gcdjim47.]W Ampdrtemjt Wtbrms Fdujgc Gbujtmr-dttdgh41.Amsgr`k`ji Gcdjim4=.[mv`s`bj


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd

adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm

tmrmjshd jdstdvd

sdebstdfj` zdadgèuftèma`ld ermźdfdkbrdtbr`lemjtbrsh` rda

(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


◂ _bcdĔdt` prmadvdjld ` vlmźkm( stuamjt ebźm jdlv`Ťm tr` putd `zbstdt` s jdstdvm) ◂ Dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u jdstdvjbem prbgmsu ◂ _`sdt` abedĉm zdadĉm ◂ _bfbź`t` hbfbhv`lm ◂ Jd prmadvdjlèd ` vlmźkded pbslmabvdt` prbp`sdjm jdstdvjm edtmr`ldfm

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd _bcdĔdjlm 4 _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



>9

(up`sdt` ua`b u MGQWkbabvèd zd svdhu dht`vjbsttdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQWkbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)

jdstdvm

Mhspmrèmjtdfj`rda

@strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda


Hbfbhv`l` 4,;= Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉd zdadĉd ?,4;=

Dht`vjbst ujdstdv`

?,4;= ]semj` `sp`t ?,= (bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlmrdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbejdstdvm ` jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu


Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)]semj` `sp`t abjbs` ab 7? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4. ` ;. (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` >? kbabvd. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lupbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. Wtuamjt` hbl` pbfbźm bkd hbfbhv`ld pbfdźu usemj` a`b`sp`td.] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, usemj` `sp`t ` mvàmjg`ld pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


]semj` `sp`t 7? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l` >? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`semj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd(abstupjd u hjl`źj`g` ` putmebstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl

prèlmrdhdu hjl`źj`g`

Abstupjbst putme bstdf`c ema`ld



>3

A. Gbttbj, A. Ndfvmy, W. Hmjt< Edrhmt Fmdamr ‗ JmwMa`t`bj, Fbjiedj, ;??=

;

L. [bimrs< Edrhmt Fmdamr ‗ Jmw Ma`t`bj, Kus`jmssMjif`sc, _rdgt`gm N`fm, ;??= ?

^. ûf`ĉ< Kus`jmss Mjif`sc Ybrhkbbh< Dggbujt`ji djaGbeemrgm@@, _bźmid, ;??0

<cttp<//www.vup.cr/RAdtd/N`fms/4;?043447=73;00.pan

Dr`gfms nrbe kus`jmss prmss ( dvd`fdkfm `j gfdss )

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (utrmjuthu pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`fàbpujd stua`lshbidprbirded)

4. Eurpcy, [< Mjif`sc Irdeedr `j ]sm, Gdekràim ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss, 4001

;. Aughwbrtc, E< Kus`jmss Irdeedr dja _rdgt`gm, Jmw Ma`t`bj, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss, ;??=

7. Hdrfbvądj, ^< Dj Davdjgma Fmdajmrːs Mjif`sc Irdeedr Ybrhkbbh, _rbn`f, ;??;. 1. Q. Dsp`jdff, I. Kmtcmff< Qmst Pbur Kus`jmss ^bgdkufdry `j ]sm, Gdekràim ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss, ;??7

=. ŵmflhb Kulds< ^mf`h` mjifmshb-cvdtsh` rlmąj`h, Jdhfdaj` zdvba Ifbkus, \dirmk, ;??4. >. ŵmflhb Kulds< ^mf`h` crvdtshb-mjifmsh` rlmąj`h, Jdhfdaj` zdvba Ifbkus, \dirmk, ;??4. 9. Fl. [dabŤ ‗ E. Emfmr< Mjifmshb-crvdtsh` rlmąj`h jdz`vfld u edrhmt`jiu, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh,

4001.

3. Bxnbra Davdjgma Fmdrjmrːs A`gt`bjdry, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss ;??=

0. Bxnbra Kus`jmss Mjif`sc A`gt`bjdry, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss ;??=

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtmhbl` bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm`zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd `hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` dht`vjb sualmfulu u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm dua t`vjè vlmźkded, pr`lmvbaèd ` sf., tm `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tu. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd djdf`z`rdlusm sd stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` u vr`lmem hbjzuftdg`ld.

http://www.vup.hr/_Data/Files/120918113538299.pdf





>0

Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvustuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdeb -mvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujmstua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



9?

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld \brdj E`rbsdv, prbn. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 7

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldJlmedąh` lmz`h @ 4.3. Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4= _+4= ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`- 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;.,

7. rdz`jd), pbstbtdh `zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bjf`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4


spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l)


bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) BK^M\DJ 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bspbsbkfldvdjlm stuamjdtd zd stlmgdjlm ` rdzv`ldjlm lmz`ąj`c vlmŤt`jd u hbjtmhstu struhm jdrdz`j` K;.


_bfbźmjd srmajlbŤhbfshd rdz`jd jlmedąhbi lmz`hd. _rmazjdjld hbld sm bąmhulu u shfdau su sd srmajlbŤhbfshèprbirdebe jdstdvm jlmedąhbi lmz`hd.


4. Hbjsbfà`rdjlm lmz`ąj`c struhturd ` irdedt`hd;. _bzjdvdjlm ` hbr`Ťtmjlm vbhdkufdrd struhm 7. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd ą`tdjld struąjm f`tmrdturm 1. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hm p`sdjld sdźmtdhd =. Hbeuj`g`rdjlm hbr`stmĉ` jlmedąh` lmz`h u sfuźk` struhm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Jlmedąh` lmz`h @, ebĉ`< _rè`lmj`t` tmemfljd prdv`fd u ibvbrjbe ` p`sdjbe jlmedąhbe lmz`hu [dzv`t` bsjbvm struhbvjbi jlmedąhbi lmz`hd ` irdedt`hm `z pbaruąld mhbjbe`lm ]vrŤtdvdt` struąj` vbhdkufdr u sdebstdfjbe ` spbjtdjbe usemjbe ` p`semjbe `zrdźdvdjlu [dzv`t` rmgmpt`vjm tmcj`hm ą`tdjld ` rdzue`lmvdjld struhbvj`c tmhstbvd @zjbs`t` c`pbtmzm jd bsjbvu pr bą`tdj`c struąj`c tmhstbvd, tm struhtur`rdt` `jnbredg`lm prbjdĔmjm u `stbe



94

_r`fdibĔdvd sm jmpbzjdj`gded hbr`Ťtmjlme bpĉ`c ` struąj`c rlmąj`hd Nbreuf`rdt` sdebstdfjm rdzibvbrm vmzdjm uz struhu@zrdźdvdjlm struąj`c nmjbemjd


4. M`j Qmfmnbjimsprágc. (; sdtd)

;. Körbdrkm`t. (; sdtd)

7. A`m Kdcj. (; sdtd)

1. A`m _bst. (; sdtd)

=. \dirmk. (; sdtd)

>. Hduncáusmr k`mtmj cmutm dffms dj. (; sdtd)

9. Y`mamrcbfuji. (; sdtd)3. \usátzf`gcm Ökujimj. (; sdt)

0. Kdjhmj. (; sdtd)

4?. Imfa. (; sdtd)

44. M`j Imsprágc ökmr ads Wtuaùe. (; sdtd) 4;. A`m \dirmkmr Eustmremssm. (; sdtd)

47. Amr \dirmkmr Nfuicdnmj. (; sdtd)

41. Y`mamrcbfuji. (; sdtd)

4=. WmemstmrdksgcfuÒ. (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` (stuamjt èd prdvb jdlv`Ťm tr` (7) putd `zbstdt` s jdstdvm) Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` rlmŤdvdjlm jd pfbą` _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld

Jd prmadvdjlèd vlmźkded pbslmabvdt` prbp`sdjm jdstdvjm edtmr`ldfm

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt` ua`bu MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhu dht`vjbsttdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQW kbabvd






9;

baibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)


Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ?,4;= ]semj` `sp`t ?,= (bstdfb up`sdt`)


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)]semj` `sp`t abjbs` ab 7? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` >? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkdpbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`ckbabvd. Wtuamjt` hbl` pbfbźm bkd hbfbhv`ld pbfdźu ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, usemj` `sp`t ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<




Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`semj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lmpbfbźmj p`sdj` a`b `sp`td.




hjl`źj`g`


ema`ld

Qur`jd- Dj`ĉ, L., Nmrhbv`ĉ, E., Hfluądr`ĉ, H.< (400>.)< Y`rtsgcdntsamutsgc,@jnbredtbr, \dirmk.

;

Krdja`ĉ, A. (400>.)< Jlmedąhb-crvdtsh` ibspbadrsh` ` prdvj` rlmąj`h,@jnbredtbr, \dirmk. =

Ldh`ĉ, K., Cure, D.< (;??1.)< Crvdtshb-jlmedąh` rlmąj`h, hbfshd Hjlìd,\dirmk.

;



97


;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`c zjdjld,vlmŤt`jd hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm dua`t`vjè vlmźkded, pr`lmvbaèd ` sf., tm `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd djdf`z`rdlu sm sd stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` u vr`lmem hbjzuftdg ld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdeb-mvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm`/`f` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



91

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Jmvmjhd Krmsfdumr,prbn.v.Ť. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) ?

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldQlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @. 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7? ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Edr`ld Kfdź`ąmv`ĉ,prbn. 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkdvmzdj (B) 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bebiuĉ`t` stuamjtèd stlmgdjlm tmemflj`c tmbr`lsh`c ` prdht`ąj`c zjdjld hblèd ĉm sm bspbsbk`t` zd

sdebstdfjb g lmfbź`vbtjb prbirde`rdjlm ` prbvbĔmjlm prbgmsd vlmźkdjld, tm stvbr`t` jdv`hu zd zardvè jdą`jbe źvbtd.


Jmed uvlmtd

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` prbirdedhblèd hbfmi`l pràbjbs` _bjdvfldjlm jduąmj`c ebtbr`ąh`c struhturd i`kdjld `z Qlmfmsjm ` zardvstvmjm hufturm @. ` @@.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt,jdhbj basfuŤdjbi hbfmi`ld Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @@.,ebĉ`<4._rdv`fjb `zvba`t` tmcj`hu vlmźk` u pr`prmejbe ` zdvrŤjbe a`lmfu sdtd (pr`prmejm vlmźkm ` vlmźkm `stmzdjld) ;.Bse`sf`t` ` amebjstr`rdt` vlmźkm u pr`prme` t`lmfd zd n`z`ąhu dht`vjbst 7._rdv`fjb badkrdt` ` upbtr`lmk`t` spbrtshm rmhv`z`tm ` pbedidfd1.[dzf`hbvdt` vlmźkm ` jdą`j trmj`rdjld ebtbr`ąh`c ` nujhg`bjdfj`c spbsbkjbst =.Hbr`st`t` barmĔmjd ebtbr`ąhd zjdjld u ebeądashè ` `ja`vàudfjè spbrtbvèd >._rèlmj`t` hrmtjm ` tmcj`ąhm struhturm zd vr`lmem ìrm s bsjbvjè prdv`fèd



9=

9.Dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u bridj`zdg`lshè bkf`gèd rdad (tmrmjshd jdstdvd-`zfmt`,pfdj`jdrmjlm,br`lmjtdg`lshb trądjlm,hf`zdjlm,…)u svrcu pbkbflŤdjld zardvstvmjm,bkrdzbvjm baibljm hbepbjmjtm


4.]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm -4 sdt;.Bsjbvm tmj`sd ( emtba`hd nbrmcdja uadrgd) -; sdtd

[uhbemt (cvdtdjlm ` abadvdjlm fbptm u elmstu ` hrmtdjlu)7.Qmj`s (nbrmcdja uadrdg- emtba`ąhm vlmźkm u pdru) -; sdtd

HbŤdrhd (cvdtdjlm ` abadvdjlm fbptm u elmstu ` hrmtdjlu)1.Qmj`s (nbrmcdja uadrdg- emtba`ąhm vlmźkm jd ermź`) -; sdtd

[uhbemt (vbĔmjlm fbptm bhb ąujlmvd sd Ťutbe sd zmeflm) =.Qmj`s (nbrmcdja uadrdg-vlmźkm jd ermź`) -; sdtdHbŤdrhd (vbĔmjlm fbptm bhb ąujlmvd sd shbh Ťutbe) >.Qmj`s (nbrmcdja uadrdg-ìrd jd ermź`) -; sdtd

[uhbemt (shbh Ťut `z elmstd ` hrmtdjld) 9.Qmj`s (nbrmcdja uadrdg-ìrd jd ermź` u pdru) -; sdtd

HbŤdrhd (hbŤdrhdŤh` avbhbrdh) 3.Dtfmt`hd (trądjlm zdadj`c a`bj`gd rdzf`ą`tè tmepbe) -; sdtd0.Dtfmt`hd (emtba`hd krzbi cbadjld)-; sdtd4?.Qmbr`lshb prmadvdjlm (tmem vmzdjm zd prmaemt Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd `f` baibljb-mauhdg`lsh` prbirde) -; sdtd44.Qmrmjshd jdstdvd (pfdj`jdrmjlm) -; sdtd4;.Qmbr`lshb prmadvdjlm ( prmadvdjlm struąjm bsbkm b tmeded vmzdjè zd hbfmi`l) ‗ ; sdtd47.Qmbr`lshb prmadvdjlm (prmzmjtdg`lm stuamjdtd b tmeded vmzdjè zd hbfmi`l)-; sdtd41.Qmrmjshd jdstdvd (hf`zdjlm) -; sdtd4=.Qmrmjshd jdstdvd (`zfmt jd‚_dpuąhm ldifdgm‖ u ^mf`hu) ‗ 7 sdtd


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm

tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

Qmbr`lshd prmadvdjld ` tmrmjshdjdstdvd `z hbfmi`ld Qlmfmsjd `zardvstvmjd hufturd @. ` @@. sm prbvbam ua`lmfu zèshbi smemstrd,d sme`jdr` smabalmflulu stuamjtèd hbl` j`su bstvdr`fùvlmt zd pbtp`s `z hbfmi`ld



_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)



9>



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm8

4._bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm Ba stuamjdtd sm bąmhulm ad rmabv`tb pbcdĔdlu vlmźkm (jdledjlm =?% prmav`Ĕmj`c sdt` dht`vjm jdstdvm) \d svdhbi stuamjtd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pbcdĔdjlu jdstdvm ` usplmsèd prb`stmhfè `z jlmibvbi abadtjbi rdad ` dht`vjbst`Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą ;.Ebiuĉjbst` abadtj`c dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd _r`sutjbst jd jdstdv` u bkf`hu amebjstrdtbrd vlmźk` Dht`vj` `f` hdtmibr`z`rdj` spbrtdŤ (prmed CBB-u)Ćfdj ^mfmuą`f`Ťjm spbrtshm mh`pm jd arźdvjbe `f` rmi`bjdfjbe prvmjstvu Ćfdj ^mfmuą`f`Ťjm spbrtshm mh`pm jd źupdj`lshè ` irdashè prvmjstvèd ` fìded

Wua`bj`h spbrtsh`c jdtlmgdjld u bridj`zdg`l` mfmuą`f`Ťtd 7.Wme`jdrsh` rda _rdvb jd pbtp`s hblè sm u `jamhs pbtvrĔulm urmajb `zvrŤdvdjlm prbp`sdj`c bkvmzd èdlu stuamjt` hbl` su k`f` pr`sutj` jdjdstdv` e`jèdfjb =?% ba uhupjbi krbld jdstdvj`c sdt`. ] abibvbru s jdstdvjè prmadvdąme bkvmzm b pr`sutjbst` jdjdstdv` sm rmiuf`rdlu ` putme abadtj`c dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd hbl` su prmtcbajb jdvmamj`. Wtuamjt` hbl` jm bstvdrm uvlmt zdpbtp`s p`Ťu sme`jdrsh` rda jd tmeu hblu zdadlm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. Dhb stuamjt` jm `zvrŤm svblm bkvmzm u zdadjberbhu,jmedlu prdvb jd pbtp`s `z hbfmi`ld ` `st` hbfmi`l ebiu up`sdt` u àuĉbl dhdameshbl iba`j`.


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

4.Quabr B. Kbepd, _cA (;??>)< _mr`ba`zdg`ld- tmbr`ld ` emtbabfbi`ld trmj`jid,Ibpdf,\dirmk

4

;.Ardidj E`fdjbv`ĉ (4009)< _r`ruąj`h zd spbrtshm trmjmrm, Ndhuftmt zd n`z`ąhu hufturu, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku 4

7.Ar.sg.@vdj Jbvdh (;??>)< Wpbrtsh` edrhmt`ji ` `jaustr`ld spbrtd,Ed`f`jia.b.b.,\dirmk 4



99


Jmed abpujshm f`tmrdturm


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv` (pbsmk`gm vlmźkded), `zvdjjdstdvjè dht`vjbstèd ` spbrtshè jdtlmgdjlèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ,dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd tm dht`vjè `hdtmibr`z`rdjè spbrtdŤèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd u zdvrŤjbe a`lmfu sdtd` u tmre`ju hbjzuftdg`ld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd ( stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm,pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld,emtbad rdad tm bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd.



93

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma., Hdtdr`jd tdvf`ĉ,uj`v.spmg.bmg.


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldEdhrbmhbjbe`ld 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1=_+4=^


rdz`jd), pbstbtdh `zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.





-





;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm djdf`z`rdt` bsjbvjm edhrbmhbjbeshm pblebvm ` edhrbmhbjbeshm dirmidtm, tm ibspbadrshdhrmtdjld u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu. G`fl lm uvmst` stuamjtm u emtbabfbi`lu edhrbmhbjbeshm djdf`zm pr` ąmeu su stuamjt` uebiuĉjbst` amn`j`rdt` bsjbvjm edhrbmhbjbeshm prbkfmem hbl`ed sm susrmĉu jbs`tmfl` mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jdg`bjdfjmmhbjbe`lm tm prmpbzjdt` jdą`jm jl`cbvd rlmŤdvdjld. Jdifdsdh lm jd prbuądvdjlu bsjbvd edhrbmhbjbe`lm tm jl`cbvbepbvmz`vdjlu u rlmŤdvdjlu krblj`c prbkfmed mhbjbeshm prdhsm.


]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld Edhrbmhbjbe`ld uhfluąulu< pbzjdvdjlm zdhbjd pbjuam ` zdhbjd pbtrdźjlm, tm uvlmtd trź`Ťjm rdvjbtmźm, pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c edhrbmhbjbesh`c pblebvd.


@jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdjld b bsjbvded mhbjbeshm tmbr`lm mhbjbeshbl pbf t`g` ]tvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd

Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd.


Bkldsj`t` struhturu ibspbadrshbi sustdvd tm amjt`n`g`rdt` ` djdf`z`rdt` bsjbvjm pbhdzdtmflm ibspbadrshm rdzv`lmjbst` jdpr`elmru crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` zjdądl ` utlmgdl edhrbmhbjbesh`c prbkfmed jd ibspbadrsh` rdst ` rdzvbl tm djdf`z`rdt` edhrbmhbjbeshmpbhdzdtmflm crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd.



90

Djdf`z`rdt` crvdtshb trź Ťtm jbvgd ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` prèlmju `jstruemjdtd ebjmtdrjm pbf`t`hm. Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl elmrd n`shdfjm pbf`t`hm jd dirmidtju pbjuau ` pbtrdźju u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl _rmpbzjdt` zjdądl prb`zvbajlm jd ibspbadrsh` rdst ` prbelmjm vr`lmajbst ` krutb abedĉmi prb`zvbad. Djdf`z`rdt` crvdtsh` ibspbadrsh` rdst ` rdzvbl ` utlmgdl elmrd ebjmtdrjm ` n`shdfjm pbf`t`hm jd `st`.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)]vba u edhrbmhbjbe`lu. Edhrbmhbjbeshb bzrdąlm svdhàdŤjl`gm. (7 sdtd)

;. Qmemflj` edhrbmhbjbesh` pblebv`. Bridj`zdg`ld ` pbjdŤdjlm ibspbadrstvd. (1 sdtd) 7. Edhrbmhbjbesh` prbkfme` (1 sdtd)1. Edhrbmhbjbesh` prbkfme`. (1 sdtd)=. Ebamf dirmidtjm pbjuam ` dirmidtjm pbtrdźjlm. (1 sdtd)>. [dzv`tdh edhrbmhbjbeshm zjdjstvmjm e`sf . (1 sdtd)9. Dirmidtjd pbtrdźjld dirmidtjb trbŤmjlm. _`sdjlm 4. hbfbhv`ld (1 sdtd)

3. Jbvdg, n`jdjg`lsh` smhtbr ` trź`Ťtm jbvgd. (1 sdtd) 0. Edhrbmhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd. Ebjmtdrjd pbf`t hd. (1 sdtd)4?. N`shdfjd pbf`t`hd. (1 sdtd)44. @W-FE ebamf zdtvbrmjm pr`vrmam (1 sdtd)4;. Qrź`Ťtm amv`zd ` amv`zj` tmądlmv`. _fdtjd k`fdjgd. (1 sdtd) 47.Ibspbadrsh` rdst< tmemfljd barmĔmjld. (1 sdtd) 41. Jbvm tmbr`lm ibspbadrshbi rdstd ` jl`cbvm èpf`hdg`lm(1 sdtd)4=. [mhdp`tufdg`ld, pbjdvfldjlm ` prbvlmrd zjdjld., pbtp`s`. (; sdtd)

@@. hbfbhv`l. (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfjc zk`vdjld u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu. Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu (pbifdvfld hbld sm bkrdĔulu jd jdstdv`), k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm s prmadvdjld (wmkstrdj`gm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`) rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld.

Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm jd vlmźkded, sdebstdfjb rlmŤdvdjlm zdadtdhd `z pr`ruąj`hd zd vlmźkm.

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrdkbabvjbl vr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ; _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



Hbfbhv`l` 4,= Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)




3?

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlmrdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm `

jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd zd dht`vjbst u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm jd vlmźkded.7. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`jdlv`Ťm 3? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm ` dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4? kbabvdHbfbhv`l` 3? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

4. Kbrbzdj, ğufd (;?4;) Edhrbmhbjbe`ld. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu =

;. Kbrbzdj, ğufd (;?4;) _r`ruąj`h zd vlmźkm `z edhrbmhbjbe`lm. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh`ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu

=

7. \dk`flmŤhm s prmadvdjld. ;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthu


4. Wdeumfsbj, _.D. Jbracdus, Y.A. (;??9) Mhbjbe`ld, S^@@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< Edtm a.b.b.;. Kfdjgcdra, B. (;??=) Edhrbmhbjbe`ld. \dirmk< Edtm a.b.b.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe djdf`z`rdjld ` rlmŤdvdjld zdadtdhd `z pr`ruąj`hd zd vlmźkm ` prdht`ąj`cprèlmrd tmemflme ąmid ebiu bstvdr`t` kbabvm `z dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`. _r`f`hbe pr`prmed zd p`sdjlm hbfbhv`ld stuamjtèd lm bastrdjm jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld `hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd.



34

] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vj bst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd `vlmźkded ` rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd hbfbhv`lèd.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



3;

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma.ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldBsjbvm edrhmt`jid ; 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+ 4= W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`- 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.


4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l) Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd 4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sdhbfmi`ld -

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) B4.4?. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

x

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld

4. 4.44. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm pr`kf`ź`t` stuamjtèd pblde a`str`kug`lm ` prbebg`lm ` jl`cbv`c bsbk`tbst` u adjdŤjlme pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu, tm pbldeedrhmt`jŤhm hbjtrbfm hdb zdvrŤjm pbsfbvjm dht`vjbst` u pfdju edrhmt`jid. G`fl lm bkldsj`t` stuamjtèd prèlmrm `spmg`n`ąjbst` edrhmt`jid `z pblma`j`c smhtbrd ibspbadrstvd< prbemt, tribv`jd, `jaustr`ld, kdjhdrstvb, tur`zde, jmprbn`tjm`jst`tug`lm, emĔujdrbajb trź`Ťtm, irdĔmv`jdrstvb, ta.


]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld uhfluąulu< -pbzjdvdjlm prb`zvbad ` g`lmjm hdb mfmemjdtd edrhmt`jŤhbi e`hsd -pbzjdvdjlm `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd hdb pbąmtjm ndzm edrhmt`ji pfdjd -pbzjdvdjlm vrstd trź`Ťtd ` bkf`hd pbjdŤdjld pbtrbŤdąd

]vlmt zd up`s lm pbfbźmj hbfmi`l -Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid 4


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld [dąujbvbastvb ` Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< - bkrdzfbź`t` prèlmju edrhmt`jid ujutdr struhm - uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi pfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zdtrź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld)

Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sp`td<- Hdtmibr`z`rd uspbrmĔulm vrstm a`str`kug`lm - BkldŤjldvd tmemfljm bkf`hm hbeuj`hdg`lm u edrhmt`jiu



37

- Djdf`z`rd pblma`jm ema`lm bifdŤdvdjld - _rmpbzjdlm ` bkldŤjldvd tmcj`hm bajbsd s ldvjbŤĉu - _fdj`rd bridj`zdg`lu edrhmt`jŤhbi balmfd pbauzmĉd - ]tvrĔulm spmg`n`ąjbst` irdjshbi edrhmt`jid u pblma`j`e smhtbr`ed trź`Ťtd


4. Amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm a str`kug`lm- ; sdtd;. _blebvjb barmĔmjlm prbebg lm-; sdtd7. Hfds`n`hdg`ld prbebg`lshbi e`hsd-; sdtd1. [da`b ` tmfmv`z`ld hdb ema`l` prbpdidjam-; sdtd=. Djdf`zd bstdf`c edsbvj`c ema`ld-; sdtd>. Nujhg`lm prbpdidjaj`c dimjg`ld-; sdtd9. @jtmrj` ` mhstmrj` bajbs` s ldvjbŤĉu-; sdtd3. _ukf`g`tmt hdb prbebg`lshd dht`vjbst-; sdtd

0. Irdj`ąjm prbebg`lshm dht`vjbst`-; sdtd4?. Bridj`zdg`ld edrhmt`jid-; sdtd44. Edrhmt`jŤhd hbjtrbfd-; sdtd4;. Edrhmt`ji u tur`zeu-; sdtd47. EmĔujdrbaj` edrhmt`ji -; sdtd41. AruŤtvmj` edrhmt`ji-; sdtd4=. Bstdfd pbaruąld irdjshbi edrhmt`jid-; sdtd

;.>. rstm `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm<



(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu_bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld_`sdjlm sme`jdrd dhb lm badkrdj hdb Wme`jdr @@





Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?



31

kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 0? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t`

bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.








JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld


Fdghbv`ĉ, \., Djarf`ĉ, K.< Bsjbvm strdtmŤhbi edrhmt`jid, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`,Imjb, _bźmid, ;??9.

4?

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd


Hbtfmr _.< ]prdvfldjlm edrhmt`jibe- djdfzd, pfdj`rdjlm, prèlmjd hbjtrbfd, Edtm, \dirmk, ;??4.


^rdjmŤmv`ĉ Q., ^ìjdf` G., ^rbjt`s A.< ]prdvfldjlm strdtmŤhè edrhmt`jibe, Dggmjt, \dirmk, ;??1. [mjhb J.< Wtrdtmi`lm edrhmt`jid, Jdhfdad Flmvdh, \dirmk, ;??=.



Hbtfmr, _.< Hbtfmr b edrhmt`jiu- hdhb stvbr`t`, bsvbl`t` ` ibspbadr`t` trź`Ťtèd, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??>.

Irkdg, K. <Emtr`hd edrhmt`jid, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u [`lmg`, [`lmhd, ;?4?.


Emfmr, E.< Jmprbn`tj` edrhmt`ji, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Bs`lmh, ;??7.



3=

Edrt`jbv`ĉ, E.< Edrhmt`ji u Crvdtshbl< == sfuądlmvd, Edtm, ;?4;, \dirmk


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



3>

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid ;-sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=


rdz`jd), pbstbtdh `zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bjf`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.


Wtruąj` stua`lQribv`jd 4.4?. [maj` krbl

`zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) B 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm x

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm pr`kf`ź`t` stuamjtèd pblde trź`Ťtd ` jlmibv`c bsbk`tbst` u adjdŤjlme pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu, tm pblde edrhmt`jid hdbpbsfbvjm dht`vjbst` hbld pbvmzulm prb`zvbajlu s pbtrbŤjlbe tdhb ad sm edhsèdfjb, ` tb prbn`tdk`fjb, zdabvbflm pbtrmkmaruŤtvd hblm sm jd trź`Ťtu pbldvflulu hdb pbtrdźjld. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd prmpbzjdvdjlm mfmemjdtd pbjdŤdjldpbtrbŤdąd, `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd, pbf`t`hm prb`zvbad ` g`lmjd.


jmed


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld [dąujbvbastvb ` Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< - bkrdzfbź`t` prèlmju edrhmt`jid ujutdr struhm - uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi pfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zd

trź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm


Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sme`jdrd<- Hdtmibr`z`rd uspbrmĔulm vrstm a`str`kug`lm - BkldŤjldvd tmemfljm bkf`hm hbeuj`hdg`lm u edrhmt`jiu - Djdf`z`rd pblma`jm ema`lm bifdŤdvdjld - _rmpbzjdlm ` bkldŤjldvd tmcj`hm bajbsd s ldvjbŤĉu - _fdj`rd bridj`zdg`lu edrhmt`jŤhbi balmfd pbauzmĉd - ]tvrĔulm spmg`n`ąjbst` irdjshbi edrhmt`jid u pblma`jè smhtbrèd trź`Ťtd



39


Qmem sme`jdrd hbl` sm `zfdźu su< 4. Amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm a`str`kug`lm- 4 sdt;. _blebvjb barmĔmjlm prbebg`lm-4 sdt7. Hfds`n`hdg`ld prbebg`lshbi e`hsd-4 sdt1. [da`b ` tmfmv`z ld hdb ema`l` prbpdidjam-4 sdt=. Djdf`zd bstdf`c edsbvj`c ema`ld-4 sdt>. Nujhg`lm prbpdidjaj`c dimjg`ld-4 sdt9. @jtmrj` ` mhstmrj` bajbs` s ldvjbŤĉu-4 sdt3. _ukf`g`tmt hdb prbebg`lshd dht`vjbst-4 sdt0. Irdj`ąjm prbebg`lshm dht`vjbst`-4 sdt4?. Bridj`zdg`ld edrhmt`jid-4 sdt44. Edrhmt`jŤhd hbjtrbfd-4 sdt

4;. Edrhmt`ji u tur`zeu-4 sdt47. EmĔujdrbaj` edrhmt`ji -4 sdt41. AruŤtvmj` edrhmt`ji-4 sdt4=. Bstdfd pbaruąld irdjshbi edrhmt`jid-4 sdt




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrd Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu_`sdjlm sme`jdrd dhb lm badkrdj hdb Wme`jdr @@zfdidjlm sme`jdrd









Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm Mv`amjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. Jdp`sdj` ` bkrdjlmj` sme`jdr abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz tb ebźm bstvdr`t` 3? kbabvd. 1. _rmzmjtdg`ld bstvdrulm ;? kbabvd] hbjdąju bglmju ufdz` p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b sme`jdrd.



33








JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Emfmr, E.< Edrhmt`ji, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh, ;??;.4;Fdghbv`ĉ, \., Djarf`ĉ, K.< Bsjbvm strdtmŤhbi edrhmt`jid, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`, Imjb,

_bźmid, ;??9. 4?


Hbtfmr _.< ]prdvfldjlm edrhmt`jibe- djdfzd, pfdj`rdjlm, prèlmjd ` hbjtrbfd, Edtm, \dirmk, ;??4.






Hbtfmr, _.< Hbtfmr b edrhmt`jiu- hdhb stvbr t`, bsvbl t` ` ibspbadr`t` trź`Ťtèd, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??>.




Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]

mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



30

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma.Ardidjd Klmf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldQribvdąhb prdvb 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1=_



4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj`

stua`l)


bp`sd hbfmi`ld

4.

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) B4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld4. 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


G`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdt` stuamjtm s tmemflje pblebvèd tribvdąhbi prdvd, hdhb tribvdąhbi stdtusjbi, tdhb ` tribvdąhbiuibvbrjbi prdvd hdb ` pblebvèd hbl` ufdzm u edtmr`lu hbld sm t`ąm vr`lmajbsj`c pdp`rd. Jdadflm, g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bebiuĉ`t`stuamjtèd usvdldjlm zjdjld b pblma`jè bkfgèd tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd, tribvdąh`c uibvbrd hdb ` pblma`jè vrstdedvr`lmajbsj`c pdp`rd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd pbfdidjlm hbfmi`ld

ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su

pbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` prbirded

hblèd hbfmi`l pràbjbs`

djdf`z`rdt` suklmhtm tribvdąhbi prdvd (stdtusjbi uibvbrjbi)


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td z hbfmi`ld Qribvdąhb prdvb ebĉ`< -rdzf`hbvdt` tribvdąhb uibvbrjb ba tribvdąhbi stdtusjbi prdvd -bk ldsj`t` prdvju ` pbsfbvju spbsbkjbst suklmhdtd tribvdąhbi prdvd -amn`j`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` suklmhtm tribvdąhbi prdvd -bkldsj`t` prdvjm bsjbvm zdstupdjld-jdvmst`, amn`j`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` tribvdąhm uibvbrm -rdzf`hbvdt` pblma`jm vrstm vr`lmajbsj`c pdp`rd



0?


4.]vba u hbfmi`l, amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm,Qribvdąhb prdvb ‗ pblde ` `zvbr` (7 sdtd);.Qribvdąhb stdtusjb prdvb8 Qribvdg pblma`jdg ` tribvdąhb aruŤtvb hdb tribvdg (7 sdtd) 7._rdvjd ` pbsfbvjd spbsbkjbst suklmhdtd tribvdąhbi prdvd (7 sdtd) 1. _bauzmĉm, _rmaaruŤtvb, pbaruźj`gd, prmastdvj`Ťtvb (7 sdtd) =._rmaemt pbsfbvdjld ` slma`Ťtm (; sdtd) >.Qvrthd (7 sdtd)9.\dstupdjlm (7 sdtd)3.AruŤtvd bsbkd- brtdhfuh (; sdtd)0.Ldvjb tribvdąhb aruŤtvb, hbedja`tjb aruŤtvb (7 sdtd) 4?.Ibspbadrshb `jtmrmsjb uaruźmjlm, tdljb aruŤtvb (; sdtd) 44.AruŤtvd hdp`tdfd8 A`bj`ąhb aruŤtvb (1 sdtd) 4;.AruŤtvb s birdj`ąmjbe baibvbrjbŤĉu (7 sdtd)

47._rdvj` pbsdb ‗ pblde ` vrstm (; sdtd)41.]ibvbr` tribvdąhbi prdvd (1 sdtd)4=.^r`lmajbsj` pdp`r` (; sdtd)



sdebstdfj` zdadgèuftèma`ld ermźdfdkbrdtbr`lemjtbrsh` rda(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


4._bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ;.Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu7._`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd 1._bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld=.JbŤmjlm jd jdstdvu \dhbjd b tribvdąhè aruŤtvèd ` k`flmźj`gm

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt`

ua`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)



Msml [mnmrdt Hbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrdzjdjld

Hbfbhv`l` ;,= Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm ?,=



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4._bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)

Wtuamjt hrbz abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` prmaemtj`jdstdvj`h.



04

;.Dht`vjbst jd jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv` ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4? kbabvd.

7.Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm av`lm abedĉm zdadĉm, d zd svdhu zdadĉu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab = kbabvd. 1.Hbfbhv`l` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Q`lmhbe smemstrd stuamjt p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld, d jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t`bkd hbfbhv`ld, d hbjdąju bglmju nbre`rdlu rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` abedĉ`c zdadĉd tm mvàmjg`ld dht`vjbst` jd jdstdv` `pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<4._bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm< 4? kbabvd;.Dht`vjbst jd jdstdv`< 4? kbabvd7.Abedĉm zdadĉm< ;x= kbabvd

1.Hbfbhv`l`< ;x7= kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt hbl` jm pbfbź` hbfbhv`l (`f` eu jm pr`stup`) auźdj lm pr`stup`t` p`sdjbe ` usemjbe a`lmfu `sp`t d, d prmauvlmt zd `zfdzdhjd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmj p`sdj` a`b `sp`td. Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

4.Kdrk`ĉ, L.,_rdvb aruŤtdvd (bpĉ` a`b), Bridj`zdtbr, \dirmk, ;??3.iba.

;. Kdrk`ĉ, L.,_rdvb aruŤtdvd (A[] Q^D HD_@QDFD), Bridj`zdtbr, \dirmk, ;?4?.iba.

7. Kdrk`ĉ, L.,_rdvb aruŤtdvd (A[] Q^D BWBKD), Bridj`zdtbr, \dirmk, ;??;.iba

1._mtrbv`ĉ, W.,Bsjbvm prdvd aruŤtdvd, _rdvj` ndhuftmt u \dirmku, ;??3.iba.

=.Ibrmjg, ^.,Qribvdąhb prdvb ‗ uibvbr`, hbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;???.iba.

>.\dhbj b tribvdąhè aruŤtvèd JJ 4=;/44, 444/4;, >3/47 www.jj.cr

9.\dhbj b bkvmzjè bajbsèd JJ 14/?4,7=/?3, 4;=/44 www.jj.cr


4.IbfaŤtdlj, D., Qribvdąhb uibvbrjb prdvb- emĔujdrbajb hbepdrdt`vjb, zdirmk, 4004.iba.;.\dhbj b suashbe rmi`stru JJ 4/0=, =9/0>, 4/03, 7?/00, 1=/00, =1/?=, 1?/?9, 04/4?, 0?/447.\dhbj b elmj`g` JJ 91/?0, 0;/4?1.\dhbj b ąmhu JJ 91/01 =.\dhbj b trź`Ťtu hdp`tdfd JJ 33/?3, 41>/?3, 91/?0, =1/47



0;

>.\dhbj b uaruided JJ 33/?4, 44/?;9.\dhbj b zdaruided JJ 71/44


Hvdf`tmtd sm prdt` mvàmjg`lbe pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm tm dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ``sp`tèd, d hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld putme stuamjtsh`c djhmtd.@jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvustuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjlm hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm, d `jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd`zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvjhd tm zd mvmjtudfjm `zelmjm ` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi ld, emtbad rdad `bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



07

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Kdrkdrd _`shmr, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 7+4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldWbg`bfbi`ld 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Jmed 4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj

f`jm (edhs. ;?%)


Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd 4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sd

hbfmi`ld


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld4. 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd

prbirded hbfmi`ldedjlm ba ;?%v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


]pbzjdt` stuamjtm sd aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshè prbgmsèd, pbldvded ` bajbsèd, zdhbj`tbstèd jl`cbvbi rdzv`thd, df` èmĔusbkjbi bajbsd ` zdv`sjbst`, hdb ` hbjtmhstd aruŤtvd hdb tbtdf`tmtd, s pbsmkjè bsvrtbe jd sbg`ldfjm dspmhtmmhbjbeshbi nmjbemjd. [dzv`t` hba stuamjdtd spbsbkjbst` zd hr`t`ąhb e`Ťflmjlm8 upbrdku tmbr`lsh`c hbjgmpdtd zdrdzue`lmvdjlm aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbesh`c pbldvd u vfdst`tbe aruŤtvu hdb ` uspbrmaku s aruièd, hrmdt`vjb prè`lmj`t` sbg`bfbŤhmhbjgmptm jd svdhbajmvjb `shustvb stuamjdtd. _btdĉ` hr`t`ąhb ‗ djdf`t`ąhm spbsbkjbst` stuamjdtd, rdzue`lmvdjlm uzrbąjb ‗ pbsflma`ąj`c vmzd u aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshè bajbsèd, tm nbre`rdjlm bsbkj`c stdvbvd b stdjlu u aruŤtvu. Bspbsbk`t`stuamjtm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm, tuedąmjlm, a`lmfbe ` `strdź`vdjlm aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbesh`c pbldvd ` prbgmsd.


hbfmi`l

Jmed


_rmavàlmt` utlmgdl aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`c bafuhd. Hr`t`ąh` djdf`t`ąh` tuedą`t` sbg`bfbŤhu prbkfmedt`zdg`lu mhbjbeshbi ź`vbtd,[dzuelmt`, strdź`vdt` tuedą`t` aruŤtvmjm bsjbvm mhbjbeshbi pbjdŤdjld.

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Wbg`bfbi`ld ebĉ`<



01

hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld) Amn`j`rdt` bkldsj`t` spmg`n`ąjbst sbg`bfbŤhbi pr`stupd

[dzf`hbvdt`, amn`j`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` tmemfljm pblebvm sbg`bfbi`lm

Bkldsj`t`, rdzf`hbvdt`, `jtmrprmt`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` rdzf`ą`tm sbg`bfbŤhm tmbr`lm, Ťhbfm ` prdvgm hfds`ąj`c ` suvrmemj`cpr`stupd (vmzdjb uz rdzf`ą`tm aruŤtvmjm prbkfmem ` rdzf`ą`tm rmfmvdjtjm aruŤtvmjm tmem)

@strdź`t` aruŤtvmjm prbgmsm jd mfmemjtdrjbl rdz`j`

Djdf`z`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` rmfmvdjtjm aruŤtvmjm pbldvm, prbgmsm ` trmjabvm suvrmemj`c aruŤtdvd

Amn`j`rdt`, djdf`z`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` tmemfljm aruŤtvmjm `jst`tug`lm, tm bkldsj`t` utlmgdl aruŤtvmjb pbv`lmsjbi hbjtmhstd jdjl`c

_rè`lmj`t` sbg`bfbŤh` pmrspmht`vu jd mhbjbesh` nmjbemj

Bkldsj`t` emĔusbkju vmzu zemĔu aruŤtvmjm jtmrdhg`lm ` bkf`hbvdjld mhbjbesh`c jtmrmsd

@amjt`n`g`rdt`, uspbrma`t` ` bkldsj`t` elmstb ` ufbiu suvrmemjbi crvdtshbi aruŤtvd s bkz`rbe jd rdzf`ą`tm aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshm prbgmsm u bhv`ru ifbkdf`z`rdjbi sv`lmtd

_rmpbzjdt` ufbiu aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshm baibvbrjbst` pbauzmĉd s bkz`rbe jd pbŤt`vdjlm pbtrmkd bhruźld u hblmealmfulm


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (4 sdt);. Wbg`bfbi`ld ` jlmz`j prmaemt< amn`j`g`ld, rdz`jm ` struhturdWbg`bfbŤh` pr`stup `strdź`vdjlu aruŤtvmj`c prbgmsd, bajbsd ` struhturd.(; sdtd)7. Bsjbvm sbg`bfbŤhm trda`g`lm._bldvd ` a`sg`pf`jdrj` rdzvbl. (; sdtd)1. Hfds`ąjm sbg`bfbŤhm tmbr`lm[dz`jm ` struhturd. Qmemfljm tmbr`lshm hbjgmpg`lm. (; sdtd)=. Wuvrmemjm tmbr`lm aruŤtvd ` sbg`bfbi`ld ebamrjbst` (4 sdt) >. Emtbam ` tmcj`hm `strdź`vdjld aruŤtvmj`c ą`jlmj`gd EmtbabfbŤh` zdadg`, vrstm ` t`pbv` `strdź`vdjld. Wtrdtmi`lm, ndzm ` emtbam `strdź`vdjld. (; sdtd) 9. Wtruhturd aruŤtvdAruŤtvmjd irupd hdb mfmemjtdrjd sbg`bfbŤhd hdtmibr`ld. AruŤtvmjm jbrem, vr`lmajbst` ` ufbim. (; sdtd)

3. AruŤtvmjm `jst`tug`lm< vrstm ` nujhg`lm (; sdtd) 0. Wbg`ldfjd strdt`n`hdg`ldAruŤtvmjd strdt`n`hdg`ld hrbz pbv`lmst (hdstm, stdfmź`, hfdsm). Hfdsm ` sfblmv` u suvrmemjè aruŤtvèd. Wpbf ` aruŤtvmjd

jmlmajdhbst. [dsjm ` mtj`ąhm rdzf`hm u pfurdfjè aruŤtvèd. (; sdtd)4?. Hufturd ` aruŤtvb Wbg`ldf`zdg`ld u uvlmtèd `sprmpfmtmjbst` hufturd ` v`sbhm tmcjbfbi`lm ` hbeuj`hdg`lm. Wbg`ldf`zdg`ld ` `ja`vàudfjd sfbkbad.(; sdtd)44. Wustdv` vlmrbvdjld< rmfì`ld ` àmbfbi`ld (; sdtd)4;. AruŤtvmjb hrmtdjlm ` aruŤtvmjm prbelmjmIfbkdf`zdg`ld< jbv` stdjadra`, jbvm jmlmajdhbst`, jbv` sbg`ldfj` bajbs`. ]fbid trdjsjdg`bjdfj`c hbrpbrdg`ld u mhbjbeshbe `hufturjbe jtmir`rdjlu sv`lmtd. Crvdtshb aruŤtvb u prbgmsèd `jtmirdg`lm. (7 sdtd)47. Mhbjbeshd sbg`bfbi`ld (; sdtd)



0=

41. [da ` vfdsj`Ťtvb[da, zdpbsfmjbst ` abhbf`gd. _balmfm rdad ` rdzvbl aruŤtvd. ^fdsj`Ťtvb ` hbjtrbfd u suvrmemjbe hdp`tdf`zeu. ^fdsj`Ťtvb jdaedtmr`ldfjè ` `jtmfmhtudfjè rmsursèd. ]tlmgdl ` sjdid hbrpbrdg`ld. W`ja`hdfjb bridj`z`rdjlm ` zdŤt`td prdvd rdaj`hd.Ifbkdfjb trź`Ťtm rdad ` hdp`tdfd (7 sdtd)4=. _bsfbvjd mt`hd ` aruŤtvmjd baibvbrjbst pbauzmĉd

Wuvrmemj` hdp`tdf`zde ` mt`ąhd aèmjz`ld pbauzmtj`Ťtvd. [dzvbl ` jdprmadh hdb mt`ąhd ` mhbfbŤhd hdtmibr`ld. (; sdtd)


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm

tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


4. _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd ;. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu7. _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld1. @zrdad ` prmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad jd zdadju tmeu





Hbfbhv`l` ;,;= Wme`jdrsh` rda 4 (bstdfb up`sdt`)

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ?,1= ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _ba stuamjtshbe dht`vjbŤĉu pbardzue`lmvd sm sprmejbst jd sualmfbvdjlm u a`shus`l` jd zdadju tmeu jd sdtu, tm urmajb i

`zvrŤdvdjld abedĉ`c zdadĉd hblm sm sdstblm ba pr`prmedjld zd jdabfdzmĉu tmeu prmadvdjld (u se`sfu trdźmjld pblebvd urlmąj`gèd, bpĉmi `jnbre`rdjld b zdadjbl tme` u edss ema`lèd, ą`tdjld hrdĉ`c `jnbredt`vj`c ąfdjdhd, tm prmtrdź`vdjld`jnbredg`ld jd @jtmrjmtu). Dht`vjbe pdrt`g`pdg`lbe u jdstdv` stuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 7 ab4= kbabvd 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9= kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, dht`vjbst` u jdstdv` ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<



0>

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4= kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l` 9= kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`semj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lmpbfbźmj p`semj` a`b `sp`td.



JdsfbvKrbl

prèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`


ema`ld

ůujadf`ĉ, D., Wbg`bfbi`ld, ]aźkmj`h sbg`bfbi`lm zd mhbjbe`stm, Wvmuą`f`ŤtmLbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd, Bs`lmh, ;?44.

ůujadf`ĉ, D., Crvdtshb aruŤtvb ` `jtmirdg`lsh` prbgms`, EC, Bs`lmh, ;??1. _rmadvdjld `z prmaemtd Wbg`bfbi`ld zd tmhuĉu dhdameshu iba`ju Bkldvflmjd jd

wmk strdj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`



Kdra, D. ‗ Wþamrqv`st, L. Jmtbhrdg`ld, \dirmk, A`nnmrb, ;??7. Kmgh, ]., Irdjam, M., Hbzebpbf`tshd Murbpd, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??>. Kmrimr, _. ‗ Fughedjj, Q. Wbg`ldfjd hbjstruhg`ld zk`flm, Jdpr`lma. \dirmk, 400;.Gdstmffs, Edjumf ]spbj uermźmjbi aruŤtvd, , Ibfamj edrhmt`ji. \dirmk, ;???. Arughmr, _. Jbvd zk`fld, Jbv` f`kmr. \dirmk, 400;.Arughmr, _mtmr ]prdvfldjlm u kuauĉme aruŤtvu, E.M._. Gbjsuft. \dirmk, ;??9. Mav`jssbj, F. Hbrpbrdg`lshd fbji`tuad, A`nnmrb. \dirmk, ;??7.Nr`maedj, E. Hdp`tdf`zde ` sfbkbad, , Ifbkus ‗ ůhbfshd hjlìd. \dirmk, 400;. Nuhuyded, N., Hrdl ąbvlmhd2, @zvbr`. \dirmk, ;??7. Iàamjs, D. Qrmĉ` put, , _bf`t`ąhd hufturd, \dirmk, 4000. Irdy, L. Fdźjd zbrd ‗ @fuz`lm ifbkdfjbi hdp`tdf`zed, Edsema`d. \dirmk,4009._fdjy, H., ^mf`hd prmbkrdzkd, Jdhfdad Lmsmjsh` ` Qurh, \dirmk, 4000.

_ufl`z, ^. Ifbkdf`zdg`ld ` sbg`ldfjd arźdvd, , [mv`ld zd sbg`ldfju pbf`t`hu. \dirmk, 4003.[`nh`j, L., K`btmcjbfbŤhb stbflmĉm, Jdhfdad Lmsmjsh` ` Qurh ‗ CWA, \dirmk, 4000[`nh`j, L., Murbpsh` sdj, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??>. Wwmakmri, [,. Jdąmfd mhbjbeshm sbg`bfbi`lm, E DQM, \dirmk, ;??>.Qcurbw, F., Kuauĉjbst hdp`tdf`zed, EDQM. \dirmk, 4009.



09


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv` hrbz sualmfbvdjlm u a`shus`l` jd zdadju tmeu jd sdtu, tm urmajb i `zvrŤdvdjld abedĉ`czdadĉd hblm sm sdstblm ba pr`prmedjld zd jdabfdzmĉu tmeu prmadvdjld , pbsmk`gm su stuamjt` dht`vj` jd sme`jdrèdjl`cbvbe `zrdabe ` prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd.] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrèd, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



03

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Kdrkdrd _`shmr, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld

Wbg`bfbi`ld 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


]pbzjdt` stuamjtm sd aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshè prbgmsèd, pbldvded ` bajbsèd, zdhbj`tbstèd jl`cbvbi rdzv`thd, df` èmĔusbkjbi bajbsd ` zdv`sjbst`, hdb ` hbjtmhstd aruŤtvd hdb tbtdf`tmtd, s pbsmkjè bsvrtbe jd sbg`ldfjm dspmhtmmhbjbeshbi nmjbemjd. [dzv`t` hba stuamjdtd spbsbkjbst` zd hr`t`ąhb e`Ťflmjlm8 upbrdku tmbr`lsh`c hbjgmpdtd zdrdzue`lmvdjlm aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbesh`c pbldvd u vfdst`tbe aruŤtvu hdb ` uspbrmaku s aruièd, hrmdt`vjb prè`lmj`t` sbg`bfbŤhmhbjgmptm jd svdhbajmvjb `shustvb stuamjdtd. _btdĉ` hr`t`ąhb ‗ djdf`t`ąhm spbsbkjbst` stuamjdtd, rdzue`lmvdjlm uzrbąjb ‗ pbsflma`ąj`c vmzd u aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshè bajbsèd, tm nbre`rdjlm bsbkj`c stdvbvd b stdjlu u aruŤtvu. Bspbsbk`t`stuamjtm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm, tuedąmjlm, a`lmfbe ` `strdź`vdjlm aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbesh`c pbldvd ` prbgmsd.


hbfmi`l

Jmed


Amn`j`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` spmg`n`ąjbst sbg`bfbŤhbi pr`stupd ` tmemfljm sbg`bfbŤhm pblebvm.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sme`jdrd `z hbfmi`ld Wbg`bfbi`ld ebĉ`< Amn`j`rdt` bkldsj`t` spmg`n`ąjbst sbg`bfbŤhbi pr`stupd



00

[dzf`hbvdt`, amn`j`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` tmemfljm pblebvm sbg`bfbi`lm

Bkldsj`t`, rdzf`hbvdt`, `jtmrprmt`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` rdzf`ą`tm sbg`bfbŤhm tmbr`lm, Ťhbfm ` prdvgm hfds`ąj`c ` suvrmemj`cpr`stupd (vmzdjb uz rdzf`ą`tm aruŤtvmjm prbkfmem ` rdzf`ą`tm rmfmvdjtjm aruŤtvmjm tmem)

@strdź`t` aruŤtvmjm prbgmsm jd mfmemjtdrjbl rdz`j` Djdf`z`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` rmfmvdjtjm aruŤtvmjm pbldvm, prbgmsm ` trmjabvm suvrmemj`c aruŤtdvd

Amn`j`rdt`, djdf`z`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` tmemfljm aruŤtvmjm `jst`tug`lm, tm bkldsj`t` utlmgdl aruŤtvmjb pbv`lmsjbi hbjtmhstd jdjl`c

_rè`lmj`t` sbg`bfbŤh` pmrspmht`vu jd mhbjbesh` nmjbemj

Bkldsj`t` emĔusbkju vmzu `zemĔu aruŤtvmjm `jtmrdhg`lm ` bkf`hbvdjld mhbjbesh`c `jtmrmsd

@amjt`n`g`rdt`, uspbrma`t` ` bkldsj`t` elmstb ` ufbiu suvrmemjbi crvdtshbi aruŤtvd s bkz`rbe jd rdzf`ą`tm aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshm prbgmsm u bhv`ru ifbkdf`z`rdjbi sv`lmtd

_rmpbzjdt` ufbiu aruŤtvmjb-mhbjbeshm baibvbrjbst` pbauzmĉd s bkz`rbe jd pbŤt`vdjlm pbtrmkd bhruźld u hblmealmfulm


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (4 sdt);. Wbg`bfbi`ld ` jlmz`j prmaemt< amn`j`g`ld, rdz`jm ` struhturdWbg`bfbŤh` pr`stup `strdź`vdjlu aruŤtvmj`c prbgmsd, bajbsd ` struhturd.(4 sdt)7. Bsjbvm sbg`bfbŤhm trda`g`lm._bldvd ` a`sg`pf`jdrj` rdzvbl. (4 sdt)1. Hfds`ąjm sbg`bfbŤhm tmbr`lm [dz`jm ` struhturd. Qmemfljm tmbr`lshm hbjgmpg`lm. (4 sdt)=. Wuvrmemjm tmbr`lm aruŤtvd ` sbg`bfbi`ld ebamrjbst` (4 sdt) >. Emtbam ` tmcj`hm `strdź`vdjld aruŤtvmj`c ą`jlmj`gd EmtbabfbŤh` zdadg`, vrstm ` t`pbv` `strdź`vdjld. Wtrdtmi`lm, ndzm ` emtbam `strdź`vdjld. (4 sdt) 9. Wtruhturd aruŤtvdAruŤtvmjd irupd hdb mfmemjtdrjd sbg`bfbŤhd hdtmibr`ld. AruŤtvmjm jbrem, vr`lmajbst` ` ufbim. (4 sdt)

3. AruŤtvmjm `jst`tug`lm< vrstm ` nujhg`lm (4 sdt) 0. Wbg`ldfjd strdt`n`hdg`ldAruŤtvmjd strdt`n`hdg`ld hrbz pbv`lmst (hdstm, stdfmź`, hfdsm). Hfdsm ` sfblmv` u suvrmemjè aruŤtvèd. Wpbf ` aruŤtvmjdjmlmajdhbst. [dsjm ` mtj`ąhm rdzf`hm u pfurdfjè aruŤtvèd. (4 sdt)

4?. Hufturd ` aruŤtvb Wbg`ldf`zdg`ld u uvlmtèd `sprmpfmtmjbst` hufturd ` v`sbhm tmcjbfbi`lm ` hbeuj`hdg`lm. Wbg`ldf`zdg`ld ` `ja`v àudfjd sfbkbad.(4 sdt)44. Wustdv` vlmrbvdjld< rmfì`ld ` àmbfbi`ld (4 sdt)4;. AruŤtvmjb hrmtdjlm ` aruŤtvmjm prbelmjmIfbkdf`zdg`ld< jbv` stdjadra`, jbvm jmlmajdhbst`, jbv` sbg`ldfj` bajbs`. ]fbid trdjsjdg`bjdfj`c hbrpbrdg`ld u mhbjbeshbe `hufturjbe jtmir`rdjlu sv`lmtd. Crvdtshb aruŤtvb u prbgmsèd `jtmirdg`lm. (4 sdt)47. Mhbjbeshd sbg`bfbi`ld (4 sdt)41. [da ` vfdsj`Ťtvb



4??

[da, zdpbsfmjbst ` abhbf`gd. _balmfm rdad ` rdzvbl aruŤtvd. ^fdsj`Ťtvb ` hbjtrbfd u suvrmemjbe hdp`tdf`zeu. ^fdsj`Ťtvb jdaedtmr`ldfjè ` `jtmfmhtudfjè rmsursèd. ]tlmgdl ` sjdid hbrpbrdg`ld. W`ja`hdfjb bridj`z`rdjlm ` zdŤt`td prdvd rdaj`hd.Ifbkdfjb trź`Ťtm rdad ` hdp`tdfd (4 sdt)4=. _bsfbvjd mt`hd ` aruŤtvmjd baibvbrjbst pbauzmĉd

Wuvrmemj` hdp`tdf`zde ` mt`ąhd aèmjz`ld pbauzmtj`Ťtvd. [dzvbl ` jdprmadh hdb mt`ąhd ` mhbfbŤhd hdtmibr`ld. (4 sdt)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


4. _bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm ;. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`;. @zrdad p`sdjbi a`lmfd sme`jdrshbi rdad7. ]semjd prmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad






Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ?,; ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)


zdvrŤjbe sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm sme`jdrd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Dht`vjbst u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm sme`jdrd)_ba stuamjtshbe dht`vjbŤĉu pbardzue`lmvd sm sprmejbst jd sualmfbvdjlm u a`shus`l` jd zdadju tmeu jd sdtu sme`jdrshmjdstdvm. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjbst u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` ebźm bstvdr`t` 4 ab4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu stuamjtshm dht`vjbst` jdsme`jdrshbl jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą.

7. _`semj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm sme`jdrd)Jdp`sdj` sme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdj sme`jdrsh` rda, u shfdau s uputded, stuamjtubebiuĉdvd stlmgdjlm ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd.1. ]semj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm sme`jdrd)_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd . Wtuamjt hrbz sdebstdfju prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrshbi rdadebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd, bv`sjb b hvdf`tmt` prmzmjtdg`lm.




4?4

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4? kbabvd

]semj` a`b rdad 1? kbabvd

_`semj` a`b rdad 1? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd



JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

ůujadf`ĉ, D., Wbg`bfbi`ld, ]aźkmj`h sbg`bfbi`lm zd mhbjbe`stm, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm

Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd, Bs`lmh, ;?44.=

ůujadf`ĉ, D., Crvdtshb aruŤtvb ` `jtmirdg`lsh` prbgms`, EC, Bs`lmh, ;??1. =

_rmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld Wbg`bfbi`ld zd tmhuĉu dhdameshu iba`ju Bkldvflmjd jdwmk strdj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`


Kdra, D. ‗ Wþamrqv`st, L. Jmtbhrdg`ld, \dirmk, A`nnmrb, ;??7. Kmgh, ]., Irdjam, M., Hbzebpbf`tshd Murbpd, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??>. Kmrimr, _. ‗ Fughedjj, Q. Wbg`ldfjd hbjstruhg`ld zk`flm, Jdpr`lma. \dirmk, 400;.Gdstmffs, Edjumf ]spbj uermźmjbi aruŤtvd, , Ibfamj edrhmt`ji. \dirmk, ;???. Arughmr, _. Jbvd zk`fld, Jbv` f`kmr. \dirmk, 400;.Arughmr, _mtmr ]prdvfldjlm u kuauĉme aruŤtvu, E.M._. Gbjsuft. \dirmk, ;??9. Mav`jssbj, F. Hbrpbrdg`lshd fbji`tuad, A`nnmrb. \dirmk, ;??7.Nr`maedj, E. Hdp`tdf`zde ` sfbkbad, Ifbkus ‗ ůhbfshd hjlìd. \dirmk, 400;. Nuhuyded, N., Hrdl ąbvlmhd2, @zvbr`. \dirmk, ;??7. Iàamjs, D. Qrmĉ` put, , _bf`t`ąhd hufturd, \dirmk, 4000. Irdy, L. Fdźjd zbr d ‗ @fuz`lm ifbkdfjbi hdp`tdf`zed, Edsema`d. \dirmk,4009.

_fdjy, H., ^mf`hd prmbkrdzkd, Jdhfdad Lmsmjsh` ` Qurh, \dirmk, 4000._ufl`z, ^. Ifbkdf`zdg`ld ` sbg`ldfjd arźdvd, [mv`ld zd sbg`ldfju pbf`t`hu. \dirmk, 4003.[`nh`j, L., K`btmcjbfbŤhb stbflmĉm, Jdhfdad Lmsmjsh` ` Qurh ‗ CWA, \dirmk, 4000[`nh`j, L., Murbpsh` sdj, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??>. Wwmakmri, [,. Jdąmfd mhbjbeshm sbg`bfbi`lm, EDQM, \dirmk, ;??>. Qcurbw, F., Kuauĉjbst hdp`tdf`zed, EDQM. \dirmk, 4009. ^rąmh, ^., Aruid strdjd pbtrbŤdąhbi rdld< u hfbpg` `zemĔu zardvfld ` kbfmst`, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;?4?.

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl` Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld ` advdjlme baibvbrd, d pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe



4?;

bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`czjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

sdebstdfjm `zrdam ` prmzmjt`rdjld rdad. Q`lmhbe `zvrŤmjld sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, abk`vmjbi ba prmaemtjbi jdstdvj`hd,bajbsjb pr` p`sdjlu rdad, stuamjtèd lm ba jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvdstlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd, d pbtrmkj`c zd hvdf`tmtdj pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu sme`jdrshbizdadthd, `zrda` rdad hdb ` jlmibvbl prmzmjtdg`l`.] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu jdstdvj`hd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, bdht`vjbst` stuamjdtd, rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` `zrda` sme`jdrshbi rdad tm pr`f`hbe jlmibvm prmzmjtdg`lm.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



4?7

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld prma. Kbldj [da`Ť`ĉ, prbn. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldIbspbadrshd edtmedt`hd ; 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_ + 7? ^



4.





-




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm usvbl`t`, hrbz prmadvdjld, tmemfljd edtmedt`ąhd zjdjld juźjd zd kbflm rdzue`lmvdjlm pr`rbaj`c zdhbj`tbst`. Hrbzvlmźkm usvbl`t` bsjbvjd edtmedt`ąhd zjdjld pbtrmkjd zd rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmed ` zdadtdhd. Jdv`hdvdt` jd sustdvjbst, tbąjbst,urmajbst ` hbjg`zjbst u p`semjbe ` usemjbe `zrdźdvdjlu ` rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed.


Jmed uvlmtd


4. pr`e`lmj`t` emtbam edtmedt`ąhbi e`Ťflmjld u rlmŤdvdjlu pbsfbvj`c prbkfmed


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd ;, ebĉ`< `zavdldt` vdźjm pbadthm `zrdźdvdluĉ` `c hrbz pbstbtj` (prbe`fj`) `zrdąuj `zrdźdvdt` prbkfmem hbr`stmĉ` edtmedt`ąhm emtbam

uvrŤtdvdt` vdr`ldkfm u baibvdrdluĉm nbreufm nbreuf`rdt` rdzf`ą`tm ebamfm hdedtjbi rdąujd

ebamf`rdt` btpfdtjm tdkf`gm jd tmemflu badk`rd emtbam btpfdtm zdled

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmj 4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. _bstbtj` rdąuj (1 sdtd)



4?1

prmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm ;. Qrbljb prdv`fb. (1 sdtd)7. [dąuj a`bkm. (1 sdtd)1. [dąuj selmsm. (1 sdtd) =. ^mr`źj` rdąuj (1 sdtd)>. J`zbv`. (1 sdtd)9. Lmajbstdvj` amhurz`vj` hdedtj` rdąuj. (1 sdtd)3. Lmajbstdvj` djt`g`pdt`vj` hdedtj` rdąuj. (1 sdtd) 0. Wfbźmj` amhurz`vj` hdedtj` rdąuj. (1 sdtd)4?. Jbe`jdfj`, hbjnbrej` ` rmfdt`vj` hdedtjldh. (1 sdtd)44. Wfbźmj` djt`g`pdt`vj` hdedtj` rdąuj. (1 sdtd) 4;. Hbjdąjd ` pbąmtjd vr`lmajbst prmjuemrdjab ` pbstjuemrdjab upfdtd (`spfdtd). (1 sdtd)47. Ebamf btpfdtm zdled lmajdhè dju`tmtèd (1sdtd)

41. Ebamf btpfdtm zdled ujdpr`lma abibvbrmjè dju`tmtèd. (1sdtd)4=. Ebamf btpfdtm zdled prbelmjl`vè dju`tmtèd. (1sdtd)4>. Hbjvmrz`ld zdled. (1sdtd).




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<




Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr







]semj` `sp`t ?,= Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (bstdfb up`sdt`)


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`tĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)



4?=

_`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4ab 4? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm stuamjtu jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr t` e`jèdfjb =?% prmav`Ĕmjc kbabvd. 1. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jd usemjbe a`lmfu `sp`td stuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm mvàmjg`ld pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm, abedĉm zdadĉm, rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` usemj` a`b `sp`td . Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


Abedĉm zdadĉm 4? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l 9? kbabvd

]semj` `sp`t 4? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

[mf`ĉ, K., Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd, \dirmk, ;??;.

K. Hbvdą`ĉ, K. [da`Ť`ĉ, Ibspbadrshd edtmedt`hd, H, \dirmk, ;?44.


mflhb \rjb, (;?44 ) Edtmedt`hd zd mhbjbe`stm, Hj`j< ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm Edrhb Edruf`ĉ8 Iru`ĉ, K., Lmer`ĉ, @., ůutdfb, @., ^bfdrmv`ĉ, C., Edtmedt`hd zd mhbjbe`stm ` edjdimrm, EDQM, \ůME, \dirmk, ;??>.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded ` `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba`sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.



4?>




4?9

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM



4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+7?^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s vdźjbst` prdĉmjld mhbjbesh`c ` aruŤtvmj`c pbldvd u vrmemjshberdzabkflu s g`flme bvfdadvdjld baibvdrdluĉ`c stdt`st`ąh`c emtbad `z glmf`jd hblm sm `zuądvdlu bvè hbfmi`lme rda` ebiuĉjbstàbjbŤmjld hvdf`tmtj`c pbsfbvj`c, bsbk`tb hbemrg`ldfj`c bafuhd u e`hrbmhbjbeshbe ` edhrbmhbjbeshbe pbsfbvjbebhruźmjlu. G`fl lm bebiuĉ`t` stuamjtèd usvdldjlm zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd pr` tdkf`ąjbe ` irdn`ąhbe pr`hdz`vdjlu pbadtdhd tm u`zrdąujdvdjlu stdt`st`ąh`c pbhdzdtmfld pbsfbvdjld rda` jl`cbvbi fdhŤmi `jtmrprmt`rdjld.


]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld ]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @@ lm pbfbźmj `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld ]vba u ibspbadrshustdt`st`hu @.


- prè`lmj`t` stdt`st`ąhm emtbam u `zrdąuju pdrdemtdrd k`tj`c zd tribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd tm u djdf`zìbspbadrsh`c pbhdzdtmfld jd edhrb rdz`j`

- upbtr`lmk`t` stdt`st`ąhm emtbam u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed ` djdf`z` tribv`jsh`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t`hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshè pbauzmĉèd ` pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`

- prmavàlmt` ` prm`sp`tdt` kuauĉm pbsfbvdjlm pdźjlbe abkrbi ibspbadrstvmj`hd - hvdjt`tdt`vjb vdfbr`z`rdt` bafuhm bpmrdt`vjbi hdrdhtmrd u jmprmavà`vè uvlmtèd pbsfbvjbi bhruźmjld, - djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld struhturm crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd tm jtmrprmt`rdt` bsjbvjm mhbjbeshm pbhdzdtmflm - djdf`z`rdt` ` stdt`st`ąh` bkrda`t` mhstmrju ` `jtmrju abhuemjtdg`lu ` n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm s uklmhdtd rmdfjbi smhtbrd `



4?3

prbrdąujsh`c hbr`sj`hd - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld ]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @@, ebĉ`< prbedtrdt` vrmemjsh` rdzvbl pbldvd, trdź`t` jl`cbvm zdhbj`tbst`, prmavàlmt` rdzvbl pbldvd,

irdn`ąh` pr`hdzdt` ` uspbrma`t` vrmemjshm j`zbvm ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` `c,

a`jde`hu vrmemjsh`c j`zbvd `shdzdt` dpsbfutjè ` rmfdt`vjè pbhdzdtmflèd,

uspbrmĔ`vdt` prbelmjm vr`lmajbst` prbedtrdjbi rdzabkfld u bajbsu jd prmtcbajb ` kdzjb rdzabkflm, `jtmrprmtdg`ld ìrdn`ąhb pr`hdz`vdjlm rmfdt`vj`c prbelmjd lmajm pbldvm ` prmrdąujdt` `jamhsm,

djdf`t`ąhè pr`stupbe prdt`t` a`jde`hu pblma`j`c pbldvd prmed prbelmjded g`lmjd `f` prmed prbelmjded hbf`ą`jd

`zrdąujdt` ` prdt`t` a`jde`hu av`lu `f` v`Ťm pbldvd, `zrdąujdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` shupjm `jamhsm jmbv`sjb b pbsfbvjèmjt`tmtèd hbl` sm rdzf`hulu bv`sjb b vrstded almfdtjbst`

djdf`z`rdt` pbadthm u barmĔmjbe vrmemjshbe rdzabkflu rda` prbijbz`rdjld kuauĉ`c hrmtdjld pbldvm uhrdthbrbąjbe, srmajlbrbąjbe auibrbąjbe rdzabkflu

`zrdąujdt` lmajdaźku f`jmdrjbi trmjad emtbabe jdledjl`c hvdardtd rda` sp`t`vdjld pbadtdhd vrmemjshbi j`zd

prè`lmj`t` jmpdrdemtr`lshm emtbam, emtbam pbe`ąj`c prbslmhd zd utvrĔ`vdjlm trmjad

utvra`t` smzbjshm utlmgdlm hblm s mhbjbeshbi ifma`Ťtd èdlu jmpbvbfljb almfbvdjlm ` ‚uhfbj`t`‖ `c `z pbldvm


d. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvmHbrmfdg`lshd djdf`zd, vrstm vdr`ldkf`, a`ldirde rds`pdjld (1 sdtd)k. _mdrsbjbv hbmn`g`lmjt hbrmfdg`lmWelmr hbrmfdg`lm, `jtmjz`tmt hbrmfdg`lm, hr`vbf`j`lshd hbrmfdg`ld (1 sdtd)g. Wpmredjbv hbmn`g`lmjt hbrmfdg`lm@zrdąuj Wpmredjbvbi hbmn`g`lmjtd hbrmfdg`lm (1 sdtd)a. [mirms`lshd djdf`zdLmajbstdvjd f`jmdrjd rmirms`ld, rmirms`lsh` ebamf (1 sdtd)m. Emtbad jdledjl`c hvdardtd

F`j`ld rmirms`lm (f`j`ld jdledjl`c hvdardtd, prbglmjl`vdjlm pdrdemtdrd ebamfd rmirms`lm, hbmn`g`lmjt amtmre`jdg`lm (1 sdtd)n. ]vba u djdf`zu vrmemjsh`c j`zbvd^rstm vrmemjsh`c j`zbvd, irdn`ąhb pr`hdz`vdjlm ` uspbrmĔ`vdjlm vrmemjsh`c j`zbvd, pbhdzdtmfl` a`jde`hm vrmemjsh`c j`zbvd(1 sdtd)i. @jamhs`

@ja`vàudfj` `jamhs`, `jamhs` jd stdfjbl kdz`, `jamhs` jd prbelmjl`vbl kdz`, irdn`ąhb pr`hdz`vdjlm `jamhsd (1 sdtd)c. _rmrdąujdvdjlm ja`vàudfj`c jamhsd _rmrdąujdvdjlm kdzj`c u vmr`źjm `jamhsm, prmrdąujdvdjlm vmr`źj`c u kdzjm `jamhsm, prmrdąujdvdjlm kdzj`c `jamhsd u j`zbrì`jdfj`c vr`lmajbst` (; sdtd)`. Whupj` `jamhs`@ja`vàudfj` `jamhs` hbf`ą`jd ` g`lmjd, Whupj` `jamhs` hbf`ą`jd< Fdspmyrmsbv shupj` `jamhs hbf`ą`jd, _ddsgcmbv shupj` `jamhshbf`ą`jd, Wrmajl` jamhs hbf`ą`jd (1 sdtd)

l. Whupj` `jamhs` g`lmjd, shupj` jamhs` vr`lmajbst`



4?0

Fdspmyrmsbv shupj` `jamhs g`lmjd, _ddsgcmbv shupj` `jamhs g`lmjd, Wrmajl` `jamhs g`lmjd, @jamhs pbtrbŤdąh`c g`lmjd,Whupj` `jamhs vr`lmajbst` (1 sdtd)h. QrmjaQrmja hbepbjmjtd, smzbjshd hbepbjmjtd, g`hf`ąhd hbepbjmjtd, sfuądljd (rmzàudfjd) hbepbjmjtd, da`t`vj` ebamfvrmemjshbi j`zd (1 sdtd)f. F`jmdrj` trmjaF`j`ld trmjad, prbglmjd pdrdemtdrd, scba`Ťtm vrmemjshbi j`zd (1 sdtd)e. @jtmrprmtdg`ld irdn`ąhb pr`hdz`vdjlm f`jmdrjbi trmjad (1 sdtd)j. _rmrdąujdvdjlm lmajdaźkd f`jmdrjbi trmjad (1 sdtd)b. _be`ąj` prbslmg` ` smzbjsh` utlmgdl` Amsmz`bj`rdjlm vrmemjshbi j`zd, _bstupdh amsmz`bj`rdjld vrmemjshbi j`zd (; sdtd)


prmadvdjld

sme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


- _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` - Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu- _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld- Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu pr`kbr zd k`flmŤhm ` hdfhufdtbr





Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda _rbkfmesh` zdadtdh ?,=




Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. [lmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) [lmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ` jlmibvd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjthrbz rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ebźm bstvdr`t` 4? kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 3? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, r`lmŤmjbi prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ` pbcdĔdjlm jdstdvm.



44?



_rbkfmesh` zdadtdh 4? kbabvd





JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Cbrvdt, L. ` E`lbą, L. (;?4;), Bsjbvm stdt`st`hm, \dirmk< Flmvdh 7

bŤ`ĉ @. (;??1), _rè`lmjlmjd stdt`st`hd, \dirmk< hbfshd hjlìd >

bŤ`ĉ @. (4003.), \k`rhd zdadtdhd `z stdt`st`hm, \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk =


bŤ`ĉ @. ` Wmradr, ^. (;??;), ]vba u stdt`st`hu, S@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< hbfshd hjl id ůbŤ`ĉ @. (;??>.), Wtdt`st`hd, \dirmk< ůhbfshd hjlìdJmwkbfa _. mt df. (;??7), Wtdt`st`gs nbr Kus`jmss dja Mgbjbe`gs, ]ppmr Wdafm [`vmr< _rmjt`gm Cdff


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, s jdifdshbe jd pr`lmafbim stuamjdtd zd `zrdau pbsmkj`czdadtdhd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` `zrdabe zdadtdhd jdhbj prbvmamjbi hbfbhv`ld rda` bthfdjldjld jmldsjbĉd ùpbtpujldvdjld zjdjld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmj ld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



444

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldMjifmsh` lmz`h @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4=_+4=^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) B 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD



]vlmt zd up`s hbfmi`ld lm pbfbźmj` `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld Mjifmsh` lmz`h @.


Hbjsbf`a`rdjlm lmz`ąj`c struhturd ` irdedt`hm.

_bzjdvdjlm ` hbr`Ťtmjlm vbhdkufdrd struhm. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd ą`tdjld struąm f`tmrdturm. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd p`sdjld sdźmtdhd ` struąj`c rdabvd. Hbeuj`g`rdjlm hbr`stmĉ` mjifmsh` lmz`h u sfuźk` struhm.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt ebĉ`< _r`e`lmj`t` tmemfljd prdv`fd u ibvbrjbe ` p`sdjbe mjifmshbe lmz`hu.Bkldsj`t` irdedt`ąhm struhturm pr`jg`pm.



44;

@epfmemjt`rdt` irdedt`ąhm struhturm u p`semjè vlmźkded. Amebjstr`rdt` p`sdjlm ` ibvbr jd mjifmshbe lmz`hu s abvbfljbe rdz`jbe tbąjbst` ` tmąjbst`. @epfmemjt`rdt` irdedt`ąhm struhturm u p`semjè vlmźkded. [dzf`hbvdt` rmfmvdjtjm mfmemjtm u tmhstu.Bstvdr`t` sdebstdfju usemju ` p`sdju hbeuj`hdg`lu jd mjifmshbe lmz`hu.Wualmfbvdt` dht`vjb u prmtcbajb jdldvflmjè tmedtshè rdsprdvded._`semjb bkf`hbvdt` sdźmtdh struąjbi tmhstd. Bp`sdt` a`ldirdem, scmem, sf`hm.


4.@jtrbaugt`bj;. Ebjmy7. [mpbrt`ji N`jdjg`df Wuggmss

1. Amsgr`k`ji Qrmjas=. Davmrt`s`ji>.Ycdt Edhms J`hm's Davmrt`s`ji Q`gh29. Fdjiudim [mv`mw3. Gufturms0. Gufturdf Dav`gm4?. Wbg`df Mjif`sc44. Mepfbyemjt4;. Ebt`vdt`ji Cìc-gdf`krm Wtdnn47.Qrdam41.]H Amvmfbps Qdstm nbr Nd`r Qrdam4=.[mv`s`bj


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` ` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm

tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


◂ _bcdĔdt` prmadvdjld ` vlmźkm(stuamjt ebźm jdlv`Ťm tr` putd `zbstdt` s jdstdvm) ◂ Dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u jdstdvjbem prbgmsu ◂ _`sdt` abedĉm zdadĉm ◂ _bfbź`t` hbfbhv`lm ◂ Jd prmadvdjlèd ` vlmźkded pbslmabvdt` prbp`sdjm jdstdvjm edtmr`ldfm

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd _bcdĔdjlm 4 _`semj` sp`t _rblmht



447

(up`sdt` ua`b u MGQW kbabvèdzd svdhu dht`vjbst tdhb aduhupj` krbl MGQW kbabvdbaibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)

jdstdvm

Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda




Dht`vjbst ujdstdv`

?,4;= ]semj` `sp`t ?,= (bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlmrdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm` jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu


kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)]semj` `sp`t abjbs` ab 7? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4. ` ;. (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` >? kbabvd. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lupbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. Wtuamjt` hbl` pbfbźm bkd hbfbhv`ld pbfdźu usemjà`b `sp`td.] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, usemj` `sp`t ` mvàmjg`ld pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<




Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`semj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjdu hjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`cema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl





441

A. Gbttbj, A. Ndfvmy, W. Hmjt< Edrhmt Fmdamr ‗ JmwMa`t`bj, Fbjiedj, ;??=

;

L. [bimrs< Edrhmt Fmdamr ‗ Jmw Ma`t`bj, Kus`jmssMjif`sc, _rdgt`gm N`fm, ;??= ?

^. ûf`ĉ< Kus`jmss Mjif`sc Ybrhkbbh< Dggbujt`ji djaGbeemrgm@@, _bźmid, ;??0

<cttp<//www.vup.cr/RAdtd/N`fms/4;?043447=73;00.pan


;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (utrmjuthu pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`fàbpujd stua`lshbid prbirded)




=. ŵmflhb Kulds< ^mf`h` mjifmshb-cvdtsh` rlmąj`h, Jdhfdaj` zdvba Ifbkus, \dirmk, ;??4. >. ŵmflhb Kulds< ^mf`h` crvdtshb-mjifmsh` rlmąj`h, Jdhfdaj` zdvba Ifbkus, \dirmk, ;??4. 9. Fl. [dabŤ ‗ E. Emfmr< Mjifmshb-crvdtsh` rlmąj`h jdz`vfld u edrhmt`jiu, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu,Bs`lmh, 4001.

3. Bxnbra Davdjgma Fmdrjmrːs A`gt`bjdry, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss ;??= 0. Bxnbra Kus`jmss Mjif`sc A`gt`bjdry, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss ;??=


Wtuamjt` dht`vjb sualmfulu u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm dua t`vjè vlmźkded, pr`lmvbaèd ` sf., tm `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tu. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd






44=

djdf`z`rdlu sm sd stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` u vr`lmem hbjzuftdg`ld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdeb -mvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



44>

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldJlmedąh` lmz`h @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4= _+4= ^



4




bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD



_bfbźmj hbfmi`l jlmedąh` lmz`h @



>. Hbjsbf`a`rdjlm lmz`ąj`c struhturd ` irdedt`hd9. _bzjdvdjlm ` hbr`Ťtmjlm vbhdkufdrd struhm 3. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd ą`tdjld struąjm f`tmrdturm

0. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hm p`sdjld sdźmtdhd 4?. Hbeuj`g`rdjlm hbr`stmĉ` jlmedąh` lmz`h u sfuźk` struhm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Jlmedąh` lmz`h @@, ebĉ`< _r`e`lmj`t` tmemfljd prdv`fd u ibvbrjbe ` p`sdjbe jlmedąhbe lmz`hu [dzv`t` bsjbvm struhbvjbi jlmedąhbi lmz`hd ` irdedt`hm `z pbaruąld mhbjbe`lm ]vrŤtdvdt` struąj` vbhdkufdr u sdebstdfjbe ` spbjtdjbe usemjbe ` p`semjbe `zrdźdvdjlu [dzv`t` rmgmpt`vjm tmcj`hm ą`tdjld ` rdzue`lmvdjld struhbvj`c tmhstbvd @zjbs`t` c`pbtmzm jd bsjbvu prbą`tdj`c struąj`c tmhstbvd, tm struhtur`rdt` `jnbredg`lm prbjdĔmjm u `stbe



449



4. A`m [mpukf`h Hrbdt`mj. (; sdtd)

;. [`lmhd. (; sdtd)

7. A`m Kujamsrmpukf`h Amutsgcfdja. (; sdtd)

1. Ads Fdimr. (; sdtd)

=. Amr Körbrdue. (; sdtd)

>. Körbtát`ihm`t. (; sdtd)

9. Y`mamrcbfuji. (; sdtd)3. \usátzf`gcm Ökujimj. (; sdt)

0. MA^. (; sdtd)

4?. Amr Gbeputmr. (; sdtd)

44. A`m Y`rtsgcdnt. (; sdtd)

4;. Amr Kmrikdu. (; sdtd)

47. A`m Fdjaw`rtsgcdnt. (; sdtd)

41. Y`mamrcbfuji (; sdtd)

4=. WmemstmrdksgcfuÒ (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<







Msml [mnmrdt Hbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrd



443


zjdjld




Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)]semj` `sp`t abjbs` ab 7? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` >? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. Wtuamjt` hbl`pbfbźm bkd hbfbhv`ld pbfdźu ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, usemj` `sp`t ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<







JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Qur`jd- Dj`ĉ, L., Nmrhbv`ĉ, E., Hfluądr`ĉ, H.< (400>.)< Y`rtsgcdntsamutsgc, @jnbredtbr,

\dirmk.

;

Krdja`ĉ, A. (400>.)< Jlmedąhb-crvdtsh` ibspbadrsh` ` prdvj` rlmąj`h, @jnbredtbr,\dirmk.

=

Ldh`ĉ, K., Cure, D.< (;??1.)< Crvdtshb-jlmedąh` rlmąj`h, hbfshd Hjlìd, \dirmk. ;



440



Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm dua`t`vjè vlmźkded, pr`lmvbaèd ` sf., tm `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèddjdf`z`rdlu sm sd stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` u vr`lmem hbjzuftdg`ld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdeb -mvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



4;?

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Jmvmjhd Krmsfdumr,prbn.v.Ť. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) ?

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldQlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @@. 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7? ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Edr`ld Kfdź`ąmv`ĉ,prbn. 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkdvmzdj (B) 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bebiuĉ`t` stuamjtèd stlmgdjlm tmemflj`c tmbr`lsh`c ` prdht`ąj`c zjdjld hblèd ĉm sm bspbsbk`t` zd

sdebstdfjb g lmfbź`vbtjb prbirde`rdjlm ` prbvbĔmjlm prbgmsd vlmźkdjld, tm stvbr`t` jdv`hu zd zardvè jdą`jbe źvbtd.


Jmed uvlmtd

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` prbirdedhblèd hbfmi`l pràbjbs` _bjdvfldjlm jduąmj`c ebtbr`ąh`c struhturd i`kdjld `z Qlmfmsjm ` zardvstvmjm hufturm @. ` @@.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt,jdhbj basfuŤdjbi hbfmi`ld Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @@.,ebĉ`<4._rdv`fjb `zvba`t` tmcj`hu vlmźk` u pr`prmejbe ` zdvrŤjbe a`lmfu sdtd (pr`prmejm vlmźkm ` vlmźkm `stmzdjld) ;.Bse`sf`t` ` amebjstr`rdt` vlmźkm u pr`prme` t`lmfd zd n`z`ąhu dht`vjbst 7._rdv`fjb badkrdt` ` upbtr`lmk`t` spbrtshm rmhv`z`tm ` pbedidfd1.[dzf`hbvdt` vlmźkm ` jdą`j trmj`rdjld ebtbr`ąh`c ` nujhg`bjdfj`c spbsbkjbst =.Hbr`st`t` barmĔmjd ebtbr`ąhd zjdjld u ebeądashè ` `ja`vàudfjè spbrtbvèd >._rèlmj`t` hrmtjm ` tmcj`ąhm struhturm zd vr`lmem ìrm s bsjbvjè prdv`fèd



4;4

9.Dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u bridj`zdg`lshè bkf`gèd rdad (tmrmjshd jdstdvd-`zfmt`,pfdj`jdrmjlm,br`lmjtdg`lshb trądjlm,hf`zdjlm,…)u svrcu pbkbflŤdjld zardvstvmjm,bkrdzbvjm baibljm hbepbjmjtm


4._bjdvfldjlm jduąmj`c hrmtj`c ` tmcj`ąh`c struhturd hblm su sm bkrda`fm u zèshbe smemstru- (; sdtd);.Bsjbvm tmj`sd (emtba`hd kdghcdja uadrgd) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (prmzmjtdg`ld bsjbvj`c bakblhdŤh`c prdv`fd) 7.Qmj`s (kdghcdja uadrdg-emtba`ąhm vlmźkm u pdru) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (sèufdg`ld bakblhdŤh`c stdvbvd ` hrmtdjlm u bakblhdŤhè stdvbvèd) 1.Qmj`s (vlmźkm jd ermź`) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (uąmjlm bakblhdŤhm hbŤdr`gm-vrŤjb bak`ldjlm `zjda ifdvm u pdru) =.Qmj`s (ìrd jd ermź`) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (vrŤjb bak`ldjlm -zdadg` jd ermź` u pdru ` trblg`) >. Qmj`s (kdghcdja uadrdg- ìrd jd ermź` u pdru) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (vrŤjb bak`ldjlm prmhb ifdvm-zdadg` jd ermź` u pdru) 9.Qmj`s ( nbrmcdja ` kdghcdja uadrdg-zdadg` jd ermź`) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd ( emtba`hd abjlmi pbafdht`ąjbi bak`ldjld u pdru) 3.Qmj`s (emtba`hd tmj`s smrv`sd) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (abjlm pbafdht`ąjb bak`ldjlm-zdadg` jd ermź` u pdru ` trblg`) 0.Qmj`s (tmj`s smrv`s- zdadg` prmhb ermźm) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (emtba`hd abjlmi smrv`sd-zdadg` u pdru ` jd ermź`) 4?.Qmj`s (prmzmjtdg`ld b bsjbvjè prdv`fèd ìrm ` kbabvdjlu u tmj`su) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (emtba`hd ibrjlmi ‚tmj`s‖smrv`sd-zdadg` u pdru ` jd ermź`) 44. Qmj`s (ìrd jd ermź`-prèlmjd jduąmj`c tmcj`ąh`c mfmemjdtd u tmj`su) ‗ ; sdtd

Bakblhd (emtba`ąhd semą uadrgd)4;. Bakblhd (emtba`ąhm vlmźkm u trblg` jd ermź`-semą uadrdg,tmcj`hd kfbhd ` pr`lme fbptm) ‗ ; sdtd47.[da u stdj`gded (> stdj`gd s rdzf`ą`tè zdadgèd) ‗ ; sdtd41.Dtfmt`hd (trądjlm zdadj`c a`bj`gd rdzf`ą`tè tmepbe) ‗ ; sdtd4=.Jdtlmgdjlm ujutdr irupd u ebeądashè ` `ja`vàudfjè spbrtbvèd -; sdtd




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

Qmbr`lshd prmadvdjld ` tmrmjshdjdstdvd `z hbfmi`ld Qlmfmsjd `zardvstvmjd hufturd @. ` @@. sm prbvbam ua`lmfu zèshbi smemstrd,d sme`jdr` smabalmflulu stuamjtèd hbl` j`su bstvdr`fùvlmt zd pbtp`s `z hbfmi`ld


;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt` _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



4;;







Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm8

4._bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm Ba stuamjdtd sm bąmhulm ad rmabv`tb pbcdĔdlu vlmźkm (jdledjlm =?% prmav`Ĕmj`c sdt` dht`vjm jdstdvm) \d svdhbi stuamjtd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pbcdĔdjlu jdstdvm ` usplmsèd prb`stmhfè `z jlmibvbi abadtjbi rdad ` dht`vjbst`Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą

;.Ebiuĉjbst` abadtj`c dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd _r`sutjbst jd jdstdv` u bkf`hu amebjstrdtbrd vlmźk` Dht`vj` `f` hdtmibr`z`rdj` spbrtdŤ (prmed CBB-u)Ćfdj ^mfmuą`f`Ťjm spbrtshm mh`pm jd arźdvjbe `f` rmi`bjdfjbe prvmjstvu Ćfdj ^mfmuą`f`Ťjm spbrtshm mh`pm jd źupdj`lshè ` irdashè prvmjstvèd ` fìded Wua`bj`h spbrtsh`c jdtlmgdjld u bridj`zdg`l` mfmuą`f`Ťtd 7.Wme`jdrsh` rda _rdvb jd pbtp`s hblè sm u `jamhs pbtvrĔulm urmajb `zvrŤdvdjlm prbp`sdj`c bkvmzd èdlu stuamjt` hbl` su k`f` pr`sutj` jdjdstdv` e`jèdfjb =?% ba uhupjbi krbld jdstdvj`c sdt`. ] abibvbru s jdstdvjè prmadvdąme bkvmzm b pr`sutjbst` jdjdstdv` sm rmiuf`rdlu ` putme abadtj`c dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd hbl` su prmtcbajb jdvmamj`. Wtuamjt` hbl` jm bstvdrm uvlmt zdpbtp`s p`Ťu sme`jdrsh` rda jd tmeu hblu zdadlm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. Dhb stuamjt` jm `zvrŤm svblm bkvmzm u zdadjberbhu,jmedlu prdvb jd pbtp`s `z hbfmi`ld ` `st` hbfmi`l ebiu up`sdt` u àuĉbl dhdameshbl iba`j`.


Jdsfbv

Krbl


Abstupjbst

putme bstdf`cema`ld

4.Quabr B. Kbepd, _cA (;??>)< _mr`ba`zdg`ld- tmbr`ld ` emtbabfbi`ld trmj`jid,Ibpdf,\dirmk

4

;.Ardidj E`fdjbv`ĉ (4009)< _r`ruąj`h zd spbrtshm trmjmrm, Ndhuftmt zd n`z`ąhu hufturu, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku 4

7.Ar.sg.@vdj Jbvdh (;??>)< Wpbrtsh` edrhmt`ji ` `jaustr`ld spbrtd,Ed`f`ji 4



4;7

a.b.b.,\dirmk


Jmed abpujshm f`tmrdturm


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv` (pbsmk`gm vlmźkded), `zvdjjdstdvjè dht`vjbstèd ` spbrtshè jdtlmgdjlèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ,dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd tm dht`vjè `hdtmibr`z`rdjè spbrtdŤèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd u zdvrŤjbe a`lmfu sdtd` u tmre`ju hbjzuftdg`ld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd ( stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm,pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld,emtbad rdad tm bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd.



4;1

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Crvblm Kua`ĉ, prmadvdą 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldBridj`zdg`ld uprdvfldjlm 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) >?_

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.


Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd4.4?.[maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdbp`sd hbfmi`ld

4.


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld;. 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


G`fl jdstdvm `z bvbi hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s bsjbvjè pblebvèd `z bridj`zdg`lshm tmbr`lm hdb ` sd

suvrmemjè trmjabvèd u bridj`zdg`l`. _bfdzmĉ` ba ąèkmj`hd hbl` utlmąu jd bkf`hbvdjlm bridj`zdg`lm, stuamjt`ĉm sm upbzjdt` ` s jdą`jbe bkf`hbvdjld bridj`zdg`lsh`c struhturd, hdb ` sd svè hfluąjè mfmemjtèd zd`zirdajlu bridj`zdg`lm. Hdhb lm bridj`zdg`ld a`jde`ąjd ` u stdfjbe hrmtdjlu, barmĔmjd pdźjld sm pbsvmĉulm `prbelmjded hdb ` rdzvblu bridj`zdg`lm ` bridj`zdg`l` hbld uą`. \jdjlm hblm ĉm stuamjt` stmĉ` jd bvbe hbfmi`luebiu sm uj`vmrzdfjb hbr`st`t` zd bridj`zdg`lu k`fb hblmi pbauzmĉd, kdjhm, ustdjbvm, prbn`tjbi `f` jmprbn`tjbismhtbrd.

;.4=. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ` ufdzjmhbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

Jmed.

;.4>. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` prbirdedhblèd hbfmi`l pràbjbs`

- badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j`gu tvrthm- utvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.- djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlmpbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.- àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm ` ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd



4;=

- djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshèpbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tm ustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm - bkrdzfbź`t` rdzvbl, zdadĉm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm, tm vrstm ` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld zd hupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm- prmavàlmt` utlmgdl a`str`kut`vjm tribv`jm jd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl- prmavàlmt` utlmgdl mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`c bafuhd - `jtmrprmt`rdt` ` prè`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu- prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd,tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd - bg`lmj`t` prèlmju pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm zd ujdprmĔmjlm fbi`st`ąh`c prbgmsd u ujutdrjlbl ` vdjlshbl tribv`j` - pblmajbstdvj`t` sfbźmjm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` edhrbmhbjbeshd hrmtdjld tm tdhb prmpbzjdt` utlmgdl pbsfbvjbi suklmhtd jdmhbjbe`lu rmi`lm- vrŤ`t` sdebprbglmju vfdst`t`c hbepmtmjtjbst`

- sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

;.1. Bąmh`vdj` `scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Bridj`zdg`ld ` uprdvfldjlm ebĉ`< ◂ ^dfbr`z`rdt` zjdądl bridj`zdg`lm ` uprdvfldjld u uvlmtèd suvrmemjbi trź`Ťjbi pbsfbvdjld. ◂ Bprdvadt` t`pbvm bsj`vdjld rdzf`ą`t`c ibspbadrsh`c bridj`zdg`ld s bkz`rbe jd uvlmtm pbsfbvdjld. ◂ Bkrdzfbź`t` ąèkmj`hm utlmgdld jd bridj`zdg`lu. ◂ Hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` prèlmju rdzf`ą`t`c vrstd bridj`zdg`lsh`c struhturd. ◂ _bstdv`t` pr`br`tmtm pr` bridj`z`rdjlu rdzf`ą`t`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsd ` nujhg`ld. ◂ ^dfbr`z`rdt` vr`lmajbst fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd u bridj`zdg`l`. ◂ Driuemjt`rdt` vr`lmajbst bridj`zdg`lshm hufturm pbauzmĉd. ◂ @jtmrprmt`rdt` ` prbg`lmj`t` vdźjbst `jnbredg`ld ` hbeuj`hdg`ld u pbauzmĉu. ◂ Hr`t`ąh` prbsua`t` vdźjbst rdzf`ą`t`c ndhtbrd hbl` sualmfulu u uprdvfldjlu pbauzmĉme. ◂ _rmpbruą`t` mvdfu`rdt` vdźjbst suvrmemj`c bridj`zdg`lsh`c trmjabvd bridj`zdg`lsh`c pbifmad.


4.]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm ‗ pblde ` amn`j`rdjlm bridj`zdg`lm (1 sdtd);. Bridj`zdg`ld hdb prdht`ąjd a`sg`pf`jd (1 sdtd) 7. Ibspbadrshm bridj`zdg`lm (3 sdt`)1. Bkf`hbvdjlm bridj`zdg`lm (3 sdt`)

=. Bridj`zdg`lshd struhturd (3 sdt`)>. _bsfbvj` prbgms` ` nujhg`lm (0 sdt`)9. ]prdvfldjlm fluashè pbtmjg`ldfèd (1 sdtd)3. Bridj`zdg`lshd hufturd (1 sdtd)0. @jnbredg`lm ` hbeuj`hdg`lm u bridj`zdg`l` (1 sdtd)4?. ]prdvfldjlm bridj`zdg`lbe (; sdtd)44. Wuvrmemj` pbifma jd bridj`zdg`lu ` suvrmemj` bridj`zdg`lsh` trmjabv` (= sdt`)

;.>.^rstm zvbĔmjld jdstdvm prmadvdjld sdebstdfj` zdadg` ;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



4;>

sme`jdr` ` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm tmrmjshd jdstdvd

euftèma`ld ermźdfdkbrdtbr`lemjtbrsh` rda

(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd4. Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`;. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv`

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt` ua`bu MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhu dht`vjbsttdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQW kbabvdbaibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`

hbfmi`ld)




Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda(bstdfb up`sdt`)


;.4?.Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jdzdvrŤjbe sp`tu

4. Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 7?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Hbfbhv`l 4. ;. (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkdpbfbź`t` avd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` sualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<



;.44.Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjd uhjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

W`hdv`gd, _< Bridj`zdg` ld , hbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;?44. =W`hdv`gd, _., Jbvdh, E.< _bsfbvjd bridj`zdg` ld, 7. `ze`lmjlmjb ` abpujlmjb

`zadjlm , @jnbredtbr, \dirmk, 4000.;

ŵuidl, E.,ůmcdjbv`ĉ, L., G`jiufd, E.< Bridj`zdg`ld, ;. abpujlmjb `

`ze`lmjlmjb zadjlm, Q@^D t`shdrd, drdźa`j, ;??1. >



4;9

;.4;.Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd stua`lshbidprbirded)

W`hdv`gd, _., Kdct`ldrmv`ĉ ‗ `kmr, N., _bfbŤh` ^bh`ĉ, J.< Qmemfl` emjdaźemjtd, hbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??3. ‗ = hjlìdW`hdv`gd, _., Kdct`ldrmv`ĉ ‗ ů`kmr, N.< Emjdaźemjt , Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??1. ‗ 7 hjlìm

;.47.Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm `zfdzj`c zjdjld,vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b sualmfbvdjlu jd jdstdv`.. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd, tm pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



4;3

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

7?



4.


Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd4.4?. [maj` krbl

`zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkvmzj`4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld ibspbadrshm struhturm ` ibspbadrsh`c hrmtdjld u crvdtshbeibspbadrstvu, bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm u hblèd su sm prbelmjm abidĔdfm, djdf`z`rdt` elmrm ` `jstruemjtm mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm `bhruźmjld tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd stdjlm u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu ` pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.


Jmed uvlmtd


4. Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd.


4. Bkldsj`t` struhturu ibspbadrshbi sustdvd tm àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` djdf`z`rdt` bsjbvjm pbhdzdtmflm ibspbadrshm rdzv`lmjbst` jdprèlmru

crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd.;. @amjt`n`g`rdt` zjdądl amebirdnshbi hdp`tdfd u ibspbadrshbe rdzvblu tm djdf`z`rdt` amebirdnshm vmf`ą`jm ` trmjabvm u[mpukf`g`

Crvdtshbl.7. ^dfbr`z`rdt` crvdtshm pr`rbajm rmsursm ` prb`zvbaj` hdp`tdf.1. Djdf`z`rdt` crvdtshb trź`Ťtm rdad ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` elmrm dht`vjm pbf`t`hm zdpbŤfldvdjld. =. Wdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` prbirde pbt`gdjld zdpbŤfldvdjld, bajbsjb srmastvd, `jstruemjtm ` elmrm pbf`t`hm zdpbŤfldvdjld jd

rmi`bjdfjbl rdz`j`.



4;0

>. _rmpbzjdt` zjdądl sbg`ldfjm `jnrdstruhturm u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu tm hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` hrmtdjld u crvdtshbebkrdzbvjbe,

zjdjstvmjbe, zardvstvmjbe e`rbv`jshbe sustdvu.9. Djdf`z`rdt` smhtbrshu struhturu crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd tm djdf`z`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` hrmtdjld u pbflbpr`vr ma`, `jaustr`l` `

usfuźjè almfdtjbstèd u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)]vba ` amn`j`g`ld jdg`bjdfjbi ibspbadrstvd. (4 sdt)

;. Qmemflj` mhbjbesh` pblebv` (pbtrdźjld, pbjuad, prb`zvbajld, trbŤhbv`). (; sdtd)7. Qmemflj` mhbjbesh` pblebv` (pbtrdźjld, pbjuad, prb`zvbajld, trbŤhbv`). (; sdtd) 1. Crvdtsh` amebirdnsh` hdp`tdf. (; sdtd)=. Crvdtshd pbpufdg`lshd pbf`t`hd. (; sdtd)>. _r`rbaj` rmsurs` crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd ` prb`zvbaj` hdp`tdf. (; sdtd)

9. \dpbsfmjbst, jmzdpbsfmjbst ` crvdtshb trź`Ťtm rdad. (; sdtd)3. Qmedtshd rda`bj`gd< crvdtshb rmi`bjdfjb trź`Ťtm rdad. (; sdtd) 0. Wbg`ldfjd `jnrdstruhturd< bkrdzbvdjlm ` zjdjbst u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl. (; sdtd)4?. Wbg`ldfjd `jnrdstruhturd< crvdtsh` e`rbv`jsh` ` zardvstvmj` sustdv. (; sdtd)44. Qmedtsh` abhuemjtdrj` n`fe. (; sdtd)4;. Wmhtbrshd struhturd crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd< pbflbpr`vrmaj` rdzv`tdh u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu ` dirdrjd pbf`t`hd. (; sdtd)47. Wmhtbrshd struhturd crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd< `jaustr`lsh` rdzv`tdh ` rm`jaustr`ldf`zdg`ld crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd. (; sdtd)41. Wmhtbrshd struhturd crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd< usfuźjm almfdtjbst` u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu (tur`zde, tribv`jd, prbemt).(; sdtd)4=. [mhdp`tufdg`ld, pbjdvfldjlm ` prbvlmrd zjdjld. (4 sdt)





(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfjc zk`vdjld u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu.

Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu (pbifdvfld hbld sm bkrdĔulu jd jdstdv`), k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm s prmadvdjld (wmkstrdj`gm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`) rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm jd rdabj`g`, sdebstdfjb `zvrŤmjlm zdadthd ` jlmibvd sdebstdfjd prmzmjtdg`ld. _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrd


Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda ?,=




47?

kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld) Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. @zvrŤmj` zdadtdh jd tmedtshbl rda`bj`g` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjtd jd rda`bj`g` ` sdebstdfjb `zvrŤmjlm zdadthd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vj` pr`stup`zvrŤmjlu zdadthd tm jlmibvbl prmzmjtdg`l` ebźm bstvdr`t` ba ? ab 4? kbabvd.7. Kf`g tmstbv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` kf`g tmstbv` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hrdĉd kf`g tmstd (kmz prmtcbajmjdldvm), lmadj pr`lm svdhbi hbfbhv`ld, bv`sjb b bglmj` hbld sm abk`lm `z jdvmamjbi tmstd stuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t ` ba ? ab 4?

kbabvd (jmidt`vjd bglmjd jm abjbs` pbz`t`vjm kbabvm).1. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, kf`g tmstbvd, prblmhtj`c pr`lmafbid ` pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.



[da`bj`gd 4? kbabvd

Kf`g tmstbv` 4? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd



;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjdu hjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`cema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl



4. dvrdh, ^. ur. (;?44) Ibspbadrstvb Crvdtshm. \dirmk< _bf`t`ąhd hufturd a.b.b. =

;. Lmfmą [diuź, E. (;?47) Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ . Jdstdvj` tmhstprmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld ‚Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr



474



4. Kdr`ĉ, ^. ` dvrdh, ^. (;??=) Bsjbvm crvdtshbid ibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< E`hrbrda a.b.b. ` Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk.;. Irupd dutbrd, urmaj`h Aruź`ĉ, @. (;??7) Crvdtshb ibspbadrstvb. \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. 7. Wdeumfsbj, _.D. Jbracdus, Y.A. (;??9) Mhbjbe`ld, S^@@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< Edtm a.b.b.1. Ymrtcmèmr - Kdfmt`ĉ, D. (4000) Wtdjbvj`Ťtvb ` rdzvbl . \dirmk< EDQM a.b.b.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm rda`bj`g` jd hblbl rdzv`ldlu ` rdzrdĔulu vfdst`tu àmlu prmed tmedtshbe zdadthu._r`f`hbe rdzrdam pbtrmkj`c srmastdvd, `jstruemjdtd ` elmrd, stuamjtèd lm ba strdjm jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl`

jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd,rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd kf`g tmstbvèd ` hbfbhv`lèd tm rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd rda`bj`g`.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd kf`g tmstbvèd, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



47;

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ -sme`jdr

4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=



4.

4.1. Wtua`lsh` prbirde

(struąj`, spmg`ldf`st`ąhà`pfbesh` struąj` stua`l)


bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkvmzj`4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld;. 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld ibspbadrshm struhturm ` ibspbadrsh`c hrmtdjld u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu,bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm u hblèd su sm prbelmjm abidĔdfm , djdf`z`rdt` elmrm ` `jstruemjtm mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm ` bhruźmjld tm jl`cbv utlmgdljd stdjlm u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu ` pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld

ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm

su pbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


4. Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd.

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba` uąmjldjd rdz`j` hbfmi`ld (1-4?`scbad uąmjld)

4. Bkldsj`t` struhturu ibspbadrshbi sustdvd tm àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` djdf`z`rdt` bsjbvjm pbhdzdtmflm ibspbadrshm rdzv`lmjbst` jd prèlmrucrvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd.

;. @amjt`n`g`rdt` zjdądl amebirdnshbi hdp`tdfd u ibspbadrshbe rdzvblu tm djdf`z`rdt` amebirdnshm vmf`ą`jm ` trmjabvm u [mpukf`g`Crvdtshbl.

7. ^dfbr`z`rdt` crvdtshm pr`rbajm rmsursm ` prb`zvbaj` hdp`tdf.1. Djdf`z`rdt` crvdtshb trź`Ťtm rdad ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` elmrm dht`vjm pbf`t`hm zdpbŤfldvdjld. =. Wdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` prbirde pbt`gdjld zdpbŤfldvdjld, bajbsjb srmastvd, `jstruemjtm ` elmrm pbf`t`hm zdpbŤfldvdjld jd

rmi`bjdfjbl rdz`j`.



477

>. _rmpbzjdt` zjdądl sbg`ldfjm `jnrdstruhturm u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu tm hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` hrmtdjld u crvdtshbe bkrdzbvjbe,zjdjstvmjbe, zardvstvmjbe e`rbv`jshbe sustdvu.

9. Djdf`z`rdt` smhtbrshu struhturu crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd tm djdf`z`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` hrmtdjld u pbflbpr`vrma`, `jaustr`l` ùsfuźjè almfdtjbstèd u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu.


AMHBE_B\@G@LD KA_-d EMğ]JD[BAJM ]W_B[MAKM 4. Jdg`bjdfj` `jamhs srmĉm vs. KA_ pmr gdp`td hdb dftmrjdt`vj` pbhdzdtmfl` ź`vbtjbi stdjadrad ;. [mgms`ld u [C ` GMM zmeflded ‗ emĔujdrbajd hbepdrdg`ldWQDJB^J@ůQ^B MHBJBEWH@ [DWQ 7. ]tlmgdl amebirdnsh`c hrmtdjld jd crvdtshb ibspbadrstvbQ[ŵ@ůQM [DAD u [C 1. JmushfdĔmjbst pbtrmkd trź`Ťtd rdad ` bkrdzbvjbi sustdvd =. _rbkfme zdpbŤfldvdjld efda`c u [C

>. Hrmtdjlm rmdfj`c jdaj`gd ` trbŤhbvd rdad ‗ hbjhurmjtjbst crvdtshm rdajm sjdimBK[D\B^DJLM \JDJBWQ9. Djdf`zd usplmŤjbst` Kbfbjlshbi prbgmsd u [C (g`flmv`, bstvdrmjbst, prmpbzjdtfl`vbst a pfbed) 3. Kmspfdtjb v`sbhb bkrdzbvdjlm ‗ ad `f` jm2\A[D^WQ^MJ@ @ E@[B^@JWH@ W]WQD^ [C0. Wtruhturd bsiurdj`hd ` zadg` zd zardvstvb u [C4?. Barź`vbst crvdtshbi e`rbv`jshbi sustdvd (prbkfme`, prblmhg`lm, pbtmjg`ldfjm rmnbrem… _BFLB_[@^[MAD [][DFJ@ [D\^BL44. _mrspmht`vm crvdtshm pbflbpr`vrmam u M] (birdj`ąmjld, prbkfme`, pbibajbst`, prbgms pràruź`vdjld M], hbjhurmjtjbst) 4;. [urdfj` rdzvbl ‗ bpustbŤmjd smfd ` prmjdpuąmj` irdabv` @JA]WQ[@LWHD _BF@Q@HD47. @jstruemjt` pbt`gdjld `jaustr`lshbi rdzvbld u [CQ][@\DE u [C41. Qur`zde hdb tmemfl crvdtshm rdzvbljm strdtmi`lm4=. [dzv`lmjbst ` pbtmjg`ldf` smfmht`vj`c bkf`hd tur`zed u [C


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkm

bkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c zk`vdjld u abemj` crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd ` mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm.Jbs`t` jd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu prmav`Ĕmju zd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu `z hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdt` sme`jdrsh` rda, prmed badkrdjbl tme`, tm id sdebstdfjb `zfbź`t` prma bstdfè stuamjted. Dht`vjb ` hr`t`ąhb sualmfbvdjlm pr`f`hbe prmzmjtdg`lm aruic sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd (hrbz pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld ` advdjlm baibvbrd).



471

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd(up`sdt` ua`b u MGQWkbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj`krbl MGQW kbabvdbaibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)


?,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht





;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm `vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbejdstdvm ` jd zdvrŤjbe`sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbcdĔdjld sme`jdrshmjdstdvm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd, d jd tmemflu svblm dht`vjbst` (pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld, advdjld baibvbrd) t`lmhbe `zvm akm `

prmzmjtdg`lm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd arui`c stuamjdtd ebźm bstvdr`t` lbŤ abadtj`c edhsèdfjb 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd` jl`cbvm dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. _`sdj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jdp`sdj` sme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdj sme`jdrsh` rda, u shfdau s upu tded, stuamjtubebiuĉdvd stlmgdjlm ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd.7. _rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sdebstdfju prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrshbi rdad ebźm bstvdr`t`ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd, bv`sjb b hvdf`tmt` prmzmjtdg`lm.] hbjdąju bglmju `z sme`jdrshbi rdad ufdzm rmzuftdt` pbcdĔdjld ` dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, p`sdjbi a`lmfd rdad ` jlmibvmusemjm prmzmjtdg`lm.


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd





;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd(abstupjd u hjl`źj`g` `putme bstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl prèlmrdhd

u hjl`źj`g` Abstupjbst putme

bstdf`c ema`ld


;. Lmfmą [diuź, E. (;?47) Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ . Jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld`z hbfmi`ld ‚Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr



47=

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (utrmjuthu pr`ldvm zelmjd`/`f` abpujd stua`lshbidprbirded)

Kdr`ĉ, ^. ` dvrdh, ^. (;??=) Bsjbvm crvdtshbid ibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< E`hrbrda a.b.b. Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk. Irupd dutbrd, urmaj`h Aruź`ĉ, @. (;??7) Crvdtshb ibspbadrstvb. \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. Wdeumfsbj, _.D. Jbracdus, Y.A. (;??9) Mhbjbe`ld, S^@@@. @zadjlm, \dirmk< Edtm a.b.b. Ymrtcmèmr - Kdfmt`ĉ, D. (4000) Wtdjbvj`Ťtvb ` rdzvbl. \dirmk< EDQM a.b.b. EdfmŤmv`ĉ _mrbv`ĉ, F. (;?4?). F`nm Wdt`sndgt`bj `j Grbdt`d. Grbdt`dj Mgbjbe`g Wurvmy, 4; (4), str. 1=-34. Kdjhd edidz`j. _r blmht`, @jamhs srmĉm. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.kdjhdedidz`jm.cr/_rblmht`/@jamhssrm%g1%39m.dspx [daml, K. (;?44). Dftmrjdt`vm sbg`df wmfndrm emdsurms lust`ny dftmrjdt`vm wmfndrm abgtr`jms. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.samvdf.s`/dttdgcemjts/74?RDftmrjdt`vm%;?sbg`df%;?wmfndrm%;?emdsurms%;?%;3;9ldj44%;0.pan

Hbt`dj, L. (;?44). @s GMM kmttmr prmpdrma nbr tcm jmw stbre. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//rka.ab`jikus`jmss.rb/mj/9/ebst-rmgmjt-`ssum/4/>7=/`s-gmm-kmttmr-prmpdrma-nbr-tcm-jmw-stbre Hrzjdr, @. (;?44). @amjt`n`hdg`ld rdzabkfld rmgms`ld ` mhspdjz`ld u Crvdtshbl. @strdź`vdjld @-7; . _r`gmYdtmrcbusmGbbpmrs (;?4?). Nbrmìj A`rmgt @jvmstemjt @j Gmjtrdf dja Mdstmrj Murbpm< d Gdsm bn Kbbe dja Kust2

Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.pwg.rs/mjR[W/rs/pukf`gdt`bjs/dssmts/NA@`jGMM-N`jdf-rmpbrt-EdrgcR4?.pan E`cdflmh, A. (;??0). Qcm n`jdjg`df tureb`f `j gmjtrdf dja mdstmrj Murbpm dja n`sgdf pbf`gy `j Grbdt`d. Jmwsfmttmr @jst`tutd zd

ldvjm n`jdjg`lm. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.`ln.cr/mji/jmwsfmttmr/1?.pan ]j`Grma`t, Mgbjbe`gs dja N@/NS [msmdrgc (;?4?). GMM Tudrtmrfy. Abstujb jd<

cttp<//www.sgr`ka.gbe/abg/779=47=7/]j`grma`t-GMM-Tudrtmrfy-;?4?T7 Dhrdp, D., Ć`p`j, @. (;??>.)< Wbg`ldf`tmtj` stmr`f`tmt u Crvdtshbl ‗ zdŤtb seb jmbźmjlmj` ` jmuadjm, E`j`stdrstvb bk`tmfl`,

krdj`tmfld ` emĔuimjmrdg`lshm sbfàdrjbst`, \dirmk. Imfb, L. Dhrdp, D., Ć`p`j, @. (;??=)< Qmemfljm zjdądlhm rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld Crvdtshm (K`fdjgd ;?. stbflmĉd) E`j`stdrstvb

bk`tmfl`, krdj`tmfld emĔuimjmrdg`lshm sbfàdrjbst`. Dhrdp, DjĔmfhb (ur.) (;??7.) Ć`j`tmfl` amebirdnsh`c hrmtdjld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl. Arźdvj` zdvba zd zdŤt`tu bk`tmfl`,

edtmr`jstvd ` efdamź`, \dirmk. Dhrdp, D., Ć`p`j, @. (;?44.) \dpbsfmjbst źmjd ` nmrt`f`tmt. \dirmk< E`j`stdrstvb bk`tmfl` ` emĔuimjmrdg`lshm sbfàdrjbst`. Ymrtcmèmr-Kdfmt`ĉ, Df`gd (4000)< Wtdjbvj`Ťtvb ` rdzvbl. EDQM \dirmk AruŤtvmjd `strdź`vdjld, ^bf.;? Jb.4 (444) tmedtsh` krbl

Ir`zmfl, E.8 Dhrdp, D. (;??>) _rblmhg`lm stdjbvj`Ťtvd [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm< ;??1 ‗;?=4. \dirmk< Arźdvj` zdvba zd stdt`st`hu. Ddrbj, C. L. ` Brszdi _. [. Qcm @epdgt bn Dj Di`ji _bpufdt`bj. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.krbbh`jis.mau/ms/rmsmdrgc/prblmgts/kuaimt/n`sgdfsdj`ty/gcdptmr=.pan ŵ`v`ĉ, A. (;??7). Ambirdnshm barmaj`gm ` pbsflma`gm stdrmjld stdjbvj`Ťtvd Crvdtshm. [mv`ld zd sbg`ldfju pbf`t`hu , str. 7?9-740.

Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.rsp.cr/bls;/`jamx.pcp/rsp/drt`gfm/v`mwN`fm/4?9/444 Bkda`ĉ, D., & Webf`ĉ, ů. (;??9). Djdf`zd rdajbi hbjt`jimjtd ` mhbjbeshd dht`vjbst stdjbvj`Ťtvd Crvdtshm. Wmr`ld ąfdjdhd u

jdstdldjlu, kr. ?9-44 . Abstupjb jd< cttp<//wmk.mnzi.cr/rmpmg/pan/Gfdjdh%;??9-44.pan ůvdflmh, W. N`shdfjm pbsflma`gm stdrmjld stdjbvj`Ťtvd u Crvdtshbl. _ukf`hdg`lm Crvdtshbi zdvbad zd e`rbv`jshb bsìurdjlm.



47>

Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.e`rbv`jshb.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/pukf`hdg`lm/rmv ld/4?-44/7-;7.pan Dhrdp, D. (;??>) Dht`vj` bsìurdj`g` ` ue`rbvflmj`g` u Crvdtshbl< bąmh`vdj` trmjabv` ab ;?74. iba`jm. [mv`ld zd sbg`ldfju

pbf`t`hu 47 (;??>). Wtr. 4;9 ‗ 4=?. ůbŤ`ĉ, ^. (;??1). @spfdt` f` sm u Crvdtshbl ufdidt` u bkrdzbvdjlm2 _bvrdt ufdidjld u fluash` hdp`tdf hdb ndhtbr hbjhurmjtjbst`

fluash`c rmsursd. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.`ln.cr/hbjhurmjtjbst/sbs`g4.pan @jst`tut zd rdzvbl bkrdzbvdjld. @zvlmŤĉd pukf`hdg`lm. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.`rb.cr/cr/ldvjm-pbf`t`hm-v`sbhbi-

bkrdzbvdjld/v`sbhb-bkrdzbvdjlm-`-trz`stmrdad/`zvlmsgd-`-pukf`hdg`lm/ Kdk`ĉ, \., Edthbv`ĉ, Q., ůbŤ`ĉ, ^. (;??>.). Wtruhturjm prbelmjm v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld ` `scba` jd trź`Ťtu rdad. _r`vrmajd

hrmtdjld ` mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd ^bf.4>, Jb.3. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/`jamx.pcp2scbw5gfdjdh&àRgfdjdhRlmz`h5;3>3?

Kmldhbv`ĉ, _. (;??>.). ]fbid bkrdzbvjbi sustdvd u pbst`zdjlu zdpbŤfl`vbst` ` hbjhurmjtjbst` rdajm sjdim u Crvdtshbl.AruŤtvmjd strdź`vdjld, bf.4= Jb.7 (37). Abstupjb jd< cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/`jamx.pcp2scbw5gfdjdh&àRgfdjdhRlmz`h5;3=?3

@f`Ť`j, ^., _btbąj`h, A., EmjamŤ, @. (;??1.) ._bf`t`hm prmed efdaèd u bkrdzbvdjlu ` zdpbŤfldvdjlu, _bf`t`ąhd e`sdb, ^bf.1?Jb.7. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/`jamx.pcp2scbw5gfdjdh&àRgfdjdhRlmzh57>7>;

ůbŤ`ĉ,^. (;??7.). _rme`ld zd bkrdzbvdjlm ` ufdidjld u fluash` hdp`tdf u Crvdtshbl, N`jdjg`lshd tmbr`ld ` prdhsd, ^bf.;9 Jb.1. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/`jamx.pcp2scbw5gfdjdh&àRgfdjdhRlmz`h53043

FdkdŤ, A., ` G`kbg`, F., (;?4?). Kbfbjlsh` prbgms ` v`sbhb Ťhbfstvb ema`lshè bąèd. Jbvd pr`sutjbst 3, 7, str. 717-7>0.Abstupjb jd< cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/n`fm/0=79>

EfdĔmj, ^., (;?44). Kbfbjlsh` prbgms< trmkd f` jde rmnbred rmn bre`rdjbi sustdvd2 \dadrsh` f`st. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.zdadrsh`f`st.cr/gfdjg`/;3?>;?44/kbfbjlsh`prbgms-trmkd-f -jde-rmnbred-rmnbre`rdjbi-sustdvd

Jdg`bjdfjd zdhfdad zd zjdjbst, (;??0). _r`lmafbi `jst`tug`lshm strdtmi`lm zd uvbĔmjlm hur`hufued uselmrmjbi jdhbepmtmjg`lm u `j`g`ldfjbe bkrdzbvdjlu uą`tmfld ` jdstdvj`hd. _rblmht Jdg`bjdfjm zdhfdam zd zjdjbst «@scba` uąmjld ubkrdzbvdjlu uą`tmfld jdstdvj`hd¸. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//abeus.srgm.cr/ùbuj/èdims/abhuemjt`/pr`lmafbi-`jst`tug`lshm-strdtmi`lmùbuj%=K;?-;-?0%=Af.pan

Murbpmdj ]j`vmrs`ty Dssbg`dt`bj, (;??3). M]D pbf`gy pbs t`bj< Qcm nuturm bn tcm Kbfbijd _rbgmss pbst ;?4?. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.bja.vfddjamrmj.km/cbimrbjamrw`ls/kbfbijd/dgt bjf`jms/abguemjts/M]DR_bs`t`bjRKbfbijdR_bstR;?4?RWmpt?3.pan

Hmsjmr-ůhrmk, E., & Lbv`ĉ, @. (bźuldh ;?44). @jaustr`lshd pbf`t`hd ` arźdvjm pbtpbrm u Crvdtshbl. Jmwsfmttmr (==) . \dirmk<@jst`tut zd ldvjm n`jdjg`lm.

Qhdfmg, E., & ^`zmh, E. (;??0). ]tlmgdl edhrbmhbjbesh`c pbf`t`hd jd prmrdĔ`vdąhu `jaustr`lu u Crvdtshbl. _r`vrmajd hrmtdjld `

mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd (4;4). E`j`stdrstvb pbflbpr`vrmam, r`kdrstvd ` rurdfjbi rdzvbld (;?44). WtrdtmŤh` pfdj ;?4;.-;?41. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.eps.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/strdtmi`lm/;?44/Wtrdtm%G=%D4h`%;?pfdj%;?E_[[[%;?;?4;-;?41.pan E`j`stdrstvb pbflbpr`vrmam, r`kdrstvd rurdfjbi rdzvbld (;??9). Wtrdtmi`ld rurdfjbi rdzvbld [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm zd rdzabkflm

;??3.-;?47. iba`jm. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.eps.cr/amnduft.dspx2à57>=; E`j`stdrstvb tur`zed [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm (;?4?). WtrdtmŤh` pfdj e`j`stdrstvd tur`zed zd rdzabkflm ;?44.-;?47. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.e`jt.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/44?;4?-e`jt-44-47.pan ^fdad [C (;?4;) _r`lmafbi Wtrdtmi`lm rdzvbld tur`zed [C ab ;?;?. iba`jm. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.e`jt.cr/amnduft.dspx2à59097

http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=8918






479

Crvdtshd ibspbadrshd hbebrd www.cih.cr Ybrfa Qrdvmf & Qbur`se Gbujg f (;??0)< Qrdvmf & Qbur`se Mgbjbe`g @epdgt, Grbdt`d E`j`stdrstvb tur`zed [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm (;??3). Wtrdtmi`ld rdzvbld jdut`ąhbi tur`zed [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm zd rdzabkflm

;??0.-;?40. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.e`jt.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/?34;;1->4R?4.pan E`j`stdrstvb tur`zed [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. _rbirde hrma`t`rdjld smbshbi tur`zed, [dzvbl tur`zed jd smfu. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.e`jt.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/?0?1;;-prbirde-hrma`t`-s.pan [dkdr, A., & Kfdźmv`ĉ, W. (;?44). Bglmjd mn`hdsjbst` crvdtsh`c źupdj`ld u tur`zeu prèlmjbe djdf`zm bemĔ`vdjld pbadtdhd.

_r`vrmajd hrmtdjld ` mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd (4;9), str. ;=-==.

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjldhvdf`tmtm hbl` bsìurdvdlustlmgdjlm zfdzj`c zjdjld,vlmŤt`jd hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld ` advdjlme baibvbrd, d pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe sdebstdfjm `zrdam` prmzmjt`rdjld rdad. Q`lmhbe `zvrŤmjld sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, abk`vmjbi ba prmaemtjbi jdstdvj`hd, bajbsjb pr` p`sdjlu rdad,stuamjtèd lm ba jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld `hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd, d pbtrmkj`c zd hvdf`tmtdj pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, `zrda` rdad hdb ` jlmibvbl

prmzmjtdg`l`.] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu jdstdvj`hd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, b dht`vjbst`stuamjdtd, rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` `zrda` sme`jdrshbi rdad tm pr`f`hbe jlmibvm prmzmjtdg`lm.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, d pbsmk`gm jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvustuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujmstua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



473

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld Edr`b updj, a`pf. bmg. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7? _ + 7? ^



4.





-




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s bsjbvjè rdąujbvbastvmjè pblebvèd, pbsfbvjè hjlìded pbauzmtj`hd,prdv`fèd mvàmjt`rdjld pbsfbvj`c prbelmjd u pbsfbvjè hjlìded pbauzmtj`hd tm n`jdjg`lshè `zvlmŤtdlèd pbauzmtj`hd. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd prmpbzjdvdjlm mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld sdebstdfjb sdstdvfldjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld.


Jmed uvlmtd



Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< `jtmrprmt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm mvàmjg`lm abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm, zjdądlhm ldvj`c

n`jdjg`ld ` n`jdjg`lshm dht`vjbst` pbauzmtj`hd Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c

suklmhdtd badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j gu tvrthm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @, ebĉ`<

bp`sdt` ndzm rdąujbvbastvmjbi prbgmsd

amn`j`rdt` pbsfbvjm abidĔdlm

bp`sdt` hjlìbvbastvmjm `sprdvm ` pbsfbvjm hjlìm pbauzmtj`hd



470

amn`j`rdt` hjlìbvbastvmj` hbjtb ` bp`sdt` hbjtj` pfdj

rdzf`hbvdt` prdv`fd mvàmjt`rdt` jd hbjtèd dht`vm ` pds`vm, pr`cbad ` rdscbad

bp`sdt`, `zrda`t` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm

prmpbzjdt` ` bkldsj`t` mfmemjtm n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld

bp`sdt` pbstupdh jvmjturm

prbvmst` sprdvdh hjlìbvbastvmj`c pbirmŤdhd

rdzf`hbvdt` hr`tmr`lm vrmajbvdjld mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm_bv`lmsj` rdzvbl ` struhturd rdąujbvbastvd (1 sdt`)

;. [dąujbvbastvmjd jdąmfd ` stdjadra` hdb bhv`r n`jdjg`lshbi `zvlmŤtdvdjld

\dhbj b rdąujbvbastvb (1 sdtd) 7. Bk`flmźld, sdarźdl ` ndzm rdąujbvbastvmjbi prbgmsd Hjlìbvbastvmjm sprdvm, pbsfbvjm hjlìm, amn`j`g`ld ` vrstm hjlìbvbastvmj`c rdąujd/hbjtd, rdąujsh` (hbjtj`) pfdj (1 sdtd)

1. N`jdjg`lsh` zvlmŤtdl` pbauzmtj`hd _blde n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld, sdarźdl ` mfmemjt` n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld, prdv`fd mvàmjt`rdjld jd rdąujèd (hbjtèd) (1 sdtd)

=. K`fdjgdK`fdjąjm pbz`g`lm, mfmemjt` n`jdjg`lshbi pbfbźdld, k`fdjąjd lmajdaźkd (1 sdtd)

>. Mfmemjt` usplmŤjbst` pbsfbvdjld _rèlmr` hjl`źmjld jd Q hbjtèd (1 sdtd)

9. Wdstdvfldjlm k`fdjgmBtvdrdjlm pbąmtj`c stdjld, mvàmjt`rdjlm pbsfbvj`c abidĔdld, zdhfluądh hbjtd, sdstdvfldjlm k`fdjgm, k`fdjąjm prbelmjm (1

sdtd)3. [dąuj abk`t` ` iuk`thd

_bvmzdjbst k`fdjgm ` rdąujd abk`t` ` iuk`thd, sdarźdl rdąujd abk`t` ` iuk`thd, emtbam sdstdvfldjld rdąujd abk`t` ` iuk`thd (1 sdtd)

0. @zvlmŤtdl b jbvądjbe t`lmhu Jbvądj` prè`g` ` `zadg`, dht`vjbst`, emtbam `zvlmŤtdvdjld (1 sdtd)

4?. Mvàmjt`rdjlm pbsfbvj`c abidĔdld (1 sdtd) 44. Wdstdvfldjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld (1 sdtd) 4;. _rmazdhfluąjm rdajlm

@jvmjturd, hjlìbvbastvmjm pbirmŤhm, krutbk`fdjgd (1 sdtd) 47. [dąujbvbastvmj` jnbredg`lsh` sustdv

@jtmrjd hbjtrbfd, rmv`z`ld (; sdtd)41. @zvlmŤtdl b prbelmjded ifdvj`gm

Wtruhturd hdp`tdfd, rdąujbvbastvmjm pbf`t`hm, k`flmŤhm uz n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm, vrmajbvdjlm mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c`zvlmŤtdld (1 sdtd)

4=. Hbr`sj`g` rdąujbvbastvmj`c jnbredg`ld



41?

Hvdf`tmtjd bk`flmźld rdąujbvbastvd (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<




Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu hbjtj` pfdj, k`flmźj`gu hdfhufdtbr


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4,= _`sdj` `sp`t _rblmht




]semj` `sp`t Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (bstdfb up`sdt`)


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld jd pfbą` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbzdht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 7 ab 4= kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4,; ` 7 (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9= kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` svdtr` hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld< Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` 4? kbabvd

Abedĉm zdadĉm 4= kbabvd


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmj



414

p`sdj` a`b `sp`td.



JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Ardź`ĉ Fut`fshy, @. mt df. (;?4? ) [dąujbvbastvb. \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gdrdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.Ardź`ĉ Fut`fshy, @. mt df. (;?4?) [dąujbvbastvb-pr`ruąj`h zd vlmźkm. \dirmk< Crvdtshdzdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd ` n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd. Hbjtj` pfdj zd tribvdąhd aruŤtvd ` bstdfm bkvmzj`hm pbrmzd jd abk`t, ;?4?. \dirmk<

Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd ` n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

cttp<//www.vup.cr/

Kuaè`r, ^. (;??0) ‚[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @ ‗ shr`ptd‖, rmgmjz`rdj` jdstdvj`tmhst prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` `z prmaemtd "[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @" bkldvflmjjd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, ]AH >=9(?9=.3)

cttp<//www.vup.cr/


Whup`jd dutbrd (;??>) [dąujbvbastvb tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd uz prèlmju EmĔujdrbaj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c stdjadradn`jdjg`lshbi `zvlmŤtdvdjld ` pbrmzj`c prbp`sd. \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd ` n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

Whup`jd dutbrd (2222) [dąujbvbastvb pbauzmtj`hd s prèlmrèd hjl`źmjld. \dirmk< [[`N-_fus.

Amąedj, J. (;?47) Cdrebj`zdg`ld ` stdjadra`zdg`ld n`jdjg`lshbi `zvlmŤtdvdjld edf`c ` srmajl`c pbauzmĉd. \dirmk< Crvdtshdzdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd ` n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

Ćdsbp`s`< 4. [dąujbvbastvb n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) ;. [dąujbvbastvb, rmv`z`ld n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) 7. N`jdjg`lm ` pbrmz` (www.tmk.cr )

\dhbjsh` ` pbazdhbjsh` prbp`s`<4. \dhbj b rdąujbvbastvu ;. _rdv`fj`h b struhtur` ` sdarźdlu iba`Ťjl`c n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld 7. EmĔujdrbaj` rdąujbvbastvmj` stdjadra` 1. EmĔujdrbaj` stdjadra` n`jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld

=. Crvdtsh` stdjadra` n`jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe jd pfbą` prmabstdfè stuamjtèd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usp lmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f`

http://www.rif.hr/

http://www.rif.hr/

http://www.rif.hr/

http://www.rif.hr/

http://www.rif.hr/

http://www.rif.hr/

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http://www.teb.hr/

http://www.teb.hr/

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http://www.rif.hr/



41;




417

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM



4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldMhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+4=^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s bsjbvjè mhbjbeshè pblebvèd s hblèd sm mhbjbe`st` susrmĉu usvdhbajmvjbe pbsfbvdjlu pbauzmĉd, d hbl` su jmbpcbajd pbafbid zd rdzue`lmvdjlm prbkfmedt`hm hbld sm prbuądvd upbsmkjè mhbjbeshè prmaemtèd. G`fl lm stlmgdjlm jmbpcbaj`c vlmŤt`jd zd mhbjbeshu djdf`zu hfluąj`c prbkfmed edf`cpbauzmtj`hd. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd abjbŤmjlm bptèdfj`c pbsfbvj`c bafuhd u ibspbadrshè suklmhtèd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ` ufdzjmhbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


- stmĉ` vlmŤt`jm hbr`Ťtmjld dfdtd pbtrmkj`c zd mhbjbeshu djdf`zu hfluąj`c prbkfmed u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu edf`cpbauzmtj`hd abjbŤmjlm bptèdfj`c pbsfbvj`c bafuhd

- prè`lmj`t` stmąmjm vlmŤt`jm u shfdau s zdhbjshbe rmiufdt`vbe u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu - hvdjt`tdt`vjb uspbrma`t` pbsfbvdjlm s hbjhurmjtjè suklmhtèd, bajbsjb smhtbrbe u bhv`ru hblmi suklmht pbsfulm- djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshè

pbauzmĉèd pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst` - hvdjt`tdt`vjb vrmajbvdt` bafuhm bpmrdt`vjbi hdrdhtmrd u jmprmavà`vè uvlmtèd pbsfbvjbi bhruźmjld - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp td `z hbfmi`ld Mhbjbehd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @, ebĉ`<



411

hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld) scvdt`t` ` bkldsj`t` pbjdŤdjlm ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd, jl`cbvu bridj`zdg`lu ` bkf`hm uaruź`vdjld

rdzuelmt` prmauvlmtm usplmŤjbi pbsfbvdjld pbauzmĉd ` prèlmju t`c prmauvlmtd

prmpbzjdt` ` djdf`z`rdt` ąèkmj`hm pbsfbvdjld pbauzmĉd, hvdjt`n`g`rdt` `c ` abj`lmt` bptèdfjm pbsfbvjm bafuhm

prmpbzjdt` vrstm trbŤhbvd, `zrdąujdt` trbŤhbvm bptèdfjb `c hbek`j`rdt`

`zrda`t` hdfhufdg`lu g`lmjm hbŤtdjld prèlmjbe emtbad zd bkrdąuj trbŤhbvd ` `zdkrdt` jdlpbibaj`lu emtbau

rdzavbl`t` trbŤhbvm ` prbg`lmj`t` utlmgdl pblma`jbi trbŤhd jd g`lmju hbŤtdjld

upbzjdt` sm sd ebiuĉjbstèd hbr`Ťtmjld dfdtd, hbl` prmastdvfldlu jmbpcbaju pbafbiu zd pr`prmedjlm bafuhd uibspbadrshè suklmhtèd, u prdhs`

stmĉ` vlmŤt`jm hbr`Ťtmjld dfdtd pbtrmkj`c zd mhbjbeshu djdf`zu hfluąj`c prbkfmed edf`c pbauzmtj`hd ` abjbŤmjlm bptèdfj`c pbsfbvj`c bafuhd


d. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. Qmbr`ld pbauzmĉd. _rbuądvdjlm pbjdŤdjld ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd._rmajbst` ` jmabstdg` ubk`ądlmj`c bkf`hd pbsfbvjm bridj`zdg`lm (`jbhbsj` vfdsj`g`, brtdŤtvd ` hbrpbrdg`lm). Edfd ` vmf`hdpbauzmĉd (ldvjm ` pr`vdtjm hbrpbrdg`lm, bkf`g` hbjgmjtrdg`lm ` hbbpmrdg`lm, hbjifbemrdt`, cbfa`ji pbauzmĉd, arźdvjdpbauzmĉd).k. _rmaemt pbsfbvdjld pbauzmĉd. G`flmv` pbauzmĉd. _blde ` jdąmfd pbsfbvdjld. _blde ` vrstm pbsfbvjm pbf`t`hm.Wustdv pbsfbvjbi bafuą`vdjld. _fdj`rdjlm pbsfbvdjld. ^rstm pfdjbvd. _rmauvlmt` usplmŤjbi rdad pbauzmĉd. Qrź`Ťj`mhbjbesh` sustdv. ]fbid prbn`td u trź`Ťjbe sustdvu. Bkf`g` trź`Ťjm struhturm.g. Ćèkmj`g` pbsfbvdjld pbauzmĉd. Fluash` rda. _bauzmtj`Ťtvb. _rbuądvdjlm rdad. [dajm jbrem. _fdĉdjlm rdad. a. Wrmastvd zd prb`zvbajlu. _blde ` bkf`g` stdfjc srmastdvd. ^r`lmajbst stdfj`c srmastdvd. _blde, vrstm ` vmf`ą`jd hdpdg`tmtd.Barźdvdjlm srmastdvd zd rda. \delmjd srmastdvd zd rda. ]tvrĔ`vdjlm prdid hbr`sjbst`.m. _blde ` vrstm prmaemtd rdad. Jbredt`v` edtmr`ldfd. Bptèdf`zdg`ld zdf`cd prmaemtd rdad. Mhbjbehd tuĔ`c usfuid, n. _blde ` bkf`g` bkrtj`c srmastdvd. Hbmn`g`lmjt` bkrtdjld srmastdvd. F`hvàjbst srmastdvd. Wbfvmjtjbst pbauzmĉd. i. _blde ` bkf`g` prb`zvbajm nujhg`lm. ]hupj`, prbslmąj` ` irdj`ąj` prb`zvba. Hbek`j`rdjlm ą`j`tmfld rdajbi prbgmsd.c. Qmbr`ld trbŤhbvd. _blde trbŤhbvd. Mhbjbeshb ` rdąujbvbastvmjb pbèdjlm trbŤhbvd. _r`rbajm vrstm trbŤhbvd. @zrdvj`(a`rmhtj`) ` bpĉ` trbŤhbv`. QrbŤhbv` pb elmstèd jdstdldjld ` jbs`bgèd. Wtvdrj`, pfdjsh` ` stdjadraj` trbŤhbv`. Ćèkmj`g` hb l`barmĔulu v`s`ju trbŤhbvd. G`lmjm hdb ąèkmj`h trbŤhbvd. ]tlmgdl hbf`ą`jm mfmemjdtd prb`zvbajlm jd v`s`ju trbŤhbvd. ]tlmgdlstupjld zdpbsfmjbst` jd trbŤhbvm (hbmn`g`lmjt` rmdi`k`fjbst`). Edtmr`ldfj` trbŤhbv`. `. _blde ` nujhg`lm debrt`zdg`lm. [mvdfbr`zdg`ld debrt`zdg`lm. Bsjbv`gd ` stbpm debrt`zdg`lm. Emtbam bkrdąujd debrt`zdg`lm.QrbŤhbv` barźdvdjld stdfj`c srmastdvd. QrbŤhbv` rdad. Wtdfj` (n`hsj`) trbŤhbv`. @shbr`Ťtmj` ` jm`shbr`Ťtmj` stdfj` trbŤhbv`.[mfdt`vjb-n`hsj` trbŤhbv`. _rbelmjfl`v` (vdr`ldk`fj`) trbŤhbv`. [medjmjg`ld trbŤhbvd.

l. ]hupj` ` prbslmąj` (lma`j`ąj`) trbŤhbv`. F`jmdrjd ` jmf`jmdrjd nujhg`ld uhupj`c trbŤhbvd. [dzirdj`ądvdjlm trbŤhbvdjd n`hsjm ` vdr`ldk`fjm.h. QrbŤhbv` ` hdfhufdg`lm. Irdj`ąjm mhbjbeshm vmf`ą`jm. _blde, bk`flmźld ` `zrdąujdvdjlm irdj`ąj`c trbŤhbvd. QrbŤhbv` `pr`cba` (tbąhd pbhr`ĉd trbŤhbvd). Bptèdf`zdg`ld bkuled prb`zvbajlm. Bafuhm b zdpbą`jldjlu ` jdpuŤtdjlu almfdtjbst`. f. Emtbam bkrdąujd trbŤhbvd. _blde ` jdąmfd `zrdam hdfhufdg`lm. ^rstm ` emtbam hdfhufdg`lm. Wtruhturd hdfhufdg`lm. Bk`ąjd,sfbźmjd ` v`Ťmndzjd almfàkmjd hdfhufdg`ld.e. Almfàkmjd hdfhufdg`ld s mhv`vdfmjtjè krblmvèd. \krbljd ` rdŤąfdjlmjd abadtjd hdfhufdg`ld. j. Hdfhufdg`ld vmzdj`c prb`zvbad. Hdfhufdg`ld jd tmemflu vdr`ldk`fj`c trbŤhbvd.



41=

b. Emtbam rdzavdldjld trbŤhbvd.




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


- _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` - Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu- _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld- Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr





Hbfbhv`l` 4 Wme`jdrsh` rda _rbkfmesh` zdadtdh



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. [lmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) [lmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ` jlmibvd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjthrbz rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ebźm bstvdr`t` 4? kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 3? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, r`lmŤmjbi prbkfmeshbi zdadthd ` pbcdĔdjlm jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` 4? kbabvd _rbkfmesh` zdadtdh 4? kbabvd





41>



JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Hdr`ĉ, E. (;??=), Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmĉd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh ;;

Avbrsh`, W., [uźd, N. ` HbvŤgd, ^. (;??9), _bsfbvjd mhbjbe`ld, Ndhuftmt bridj`zdg`lm` `jnbredt`hm ` Q@^D, ^drdźa`j

=


Wdjt`j`, @. (400=), E`hrbmhbjbe`hd, C@K@W, \dirmkLmfdv`ĉ, [dvf`ĉ, _., Wtdrąmv`ĉ, D. ` Wdedjbv`ĉ, L. (4007), Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmĉd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u \dirmku, \dirmkJbvdh, K. (4000), N`jdjg`lshd trź`Ťtd jst`tug`lm, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh_dvfbv`ĉ, L., ůhrt`ĉ, E. (4009), E`hrbmhbjbe`hd, E`hrbrda a.b.b, \dirmk_yja`gh, [. W., [uk`jnmfa, A. F. (;??4), E`grbmgbjbe`gs, _rmjt`gm Cdff, Jmw LmrsmyWdeumfsbj, _., Jbracdus, Y. (;???), Mhbjbe`ld, EDQM, \dirmk


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, s jdifdshbe jd pr`lmafbim stuamjdtd zd `zrdau pbsmkj`czdadtdhd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` `zrdabe zdadtdhd jdhbj prbvmamjbi hbfbhv`ld rda` bthfdjldjld jmldsjbĉd ùpbtpujldvdjld zjdjld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pb trmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



419

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ 4.9.Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW)

=

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldN`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7+?+?+?

4.7. Wurdaj`g`- 4.0.[dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.

rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bjf`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj`

stua`l)


4.4?.[maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sd

hbfmi`ld

4


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld; 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`

abpujd prbirded hbfmi`ldedjlm ba ;?% v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldBsjbvj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s tmemfljè tmre`jèd ` prbgmsèd u crvdtshbe n`jdjg`lshbe sustdvu `zjdądlhded ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjm pbf`t`hm. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd stlmgdjlm zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąlu ldvj`c,ebjmtdrjb hrma`tj`c, bsbkj`c ` pbsfbvj`c n`jdjg`ld


]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4 uhfluąulu<

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c mhbjbesh`c ` n`jdjg`lsh`c pblebvd,

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c tmre`jd,

pbzjdvdjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld pbauzmtj`hd.


4. ]pbtr`lmk`t` rdąujbvbastvmjm pbadthm u svrcu uprdvfldjld n`jdjg`lded ` abjbŤmjld pbsfbvj`c bafuhd.

;. hvdjt`tdt`vjb pbaupr`lmt` n`jdjg`lshb bafuą`vdjlm 7. bse`sf`t` hbjhrmtjd rlmŤmjld prbkfmed `z struhm rdamĉ` sdebstdfjb `/`f` u tèu

1. prm`sp`tdt` kuauĉm pbsfbvdjlm pdźjlbe abkrbi ibspbadrstvmj`hd

=. sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

>. prbg`lmj`t` ufbiu n`jdjg`lshbi emjdaźemjtd ` prèlmju stdt`ąh`c ` a`jde`ąh`c emtbad jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd 9. `jtmrprmt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm mvàmjg`lm abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm, zjdądlhm ldvj`c

n`jdjg`ld ` n`jdjg`lshm dht`vjbst` pbauzmtj`hd3. djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c



413

suklmhdtd

;.1 Bąmh`vdj` `scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4, ebĉ`<

4. _rbsuĔ`vdt` mfmemjtm n`shdfjbi sustdvd u [C;. ]spbrma`t` ` r dzedtrdt` `jstruemjtm ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjm pbf`t`hm tm `jstruemjtm trź`Ťtd jbvgd ` trź`Ťtd hdp`tdfd 7. Bglmjl`vdt` rdzf`ą`tm n`jdjg`lshm bpg`lm uzèdluĉ` u bkz`r hr`tmr`l vrmemjshm vr`lmajbst` jbvgd 1. ]prdvfldt` svè hbepbjmjtded bkrtjbi hdp`tdfd u pbauzmĉu =. ]pbtr`lmk`t` emtbam n`jdjg`lshbi bafuą`vdjld pr`f`hbe zkbrd bpg`ld n`jdjg`rdjld>. ]spbrma`t` bajbs r`z`hd ` pbvrdtd pr` n`jdjg`lshbe bafuą`vdjlu. 9. _rbg`lmj`t` auibvm ` vfdsj`ąhm vr`lmajbsjm pdp`rm 3. _rmpbruą`t` rdzf`ą`tm n`jdjg`lshm bpg`lm 0. Bafuą`vdt` b bptèdfjbe zvbru n `jdjg`rdjld

4?. ]pbtr`lmk`t` stmąmjd zjdjld u abjbŤmjlu n`jdjg`lsh`c bafuhd - n`jdjg`rdjld ` `jvmst`rdjld44. @zvrŤ`t` n`jdjg`lshm prbrdąujm dpf`hdg`lbe n`jdjg`lsh`c nujhg`ld u bhv`ru Mxgmfd

;.= Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmjprmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm

4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm , ]pbzjdvdjlm s pblebe ` nujhg`lbe n`jdjg`ld tm vrstded n`jdjg`ld,

[dzirdj`ąmjlm pblebvd ldvj`c, ebjmtdrjb-hrma`tj`c, pbsfbvj`c, bsbkj`c ` emĔujdrbaj`c n`jdjg`ld (7 sdtd) ;. [dzvbl ` vrstm jbvgd, suvrmemj` jbvądj` sustdv, trda`g`bjdfj` bkf`g` jbvgd, hbv`jsh` jbvdg, pdp`rj` jbvdg, ampbz`tj`

jbvdg, jbvądj` sustdv [C, jbvądj` sustdv M], hrma`tj` jbvdg, suvrmemj` jdą`j` pfdĉdjld (7 sdtd) 7. Ldvjm n`jdjg`lm, n`shdfjd pbf`t`hd, ldvj` pr`cba` ` rdscba`, pbrmzj` bkf`g` u [C, prbrdąuj (7 sdtd)

1. Ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjd pbf`t`hd, `jstruemjt` ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjm pbf`t`hm, kdjhdrshb pbsfbvdjlm, vrstm kdjdhd, dht`vj` `

pds`vj` kdjhdrsh` pbsfbv` (7 sdtd)

=. N`jdjg`lsh` sustdv, g`flmv` ` zdadg` n`jdjg`lshbi sustdvd, pblde n`jdjg`lshm `jtmrema`ldg`lm (7 sdtd)

>. Qrź`Ťtm jbvgd ` trź`Ťtm hdp`tdfd, `jstruemjt` jd trź`Ťtu jbvgd ` hdp`tdfd (7 sdtd) 9. N`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm n`jdjg`lshd trź`Ťtd, Ampbz`tjm jmampbz`tjm n`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm, emĔujdrbajm n`jdjg`lshm

`jst`tug`lm (7 sdtd)

3. ]vba u pbsfbvjm n`jdjg`lm (g`flmv` pbsfbvdjld pbauzmĉd, ufbid n`jdjg`lsh`c edjdimrd) (7 sdtd)

0. _blde vrmemjshm vr`lmajbst` jbvgd, Kuauĉd ` sdadŤjld vr`lmajbst jbvgd, a`shbjt`rdjlm ` uhdedĉ`vdjlm (7 sdtd)

4?. @spbaiba`Ťjlm uhdedĉ`vdjlm ` a`shbjt`rdjlm, hbjnbrej` ` rmfdt`vj` bkrdąuj hdedtd (7 sdtd) 44. @zvbr` n`jdjg`rdjld, n`jdjg`rdjlm `z vfdst`t`c ` tuĔ`c `zvbrd (7 sdtd) 4;. Auibrbąjb ` hrdthbrbąjb n`jdjg`rdjlm, hbepdrdt`vjd djdf`zd rdzf`ą`t`c bkf`hd n`jdjg`rdjld - @jvmst`g`lsh` hrma`t`, fmds`ji

(7 sdtd)

47. N`jdjg`rdjlm vr`lmajbsjè pdp`rèd< bkvmzj`gm, a`bj`gm (7 sdtd)

41. Nujademjtdfjd ` tmcj`ąhd djdf`zd (7 sdtd) 4=. _rèlmjd mxgmfd u n`jdjg lshè `zrdąujèd, n`jdjg`lshm nujhg`lm u mxgmfu (7 sdtd)



410

;.> ^rstm zvbĔmjld jdstdvm<



(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9 Hbemjtdr`<

;.3 Bkvmzm stuamjdtd

b _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk`

b Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu

b _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` rlmŤdvdjlm jd pfbą`

b Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr

;.0 _rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)




Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm (bstdfbup`sdt`)

?,=

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4 ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.4? Bglmjl`vdjlm vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jd

zdvrŤjbe sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4=kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld jd pfbą` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbzdht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab = kbabvd. 7. \dfdidjlm jd jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wtuamjt` hbl` dht`vjb sualmfulu u jdstdv`, rlmŤdvdlu prdht`ąjm sfuądlmvm, abjbsm zdhfluąhm `z djdf`z`rdj`c jdstdvj`c tmed tm

jdvmamjb prmzmjt`rdlu prma bstdfè stuamjtèd ebiu bstvdr`t` ba 4-4? kbabvd1. Hbfbhv`l` 4` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`tàvd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4= kbabvd



4=?

;. Abedĉm zdadĉm = kbabvd 7. \dfdidjlm jd jdstdv` 4? kbabvd1. Hbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvdBglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfb źmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

;.44 Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjd uhjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

^àuą`ĉ, Fl. (;?44) N`jdjg`lsh` emjdaźemjt , ^@@ abpujlmjb ` `ze`lmjlmjb `zadjlm,

[[`N - pfus, \dirmk 7

ûh`ąmv`ĉ, E. (;??>) N`jdjg`lm pbauzmĉd, Ibfamj edrhmt`ji ‗ Qmcj`ąhd hjlìd,\dirmk

>

Wdujamrs, D. (;??>) N`jdjg`lshd trź`Ťtd ` `jst`tug`lm < ebamrjb v`Ĕmjlm, _bsfbvjàjmvj`h Edsema`d, \dirmk

1

_btj`h Idf`ĉ, H. (;??0) ‚N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @ ‗ shr`ptd‖, jdstdvj` tmhstprmadvdjld ` vlmźk` `z prmaemtd "N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @" bkldvflmj jd wmkstrdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr/

;.4; Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd stua`lshbidprbirded)

Brsdi, W. (400>) N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm8 C`td Gbjsuft`ji, zdirmk

Brsdi, W. (;??;) Kuaźmt`rdjlm hdp`tdfd, Edsema`d, \dirmk

Fmhb, ^. (4007 ) Whr`ptd - N`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm ` trź`Ťtd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. ^dj Cbrjm,L.G.(4009) N`jdjg`lshb uprdvfldjlm ` pbf`t`hd (N`jdjg`lsh` emjmaźemjt), EDQM a.b.b., \dirmk,

;.47 Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`czjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe jd pfbą` prmabstdfè stuamjtèd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst ` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld). Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd `hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm

`zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`,zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd



4=4

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldN`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4 - sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) ?+?+4+?

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

- 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

4


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld; 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`

abpujd prbirded hbfmi`ldedjlm ba ;?% v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldBsjbvj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s tmemfljè tmre`jèd ` prbgmsèd u crvdtshbe n`jdjg`lshbe sustdvu `zjdądlhded ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjm pbf`t`hm. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd stlmgdjlm zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąlu ldvj`c,ebjmtdrjb hrma`tj`c, bsbkj`c ` pbsfbvj`c n`jdjg`ld



hbfmi`l

]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4uhfluąulu<

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c mhbjbesh`c ` n`jdjg`lsh`c pblebvd,

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c tmre`jd,

pbzjdvdjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld pbauzmtj`hd.


4. ]pbtr`lmk`t` rdąujbvbastvmjm pbadthm u svrcu uprdvfldjld n`jdjg`lded ` abjbŤmjld pbsfbvj`c bafuhd.

;. hvdjt`tdt`vjb pbaupr`lmt` n`jdjg`lshb bafuą`vdjlm

7. bse`sf`t` hbjhrmtjd rlmŤmjld prbkfmed `z struhm rdamĉ` sdebstdfjb `/`f` u tèu

1. prm`sp`tdt` kuauĉm pbsfbvdjlm pdźjlbe abkrbi ibspbadrstvmj`hd

=. sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

>. prbg`lmj`t` ufbiu n`jdjg`lshbi emjdaźemjtd ` prèlmju stdt`ąh`c ` a`jde`ąh`c emtbad jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd



4=;

9. `jtmrprmt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm mvàmjg`lm abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm, zjdądlhm ldvj`cn`jdjg`ld ` n`jdjg`lshm dht`vjbst` pbauzmtj`hd

3. djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj jdp`sdjbi ` prmzmjt`rdjbi sme`jdrshbi rdad `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4, ebĉ`<

4. _rbsuĔ`vdt` mfmemjtm n`shdfjbi sustdvd u [C;. ]spbrma`t` ` r dzedtrdt` `jstruemjtm ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjm pbf`t`hm tm `jstruemjtm trź`Ťtd jbvgd ` trź`Ťtd hdp`tdfd 7. Bglmjl`vdt` rdzf`ą`tm n`jdjg`lshm bpg`lm uzèdluĉ` u bkz`r hr`tmr`l vrmemjshm vr`lmajbst` jbvgd 1. ]prdvfldt` svè hbepbjmjtded bkrtjbi hdp`tdfd u pbauzmĉu =. ]pbtr`lmk`t` emtbam n`jdjg`lshbi bafuą`vdjld pr`f`hbe zkbrd bpg`ld n`jdjg`rdjld>. ]spbrma`t` bajbs r`z`hd ` pbvrdtd pr` n`jdjg`lshbe bafuą`vdjlu.

9. _rbg`lmj`t` auibvm ` vfdsj`ąhm vr`lmajbsjm pdp`rm 3. _rmpbruą`t` rdzf`ą`tm n`jdjg`lshm bpg`lm 0. Bafuą`vdt` b bptèdfjbe zvbru n `jdjg`rdjld 4?. ]pbtr`lmk`t` stmąmjd zjdjld u abjbŤmjlu n`jdjg`lsh`c bafuhd - n`jdjg`rdjld ` `jvmst`rdjld44. @zvrŤ`t` n`jdjg`lshm prbrdąujm dpf`hdg`lbe n`jdjg`lsh`c nujhg`ld u bhv`ru Mxgmfd


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm , ]pbzjdvdjlm s pblebe ` nujhg`lbe n`jdjg`ld tm vrstded n`jdjg`ld,

[dzirdj`ąmjlm pblebvd ldvj`c, ebjmtdrjb-hrma`tj`c, pbsfbvj`c, bsbkj`c ` emĔujdrbaj`c n`jdjg`ld (4 sdt)

;. [dzvbl ` vrstm jbvgd, suvrmemj` jbvądj` sustdv, trda`g`bjdfj` bkf`g` jbvgd, hbv`jsh` jbvdg, pdp`rj` jbvdg, ampbz`tj`jbvdg, jbvądj` sustdv [C, jbvądj` sustdv M], hrma`tj` jbvdg, suvrmemj` jdą`j` pfdĉdjld (4 sdt)

7. Ldvjm n`jdjg`lm, n`shdfjd pbf`t`hd, ldvj` pr`cba` ` rdscba`, pbrmzj` bkf`g` u [C, prbrdąuj (4 sdt)

1. Ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjd pbf`t`hd, `jstruemjt` ebjmtdrjb hrma`tjm pbf`t`hm, kdjhdrshb pbsfbvdjlm, vrstm kdjdhd, dht`vj` `

pds`vj` kdjhdrsh` pbsfbv` (4 sdt)

=. N`jdjg`lsh` sustdv, g`flmv` ` zdadg` n`jdjg`lshbi sustdvd, pblde n`jdjg`lshm `jtmrema`ldg`lm (4 sdt)

>. Qrź`Ťtm jbvgd ` trź`Ťtm hdp`tdfd, `jstruemjt` jd trź`Ťtu jbvgd ` hdp`tdfd (4 sdt)

9. N`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm ` n`jdjg`lshd trź`Ťtd, Ampbz`tjm ` jmampbz`tjm n`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm, emĔujdrbajm n`jdjg`lshm

`jst`tug`lm (4 sdt)

3. ]vba u pbsfbvjm n`jdjg`lm (g`flmv` pbsfbvdjld pbauzmĉd, ufbid n`jdjg`lsh`c edjdimrd) (4 sdt)

0. _blde vrmemjshm vr`lmajbst` jbvgd, Kuauĉd ` sdadŤjld vr`lmajbst jbvgd, a`shbjt`rdjlm ` uhdedĉ`vdjlm (4 sdt)

4?. @spbaiba`Ťjlm uhdedĉ`vdjlm ` a`shbjt`rdjlm, hbjnbrej` ` rmfdt`vj` bkrdąuj hdedtd (4 sdt)

44. @zvbr` n`jdjg`rdjld, n`jdjg`rdjlm `z vfdst`t`c ` tuĔ`c `zvbrd (4 sdt)

4;. Auibrbąjb ` hrdthbrbąjb n`jdjg`rdjlm, hbepdrdt`vjd djdf`zd rdzf`ą`t`c bkf`hd n`jdjg rdjld - @jvmst`g`lsh` hrma`t`,

fmds`ji (4 sdt)

47. N`jdjg`rdjlm vr`lmajbsjè pdp`rèd< bkvmzj`gm, a`bj`gm (4 sdt)



4=7

41. Nujademjtdfjd ` tmcj`ąhd djdf`zd (4 sdt)

4=. _rèlmjd mxgmfd u n`jdjg`lshè `zrdąujèd, n`jdjg`lshm nujhg`lm u mxgmfu (4 sdt)



sdebstdfj` zdadg`

euftèma`ld ` ermźdfdkbrdtbr`lemjtbrsh` rda

(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


b pbcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm

b dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu ` amkdtded

b `zrdad sme`jdrshbi rdad

b prmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ?,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,= Abedĉm zdadĉm (bstdfb

up`sdt`)


;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdad

stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jdzdvrŤjbe sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4=kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Wme`jdrsh` rda (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wtuamjt `zrdĔulm sme`jdrh` rda jd badkrdju ` babkrmju tmeu tm `st` prmzmjt`rd prma aruiè stuamjtèd. Wme`jdrsh` rdabglmjlulm sm prmed hr`tmr`lèd hbepfmhsjbst` ` hvdf`tmt` `zrdam tm hvdf`tmt` `zrdĔmjm prmzmjtdg`lm ` prmzmjtdg`lsh`c vlmŤt`jd.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<=. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4= kbabvd>. Wme`jdrsh` rda 3= kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvdHbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.



4=1


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

^àuą`ĉ, Fl. (;?44) N`jdjg`lsh` emjdaźemjt , ^@@ abpujlmjb ` `ze`lmjlmjb `zadjlm,[[`N - pfus, \dirmk

7

ûh`ąmv`ĉ, E. (;??>) N`jdjg`lm pbauzmĉd, Ibfamj edrhmt`ji ‗ Qmcj`ąhd hjlìd,\dirmk

>

Wdujamrs, D. (;??>) N`jdjg`lshd trź`Ťtd ` `jst`tug`lm < ebamrjb v`Ĕmjlm, _bsfbvjàjmvj`h Edsema`d, \dirmk

1

_btj`h Idf`ĉ, H. (;??0) ‚N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @ ‗ shr`ptd‖, jdstdvj` tmhstprmadvdjld ` vlmźk` `z prmaemtd "N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @" bkldvflmj jd wmk

strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr/

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u

trmjuthu pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f`

abpujd stua`lshbid prbirded)

Brsdi, W. (400>) N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm8 C`td Gbjsuft`ji, zdirmk

Brsdi, W. (;??;) Kuaźmt`rdjlm hdp`tdfd, Edsema`d, \dirmk

Fmhb, ^. (4007) Whr`ptd - N`jdjg`lshm `jst`tug`lm ` trź`Ťtd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. ^dj Cbrjm,L.G.(4009) N`jdjg`lshb uprdvfldjlm ` pbf`t`hd (N`jdjg`lsh` emjmaźemjt), EDQM a.b.b., \dirmk,



Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv` `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbststuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjldhbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbadrdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd



4==

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma., Hdtdr`jd tdvf`ĉ, uj`v. spmg.bmg.


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldQribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1=_



4.




bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld;. 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm djdf`z`rdt` struhturu tribv`jm, jlmjm nujhg`lm ` zdadĉm, bkrdzfbź t` uvlmtm u hblèd sm abidĔdluprbelmjm u almfdtjbst` tribv`jm, tm djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd jd tribv`jshm pbsfbvjmprbgmsm.


Jmed uvlmtd


Djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba t` hbemrg`ldfjm aruim srbajm pbsfbvm usfuim u tribv`jshèpbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tm ustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm,

Bkrdzfbź`t` rdzvbl, zdadĉm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm, tm vrstm ` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld zd hupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm _rmavàlmt` utlmgdl a`str`kut`vjm tribv`jm jd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl

@jtmrprmt`rdt` prè`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu

_rè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd,tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @, ebĉ`< Bkldsj`t` pblde ` zjdąmjlm tribv`jm (ujutdrjlm ` vdjlshm), tm rdzuelmt` pbv`lmsj` rdzv`tdh tribv`jm.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` djdf`z`rdt` zdadĉm, zjdąmjlm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm.



4=>

Djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm `jst`tug`lm hblm almfulu ujutdr ibspbadrshbi sustdvd tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd mhbjbeshm prbkfmem shblèd sm susrmĉu suklmht` trź`Ťjbid ibspbadrstvd, hdb ` jbs`tmfl` mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm hbl` sm kdvm `zkbrbe elmrdutlmgdld jd nujhg`bj`rdjlm pblma`j`c a`lmfbvd jdg`bjdfjbid ibspbadrstvd.

Amn`j`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` krbljd p`tdjld tribv`jm jd edfb ` tribv`jm jd vmf`hb ` rdzuelmt` pblde tribvjsh`c pbsfbvj`cprbgmsd.

_rmpbzjdt` jmbpcbaju tmbr`lshu pbafbiu zd djdf`zu hfluąj`c tribv`jsh`c prbkfmed ` pr`prmedjlm bafuhd zd jl`cbvbrlmŤdvdjlm.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)_blde, pbv`lmst ` zjdąmjlm tribv`jm. (; sdtd)

;. _bv`lmst tribv`jm. [dzelmjd, a`str`kug`ld, tm pblde ` bsjbvjd almfdtjbst tribvjm (7 sdtd)7. \dadĉm, zjdąmjlm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm. (7 sdtd)1. Qribv`jshm `jst tug`lm zd hupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm .(7 sdtd)

=. _bsmkjm jst`tug`lm trź`Ťjbi ibspbadrstvd.(7 sdtd)>. Qribv`jd jd edfb u [C.(7 sdtd)9. Qribv`jsh` pbsfbvj` prbgms`. (; sdtd)

@. hbfbhv`l. (4 sdt)3. _r`prmedjlm, pfdj`rdjlm ujdprmĔmjlm jdkdvj`c prbgmsd. (7 sdtd)0. _r`prmedjlm, pfdj`rdjlm ujdprmĔmjlm prbadlm. (7 sdtd)4?. Whfda`Ťtmjlm. (7 sdtd) 44. A`str`kut`vjd tribv`jd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (7 sdtd)4;. Djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd ‗ pr`prmed ` bafdzdh tribv`jshbe suklmhtu (7 sdtd)47.. Qrź`Ťtm prbadlm ` trź`Ťtm jdkdvm (7 sdtd)41. ]pbtrmkd @jtmrjmtd u tribv`j`. (7 sdtd)4=. @zfdidjlm djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd, pbjdvfldjlm ` prbvlmrd zjdjld, tm pbtp`s`. (; sdtd)




tmrmjshd jdstdvd

sdebstdfj` zdadgèuftèma`ld ` ermźdfdkbrdtbr`lemjtbrsh` rdadjdf`zd sfuądld

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu.Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu, k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld (wmk strdj`gm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`). @zrdad djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd. _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt` _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



4=9

ua`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrdkbabvjbl vr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)



Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda Djdf`zd sfuądld 4



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab = kbabvd zd dht`vjbst u jdstdv`.

7. Djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd Wtuamjt `zrdabe djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 -4= kbabvd.1. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm,dht`vjbst` u jdstdv` ` djdf`zm tribv`jshbipbauzmĉd.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` = kbabvd Djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd 4= kbabvdHbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



4. Wmimtf`ld, \. Fdezd Edrbj`ĉ, E. (;??4) Edrhmt`ji tribv`jm. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh`ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu

4=



4=3

;. tdvf`ĉ, H. (;?47) Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @. Jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld‚Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjl @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr



Wmimtf`ld, \. (4000) Edfbprbadld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl . Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhuEdt`ĉ, K. (;??1) ^djlshd tribv`jd. \dirmk< W`jmri`ldWhup`jd dutbrd. (;??0) _bsfbvdjlm tribv`jm ‗ prdvb- rdąujbvbastvb ‗ pbrmz` . \dirmk < [`N


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe djdf`z`rdjld prdht`ąj`c prèlmrd tmemflme ąmid ebiu bstvdr`t` kbabvm`z dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`. _r`f`hbe pr`prmed zd p`sdjlm hbfbhv`ld ` `zrdam djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd stuamjtèd lm ba strdjmjdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ldhba stuamjdtd.] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu

jdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd,rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` kbabvèd `z djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd. ]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



4=0

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM



4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @ - sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=



4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-





;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm djdf`z`rdt` struhturu tribv`jm, jlmjm nujhg`lm ` zdadĉm, bkrdzfbź t` uvlmtm u hbl`ed sm abidĔdluprbelmjm u almfdtjbst` tribv`jm, tm djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd jd tribv`jshm pbsfbvjmprbgmsm.


Jmed uvlmtd




@jtmrprmt`rdt` pr`e`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu



Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj basfuŤdjm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm ` jdp`sdjbi sme`jdrshbi rdad `z hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshbpbsfbvdjlm @, ebĉ`< Bkldsj`t` pblde ` zjdąmjlm tribv`jm (ujutdrjlm ` vdjlshm), tm rdzuelmt` pbv`lmsj` rdzv`tdh tribv`jm.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` djdf`z`rdt` zdadĉm, zjdąmjlm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm.



4>?


Amn`j`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` krbljd p`tdjld tribv`jm jd edfb ` tribv`jm jd vmf`hb ` rdzuelmt` pblde tribvjsh`c pbsfbvj`cprbgmsd.



4. _blde, pbv`lmst zjdąmjlm tribv`jm. (4 sdt) ;. _bv`lmst tribv`jm. [dzelmjd, a`str`kug`ld, tm pblde ` bsjbvjd almfdtjbst tribvjm (4 sdt)7. \dadĉm, zjdąmjlm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm. (4 sdt)1. Qribv`jshm `jst tug`lm zd hupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm .(4 sdt)=. _bsmkjm jst`tug`lm trź`Ťjbi ibspbadrstvd.(4 sdt)

>. Qribv`jd jd edfb u [C.(4 sdt)9. Qribv`jsh` pbsfbvj` prbgms`. (4 sdt)3. _r`prmedjlm, pfdj`rdjlm ujdprmĔmjlm jdkdvj`c prbgmsd. (4 sdt)0. _r`prmedjlm, pfdj`rdjlm ujdprmĔmjlm prbadlm. (4 sdt)4?. Whfda`Ťtmjlm. (4 sdt) 44. A`str`kut`vjd tribv`jd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (4 sdt)4;. Djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd ‗ pr`prmed ` bafdzdh tribv`jshbe suklmhtu (4 sdt)47.. Qrź`Ťtm prbadlm ` trź`Ťtm jdkdvm (4 sdt)41. ]pbtrmkd @jtmrjmtd u tribv`j`. (4 sdt)4=. Ymk scbp (4 sdt)




;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c zk`vdjld u abemj` crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd àlmfdtjbst` tribv`jm.

Jbs`t` jd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu prmav`Ĕmju zd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu `z hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @.Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdt` sme`jdrsh` rda, prmed badkrdjbl tme`, tm id sdebstdfjb `zfbź`t` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. Dht`vjb ` hr`t`ąhb sualmfbvdjlm pr`f`hbe prmzmjtdg`lm aruic sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd (hrbz pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld ` advdjlm baibvbrd).








4>4



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjbst jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbcdĔdjldsme`jdrshm jdstdvm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd, d jd tmemflu svblm dht`vjbst` (pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld, advdjld baibvbrd)t`lmhbe `zvmakm ` prmzmjtdg`lm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd arui`c stuamjdtd ebźm bstvdr`t` lbŤ abadtj`c edhsèdfjb 4 ? kbabvd.Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd ` jl`cbvm dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. _`sdj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jdp`sdj` sme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdj sme`jdrsh` rda, u shfdau s uputded, stuamjtubebiuĉdvd stlmgdjlm ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd.7. _rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sdebstdfju prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrshbi rdad ebźmbstvdr`t` ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd, bv`sjb b hvdf`tmt` prmzmjtdg`lm.] hbjdąju bglmju `z sme`jdrshbi rdad ufdzm rmzuftdt` pbcdĔdjld ` dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, p`sdjbi a`lmfd rdad `jlmibvm usemjm prmzmjtdg`lm.






]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



4. Wmimtf`ld, \. Fdezd Edrbj`ĉ, E. (;??4) Edrhmt`ji tribv`jm. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh`

ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu

4=

;. tdvf`ĉ, H. (;?47) Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @. Jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld‚Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr



Wmimtf`ld, \. (4000) Edfbprbadld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl . Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhuEdt`ĉ, K. (;??1) ^djlshd tribv`jd. \dirmk< W`jmri`ldWhup`jd dutbrd. (;??0) _bsfbvdjlm tribv`jm ‗ prdvb- rdąujbvbastvb ‗ pbrmz` . \dirmk < [`NCrvdtshd ibspbadrshd hbebrd www.cih.cr

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/



4>;

Arźdvj` zdvba zd stdt`st`hu www.azs.cr


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld ` advdjlme baibvbrd, d pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbesdebstdfjm `zrdam ` prmzmjt`rdjld rdad. Q`lmhbe `zvrŤmjld sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, abk`vmjbi ba prmaemtjbi jdstdvj`hd,bajbsjb pr` p`sdjlu rdad, stuamjtèd lm ba jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlmpbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd, d pbtrmkj`c zd hvdf`tmtdj pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu sme`jdrshbi zdadthd,`zrda` rdad hdb ` jlmibvbl prmzmjtdg`l`.] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu jdstdvj`hd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, bdht`vjbst` stuamjdtd, rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` `zrda` sme`jdrshbi rdad tm pr`f`hbe jlmibvm prmzmjtdg`lm.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, d pbsmk`gm jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b

zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/` fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/



4>7

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldMjifmsh` lmz`h @@@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4=_+4=^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

- 4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj

f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1. Wtua`lsh` prbirde(struąj`, spmg`ldf`st`ąhà`pfbesh` struąj`stua`l)


bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld

;. 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld` ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lmhblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

]vlmt zd up`s hbfmi`ld lm pbfbźmj` `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld Mjifmsh` lmz`h @@.

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jdrdz`j` prbirdedhblèd hbfmi`lpràbjbs`

Hbjsbfà`rdjlm lmz`ąj`c struhturd ` irdedt`hm. _bzjdvdjlm ` hbr`Ťtmjlm vbhdkufdrd struhm. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd ą`tdjld struąm f`tmrdturm ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd p`sdjld sdźmtdhd ` struąj`c rdabvd. Hbeuj`g`rdjlm hbr`stmĉ` mjifmsh` lmz`h u sfuźk` struhm.

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba`



4>1

uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? scbaduąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt ebĉ`< _rè`lmj`t` tmemfljd prdv`fd u ibvbrjbe ` p`sdjbe mjifmshbe lmz`hu.Bkldsj`t` irdedt`ąhm struhturm pr`jg`pm. @epfmemjt`rdt` irdedt`ąhm struhturm u p`semjè vlmźkded.

Amebjstr`rdt` p`sdjlm ` ibvbr jd mjifmshbe lmz`hu s abvbfljbe rdz`jbe tbąjbst` ` tmąjbst`. @epfmemjt`rdt` irdedt`ąhm struhturm u p`semjè vlmźkded. [dzf`hbvdt` rmfmvdjtjm mfmemjtm u tmhstu.Bstvdr`t` sdebstdfju usemju ` p`sdju hbeuj`hdg`lu jd mjifmshbe lmz`hu.Wualmfbvdt` dht`vjb u prmtcbajb jdldvflmjè tmedtshè rdsprdvded._`semjb bkf`hbvdt` sdźmtdh struąjbi tmhstd. Bp`sdt` a`ldirdem, scmem, sf`hm.

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmjprmed sdtj`g`jdstdvm

4.@jtrbaugt`bj;. Tudf`ty7. Bfa-ndsc`bjma Tudf`ty1. Qmfmpcbjm Gbepfd`jts=. Mtc`gs>. [mspbjs`kfm Kus`jmss9. _rbkfme Wbfv`ji3. Fmdamrsc`p0. Fmdamrsc`p Tudf`ty4?. Qcm Nbujamr bn @hmd44.Amgs`bj Edh`ji4;.Gbepmt`t`bj47.Fbs`ji Gbepmt`t`vm Maim41.Jmibt`dt`ji4=.[mv`s`bj

;.>.^rstm zvbĔmjldjdstdvm<

prmadvdjld


sdebstdfj` zdadg`


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd◂ _bcdĔdt` prmadvdjld ` vlmźkm (stuamjt ebźm jdlv`Ťm tr` putd `zbstdt` s jdstdvm) ◂ Dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u jdstdvjbem prbgmsu ◂ _`sdt` abedĉm zdadĉm



4>=

◂ _bfbź`t` hbfbhv`lm ◂ Jd prmadvdjlèd ` vlmźkded pbslmabvdt` prbp`sdjm jdstdvjm edtmr`ldfm

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdadstuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQWkbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb aduhupj` krbl MGQWkbabvd baibvdrdkbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4 _`semj` sp`t _rblmht





;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm `vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbejdstdvm ` jdzdvrŤjbe sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)]semj` `sp`t abjbs` ab 7? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4. ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` >? kbabvd. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrm kjb lm jdsvdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. Wtuamjt` hbl` pbfbźm bkd hbfbhv`ld pbfdźu usemj` a`b `sp`td. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, usemj` `sp`t ` mvàmjg`ld pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<




Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`semj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmj p`sdj` a`b`sp`td.Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.



4>>


JdsfbvKrbl



A. Gbttbj, A. Ndfvmy, W. Hmjt< Edrhmt Fmdamr ‗ Jmw Ma`t`bj,Fbjiedj, ;??=

;

L. [bimrs< Edrhmt Fmdamr ‗ Jmw Ma`t`bj, Kus`jmss Mjif`sc,_rdgt`gm N`fm, ;??= ?

^. ûf`ĉ< Kus`jmss Mjif`sc Ybrhkbbh< Dggbujt`ji djaGbeemrgm@@@, _bźmid, ;?4?

cttp<//www.vup.cr/RAdtd/N`fms/4;444741;;79971.pan


;.4;. Abpujshdf`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm zelmjd /`fàbpujd stua`lshbid

prbirded)




=. ŵmflhb Kulds< ^mf`h` mjifmshb-cvdtsh` rlmąj`h, Jdhfdaj` zdvba Ifbkus, \dirmk, ;??4. >. ŵmflhb Kulds< ^mf`h` crvdtshb-mjifmsh` rlmąj`h, Jdhfdaj` zdvba Ifbkus, \dirmk, ;??4. 9. Fl. [dabŤ ‗ E. Emfmr< Mjifmshb-crvdtsh` rlmąj`h jdz`vfld u edrhmt`jiu, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh, 4001.

3. Bxnbra Davdjgma Fmdrjmrːs A`gt`bjdry, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss ;??= 0. Bxnbra Kus`jmss Mjif`sc A`gt`bjdry, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss ;??=

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjldhvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm

Wtuamjt` dht`vjb sualmfulu u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm dua`t`vjè vlmźkded, pr`lmvbaèd ` sf., tm `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ] mvàmjg lshbebkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd.






4>9

`zfdzj`c zjdjld,vlmŤt`jd hbepmtmjg`ld

Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tu. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd djdf`z`rdlu sm sdstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` u vr`lmem hbjzuftdg`ld.

Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvustuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdeb-mvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujmstua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



4>3

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldJlmedąh` lmz`h @@@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4= _+4= ^



4




bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD



_bfbźmj hbfmi`l jlmedąh` lmz`h @@



7. Hbjsbf`a`rdjlm lmz`ąj`c struhturd ` irdedt`hd1. _bzjdvdjlm ` hbr`Ťtmjlm vbhdkufdrd struhm =. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hd ą`tdjld struąjm f`tmrdturm

>. ]svdldjlm tmcj`hm p`sdjld sdźmtdhd 9. Hbeuj`g`rdjlm hbr`stmĉ` jlmedąh` lmz`h u sfuźk` struhm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Jlmedąh` lmz`h @@@, ebĉ`< _r`e`lmj`t` tmemfljd prdv`fd u ibvbrjbe ` p`sdjbe jlmedąhbe lmz`hu [dzv`t` bsjbvm struhbvjbi jlmedąhbi lmz`hd ` irdedt`hm `z pbaruąld mhbjbe`lm ]vrŤtdvdt` struąj` vbhdkufdr u sdebstdfjbe ` spbjtdjbe usemjbe ` p`semjbe `zrdźdvdjlu [dzv`t` rmgmpt`vjm tmcj`hm ą`tdjld ` rdzue`lmvdjld struhbvj`c tmhstbvd@zjbs`t` c`pbtmzm jd bsjbvu prbą`tdj`c struąj`c tmhstbvd, tm struhtur`rdt` `jnbredg`lm prbjdĔmjm u `stbe



4>0



4> A`m @jaustr`m. (; sdtd)

49 Ads Cdjawmrh. (; sdtd)

43 A`mjstfm`stujimj. (; sdtd)

40 Cdjamf. (; sdtd)

;? A`m mrhmcrsw`rtsgcdnt. (; sdtd)

;4 Amr Qbur`seus. (; sdtd)

;; Y`mamrcbfuji. (; sdtd);7 \usátzf`gcm Ökujimj. (; sdt)

;1 ]jtmrjmcemj uja @jst`tut`bjmj. (; sdtd)

;= A`m Dunidkmj ams Kmtr`mks. (; sdtd)

;> Hbstmj. (; sdtd)

;9 Edrhtnbrsgcuji. (; sdtd)

;3 Ymrkuji. (; sdtd)

;0 Y`mamrcbfuji (; sdtd)

7? WmemstmrdksgcfuÒ (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<







Msml [mnmrdt Hbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrd



49?


zjdjld




Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. ]semj` `sp`t (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)]semj` `sp`t abjbs` ab 7? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` >? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. Wtuamjt` hbl`pbfbźm bkd hbfbhv`ld pbfdźu ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, usemj` `sp`t ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<







JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Qur`jd- Dj`ĉ, L., Nmrhbv`ĉ, E., Hfluądr`ĉ, H.< (400>.)< Y`rtsgcdntsamutsgc, @jnbredtbr,

\dirmk.

;

Krdja`ĉ, A. (400>.)< Jlmedąhb-crvdtsh` ibspbadrsh` ` prdvj` rlmąj`h, @jnbredtbr,\dirmk.

=

Ldh`ĉ, K., Cure, D.< (;??1.)< Crvdtshb-jlmedąh` rlmąj`h, hbfshd Hjlìd, \dirmk. ;



494



Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm dua`t`vjè vlmźkded, pr`lmvbaèd ` sf., tm `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèddjdf`z`rdlu sm sd stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` u vr`lmem hbjzuftdg`ld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdeb -mvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



49;

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldBsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`


4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld ibspbadrshm struhturm ` ibspbadrsh`c hrmtdjld u crvdtshbeibspbadrstvu, bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm u hbl`ed su sm prbelmjm abidĔdfm, djdf`z`rdt` elmrm ` `jstruemjtm mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm `bhruźmjld tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd stdjlm u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu ` pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.


Jmed uvlmtd



4. Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd.


4. Bkldsj`t` mhbjbeshu pbf`t`hu ` jlmjm jbs`tmflm tm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` bstvdrmjld mhbjbesh`c g flmvd u crvdtshbeibspbadrstvu.;. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` crvdtshu n`shdfju pbf`t`hu, struhturu prbrdąujd bpĉm arźdvm tm djdf`z`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt`pr`cbajm

` rdscbajm stdvhm u arźdvjbe prbrdąuju. 7. Djdf`z`rdt` ` pbzjdvdt` v`s`ju ldvjbi auid [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm tm hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` uzrbhm ldvjbi zdauź`vdjld u [mpukf`g`

Crvdtshbl.



497

1. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` jtmrprmt`rdt` crvdtshu ebjmtdrju pbf`t`hu tm djdf`z`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` `jstruemjtm crvdtshm ebjmtdrjmpbf`t`hm.

=. Djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld ` g`flmvm crvdtshm rmi`bjdfjm pbf`t hm u hbjtmhstu murbpshm hbcmz`lshm pbf`t`hm ` ifdvjd bk`flmźldcrvdtshbi rmi`bjdfjbi rdzv`thd.

>. Hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` g`flmvm ` se`sdb arźdvj`c pbtpbrd, pr`cvdtfl`vm ` jmpr`cvdtfl`vm bkf`hm arźdvjm `jtmrvmjg`lm tm hr`t`ąh`djdf`z`rdt`

struhturu arźdvj`c pbtpbrd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl u bajbsu jd murbpshb bhruźmjlm. 9. Bkldsj`t` `jstruemjtm vdjlshbtribv`jshm pbf`t`hm tm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` stdjlm u vdjlshbtribv`jshbl rdzelmj` [mpukf`hmCrvdtshm.3. Bp`sdt` pbv`lmsjm hbr`lmjm ` mizbimjm vdr`ldkfm hblm su utlmgdfm jd prbgms murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld, amn`j`rdt` Murbpshu uj`lu`

bkldsj`t` jlmju struhturu.

0. Hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` bajbsm `zemĔu [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm ` M] (pbv`lmst, sdadŤjlbst ` kuauĉjbst) tm utlmgdl M] ąfdjstvd jdstdjlm `

pbsfbvdjlm u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl.4?. Wdebstdfjb `strdź`t` ` àmjt`n`g`rdt` pbtmjg`ldfjm `zvbrm M] n`jdjg`rdjld ` sdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` prblmhtju àmlu tm lu rdzrda`t` u

bkf`hu fbi`ąhm edtr`gm.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)G`flmv`, jbs`tmfl` ` srmastvd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm. (4 sdt)

;. G`flmv`, jbs`tmfl` srmastvd mhbjbeshm pbf`t hm. (4 sdt)N`shdfjd pbf`t`hd [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. (4 sdt)

7. N`shdfjd pbf t`hd [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. (4 sdt)Ldvj` aui [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm (4 sdt)

1. Ebjmtdrjd pbf`t`hd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl. (; sdtd)=. [mi`bjdfj` rdzvbl crvdtshd rmi`bjdfjd pbf`t`hd. (; sdtd)>. Arźdvjm pbtpbrm u crvdtshbe ` murbpshbe ibspbadrstvu. (; sdtd)9. @. hbfbhv`l (4 sdt)

^djlshbtribv`jshd pbf`t`hd [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. (4 sdt)3. ^djlshbtribv`jshd rdzelmjd [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. (; sdtd)0. Bsjbvm murbpshbi prbgmsd jtmir`rdjld. (; sdtd)

4?. \dlmaj`ąhb trź`Ťtm Murbpshm uj`lm. (; sdtd)44. Bajbs` [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm ` Murbpshm uj`lm. _bv`lmst, sdadŤjlbst ` kuauĉjbst. Nbjabv` Murbpshm uj`lm. (; sdtd)4;. ]vba u uprdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe. (4 sdt)

Bsjbvm prbirde`rdjld. (4 sdt)47. _r`stup fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt)

@zrdad fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt) 41. _r`stup fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt)

@zrdad fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt)4=. _rmzmjt`rdjlm fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt)



491





(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c tmed u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu. Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu (pbifdvfld hbld sm bkrdĔulu jd jdstdv`), k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm s prmadvdjld (wmkstrdj`gm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`) rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld. Wdebstdfjb rdzv`t` prblmhtju àmlu ` suhfdajb jlbl sdebstdfjb `zrda`t` fbi`ąhu edtr`gu.

_rmzmjt`rdt` `zrdĔmju fbi`ąhu edtr`gu. _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.





Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)


;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlmrdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm `

jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. _rblmhtj` pr`lmafbi (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)[dzrdad prblmhtjm àmlm hrbz fbi`ąhu edtr`gu, jlmjd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd tm hvdf`tmtd sdem pbsfbvjm àmlmabjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vj` pr`stup rdzrda` prblmhtjm àmlm ` jlmjm prmzmjtdg`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba ? ab;? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)

_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, prblmhtj`c pr`lmafbid ` pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


_rblmhtj` pr`lmafbi ;? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd



49=

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt hbl` jm pbfbź` hbfbhv`lm bkvmzdj lm `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td. Hbjdąjd bglmjd prmastdvfld prbslmh av`lu jdvmamj`c glmf`jd.



JdsfbvKrbl




;. Lmfmą [diuź, E. (;?47) Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ . Jdstdvj` tmhst

prmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld ‚Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` cttp<//www.vup.cr


1. Murbpshd hbe`s`ld (;??3) Jdą`j` pruźdjld pbebĉ`< Welmrj`gm zd uprdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe. \dirmk< Wrma`Ťjl` arźdvj` urma zd rdzvblju strdtmi`lu `hbbra`jdg`lu nbjabvd M] (WA][N).

cttp<//www.errnmu.cr

=. Grhvmjdg, E. (4009) Mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd< s mfmemjtèd mhbjbe`hm crvdtshbidibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< @jnbredtbr.

4

>. E`jtds Cbadh, Fl. ur. (;?4?) Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< \dirmkdąhd Ťhbfdmhbjbe`lm ` edjdimemjtd, Edtm a.b.b. (badkrdjd pbifdvfld).

=


4. Kdr`ĉ, ^. ` dvrdh, ^. (;??=) Bsjbvm crvdtshbid ibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< E`hrbrda a.b.b. ` Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk.;. Irupd dutbrd, urmaj`h Aruź`ĉ, @. (;??7) Crvdtshb ibspbadrstvb. \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. 7. Idkbr, E. (;??0) _r`prme`tm prblmht ` bsìurdltm srmastvd `z M] nbjabvd . \dirmk< ^mrfdi Adscþnmr a.b.b.. 1. Jbvbtd, W. (;??0) Murbpsh` nbjabv` zd crvdtshm prblmhtm< _r`ruąj`h b n`jdjg`lshbl surdajl` ` prbirdeèd hblm u Crvdtshbl pbaup`rm Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< Wrma`Ťjl` arźdvj` urma zd rdzvblju strdtmi`lu ` hbbra`jdg`lu nbjabvd Murbpshm uj`lm.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm rda`bj`g` jd hblbl rdzv`ldlu ` rdzrdĔulu vfdst`tu prblmhtju àmlu prmedemtbabfbi`l` `zrdam prblmhdtd zvdjbl ]_G, bajbsjb ]prdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe, hblu lm prbp`sdfd Murbpshd hbe`s`ld.Wuhfdajb rdzv`lmjbl prblmhtjbl àml` stuamjt` sdebstdfjb `zrdĔulu fbi`ąhu edtr`gu hblu trmkdlu prmzmjt`rdlu prma bstdfèstuamjtèd. _r`f`hbe `zrdam fbi`ąhm edtr`gm stuamjtèd lm ba strdjm jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadjjdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd,rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd kf`g tmstbvèd ` hbfbhv`lèd tm rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` rdzvblu ` rdzrda` prblmhtjbi pr`lmafbid(rda`bj`gd).]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd kf`g tmstbvèd, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t `lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.



49>

Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



499

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldBsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt` _+^+W+m-

uąmjlm) 4=W

4.7. Wurdaj`g` Jmed 4.0. [dz`jd pr`elmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7. rdz`jd),pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.

4.1.Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh`struąj` stua`l)

Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld

;. 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd

prbirded hbfmi`ld


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld ibspbadrshm struhturm ` ibspbadrsh`c hrmtdjld u crvdtshbe ibs pbadrstvu,bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm u hbl`ed su sm prbelmjm abidĔdfm, djdf`z`rdt` elmrm ` `jstruemjtm mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm ` bhruźmjld tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jdstdjlm u crvdtshbe ibspbadrstvu ` pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblmsu pbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


4. Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd.


4. Bkldsj`t` mhbjbeshu pbf`t`hu ` jlmjm jbs`tmflm tm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` bstvdrmjld mhbjbesh`c g`flmvd u crvdtshbe ibspbadr stvu.;. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` jtmrprmt`rdt` crvdtshu n`shdfju pbf`t`hu, struhturu prbrdąujd bpĉm arźdvm tm djdf`z`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` pr`cbajm

` rdscbajm stdvhm u arźdvjbe prbrdąuju. 7. Djdf`z`rdt` ` pbzjdvdt` v`s`ju ldvjbi auid [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm tm hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` uzrbhm ldvjbi zdauź`vdjld u [mpukf`g`

Crvdtshbl.1. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` crvdtshu ebjmtdrju pbf`t`hu tm djdf`z`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` `jstruemjtm crvdtshm ebjmtdrjm

pbf`t`hm.=. Djdf`z`rdt` ifdvjd bk`flmźld ` g`flmvm crvdtshm rmi`bjdfjm pbf`t hm u hbjtmhstu murbpshm hbcmz`lshm pbf`t`hm ` ifdvjd bk`flmźld



493

crvdtshbi rmi`bjdfjbi rdzv`thd.>. Hr`t`ąh` prbsuĔ`vdt` g`flmvm ` se`sdb arźdvj`c pbtpbrd, pr`cvdtfl`vm ` jmpr`cvdtfl`vm bkf`hm arźdvjm `jtmrvmjg`lm tm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt`

struhturu arźdvj`c pbtpbrd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl u bajbsu jd murbpshb bhruźmjlm. 9. Bkldsj`t` `jstruemjtm vdjlshbtribv`jshm pbf`t`hm tm hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` stdjlm u vdjlshbtribv`jshbl rdzelmj` [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. 3. Bp`sdt` pbv`lmsjm hbr`lmjm ` mizbimjm vdr`ldkfm hblm su utlmgdfm jd prbgms murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld, amn`j`rdt` Murbpshu uj`lu `

bkldsj`t` jlmju struhturu.0. Hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` bajbsm `zemĔu [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm ` M] (pbv`lmst, sdadŤjlbst ` kuauĉjbst) tm utlmgdl M] ąfdjstvd jd stdjlm `

pbsfbvdjlm u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl.4?. Wdebstdfjb `strdź`t` ` àmjt`n`g`rdt` pbtmjg`ldfjm `zvbrm M] n`jdjg`rdjld ` sdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` prblmhtju àmlu tm lu rdzrda`t` u

bkf`hu fbi`ąhm edtr`gm.


N@WHDFJD _BF@Q@HD [C ` LD^J@ A]I4. EEN u Crvdtshbl ‗ prmajbst` ` jmabstdg`

;. Djdf`zd prbrdąujd u ;?4;. (;?47.) iba`j` 7. Qrmkd f` dhtudfjd n`shdfjd pbf`t`hd k`t` mhspdjz`vjd `f` rmstr`ht`vjd21. Barź`vbst ldvjbi auid u [C2

EBJMQD[JD _BF@Q@HD _BF@Q@HD QMĆDLD =. _rmajbst` ` jmabstdg` uvbĔmjld murd >. Amvdfvdg`ld hujm ‗ ad `f` jm29. ^dfutjd hfduzufd ‗ ad `f` jm23. _bvmĉdjlm prèdrjm me`s`lm jbvgd ‗ ad `f` jm2

[MI@BJDFJ@ [D\^BL [MI@BJDFJD _BF@Q@HD0. WYBQ djdf`zd J]QW @@ rmi`ld u C[ ‗ rmi`bjdfj` a`spdr`tmt`4?. N`jdjg`rdjlm rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld putme Wtruhturjc nbjabvd ` Hbcmz`lshbi nbjad (prbkfme` vs. `zdzbv`)

A[ŵD^JM _BQ_B[M prmed prdvu M][B_WHM ]J@LM 44. Arźdvjm pbtpbrm u pbflbpr`vrma` ‗ ad `f` jm24;. Arźdvjm pbtpbrm u `jaustr`l` ‗ ad `f` jm247. _bf`t`hd arźdvj`c pbtpbrd u M] ‗ prmajbst `f` jmabstdtdh zd [C

K@FDJGD _FDĎDJLD ` ^DJLWH@ A]I 41. Barź`vbst vdjlshbi auid u [C

C[^DQWHD @ M][B_WHD ]J@LD

4=. Crvdtshd ` M]< pr`f`hm ` pr lmtjlm




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd _bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c zk`vdjld u abemj` crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd ` mhbjbeshm



490

pbf`t`hm.Jbs`t` jd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu prmav`Ĕmju zd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu `z hbfmi`ld Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdt` sme`jdrsh` rda, prmed badkrdjbl tme`, tm id sdebstdfjb `zfbź`t` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. Dht`vjb ` hr`t`ąhb sualmfbvdjlm pr`f`hbe prmzmjtdg`lm aruic sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd (hrbz pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld ` advdjlm baibvbrd).

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd(up`sdt` ua`b u MGQWkbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj`krbl MGQW kbabvdbaibvdrd kbabvjblvr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld)


?,= _`semj` sp`t _rblmht

Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda




Dht`vjbst ujdstdv` ]semj` sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm `vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm `jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbcdĔdjld sme`jdrshmjdstdvm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd, d jd tmemflu svblm dht`vjbst` (pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld, advdjld baibvbrd) t`lmhbe `zvmakm `prmzmjtdg`lm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd arui`c stuamjdtd ebźm bstvdr`t` lbŤ abadtj`c edhsèdfjb 4? kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd `jl`cbvm dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. _`sdj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jdp`sdj` sme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdj sme`jdrsh` rda, u shfdau s uputded, stuamjtu bebiuĉdvdstlmgdjlm ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd.7. _rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sdebstdfju prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrshbi rdad ebźm bstvdr`t` ba4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd, bv`sjb b hvdf`tmt` prmzmjtdg`lm.] hbjdąju bglmju `z sme`jdrshbi rdad ufdzm rmzuftdt` pbcdĔdjld ` dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, p`sdjbi a`lmfd rdad ` jlmibvmusemjm prmzmjtdg`lm.


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` 4? kbabvd



Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`. ;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd

(abstupjd u hjl`źj`g` `Jdsfbv

Krbl prèlmrdhd uhjl`źj`g`

Abstupjbst putme bstdf`cema`ld



43?

putme bstdf`c ema`ld) 4. dvrdh, ^. ur. (;?44) Ibspbadrstvb Crvdtshm. \dirmk< _bf`t`ąhd hufturd a.b.b. =

;. Lmfmą [diuź, E. (;?47) Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ . Jdstdvj` tmhstprmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld ‚Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr

7. Murbpshd hbe`s`ld (;??3) Jdą`j` pruźdjld pbebĉ`< Welmrj`gm zd uprdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe. \dirmk< Wrma`Ťjl` arźdvj` urma zd rdzvblju strdtmi`lu `hbbra`jdg`lu nbjabvd M] (WA][N).


1. Grhvmjdg, E. (4009) Mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd< s mfmemjtèd mhbjbe`hm crvdtshbidibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< @jnbredtbr.

4

=. E`jtds Cbadh, Fl. ur. (;?4?) Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< \dirmkdąhd Ťhbfdmhbjbe`lm ` edjdimemjtd, Edtm a.b.b. (badkrdjd pbifdvfld).

=

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (utrmjuthu pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`fàbpujd stua`lshbidprbirded)

Kdr`ĉ, ^. ` dvrdh, ^. (;??=) Bsjbvm crvdtshbid ibspbadrstvd. \dirmk< E`hrbrda a.b.b. Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt \dirmk. Irupd dutbrd, urmaj`h Aruź`ĉ, @. (;??7) Crvdtshb ibspbadrstvb. \dirmk< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku. Idkbr, E. (;??0) _r`prme`tm prblmht ` bsìurdltm srmastvd `z M] nbjabvd. \dirmk< ^mrfdi Adscþnmr a.b.b.. Jbvbtd, W. (;??0) Murbpsh` nbjabv` zd crvdtshm prblmhtm< _r`ruąj`h b n`jdjg`lshbl surdajl` ` prbirdeèd hblm u Crvdtshbl pbaup`rm

Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< Wrma`Ťjl` arźdvj` urma zd rdzvblju strdtmi`lu ` hbbra`jdg`lu nbjabvd Murbpshm uj`lm. Wbpmh, _. (srpdjl ;?44). _rbglmjd utlmgdld pr`stupdjld Murbpshbl ]j`l` jd crvdtsh` prbrdąuj. Jmwsfmttmr (=0) . \dirmk< @jst`tut zd

ldvjm n`jdjg`lm. Wbpmh, _. (f`pdjl ;?4?). _rbrdąujsh` amn`g`t ` ldvj` aui. Jmwsfmttmr (10) . \dirmk< @jst`tut zd ldvjm n`jdjg`lm. ůvdflmh, W., ^`zmh, E., & Emrvdr, D. (;??0). G`hf`ąh` pr`fdibĔmj` prbrdąujsh` sdfab< prèlmr Crvdtshm. _r`vrmajd hrmtdjld `

mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd (4;?), str. 10-34. Kdlb, D., & _rèbrdg, E. (;?4?). Fbgdf Ibvmrjemjt Kbrrbw`ji _rdgt gm `j Grbdt`d. N`jdjg`df Qcmbry dja _rdgt`gm 71 (1), str.

790-1?>. Kdlb, D., & _rèbrdg, E. (4>. vmfldąd ;?44). Wtrdtmi`ld uprdvfldjld ldvjè auibe. Dhtudfj` bsvrt` (;3). \dirmk< @jst`tut zd ldvjm

n`jdjg`lm. Wbpmh, _. (;?4?). _rbrdąujsh` amn`g`t ` ldvj` aui. Jmwsfmttmr @jst`tutd zd ldvjm n`jdjg`lm. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.`ln.cr/jmwsfmttmr/10.pan E`cdflmh, A. (;??7) Djdf`zd barź`vbst` ldvjbi ` vdjlshbi auid Crvdtshm pbebĉu stdjadraj`c n`jdjg`lsh`c pbhdzdtmfld. _r`vrmajd

hrmtdjld ` mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd, 47 (09), ;0-9=.

Kdjhdedidz`j (;?44). Jmed bptè`zed bhb murd, pr`źmflhulm sm Ťtb hdsj`lm uvbĔmjlm. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.kdjhdedidz`jm.cr/Jdsfbvj`gd/Hbemjtdr``djdf`zm/tdkà/473/^`mw/Amtd`fs/@tme@A/9471;/rkpà/;==n;m?9->g>?-1mnd-k0m9-a10knk9ka9;4/Amnduft.dspx

Kdjhdedidz`j (;?44). Kbr`s ûlą`ĉ< Crvdtshbl sm `spfdt` uvmst` murb. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.kdjhdedidz`jm.cr/Jdsfbvj`gd/Crvdtshd/tdkà/4?;/^`mw/Amtd`fs/@tme@A/>=0>3/rkpà/;==n;m?9->g>?-1mnd-k0m9-a10knk9ka9;4/Amnduft.dspx

Bkr`jimr, F. D. Cbw tcm murb wbrhs2 Abstupjb jd cttp<//ebjmy.cbwstunnwbrhs.gbe/murb44.cte _brtbjm, A. (;??1). Qcm Gbsts dja Kmjmn`ts bn tcm Murb @j Murbpmdj Ebjmtdry ]j`bj Gbujtr`ms. Abstupjb jd<

cttp<//www.ujg.mau/~sdfme`/Mgbj??>/_brtbjmR;??1.pan



434

Kdjhdedidz`j (;?4?). @jnfdg`ld ` amvdfvdg`ld f`lmhbv` su ‚ibr` ba kbfmst`‖. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.kdjhdedidz`jm.cr/Jdsfbvj`gd/Crvdtshd/tdkà/4?;/^`mw/Amtd`fs/@tme@A/>134>/rkpà/;==n;m?9->g>?-1mnd-k0m9-a10knk9ka9;4/Amnduft.dspx

Ymk strdj`gm N`jdjg`lshbi hfukd, Bhruif` stbf ‗ amvdfvdg`ld ` jlmj` uą`jg`. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.n`jdjgm.cr/`jamx.pcp2bpt`bj5gbeRgbjtmjt&vmw5drt`gfm&à5;>>&@tmeà5>0

Jldvrb, ğ. (;?44). ]hàdjlm vdfutjm hfduzufm èdfb k` ` jmidt`vjm uą`jhm. Ymk strdj`gm Fàmr _rmss. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.fàmrprmss.cr/Amnduft.dspx2sà54;907=

_baibrj`h, K. (;?44). CJK jd uadru EEN-d ` abedĉ`c mhbjbe`std. \dadrsh` f`st. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.zdadrsh`f`st.cr/gfdjg`/?3?9;?44/cjk-jd-uadru-een-d-`-abedg`cmhbjbe`std

E`j`stdrstvb rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld, Ťuedrstvd ` vbajbid ibspbadrstvd, ;??3. [dajd vmrz`ld jdgrtd strdtmi`lm rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld[mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.errsvi.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/[dajd%;?vmrz ld%;?Jdgrtd%;?Wtrdtmi lm%;?rmi`bjdfjbi%;?rdzvbld%;?[C.pan

E`j`stdrstvb rmi`bjdfjbi r dzvbld, Ťuedrstvd ` vbajbid ibspbadrstvd, ;?4?. Wtrdtmi`ld rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm,;?44. ‗ ;?47. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//mbkrdzbvdjlm.e`jibrp.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/abhuemjt`/Wtrdtmi`ld%;?rmi`bjdfjbi%;?rdzvbld%;?;?44%;?ab%;?;?47%;?usvblmjd%;?jd%;?=0%;?slmaj`g`%;?^fdam%;?[C%;??1%;??>%;?;?4?.pan -sdeb a`b sd swbt djdf`zbe

E`j`stdrstvb rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld, Ťuedrstvd ` vbajbid ibspbadrstvd, ;??3. [dajd vmrz`ld jdgrtd strdtmi`lm rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.errsvi.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/[dajd%;?vmrz`ld%;?Jdgrtd%;?Wtrdtmi`lm%;?rmi`bjdfjbi%;?rdzvbld%;?[C.pan

E`j`stdrstvb rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld, Ťuedrstvd ` vbajbid ibspbadrstvd, ;?4?. Wtrdtmi`ld rmi`bjdfjbi rdzvbld [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm,;?44. ‗ ;?47. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//mbkrdzbvdjlm.e`jibrp.cr/]smrAbgs@edims/abhuemjt`/Wtrdtmi`ld%;?rmi`bjdfjbi%;?rdzvbld%;?;?44%;?ab%;?;?47%;?usvblmjd%;?jd%;?=0%;?slmaj`g`%;?^fdam%;?[C%;??1%;??>%;?;?4?.pan

Dimjg`ld zd zdŤt`tu trź`Ťjbi jdtlmgdjld (;?4;) Iba`Ťjlm `zvlmŤĉm b arźdvjè pbtpbrded zd 2222 iba`ju. \dirmk< D\QJ.Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.dztj.cr/b-jded/;7/iba`sjld-`zvlmsgd/

cttp<//www.dztj.cr/ Djar`lmv`ĉ-Edtbvdg, ^., ` LbŤ`ĉ, C., (;?4?). Barź`vbst vdjlshbi auid [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm. \kbrj`h Mhbjbeshbi ndhuftmtd u

\dirmku, ^bf.3 Jb.4 F`pdjl ;?4?. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/=9933 Kdk`ĉ, D., ` sur., (;?4?). A`jde`ąhd djdf`zd barź`vbst` ldvjbi ` vdjlshbi auid Crvdtshm. _r`vrmajd hrmtdjld ` mhbjbeshd pbf`t `hd,

kr. 09/;??7. Abstupjb jd< cttp<//www.m`zi.cr/Adtd/Abg/ph`mp09-kdk`-hrzjdr-jmst -vdflmh.pan

E`cdflmh, A., (;??=). Wustd`jdk`f`ty bn Grbdt`d's _ukf`g dja Mxtmrjdf Amkt. Grbdt`dj Mgbjbe`g Wurvmy, Jb.9 Qrdvdjl ;??=.Abstupjb jd< cttp<//crgdh.srgm.cr/>744

E`cdflmh, A. (;??7) Djdf`zd barź`vbst` ldvjbi ` vdjlshbi auid Crvdtshm pbebĉu stdjadraj`c n`jdjg`lsh`c pbhdzdtmfld. _r`vrmajdhrmtdjld ` mhbjbeshd pbf`t`hd, 47 (09), ;0-9=.

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtmhbl` bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm`zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd `hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld ` advdjlme baibvbrd, d pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe sdebstdfjm `zrdam `prmzmjt`rdjld rdad. Q`lmhbe `zvrŤmjld sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, abk`vmjbi ba prmaemtjbi jdstdvj`hd, bajbsjb pr` p`sdjlu rdad,stuamjtèd lm ba jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld `hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd, d pbtrmkj`c zd hvdf`tmtdj pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, `zrda` rdad hdb ` jlmibvbl prmzmjtdg`l`.



43;

] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu jdstdvj`hd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, b dht`vjbst`stuamjdtd, rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` `zrda` sme`jdrshbi rdad tm pr`f`hbe jlmibvm prmzmjtdg`lm.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèdt`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, d pbsmk`gm jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvustuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm.@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujmstua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



437

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld Edr`b updj, a`pf. bmg. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+ 7? ^


rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.




4.4?. [maj` krbl zelmjd `/`f` abpujdbp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm amtdfljb upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s rdąujbvbastvmjè hdtmibr`lded hdb Ťtb su èbv`jd, bkvmzm,hdp`tdf, rdscba`, pr`cba` ` pbsfbvj` rmzuftdt tm rdąujbvbastvmjè prdĉmjlme badkrdj`c pbsfbvj`c abidĔdld. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t`stuamjtm zd prmpbzjdvdjlm ` bp`s`vdjlm sv`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c hdtmibr`ld tm sdebstdfjb mvàmjt`rdjlm pbsfbvj`c abidĔdld upbsfbvjè hjlìded pbauzmtj`hd suhfdajb hbjtjbe pfdju pbauzmĉd Ťtb stvdrd abkru pbafbiu zd sdebstdfjb vbĔmjlmrdąujbvbastvd pbauzmĉd.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd pbfdidjlm hbfmi`ld

ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm supbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l

]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ uhfluąulu< pbzjdvdjlm pbsfbvj`c hjlìd hjlìbvbastvmj`c `sprdvd pbauzmtj`hd,

pbzjdvdjlm hjlìbvbastvmjbi hbjtd ` hbjtbi pfdjd pbauzmtj`hd,

pbzjdvdjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld pbauzmtj`hd, pbzjdvdjlm prdv`fd mvàmjt`rdjld jd hbjtèd dht`vm ` pds`vm, pr`cbad ` rdscbad.Wuhfdajb jdvmamjbe uvlmt zd `zfdzdh jd `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ lm pbfbźmj `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @.


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`<

`jtmrprmt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm mvàmjg`lm abidĔdld u pbsfbvjè hjlìded, n`jdjg`lshm `zvlmŤtdlm, zjdądlhm ldvj`cn`jdjg`ld ` n`jdjg`lshm dht`vjbst` pbauzmtj`hd

Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm



431

pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j`gu tvrthm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@, ebĉ`< djdf`z`rdt` auibtrdlju ` hrdthbtrdlju èbv`ju pbauzmtj`hd tm sdebstdfjb `zvrŤ`t` rdąujbvbastvmju mvàmjg`lu pbsfbvj`c

prbelmjd jd èbv`j` u pbsfbvjè hjlìded pbauzmtj`hd

rdzf`hbvdt`, prmzmjt`rdt` ` sdebstdfjb `zvrŤ`t` rdąujbvbastvmju mvàmjg`lu rdzf`ą`t`c bkf`hd pfdĉdjld u pbauzmĉèd

djdf`z`rdt` hrdthbrbąjm ` auibrbąjm bkvmzm tm sdebstdfjb `zvrŤ`t` mv àmjg`lu pbsfbvj`c prbelmjd jd bkvmzded upbsfbvjè hjlìded pbauzmtj`hd

sdebstdfjb pr`prme`t` bkrdąuj (sdfa`rdjlm) _A^-d u pbauzmĉèd

djdf`z`rdt` ` bkldsj t` zdf`cm, rdzf`hbvdt` emtbam utrbŤhd zdf`cd tm sdebstdfjb `zvrŤ`t` mvàmjg`lu pbsfbvj`c prbelmjd jdzdf`cded

`jtmrprmt`rdt` trbŤhbvm pbsfbvdjld, sdebstdfjb `zvrŤ`t` mvàmjg`lu pbsfbvj`c prbelmjd jd trbŤhbvèd tm `zvrŤ`t` pr`lmjbstrbŤhbvd u prb`zvbajbl, usfuźjbl ` tribvdąhbl almfdtjbst` rdzf`hbvdt` trbŤhbvm prb`zvbad ` trbŤhbvm rdzabkfld tm sdebstdfjb `zvrŤ`t` jl`cbvb mvàmjt`rdjlm u pbsfbvjè hjlìded

pbauzmtj`hd

bridj`z`rdt` rdąujbvbastvb rbkm, `zvrŤ`t` mvàmjg`lu trbŤhbvd ` pr`cbad hba prbadlm rbkm

bkf`hbvdt` ` jtmrprmt`rdt` pbsfbvjm hjlìm u tribv`j`

`jtmrprmt`rdt` pblde hdp`tdfd tm sdebstdfjb zvrŤ`t` mvàmjg`lu prbelmjd hdp`tdfd.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm]pbzjdvdjlm s pbrmzbe jd abadju vr`lmajbstAuibtrdljd jmedtmr`ldfjd ebv`jd pbauzmtj`hd, rdąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm auibtrdljm jmedtmr`ldfjm ebv`jm (1 sdtd)

;. Auibtrdljd edtmr`ldfjd èbv`jd pbauzmtj`hd[dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm auibtrdljm edtmr`ldfjm ebv`jm (1 sdtd)

7. Auibtrdljd n`jdjg`lshd ebv`jd, auibtrdljd pbtrdź`vdjld, btuĔmjlm auibtrdljm ebv`jm [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm auibtrdljm n`jdjg`lshm èbv`jm, auibtrdlj`c pbtrdź`vdjld ` btuĔmjld auibtrdljm èbv`jm (1

sdtd)1. Hrdthbtrdljd èbv`jm

[dąujbvbastvmjb mvàmjt`rdjlm jbvgd jbvądj`c mhv`vdfmjdtd [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm rdzf`ą`t`c bkf`hd pfdĉdjld (1 sdtd)

=. Hrdthbtrdljd èbv`jd[dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm hrdthbtrdljm n`jdjg`lshm èbv`jm ` pbtrdź`vdjld (; sdtd) >. Hrdthbrbąjm bkvmzm

[dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm hrdthbrbąj`c bkvmzd (bkvmzm pb vr`lmajbsjè pdp`rèd, bkvmzm prmed abkdvfldąèd , bkvmzmpb bsjbv` hrdthbrbąj`c zdlebvd ` hrma`td, bkvmzm zd pfdĉm ` jdhjdam pfdĉd) (1 sdtd)

9. [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm prmtpbrmzd ` bkvmzm zd _A^ Wdfa`rdjlm _A^-d_ds`vjd vrmemjshd rdzirdj`ąmjld (7 sdtd)

3. \df`cm s`rbv`jd ` edtmr`ldfd, rmzmrvj`c a`lmfbvd, dutbiued ` s`tjbi `jvmjtdrd



43=

[dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm zdf`cd s`rbv`jd ` edtmr`ldfd, rmzmrvj`c a`lmfbvd, dutbiued ` s`tjbi `jvmjtdrd (1 sdtd)0. Djdf`t`ąhb hjlìbvbastvb zdf`cd s`rbv`jd ` edtmr`ldfd

Mvàmjg`ld utrbŤhd s`rbv`jd ` edtmr`ldfd (1 sdtd) 4?. _blde trbŤhbvd, vrstm trbŤhbvd

[dąujbvbastvmjd mvàmjg`ld trbŤhbvd pb pr`rbajè vrstded QrbŤhbv` debrt`zdg`lm, emtbam debrt`zdg`lm (1 sdtd)

44. [dspbrma trbŤhbvd [dspbrma trbŤhbvd u prb`zvbajbl, tribvdąhbl ` usfuźjbl almfdtjbst` (1 sdtd)

4;. \df`cm prb`zvbajlm ` ibtbv`c prb`zvbad[dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm trbŤhbvd prb`zvbajlm trbŤhbvd rdzabkfld Bkrdąuj prb`zvbajlm, hdfhufdg`lm (1 sdtd)

47. [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm zdf`cd ibtbv`c prb`zvbad

Djdf`t`ąhb hjlìbvbastvb Mvàmjg`ld utrbŤhd zdf`cd ibtbv`c prb`zvbad (7 sdtd)

41. [dąujbvbastvb rbkm \df`cm tribvdąhm rbkm u tribv`j` jd vmf`hb [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm tribvdąhm rbkm u tribv`j` jd vmf`hb ` edfb (= sdt`)

4=. Hdp`tdf[dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm hdp`tdfd (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



_`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` rlmŤdvdjlm jd pfbą` _bfdidjlm hbfbhv ld `f` `zfdzdh jd psdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td

Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu hbjtj` pfdj, k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr





Hbfbhv`l` 4,= Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm ;


;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm



43>

rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm `jd zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu

4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld jd pfbą` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbzdht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 7 ab 4= kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4,; ` 7 (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9= kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` svdtr` hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


Abedĉm zdadĉm 4= kbabvd Hbfbhv`l` 9= kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Ardź`ĉ Fut`fshy, @. mt df. (;?4? ) [dąujbvbastvb. \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gdrdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

9

Krbz Qbe`jdg, W. mt df. (;?4?) [dąujbvbastvb- pr`ruąj`h zd vlmźkm. \dirmk<Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

3

Hbjtj` pfdj zd tribvdąhd aruŤtvd ` bstdfm bkvmzj`hm pbrmzd jd abk`t, ;?4?. \dirmk<

Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

3 cttp<//www.vup.cr/

Kuaè`r, ^. (;??0) ‚[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ ‗ shr`ptd‖, jdstdvj` tmhstprmadvdjld ` vlmźk` `z prmaemtd "[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @" bkldvflmj jdwmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr/


Kmfdh, ^. (;?4;) Bsjbvm suvrmemjbi rdąujbvbastvd. \dirmk< Kmfdh Mxgmffmjs

Kmfdh, ^. (;??>) _rbnms`bjdfjb rdąujbvbastvb. \dirmk< \ibek`ĉ & _drtjmr` _mrvdj, @. (;??9) _rdht`ąj` vba`ą hrbz rdąujbvbastvb< bsjbvjb almfb. \dirmk< ^mrfdi Adscbnmr.

ůtdcdj, E. mt df (;?4?) [dąujbvbastvb tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd (prmed CWN@, EWN@). \dirmk< QMK _bsfbvjb sdvlmtbvdjlm



439

Kmfdh, ^. mt df (;?4?) [dąujbvbastvb pbauzmtj`hd s prèlmrèd hjl`źmjld. \dirmk< [[`N-_fus.

Iuf`j, A. mt df (;??>) [dąujbvbastvb tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd uz prèlmju EmĔujdrbaj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c stdjadradn jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld pbrmzj`c prbp`sd. \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd ` n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

Ćdsbp`s`< 4. [dąujbvbastvb n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) ;. [dąujbvbastvb, rmv`z`ld n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) 7. N`jdjg`lm ` pbrmz` (www.tmk.cr )

\dhbjsh` ` pbazdhbjsh` prbp`s`<4. \dhbj b rdąujbvbastvu ;. _rdv`fj`h b struhtur` ` sdarźdlu iba`Ťjl`c n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld 7. EmĔujdrbaj` rdąujbvbastvmj` stdjadra` 1. EmĔujdrbaj` stdjadra` n`jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld

=. Crvdtsh` stdjadra` n`jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe jd pfbą` prmabstdfè stuamjtèd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usp lmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.

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433

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld rmabv`t` prbn. ar.sg. \fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 7

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldMhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+4=^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

ar.sg. E`rldjd [daedj Nujdr`ĉ 4.0. [dz`jd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s emtbaded hblm bebiuĉulu abjbŤmjlm hfluąj`c bafuhd u pbsfbvdjlupbauzmĉd, d hbl` su jmbpcbajd pbafbid zd adfljlm usdvrŤdvdjlm u prèlmj` dfdtd u bafuą`vdjlu u pbsfbvdjlu. G`fl lmstlmgdjlm jmbpcbaj`c vlmŤt`jd zd mhbjbeshu djdf`zu hfluąj`c prbkfmed edf`c pbauzmtj`hd. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zdabjbŤmjlm bptèdfj`c pbsfbvj`c bafuhd u ibspbadrshè suklmhtèd.


]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @@ lm pbfbźmj `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @.


- stmĉ` vlmŤt`jm hbr`Ťtmjld dfdtd pbtrmkj`c zd mhbjbeshu djdf`zu hfluąj`c prbkfmed u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu edf`cpbauzmtj`hd abjbŤmjlm bptèdfj`c pbsfbvj`c bafuhd

- hvdjt`tdt`vjb uspbrma`t` pbsfbvdjlm s hbjhurmjtjè suklmhtèd, bajbsjb smhtbrbe u bhv`ru hblmi suklmht pbsfulm- djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshè

pbauzmĉèd ` pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst` - hvdjt`tdt`vjb vrmajbvdt` bafuhm bpmrdt`vjbi hdrdhtmrd u jmprmavà`vè uvlmtèd pbsfbvjbi bhruźmjld - sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp td `z hbfmi`ld Mhbjbehd pbauzmtjŤtvd @@, ebĉ`<



430

hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld) scvdt`t` svrcu rdzavdldjld trbŤhbvd ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam rdzavdldjld trbŤhbvd prèlmjluluĉ` absdadŤjlm zjdjlm `vlmŤt`jm `z edtmedtshb-stdt`st`ąh`c emtbad

spbzjdt` vdźjbst prbg`lmjm pbsfbvjbi rmzuftdtd pbauzmĉd ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam prbglmjl`vdjld vr`lmajbst` pbauzmĉd `zrdąujdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` dpsbfutjm ` rmfdt`vjm elmrm usplmŤjbst` pbsfbvdjld

rdzuelmt` vdźjbst mhbjbe`hm pblma`j`c pbsfbvj`c nujhg`ld u pbauzmĉu

`zrdąujdt` bptèdfju vmf`ą`ju jdruaźkm ` krbl jdruaźk` `zrdąujdt` bptèdfju vmf`ą`ju zdf`cd ` prbglmju pbtrmkj`c zdf`cd s bkz`rbe jd prmav`Ĕmjm ` jmprmav`Ĕmjm uvlmtm

jdkdvm

rdzuelmt` zdhbj`tbst` u prb`zvbajl` ` pfdj`rdt` prb`zvbajlu s bkz`rbe jd prmav`Ĕdjlm pbldvfl`vdjld zdhbj`tbst` a`shbjt`rdt` pre`thm ` `zadthm pbtrmkj`c hba pfdj`rdjld sv`c n`jdjg`lsh`c ufdidjld ` bg`lmj`t` mn`hdsjbst `jvmst`g`lsh`c

prblmhdtd

prmavàlmt` `zelmr`t` r`z`h u pbsfbvdjlu


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. Wvrcd rdzavdldjld trbŤhbvd. Djdf`t`ąhd emtbad rdzavdldjldtrbŤhbvd (7 sdtd)

;. Emtbad prbglmjm, emtbad irdn`ąhm `jtmrpbfdg`lm, emtbad rdąujshm `jtmrpbfdg`lm (7 sdtd) 7. Emtbad vdr`ldtbrd, emtbad jdledjl`c hvdardtd u rdzavdldjlu trbŤhbvd (7 sdtd) 1. _bsfbvj` usplmc pbauzmĉd. _bsfbvj` rmzuftdt pbauzmĉd. _blde ` pbtrmkd prbglmjl`vdjld vr`lmajbst` pbauzmĉd.

Emtbam prbglmjl`vdjld vr`lmajbst` pbauzmĉd (7 sdtd) =. Dpsbfutjd elmr`fd usplmŤjbst` pbsfbvdjld. _blde ` ąèkmj`g` prb`zvbajbst` rdad. Elmrmjlm stupjld prb`zvbajbst`

rdad. _blde ` ąèkmj`g` mhbjbe`ąjbst` (7 sdtd) >. Elmrmjlm stupjld mhbjbe`ąjbst`. _blde ` ąèkmj`g` rmjtdk`fjbst`. Elmrmjlm stupjld rmjtdk`fjbst`. _bvmzdjbst elmr`fd

usplmŤjbst` pbsfbvdjld (7 sdtd) 9. Mhbjbe`hd rmsursd. Mhbjbe`hd pbsfbvj`c nujhg`ld (7 sdtd)3. _blde ` pbalmfd mhbjbesh`c zdhbjd prb`zvbajlm. \dhbj bpdadluĉ`c pr`jbsd. \dhbj supst`tug`lm. \dhbj` e`jèued,

edhsèued ` bptèued (; sdtd)0. \dhbj edsbvjm prb`zvbajlm. \dhbj trdjspbrtj`c trbŤhbvd ` fbhdg`lm. @zkbr bridj`zdg`lshbi t`pd prb`zvbajlm (7 sdtd)4?. Qmbr`ld `jvmst`g`ld. _blde, vrstm ` `zvbr n`jdjg`rdjld `jvmst`g`ld. @jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht (7 sdtd)44. Elmrmjlm mn`hdsjbst` jvmst`g`ld. Wtdt`ąhm emtbam bglmjm mn`hdsjbst` `jvmst`g`lm (7 sdtd)4;. A`jde`ąhm emtbam bglmjm mn`hdsjbst` jvmst`g`lm (7 sdtd)47. [`z`h ` jm`zvlmsjbst u `jvmst`g`lshbe bafuą`vdjlu. @amjt`n`hdg`ld r`z`hd. Elmrmjlm r`z`hd. ^rmajbvdjlm r`z`ąj`c

`jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (7 sdtd)41. Bafuą`vdjlm u uvlmtèd jm`zvlmsjbst`. Djdf`zd r`z`hd sèufdg`lbe (7 sdtd)4=. ]tlmgdl pbrmzj`c stbpd ` `jnfdg`lm jd `jvmst`g`lshu bafuhu (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



40?

tmrmjshd jdstdvd


- _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` - Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu- _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld- Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr





Hbfbhv`l` 4 Wme`jdrsh` rda _rbkfmesh` zdadtdh ?,=



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a `b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 0? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` pbcdĔdjlm jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

Hbjdąju bstvdrmju pbz`t`vju bglmju stuamjt` ebiu pbkbflŤdt` rlmŤdvdjlme prbkfmeshbi zdadthd. _bkbflŤdjlm bglmjmpbardzue`lmvd pbvmĉdjlm zd lmaju bglmju v`Ťm ba pbstìjutm pbz`t`vjm bglmjm pr` pbfdidjlu hbfbhv`ld `f` `sp`td. ] sfuądludhb sm stuamjt bafuą` zd rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmeshbi zdadthd r`lmŤmj prbkfmesh` zdadtdh stuamjt lm auźdj prmadt` u p`sdjbebkf`hu pr`lm pbfdidjld `sp`td.


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld



404

Hdr`ĉ, E. (;??=), Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmĉd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh ;;

Avbrsh`, W., [uźd, N. ` HbvŤgd, ^. (;??9), _bsfbvjd mhbjbe`ld, Ndhuftmt bridj`zdg`lm` `jnbredt`hm ` Q@^D, ^drdźa`j

=



Wdjt`j`, @. (400=), E`hrbmhbjbe`hd, C@K@W, \dirmkLmfdv`ĉ, [dvf`ĉ, _., Wtdrąmv`ĉ, D. ` Wdedjbv`ĉ, L. (4007), Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmĉd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u \dirmku, \dirmkJbvdh, K. (4000), N`jdjg`lshd trź`Ťtd ` `jst`tug`lm, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh

_dvfbv`ĉ, L., ůhrt`ĉ, E. (4009), E`hrbmhbjbe`hd, E`hrbrda a.b.b, \dirmk_yja`gh, [. W., [uk`jnmfa, A. F. (;??4), E`grbmgbjbe`gs, _rmjt`gm Cdff, Jmw LmrsmyWdeumfsbj, _., Jbracdus, Y. (;???), Mhbjbe`ld, EDQM, \dirmk


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, s jdifdshbe jd pr`lmafbim stuamjdtd zd `zrdau pbsmkj`czdadtdhd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` `zrdabe zdadtdhd jdhbj prbvmamjbi hbfbhv`ld rda` bthfdjldjld jmldsjbĉd ùpbtpujldvdjld zjdjld.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pb trmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



40;

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) >

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldN`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm ; 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7+?+?+?

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

4


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld

; 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`


edjlm ba ;?% v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ld Bsjbvj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm stlmgdjlm zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąlu pbsfbvj`c n`jdjg`ld pbsmk`gm `z pbaruąld `zrdam `jvmst`g lsh`cprblmhdtd.


]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm 4 uhfluąulu<

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c mhbjbesh`c ` n`jdjg lsh`c pblebvd,

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvd kuaźmt`rdjld hdp`tdfd

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c tmre`jd, pbzjdvdjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld pbauzmtj`hd.

Wuhfdajb jdvmamjbe uvlmt zd `zfdzdh jd `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ lm pbfbźmj `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zdpbauzmtj`hm @.


4. sdebstdfjb `strdź`t` ` `amjt`n`g`rdt` pbtmjg`ldfjm `zvbrm n`jdjg`rdjld ` sdebstdfjb rdzv`t` prblmhtju `amlu u hbjtmhstupbstpr`stupjm pbebĉ` Murbpshm uj`lm.



407

;.hvdjt`tdt`vjb pbaupr`lmt` n`jdjg`lshb bafuą`vdjlm, 7. hrm`rdt` hvdjt`tdt`vjm a`lmfbvm `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd,1. vdfbr`z`rdt` vr`lmajbst ebv`jm, hdp`tdfd bkvmzd,=.sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm ;, ebĉ`<

4. Bglmjl`vdt` rdzf`ą`tm n`jdjg`lshm bpg`lm uzèdluĉ` u bkz`r hr`tmr`l vrmemjshm vr`lmajbst` jbvgd ;. ]prdvfldt` svè hbepbjmjtded bkrtjbi hdp`tdfd u pbauzmĉu 7. @zrda`t` pfdj pbsfbvdjld `jvmst`g`lsh` mfdkbrdt1. ^rmajbvdt` emtbam n`jdjg`lshbi bafuą`vdjld pr`f`hbe `zkbrd bpg`ld n`jdjg`rdjld ` bglmjm `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd=. @jtmrprmt`rdt` rmzuftdtm prbvmamjm mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshm djdf`zm

>. Bg`lmj`t` spfdt`vbst ufdidjld u jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht9. [dji`rdt` rdzf`ą`tm `jvmst`g`lshm bpg`lm prmed rmzuftdtèd mhbjbeshb ‗ n`jdjg`lshm tm stdt`ąhm ` a`jde`ąhm djdf`zm 3. @zdkrdt` pbvbflj`lu `jvmst`g`lshu bpg`lu0. @zrdĔ`vdt` `jvmst`g`lshm prblmhtd dpf`hdg`lbe n`jdjg`lsh`c nujhg`ld u bhv`ru Mxgmfd


4. ]vba u kuaźmt`rdjlm hdp`tdfd (7 sdtd) ;. _bsfbvjb pfdj`rdjlm (7 sdtd)

d. Wdarźdl pbsfbvjbi pfdjd.k. @zrdad ifdvjbi pfdjd pbsfbvdjldg. @jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht`

7. Emtbabfbi`ld zrdam `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (7 sdtd)d. Wdźmtdh jvmst`g`lshbi prblmhtd k. Djdf`zd trź`Ťtd g. Wtruhturd ` a`jde`hd zdpbsfmj`ca. Qmcj`ąhb ‗ tmcjbfbŤh` ` fbhdg`lsh` dspmht` `zvmakm pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd (7 sdtd)

1. Mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshd djdf`zd 4 a`b. (7 sdtd)d. ]fdidjlm u auibtrdlju èbv`ju

k. ]fdidjlm u bkrtjd srmastvd

g. @zvbr` n`jdjg`rdjld `jvmst`g`lm=. Mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshd djdf`zd ; a`b. (7 sdtd)

d. _rbrdąuj debrt`zdg`lm k. _fdj btpfdtm zdledg. _rblmhg`ld pr`cbad ` rdscbada. _rblmhg`ld rdąujd abk`thd ` iuk`thd

>. Mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshd djdf`zd 7 a`b. (7 sdtd)d. _rblmhg`ld n`jdjg`lshbi tbhd

k. _rblmhg`ld mhbjbeshbi tbhd



401

9. Emtbam n`jdjg`lshbi bafuą`vdjld (7 sdtd) 3. Wtdt`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd (7 sdtd)0. A`jde`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd 4 a`b. (7 sdtd)

d. [dzabkflm pbvrdtd k. Ć`std sdadŤjld vr`lmajbst

4?. A`jde`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd ; a`b. (7 sdtd) d. @jtmrjd stbpd prbn`tdk`fjbst`

k. @jamhs prbn`tdk`fjbst`

44. A`jde`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd 7 a`b. (7 sdtd) d. Wtbpd pr`jbsd

k. Djdf`zd f`hvàjbst`

g. _rdv`fb pdfgda. _rbslmąjd prbn`tdk`fjbst prblmhtd m. Djdf`zd bslmtfl`vbst`

4;. _rdht`ąjm vlmźkm ‗ `zrdad pr`lmafbid pbsfbvjbi pfdjd prmed zdadjè pdrdemtrèd (7 sdtd)47. _rèlmjd rdąujdfd u `zrda` `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (7 sdtd)41. _rèlmjd Mxgmfu u bglmju mn`hdsjbst` `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (7 sdtd)

4=. _rmzmjtdg`lm sdebstdfjb zrdĔmj`c `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (7 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


b _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` vlmźk`

b Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu

b _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` rlmŤdvdjlm jd pfbą`

b @zrda`t` sdebstdfj` jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht

b Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ?,0 _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht 4,;




40=



Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm (bstdfbup`sdt`)

?,7

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ?,> ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4=kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld jd pfbą` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz

dht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab = kbabvd. 7. \dfdidjlm jd jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wtuamjt` hbl` dht`vjb sualmfulu u jdstdv`, rlmŤdvdlu prdht`ąjm sfuądlmvm, abjbsm zdhfluąhm `z djdf`z`rdj`c jdstdvj`c tmed tmjdvmamjb prmzmjt`rdlu prma bstdfè stuamjtèd ebiu bstvdr`t` ba 4-4? kbabvd1. @zrdad prblmhtd (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt` èdlu bkvmzu `zrda`t` sdebstdfj` `jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht hblè bstvdrulu ba 4-;? kbabvd=. Hbfbhv`l` 4` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bg lmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` =? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`tàvd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, zdfdidjlm jd jdstdv`, `zrdad prblmhtd, p`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lmpbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<1. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4= kbabvd=. Abedĉm zdadĉm = kbabvd >. \dfdidjlm jd jdstdv` 4? kbabvd9. _rblmht ;? kbabvd

3. Hbfbhv`l` =? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvdBglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td ` `zrdĔmj prblmht. Hbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.

;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjd uhjl`źj`g` putme bstdf`c ema`ld) Jdsfbv

Krblprèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`


ema`ld



40>

Brsdi, W. (;??;) Kuaźmt`rdjlm hdp`tdfd, Edsema`d, \dirmk7

Iuf`j, A.8 QuŤmh, K.8 dimr, F.(;??1) _bsfbvjb pfdj`rdjlm, hbjtrbfd ` djdf`zd, [`n,\irmk

;

Huvdą`ĉ, J. (;??=) K`zj`s - pfdj `f` pbauzmtj`ąh` prblmht . Wpf`t < Kmrmt`j7

_btj`h Idf`ĉ, H. (;??0) ‚Emtbabfbi`ld `zrdam `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd ‗ shr`ptd‖,jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` `z prmaemtd "N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @@"bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr/

;.4; Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd stua`lshbid

prbirded)

- G`jiufd, E.(;??4) Hdhb `zrda`t` pbsfbvj` pfdj ` `jvmst`g`lsh` mfdkbrdt , [[`N pfus, \dirmk- Huvdą`ĉ, J. (;??4) _bauzmtj`ąh` prblmht `f` Hdhb sdą`j`t` k`zj`s - pfdj2 < tmbr`lsh` pr`hdz, bifmaj` prèlmr`, hdtdfbi

pbauzmtj`ąh`c àmld. Wpf`t < ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm

;.4;. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`czjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe jd pfbą` prmabstdfè stuamjtèd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld). Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd `hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @j nbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm`zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`,zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd



409

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldN`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm ; - sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) ?+?+4+?

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

4


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld

; 4.4;. _rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f`


edjlm ba ;?% v`Ťm ba ;?%

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ld Bsjbvj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm stlmgdjlm zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąlu pbsfbvj`c n`jdjg`ld pbsmk`gm `z pbaruąld `zrdam `jvmst g`lsh`cprblmhdtd.


hbfmi`l

]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm ;uhfluąulu< pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c mhbjbesh`c ` n`jdjg`lsh`c pblebvd,

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvd kuaźmt`rdjld hdp`tdfd

pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c tmre`jd, pbzjdvdjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c zvlmŤtdld pbauzmtj`hd.

Wuhfdajb jdvmamjbe uvlmt zd bglmju sme`jdrshbi rdad `z hbfmi ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @@ lm bg`lmjlmj sme`jdrsh`rda `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @.


4. sdebstdfjb `strdź`t` ` `amjt`n`g`rdt` pbtmjg`ldfjm `zvbrm n`jdjg`rdjld ` sdebstdfjb rdzv`t` prblmhtju `amlu u hbjtmhstupbstpr`stupjm pbebĉ` Murbpshm uj`lm.

;.hvdjt`tdt`vjb pbaupr`lmt` n`jdjg`lshb bafuą`vdjlm,



403

7. hrm`rdt` hvdjt`tdt`vjm a`lmfbvm `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd,1. vdfbr`z`rdt` vr`lmajbst ebv`jm, hdp`tdfd bkvmzd,=.sualmfbvdt` u tèshbe rdau ` sdebstdfjb prmzmjt`rdt` struąjm sdarźdlm.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj jdp`sdjbi ` prmzmjt`rdjbi sme`jdrshbi rdad `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm ;, ebĉ`<

4. Bglmjl`vdt` rdzf`ą`tm n`jdjg`lshm bpg`lm uzèdluĉ` u bkz`r hr`tmr`l vrmemjshm vr`lmajbst` jbvgd;. ]prdvfldt` svè hbepbjmjtded bkrtjbi hdp`tdfd u pbauzmĉu 7. @zrda`t` pfdj pbsfbvdjld `jvmst`g lsh` mfdkbrdt1. ^rmajbvdt` emtbam n`jdjg`lshbi bafuą`vdjld pr`f`hbe `zkbrd bpg`ld n`jdjg`rdjld ` bglmjm `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd =. @jtmrprmt`rdt` rmzuftdtm prbvmamjm mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshm djdf`zm>. Bg`lmj`t` spfdt`vbst ufdidjld u jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht9. [dji`rdt` rdzf`ą`tm `jvmst`g`lshm bpg`lm prmed rmzuftdtèd mhbjbeshb ‗ n`jdjg`lshm tm stdt`ąhm ` a`jde`ąhm djdf`zm

3. @zdkrdt` pbvbflj`lu `jvmst`g`lshu bpg`lu0. @zrdĔ`vdt` `jvmst`g`lshm prblmhtd dpf`hdg`lbe n`jdjg`lsh`c nujhg`ld u bhv`ru Mxgmfd


4 ]vba u kuaźmt`rdjlm hdp`tdfd (4 sdt); _bsfbvjb pfdj`rdjlm (4 sdt)

d. Wdarźdl pbsfbvjbi pfdjd.k. @zrdad ifdvjbi pfdjd pbsfbvdjldg. @jvmst`g`lsh` prblmht`

7 Emtbabfbi`ld zrdam `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (4 sdt)a. Wdźmtdh jvmst`g`lshbi prblmhtd m. Djdf`zd trź`Ťtd n. Wtruhturd ` a`jde`hd zdpbsfmj`ci. Qmcj`ąhb ‗ tmcjbfbŤh` ` fbhdg`lsh` dspmht` `zvmakm pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd (4 sdt)

1 Mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshd djdf`zd 4 a`b. (4 sdt)4. ]fdidjlm u auibtrdlju èbv`ju;. ]fdidjlm u bkrtjd srmastvd7. @zvbr` n`jdjg`rdjld `jvmst`g`lm

= Mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshd djdf`zd ; a`b. (4 sdt)``. _rbrdąuj debrt`zdg`lm

```. _fdj btpfdtm zdled`v. _rblmhg`ld pr`cbad ` rdscbadv. _rblmhg`ld rdąujd abk`thd ` iuk`thd

> Mhbjbeshb n`jdjg`lshd djdf`zd 7 a`b. (4 sdt)v`. _rblmhg`ld n`jdjg`lshbi tbhdv``. _rblmhg`ld mhbjbeshbi tbhd

9 Emtbam n`jdjg`lshbi bafuą`vdjld (4 sdt)3 Wtdt`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd (4 sdt)0 A`jde`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd 4 a`b. (4 sdt)



400

v```. [dzabkflm pbvrdtd`x. Ć`std sdadŤjld vr`lmajbst

4? A`jde`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd ; a`b. (4 sdt)x. @jtmrjd stbpd prbn`tdk`fjbst`x`. @jamhs prbn`tdk`fjbst`

44 A`jde`ąhm emtbam zd bglmju mn`hdsjbst` prblmhdtd 7 a`b. (4 sdt)x``. Wtbpd pr`jbsdx```. Djdf`zd f`hvàjbst`x`v. _rdv`fb pdfgdxv. _rbslmąjd prbn`tdk`fjbst prblmhtd xv`. Djdf`zd bslmtfl`vbst`

4; _rdht`ąjm vlmźkm ‗ `zrdad pr`lmafbid pbsfbvjbi pfdjd prmed zdadjè pdrdemtrèd (4 sdt)

47 _rèlmjd rdąujdfd u `zrda` `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (4 sdt)41 _rèlmjd Mxgmfu u bglmju mn`hdsjbst` jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (4 sdt)

4= _rmzmjtdg`lm sdebstdfjb zrdĔmj`c `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd (4 sdt)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


b pbcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm

b dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu ` amkdtded

b `zrdad sme`jdrshbi rdad

b prmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ?,4= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht



Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,3= Abedĉm zdadĉm (bstdfbup`sdt`)






;??

zdvrŤjbe sp`tu Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4=kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Wme`jdrsh` rda (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wtuamjt `zrdĔulm sme`jdrsh` rda jd badkrdju ` babkrmju tmeu tm `st` prmzmjt`rd prma aruiè stuamjtèd. Wme`jdrsh` rdabglmjlulm sm prmed hr`tmr`lèd hbepfmhsjbst` ` hvdf`tmt` `zrdam tm hvdf`tmt` `zrdĔmjm prmzmjtdg`lm ` prmzmjtdg`lsh`c vlmŤt`jd.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4= kbabvd;. Wme`jdrsh` rda 3= kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvdHbjdąjd bglmjd nbre`rd sm suhfdajb Hr`tmr`lèd bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`.


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Brsdi, W. (;??;) Kuaźmt`rdjlm hdp`tdfd, Edsema`d, \dirmk7

Iuf`j, A.8 QuŤmh, K.8 dimr, F.(;??1) _bsfbvjb pfdj`rdjlm, hbjtrbfd ` djdf`zd, [`n,\irmk

;

Huvdą`ĉ, J. (;??=) K`zj`s - pfdj `f` pbauzmtj`ąh` prblmht . Wpf`t < Kmrmt`j7

_btj`h Idf`ĉ, H. (;??0) ‚Emtbabfbi`ld `zrdam `jvmst`g`lsh`c prblmhdtd ‗ shr`ptd‖,jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld ` vlmźk` `z prmaemtd "N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @@"bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr/

;.4; Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdstua`lshbid prbirded)

- G`jiufd, E.(;??4) Hdhb `zrda`t` pbsfbvj` pfdj ` `jvmst`g`lsh` mfdkbrdt , [[`N pfus, \dirmk- Huvdą`ĉ, J. (;??4) _bauzmtj`ąh` prblmht `f` Hdhb sdą`j`t` k`zj`s - pfdj2 < tmbr`lsh` pr`hdz, bifmaj` prèlmr`, hdtdfbi

pbauzmtj`ąh`c àmld. Wpf`t < ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv` `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]

mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbststuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjldhbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbadrdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd



;?4

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) >

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@ 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

1=



4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-





;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu, nujhg`lm ` zdadĉm emjdaźemjtd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu, bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm uhblèd sm abidĔdlu prbelmjm u almfdtjbst` tribv`jm, tm djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld jd vdjlshbtribv`jshm pbsfbvjmprbgmsm vdjlshbtribv`jshu rdzelmju.


]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@ uh fluąulu< pbzjdvdjlm bsjbvj`c tribv`jsh`c pbsfbvj`c prbgmsd (jdkdvd, prbadld, shfda`Ťtmjlm), pbzjdvdjlm svrcm ` almfdtjbst tribv`jm.




@jtmrprmt`rdt` prè`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu _rè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd,

tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@, ebĉ`< Bkldsj`t` ufbiu ` zjdądl emjdaźemjtd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` djdf`z`rdt` prbgms pfdj`rdjld tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd.

Djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm `jst`tug`lm hblm almfulu ujutdr ibspbadrshbi sustdvd tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd mhbjbeshm prbkfmem shblèd sm susrmĉu suklmht` trź`Ťjbid ibspbadrstvd, hdb ` jbs`tmfl` mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm hbl` sm kdvm `zkbrbe elmrd



;?;

utlmgdld jd nujhg`bj`rdjlm pblma`j`c a`lmfbvd jdg`bjdfjbid ibspbadrstvd.

Amn`j`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` krbljd p`tdjld vdjlshbtribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld ` rdzuelmt` pblde vdjlshbtribv`jshm rdzelmjm



4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)_blde emjdaźemjtd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu. Emjdaźemjt ` edrhmt`ji. Emjdaźemjt ` strdtmi`ld. (; sdtd)

;. _rbgms pfdj`rdjld tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (7 sdtd)7. Edfbprbadlj` vmfmtribv`jsh` spfmt. (7 sdtd)1. ]fbid `jnbredg`lshbi sustdvd u emjdaźemjtu edfbprbadljbid pbauzmĉd. (7 sdtd)=. Edrhmt`jŤhd pbaruąld ` vdr`ldkfm. (7 sdtd)>. Edrhmt`jŤhd pbaruąld ` vdr`ldkfm ‗ djdf`zd jd prèlmru tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (7 sdtd) 9. Djdf`zd ąèkmj`hd dsbrtèdjd fbhdg`lm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd. (; sdtd)

@. hbfbhv`l. (4 sdt)3. Qribv`jshm pbsfbvjm lma`j`gm, tribv`jshd pbauzmĉd ` bkf`g` surdajlm. (; sdtd)0. Edfbprbadljm pbsfbvjm lma`j`gm. mfmtribv`jshm pbsfbvjm lma`j`gm. (7 sdtd)4?. Wustdv` nrdjŤ`zm.. (7 sdtd)44. ^djlshd tribv`jd ` vdjlshbtribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm. (7 sdtd)4;. EmĔujdrbaj` tribvdąh` bk`ądl`, zrdz`, prdv`fd. (7 sdtd)47. Bpmrdt`vjb pbsfbvdjlm ` pbauzmtj`Ťtvb u ^Q. (7 sdtd)41.. _r`prmed, uibvdrdjlm ` `zvrŤmjlm ^Q pbsfbvd ` bkdvfldjlm usfuźj`c almfdtjbst` u ^Q. (7 sdtd)4=. @zfdidjlm djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd, pbjdvfldjlm ` prbvlmrd zjdjld, tm pbtp`s`. (; sdtd)





;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu.

Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu, k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld (wmk strdj`gm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`). @zrdad djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd. _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krblMGQW kbabvd baibvdrd






;?7

kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst` hbfmi`ld) Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda Djdf`zd sfuądld 4



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab = kbabvd zd dht`vjbst u jdstdv`.7. Djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd Wtuamjt `zrdabe djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 -4= kbabvd.1. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm,dht`vjbst` u jdstdv` ` djdf`zm tribv`jshbipbauzmĉd.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` = kbabvd Djdf`zd tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd 4= kbabvdHbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




Jdsfbv

Krbl




4=

;. tdvf`ĉ, H. (;?47) Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@. Jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld‚Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjl @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr




;?1


Djar`ldj`ĉ, @. (;??4) ^djlshbtribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm. \dirmk< E`hrbrdaWmimtf`ld, \. (4000) Edfbprbadld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl . Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhuEdt`ĉ, K. (;??1) ^djlshd tribv`jd. \dirmk< W`jmri`ldWhup`jd dutbrd. (;??0) _bsfbvdjlm tribv`jm ‗ prdvb- rdąujbvbast vb ‗ pbrmz` . \dirmk < [`N


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbe djdf`z`rdjld prdht`ąj`c prèlmrd tmemflme ąmid ebiu bstvdr`t` kbabvm`z dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`. _r`f`hbe pr`prmed zd p`sdjlm hbfbhv`ld ` `zrdam djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd stuamjtèd lm ba strdjmjdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ldhba stuamjdtd.] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd,rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` kbabvèd `z djdf`zm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd. ]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè

prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hb fbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;?=

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM



4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@ - sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=



4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-





;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu, nujhg`lm ` zdadĉm emjdaźemjtd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu, bkrdzfbź`t` uvlmtm uhbl`ed sm abidĔdlu prbelmjm u almfdtjbst` tribv`jm, tm djdf`z`rdt` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld jd vdjlshbtribv`jshm pbsfbvjmprbgmsm vdjlshbtribv`jshu rdzelmju.


Jmed uvlmtd




@jtmrprmt`rdt` ` pr`e`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu


;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? `scbad uąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj basfuŤdjm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm ` jdp`sdjbi sme`jdrshbi rdad `z hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshbpbsfbvdjlm @@, ebĉ`< Bkldsj`t` ufbiu ` zjdądl emjdaźemjtd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` djdf`z`rdt` prbgms pfdj`rdjld tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd.



;?>


Amn`j`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` krbljd p`tdjld vdjlshbtribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld ` rdzuelmt` pblde vdjlshbtribv`jshm rdzelmjm



4. ._blde emjdaźemjtd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu. Emjdaźemjt ` edrhmt`ji. Emjdaźemjt ` strdtmi`ld. (4 sdt);. _rbgms pfdj`rdjld tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (4 sdt)7. Edfbprbadlj` vmfmtribv`jsh` spfmt. (4 sdt)1. ]fbid `jnbredg`lshbi sustdvd u emjdaźemjtu edfbprbadljbid pbauzmĉd. (4 sdt)=. Edrhmt`jŤhd pbaruąld ` vdr`ldkfm. (4 sdt)>. Edrhmt`jŤhd pbaruąld ` vdr`ldkfm ‗ djdf`zd jd prèlmru tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (4 sdt) 9. Djdf`zd ąèkmj`hd dsbrtèdjd fbhdg`lm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd. (4 sdt)3. Qribv`jshm pbsfbvjm lma`j`gm, tribv`jshd pbauzmĉd ` bkf`g` surdajlm. (4 sdt)0. Edfbprbadljm pbsfbvjm lma`j`gm. mfmtribv`jshm pbsfbvjm lma`j`gm. (4 sdt)4?. Wustdv` nrdjŤ`zm.. (4 sdt)44. ^djlshd tribv`jd ` vdjlshbtribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm. (4 sdt)4;. EmĔujdrbaj` tribvdąh` bk`ądl`, zrdz`, prdv`fd. (4 sdt)47. Bpmrdt`vjb pbsfbvdjlm ` pbauzmtj`Ťtvb u ^Q. (4 sdt)41.. _r`prmed, uibvdrdjlm ` `zvrŤmjlm ^Q pbsfbvd ` bkdvfldjlm usfuźj`c almfdtjbst` u ^Q. (4 sdt)4=.. ^djlshbtribv`jshd k`fdjgd (4 sdt)




;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c zk`vdjld u abemj` crvdtshbi ibspbadrstvd àlmfdtjbst` tribv`jm.Jbs`t` jd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu prmav`Ĕmju zd sme`jdrshu jdstdvu `z hbfmi`ld Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@.

Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdt` sme`jdrsh` rda, prmed badkrdjbl tme`, tm id sdebstdfjb `zfbź`t` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. Dht`vjb ` hr`t`ąhb sualmfbvdjlm pr`f`hbe prmzmjtdg`lm aruic sme`jdrsh`c r dabvd (hrbz pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld ` advdjlm baibvbrd).









;?9

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjbst jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bcdĔdjlm ` dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu pbcdĔdjldsme`jdrshm jdstdvm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4? kbabvd, d jd tmemflu svblm dht`vjbst` (pbstdvfldjld p`tdjld, advdjld baibvbrd)t`lmhbe `zvmakm ` prmzmjtdg`lm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd arui`c stuamjdtd ebźm bstvdr`t` lbŤ abadtj`c edhsèdfjb 4 ? kbabvd.Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd ` jl`cbvm dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. _`sdj` a`b sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Jdp`sdj` sme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wdebstdfjb jdp`sdj sme`jdrsh` rda, u shfdau s uputded, stuamjtubebiuĉdvd stlmgdjlm ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd.7. _rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_rmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sdebstdfju prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrshbi rdad ebźmbstvdr`t` ba 4? ab edhsèdfjb 1? kbabvd, bv`sjb b hvdf`tmt` prmzmjtdg`lm.

] hbjdąju bglmju `z sme`jdrshbi rdad ufdzm rmzuftdt` pbcdĔdjld ` dht`vjbst` jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, p`sdjbi a`lmfd rdad `jlmibvm usemjm prmzmjtdg`lm.






]hupjb 4?? kbabvd



JdsfbvKrbl




4=

;. tdvf`ĉ, H. (;?47) Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @. Jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld‚Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` cttp<//www.vup.cr



Djar`ldj`ĉ, @. (;??4) ^djlshbtribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm. \dirmk< E`hrbrdaWmimtf`ld, \. (4000) Edfbprbadld u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl . Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhuEdt`ĉ, K. (;??1) ^djlshd tribv`jd. \dirmk< W`jmri`ldWhup`jd dutbrd. (;??0) _bsfbvdjlm tribv`jm ‗ prdvb- rdąujbvbastvb ‗ pbrmz` . \dirmk < [`NCrvdtshd ibspbadrshd hbebrd www.cih.cr

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/

http://www.hgk.hr/



;?3

Arźdvj` zdvba zd stdt`st`hu www.azs.cr

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm zfdzj`czjdjld, v lmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld ` advdjlme baibvbrd, d pbsmk`gm pr`f`hbesdebstdfjm `zrdam ` prmzmjt`rdjld rdad. Q`lmhbe `zvrŤmjld sme`jdrshbi zdadthd, abk`vmjbi ba prmaemtjbi jdstdvj`hd,bajbsjb pr` p`sdjlu rdad, stuamjtèd lm ba jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlmpbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd, d pbtrmkj`c zd hvdf`tmtdj pr`stup rlmŤdvdjlu sme`jdrshbi zdadthd,`zrda` rdad hdb ` jlmibvbl prmzmjtdg`l`.] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu jdstdvj`hd vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, bdht`vjbst` stuamjdtd, rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` `zrda` sme`jdrshbi rdad tm pr`f`hbe jlmibvm prmzmjtdg`lm.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, d pbsmk`gm jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b

zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm sme`jdrshm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/

http://www.dzs.hr/



;?0

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld Ar.sg. Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldWtruąjd prdhsd 4 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4?=



4




bp`sd hbfmi`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldBsjbvj` g`flmv` hbfmi`ld «Wtruąjd prdhsd 4¸ su usvdldjlm prdht`ąj`c ue`lmĉd, hbepmtmjg`ld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąld tribv`jshbipbsfbvdjld, rdzv`ldjlm bslmĉdld baibvbrjbst` ` tèshbi rdad ujutdr rdajbi bhruźmjld tm bspbsbkfldvdjlm zd almfbtvbrjb`jtmir`rdjlm tmbr`lm ` prdhsm.



hbfmi`l

-



4. djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshèpbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tm ustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm,

;. rdzf`hbvdt` prbadljm edrhmt`jŤhm strdtmi`lm

7. `jtmrprmt`rdt` prè`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribvjshbe pbsfbvdjlu1. prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd,tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd

=. bg`lmj`t` prèlmju pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm zd ujdprmĔmjlm fbi`st`ąh`c prbgmsd u ujutdrjlbl ` vdjlshbl tribv`j`


4. [dzv`t` prbnms`bjdfj` amjt`tmt hba stuamjdtd.;. _rèlmjl`vdt` `jtmra`sg`pf`jdrj pr`stup pr` abjbŤmjlu bafuhd.7. _rèlmjl`vdt` strdtmi`lm ` tmcj`hm u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed u hbjhrmtjè pbsfbvjè s`tudg`lded `z pbaruąld tribv`jm 1. Glmfbv`tb sdifmadt` prbgms rdad u hbjhrmtjbe pbauzmĉu =. @jtmir`rdt` stmąmjd tmbr`lshd ` prdht`ąjd zjdjld



;4?

>. Bkdvfldt` pbsfbvm tribvjshbi pbsfbvdjld ` bstdfm srbajm pbsfbvm.


4. \dadĉm, zjdąmjlm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm (9 sdt`)

;. ^mfmprbadljb pbsfbvdjlm (9 sdt`)

7. Edfbprbadljb pbsfbvdjlm (9 sdt`)

1. Krbl zdpbsfmj`c, prb`zvbajbst rdad ` trbŤhbv` (9 sdt`)

=. Bridj`zdg`ld ąèkmj`hd pbsfbvjbi prbgmsd (9 sdt`)

>. Qribv`jsh` pbsfbvj` prbgms` - jdkdvd, shfda`Ťtmjlm, prbadld (9 sdt`)

9. _rbgms pfdj`rdjld tribv`jshbid pbauzmĉd (9 sdt`)

3. Djdf`zd pbstblmĉmi stdjld tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (9 sdt`) 0. Wuvrmemj` jnbredg`lsh` sustdv` ` struhturd edfbprbadlm (9 sdt`)

4?. Hbjtrbf`ji (9 sdt`)

44. Fbhdg`ld (9 sdt`)

4;. Dsbrtèdj rbkm ` usfuid (9 sdt`)

47. _bf`t`hd g`lmjd ` hdfhufdt`vjm emtbam (9 sdt`)

41. _rbebt`vjm dht`vjbst` (9 sdt`)

4=. Emtbam prbadlm, vmf`ą`jd prbadvdbj`gm ` àmlj` pfdj (fdy but) (9 sdt`)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


Wtuamjt` su bkvmzj` pbcdĔdt` struąju prdhsu 4 u tribv`jshbe pbauzmĉu u trdldjlu 4= adjd (9 sdt` ajmvjb) 54?= sdt`struąjm prdhsm tm dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u prbgmsu rdad, u stvdrjbe, pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu `zvrŤdvdluĉ` dht`vjbst` ` zdadthmhbl` su jdvmamj` u pfdju struąjm prdhsm sdstdvflmjbe ba strdjm emjtbrd. QdhbĔmr, bkvmzd lm stuamjtd t`lmhbe trdldjldstruąjm prdhsm pfdj`rdjlm, pr`prmedjlm ` `zrdad ajmvj`hd rdad struąjm prdhsm hbl` pb zdvrŤmthu abjbsm jd uvà emjtbru.





Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda Wtruąjm rda`bj`gm(bstdfbup`sdt`)

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ]semj` `sp`t Qmrmjshd jdstdvd(bstdfb

up`sdt`) 7,=

;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdad @zvbĔmjlm struąjm prdhsm hrmĉm s pbstupjè uvbĔmjlme stuamjdtd u pbsfbvm tribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld u hbjhrmtjbe



;44

stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jdzdvrŤjbe sp`tu

pbsfbvjbe suklmhtu. Wtuamjtm t`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm prdt` emjtbr. _rv` zdadtdh emjtbrd lm uput`t` stuamjtd upbauzmĉm ialm ĉm bkdvfldt` prdht`ąju jdstdvu. Abhuemjt hbl` prdt` jdvmamju dht`vjbst lm ]putj`gd jd hblbl sm jdvbam èm `prmzèm stuamjtd ` pbauzmĉm u hblme ĉm bkdvfldt` struąju prdhsu, d pbtp`sulm lu prbamhdj zd jdstdvu. _r`lm upuĉ`vdjldstuamjtd jd `zvbĔmjlm struąjm prdhsm emjtbr ` stuamjt zdlmajb `zrdĔulu pfdj struąjm prdhsm u hbl me sm amtdfljb jdvbam sv`pbsfbv` ` dht`vjbst` u hblèd k` stuamjt trmkdb sualmfbvdt` t`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm ` tb jd ajmvjbl kdz`. Wtuamjtt`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm vba` Ajmvj`h struąjm prdhsm u hbl` up`sulm svm pbsfbvm ` zdadthm u hblèd lm sualmfbvdb,hbjhrmtjd prdht`ąjd zjdjld hbld lm stmhdb tm vfdst`td zdpdźdjld. Emjtbr t`lmhbe trdldjld `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsmhbjt`ju`rdjb prdt` dht`vjbst` stuamjtd tm hbjtdht`rd pbsfbadvgd emjtbrd `z pbauzmĉd u hblme stuamjt bkdvfld struąju prdhsuhdhb k` sm `jnbre`rdb b ebt`vdg`l` ` hvdf`tmt` sualmfbvdjld stuamjtd u pbsfbvjbe prbgmsu pbauzmĉd. _b zdvrŤmthuprmav`Ĕmjbi trdldjld struąjm prdhsm stuamjt emjtbru abstdvfld Ajmvj`h struąjm prdhsm ` pbtvrau b `zvrŤmjbl struąjbl prdhs`jd tmemflu hblmi emjtbr abjbs` bafuhu b pbfdidjlu `sp`td `z jdvmamjbi hbfmi`ld. _r` up`s`vdjlu bkvmzjm prdhsm u `jamhsstuamjt lm auźdj svbe vba`tmflu prdhsm prmadt` "_btvraj`gu b bkdvflmjbl prdhs`", "Ajmvj`h prdhsm" (jd uvà), `spujlmju

"_r`ldvj`gu - _btvraj`gu zd prdhsu" ` `jamhs.


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Wvd f`tmrdturd `z pbfld mhbjbe`ld, irdjd tribv`jd ` srbajm irdjm.


Wvd f`tmrdturd `z pbfld mhbjbe`ld, irdjd tribv`jd ` srbajm irdjm.Edtmr`ldf` pbauzmĉd u hblme stuamjt bkdvfld struąju prdhsu.


] g`flu pba`zdjld hvdf`tmtm prmadvdjld, bridj`zdg`lm jdstdvm ` jdą`jd rdad sd stuamjtèd prbvba` sm hbjt`ju`rdjd stuamjtshdmvdfudg`ld u bkf`hu hbjzuftdg`ld ` djhmtd b hvdf`tmt` `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm u hblèd stuamjt` bglmjlulu hvdf`tmtu ` vdźjbst`zvmakm hbfmi`ld. ]splmŤjbst `zvmakm prbirded struąjm prdhsm bglmjlulm sm hrbz djdf`zu pbcdĔdjld struąjm prdhsm,dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd u pbsfbvjè dht`vjbstèd pbauzmĉd (pbvrmemjd prbvlmrd ba strdjm vba`tmfld stua`ld), dht`vjbstèd jdrda`bj`gded, `zrdabe sme`jdrd, sualmfbvdjld u tmrmjshbl jdstdv`, tm `zrdĔmjbe ajmvj`hu rdad struąjm prdhsm hbl` sustuamjt` auźj` abstdv`t` pb zdvrŤmthu hbfmi`ld.



;4;

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma.ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld_rbadljb pbsfbvdjlm 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1= _



4.




bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


x



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldG`fl lm bvfdadvdjlm tmbr`lshè zjdjlèd ` prdht`ąjè vlmŤt`jded prbadlj`c dht`vjbst` ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd jd trź`Ťtèdhrdljlm ` pbsfbvjm pbtrbŤjlm. ] hbfmi`lu lm pbtrmkjb upbzjdt` stuamjtm s emtbabfbi`lbe ` tmcj`hded prbadljbi pbsfbvdjldibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd prb`zvbajbi ` usfuźjbi smhtbrd u suvrmemjè uvlmtèd ifbkdf`zdg`lm ` `jnbredt`ąhbi bhruźmjld.


jmed


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< -rdzf`hbvdt` prbadljm ` edrhmt`jŤhm strdtmi`lm - prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdj lu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd, tmujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd


Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sp`td<- BkldŤjldvd tmemfljm nujhg`lm prbadljbi balmfd u pbauzmĉu- Hdtmibr`z`rd uspbrmĔulm trź`Ťtd hrdljlm ` pbsfbvjm pbtrbŤjlm - Djdf`z`rd pblma`jm ebamfm pbjdŤdjld pbtrbŤdąd jd trź`Ťtèd - _rmpbzjdlm ` bkldŤjldvd ufbiu edrhmt`jŤhbi `jnbredg`lshbi sustdvd u prbadl` - _fdj`rd pbf`t`hu prbadlm usfuid- ]tvrĔulm spmg`n`ąjbst` pblma`j`c tmcj`hd prmibvdrdjld prbadlm

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmj 4. _rbadljb pbsfbvdjlm u ifbkdfjbe bhruźlu- 7 sdtd



;47

prmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm ;. _rbadld hdb trź`Ťjd nujhg`ld-7 sdtd7. ]prdvfldjlm prbadljè prbgmsbe-7 sdtd1. Edrhmt`ji-`jnbredg`lsh` sustdv zd pbtrmkm prbadlj`c bajbsd -1 sdtd=. @strdź`vdjlm trź`Ťtd prbadlm-7 sdtd>. Hfds`n`hdg`ld prb`zvbad hrdljlm pbtrbŤjlm -7 sdtd9. Hfds`n`hdg`ld prb`zvbad pbsfbvjm pbtrbŤjlm -7 sdtd3. _r`rbad, hdrdhtmr`st`hm ` hfds`n`hdg`ld usfuid -1 sdtd0. ]tlmgdl ź`vbtjbi g`hfusd prb`zvbad jd pbf`t`hu prbadlm-7 sdtd4?. _s`cbfbŤhd bkldŤjlmjld pbjdŤdjld pbtrbŤdąd -7 sdtd44. _rbgms bafuą`vdjld hupdgd ` ebamf` pbjdŤdjld u hupjl` -; sdtd4;. _bjdŤdjlm pbtrbŤdąd u hupjl` tur`st`ąhb-uibst`tmflsh`c prb`zvbad -7 sdtd47. ^rstm `jaustr`lshm hupjlm ` bafuą`vdjld b hupjl` -7 sdtd

41. _bsmkj` sfuądlmv` pbf`t`hm prbadlm jd pbsfbvjè trź`Ťtèd -; sdtd4=. ^lmŤt`jm prbadvdjld prmibvdrdjld -1 sdtd


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmj lmtmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu





Hbfbhv`l` 7,= Wme`jdrsh` rda (bstdfb up`sdt`)




4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 0? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t`

bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.





;41




;.4?. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (abstupjd

u hjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld)

JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

[uź`ĉ, A., Qbeą`ĉ, \., Qurhdfl, .< [dzelmjsh` bajbs` u edrhmt`jiu ‗ bridj`zdg`ld `

prbvmakd, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt uBs`lmhu, Bs`lmh, ;??;.

3

QbedŤmv`ĉ, F`Ťdj`j E.< _rbnms`bjdfjd prbadld ` prmibvdrdjlm, C]_]_, \dirmk, ;?4?>

;.44. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdstua`lshbid prbirded)

QbedŤmv`ĉ, F`Ťdj`j E.< _bsfbvj` sfuądlmv` `z prbadlm ` prmibvdrdjld, C]_]_, \dirmk, ;?4? Wmimtf`ld, \., Fdezd Edrbj`ĉ, E.< Wtrdtmi`ld edfbprbadlm, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Bs`lmh, 4000. [uź`ĉ, A, K`fbŤ, D., Qurhdfl, A.< m-Edrhmt`ji, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm L.L. Wtrbssedymrd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, ;??0.Hms`ĉ, Q.< _bjdŤdjlm pbtrbŤdąd, Bp`j`b, \dirmk, ;??9. Krdthb, W., Cmj`gc, ^., Bkrdz, [.< _rbadld, Jdrbajm jbv`jm, \dirmk, 400>.Gbcmj, G.< _bf`t`hm prbadlm ` edrhmt`jid, _btmgbj, \dirmk, 4003.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` `dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;4=

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld v.prma.ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldHbeuj`g`rdjlm s trź`Ťtme 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1=_+ 4= W



4.


Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd 4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdbp`sd hbfmi`ld

-


x



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


G`fl hbfmi`ld lm prmastdv`t` rdzf`ą`tm prbebg`lshm dht`vjbst` putme hbl`c pbauzmĉd ` arui` ibspbadrsh` suklmht` jdstblm uą`j` t`pbzjdtè svblm prb`zvbam, usfuim ` àmlm. Djdf`z`rdlu sm amn`j`g`lm, hbjgmpt` ` tmbr`lm edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm, spmg`n`ąj`dspmht` bifdŤdvdjld, ujdprmĔmjld prbadlm, bsbkjm prbadlm, a`rmhtjbi edrhmt`jid, bajbsd s ldvjbŤĉu ` pukf`g`tmtd. _btrmkdzd amtdfljè prbuądvdjlme hbeuj`hdg`lm fmź` u ą`jlmj`g` ad hbeuj`hdg`lsh` prbgms prmastdvfld bsjbvu zd svm pbsfbvjmbajbsm u aruŤtvu.



hbfmi`l

jmed


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< - prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`csuklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd - uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi pfdjd àrui`c djdf`zd trź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd


Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sp`td<- _rmpbzjdlm trmjabvm u suvrmemjbl hbeuj`hdg`l`- ]spbrmĔulm mn`hdsjbst pblma`j`c ema`ld hbeuj`hdg`lm



;4>

- Bafuąulm b pfdju edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm u pbauzmĉu - Nbreuf`rd mfmemjtm bifdŤ`vdąhm pbruhm - Hbjtrbf`rd usplmŤjbst prbebg`lshm hdepdjlm


4. _b`edjlm hbeuj`hdg`lm u suvrmemjbe bhruźmjlu- ; sdtd;. @jtmir`rdjd edrhmt`jŤhd hbeuj`hdg`ld. Mfmemjt` ` prbgms hbeuj`hdg`lm. ‗ 1 sdtd7. ]prdvfldjlm bifdŤdvdjlme. _blde bifdŤdvdjld. Hrmdt`vjd strdtmi`ld bifdŤ`vdąh` dpmf`. -7 sdtd1. Djdf`zd edsbvj`c ema`ld. -1 sdtd=. Wtrdtmi`ld ` pfdj`rdjlm ema ld e`hsd. -1 sdtd>. _bebĉjd bifdŤ`vdąhd srmastvd. -; sdtd9. ]jdprmĔmjlm prbadlm. _blebvjb barmĔmjlm ` vrstm. _fdj`rdjlm ujdprmĔmjld prbadlm.-7 sdtd3. @jtmrjmt ` bstdf` bkf`g` `zrdvjm edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm. -1 sdtd0. _r`elmjd @jtmrjmtd u `jtmir`rdjbl edrhmt`jŤhbl hbeuj`hdg`l`. -7 sdtd

4?. Bstdf` bkf`g` zrdvjm edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm. -; sdtd44. Bajbs` s ldvjbŤĉu.-7 sdtd4;. _ukf`g`tmt hdb prbebg`lshd dht`vjbst-7 sdtd47. _r`stup` ` amtmre`jdjtm bsbkjm prbadlm. -7 sdtd41. Elmrmjlm uą`jhbv`tbst` edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm-7 sdtd4=. _rmzmjtdg`ld prblmhtd edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm-7 sdtd




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu@zrdad ` prmzmjtdg`ld prblmhtd



_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4 _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht 1









;49

kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu ` dht`vjbst u `zfdidjlu tlmaj`c zdadtdhd pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. @zrdĔmj` ` prmzmjt`rdj` prblmht abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz `zrdau prblmhtd ebźm bstvdr`t` 0? kbabvd.

Wtuamjt bkvmzjb trmkd `zrda`t` prblmht edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm zd badkrdju edrhu tm svdh` tlmadj jdstdvmprmzmjt`rdt` bardĔmj` a`b prblmhtd.

] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm bglmjd prblmhtd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.



@zrdad ` prmzmjtdg`ld prblmhtd 0? kbabvd]hupjb 4?? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt bkvmzjb trmkd `zrda`t` ` prmzmjt`rdt` prblmht edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm zd badkrdju edrhu.



hjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld) Jdsfbv

Krblprèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`


ema`ld

Hms`ĉ Q.< @jtmir`rdjd edrhmt`jŤhd hbeuj`hdg`ld, Bp`j`b, \dirmk, ;??7 >


4. Hms`ĉ, Q.< Edrhmt`jŤhd hbeuj`hdg`ld, Edtm, \dirmk, 4009. ;. [busm, E.L., [busm, W.< _bsfbvjm hbeuj`hdg`lm, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??=.7. ^mrą`ą, A., \dvrf, N., [`ldvmg, _., Qhdfdg, ^mrą`ą, D., Fdgb, H.< Bajbs` s ema`lèd, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??1. 1. ^fds`ĉ, I., Edjamff`, D., Euemf, A.< @jtmrdht`vj` edrhmt`ji, _mrdib, \dirmk, ;??>.=. Wtrduss, L., Mf- Dsjdry, D.< Nrbst, N.< M- edrhmt`ji, _mdrsbj Maugdt`bj, ;??>.>. EdruŤ`ĉ, E.< _fdj edrhmt`jid, Damgb, \dirmk, ;??>. 9. Nbx, [.< _bsfbvjd hbeuj`hdg`ld, Crvdtshd svmuą`f`Ťjd jdhfdad, _uąhb btvbrmjb uą`f`Ťtm, \dirmk, ;??4.. 3. ^rdjmŤmv`ĉ, Q.< ]prdvfldjlm edrhbe- krdja edjdimemjt, Dggmjt, \dirmk, ;??9.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèdt`lmhbe jdstdvm.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;43

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Hbeuj`g`rdjlm s trź`Ťtme-sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4=



4.



-


x

4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld 7. 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`fàbpujd prbirded hbfmi`ld


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


G`fl hbfmi`ld lm prmastdv`t` rdzf`ą`tm prbebg`lshm dht`vjbst` putme hbl`c pbauzmĉd ` arui` ibspbadrsh` suklmht` jdstblm uą`j`t`pbzjdtè svblm prb`zvbam, usfuim ` àmlm. Djdf`z`rdlu sm amn`j`g`lm, hbjgmpt` ` tmbr`lm edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm, spmg`n`ąj`dspmht` bifdŤdvdjld, ujdprmĔmjld prbadlm, bsbkjm prbadlm, a`rmhtjbi edrhmt`jid, bajbsd s ldvjbŤĉu ` pukf`g`tmtd. _btrmkdzd amtdfljè prbuądvdjlme hbeuj`hdg`lm fmź` u ą`jlmj`g` ad hbeuj`hdg`lsh` prbgms prmastdvfld bsjbvu zd svm pbsfbvjmbajbsm u aruŤtvu.



hbfmi`l

jmed


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd stuamjt` ĉm ebĉ`< - prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhdtd, tmujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd - uspbrma`t` ` prè`lmj`t` emtbam `strdź`vdjld trź`Ťtd ` emtbabfbi`lm `zrdam edrhmt`ji pfdjd, pbsfbvjbi pfdjd ` arui`c djdf`zdtrź`Ťtd prmed pbtrmkded tribv`jsh`c suklmhdtd ` trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd


Wtuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi sme`jdrd<- _rmpbzjdlm trmjabvm u suvrmemjbl hbeuj`hdg`l`- ]spbrmĔulm mn`hdsjbst pblma`j`c ema`ld hbeuj`hdg`lm



;40

- Bafuąulm b pfdju edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm u pbauzmĉu - Nbreuf`rd mfmemjtm bifdŤ`vdąhm pbruhm - Hbjtrbf`rd usplmŤjbst prbebg`lshm hdepdjlm


Qmem sme`jdrd hbl` sm `zfdźu su<

4. _bèdjlm hbeuj`hdg`lm u suvrmemjbe bhruźmjlu- 4 sdt;. @jtmir`rdjd edrhmt`jŤhd hbeuj`hdg`ld. Mfmemjt` ` prbgms hbeuj`hdg`lm. ‗ 4 sdt7. ]prdvfldjlm bifdŤdvdjlme. _blde bifdŤdvdjld. Hrmdt`vjd strdtmi`ld bifdŤ`vdąh` dpmf`. -4 sdt1. Djdf`zd edsbvj`c ema`ld. -4 sdt=. Wtrdtmi`ld ` pfdj`rdjlm ema`ld e`hsd. -4 sdt>. _bebĉjd bifdŤ`vdąhd srmastvd. -4 sdt9. ]jdprmĔmjlm prbadlm. _blebvjb barmĔmjlm ` vrstm. _fdj`rdjlm ujdprmĔmjld prbadlm.-4 sdt

3. @jtmrjmt ` bstdf` bkf`g` `zrdvjm edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm. -4 sdt0. _rèlmjd @jtmrjmtd u jtmir`rdjbl edrhmt`jŤhbl hbeuj`hdg`l`. -4 sdt4?. Bstdf` bkf`g` zrdvjm edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm. -4 sdt44. Bajbs` s ldvjbŤĉu.-4 sdt4;. _ukf`g`tmt hdb prbebg`lshd dht`vjbst-4 sdt47. _r`stup` ` amtmre`jdjtm bsbkjm prbadlm. -4 sdt41. Elmrmjlm uą`jhbv`tbst` edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm-4 sdt4=. _rmzmjtdg`ld prblmhtd edrhmt`jŤhm hbeuj`hdg`lm-4 sdt

Nbhus zdadj`c tmed lm prmzmjt`rdt` abkrm ` fbŤm prèlmrm prbebg`lshm prdhsm `z badkrdj`c pbifdvfld.




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm sme`jdrd Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu

_`sdjlm sme`jdrd dhb lm badkrdj hdb Wme`jdr @@zfdidjlm sme`jdrd









;;?


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. Jdp`sdj` ` bkrdjlmj` sme`jdr abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz tb ebźm bstvdr`t` 3? kbabvd. 1. _rmzmjtdg`ld bstvdrulm ;? kbabvd] hbjdąju bglmju ufdz` p`sdj` ` usemj` a `b sme`jdrd. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<






hjl`źj`g` ` putme bstdf`c ema`ld) Jdsfbv

Krblprèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`


ema`ld

Hms`ĉ Q.< @jtmir`rdjd edrhmt`jŤhd hbeuj`hdg`ld, Bp`j`b, \dirmk, ;??7 4;


4. Hms`ĉ, Q.< Edrhmt`jŤhd hbeuj`hdg`ld, Edtm, \dirmk, 4009. ;. [busm, E.L., [busm, W.< _bsfbvjm hbeuj`hdg`lm, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??=.7. ^mrą`ą, A., \dvrf, N., [`ldvmg, _., Qhdfdg, ^mrą`ą, D., Fdgb, H.< Bajbs` s ema`lèd, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??1. 1. ^fds`ĉ, I., Edjamff`, D., Euemf, A.< @jtmrdht`vj` edrhmt`ji, _mrdib, \dirmk, ;??>.=. Wtrduss, L., Mf- Dsjdry, D.< Nrbst, N.< M- edrhmt`ji, _mdrsbj Maugdt`bj, ;??>.>. EdruŤ`ĉ, E.< _fdj edrhmt`jid, Damgb, \dirmk, ;??>. 9. Nbx, [.< _bsfbvjd hbeuj`hdg`ld, Crvdtshd svmuą`f`Ťjd jdhfdad, _uąhb btvbrmjb uą`f`Ťtm, \dirmk, ;??4.. 3. ^rdjmŤmv`ĉ, Q.< ]prdvfldjlm edrhbe- krdja edjdimemjt, Dggmjt, \dirmk, ;??9



Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;;4

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Crvblm Kua`ĉ, prmadvdą 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 7

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldFbi`st`hd 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`


4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.

4.1. Wtua`lsh` prbirde (struąj`,spmg`ldf`st`ąh` a`pfbesh` struąj`stua`l)


4.4?.[maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujdbp`sd hbfmi`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ld Wtlmgdjlm zjdjld b suvrmemjè strdtmi`lded uprdvfldjld pbsfbvjè prbgmsèd, zjdąmjlu sustdvjbi pr`stupd uprdvfldjlu èlmrmjlu uą`jdhd pblma`j`c pbsfbvj`c rlmŤmjld.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ` ufdzjm


hbfmi`l

Jmed.


4 bg`lmj`t` prèlmju pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm zd ujdprmĔmjlm fbi`st`ąh`c prbgmsd u ujutdrjlbl ` vdjlshbl tribv`j`. ; utvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd. 7 àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm ` ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjld

pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.1 bkrdzfbź`t` rdzvbl, zdadĉm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm, tm vrstm ` ufbiu tribv`jsh`c `jst`tug`ld zd hupbv`ju ` prbadlu rbkm . = prmavàlmt` utlmgdl a`str`kut`vjm tribv`jm jd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl.> prmavàlmt` utlmgdl mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`c bafuhd. 9 prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c

suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd.



;;;

3 badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j gu tvrthm.0 prmpbruą`t` `jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm ` dfdtm hdb pbtpbru tribv`jshè prbgmsèd. 4? utvra`t` utlmgdl prèlmjm suvrmemj`c jnbredt`ąh`c tmcjbfbi`ld jd pbsfbvdjlm tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Fbi`st`hd ebĉ`< ◂ @jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdądl pbsfbvjm fbi`st`hm zd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd u suvrmemjè trź`Ťjè uvlmtèd. ◂ _rbsua`t` zjdądl prèlmjm sustdvjbi pr`stupd zd bptè`zdg`lu fbi`st`ąh`c pbasustdvd pbauzmĉd. ◂ Badkrdt` sdarźdl fbi`st`hm u rdzf`ą`tè bridj`zdg`lshè a`lmfbvèd pbauzmĉd. ◂ Hr`t`ąh` prbsua`t` bk`flmźld fbi`st`ąhm hbjgmpg`lm pbauzmĉd. ◂ _rmpbruą`t` bptèdfjb hbek`jdg`lshb ‗ hbbra`jdg`lshb almfbvdjlm fbi`st`ąh`c pbasustdvd pbauzmĉd. ◂ Bkrdzfbź`t` zjdądl pbauzmĉd zd fbi`st`ąhm usfuim hdb trź`Ťj`c pbedidąd.


4.]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm ‗ (; sdtd)

;. _btrmkm uvbĔmjld pbsfbvjm fbi`st`hm (; sdtd) 7. Wustdvjd pbstdvhd ‗ bsjbvd fbi`st`ąhm hbjgmpg`lm (; sdtd) 1. Bk`flmźld fbi`st`ąhm hbjgmpg`lm (; sdtd) =. Hbr`sjbst fbi`st`ąhm hbjgmpg`lm ` zdprmhm zd jlmz`jb prbvbĔmjlm (; sdtd) >. @zvrŤdvdjlm jdruaźkm (; sdtd) 9. Arźdjlm zdf`cd (; sdtd) 3. Wustdv` ibspbadrmjld badkrdjè drt`hfèd (7 sdtd)0. Whfda`Ťtm (; sdtd) 4?. _dh`rdjlm (; sdtd)44. Qrdjspbrtj` sustdv (; sdtd)4;. Bridj`zdg`ld pbsfbvjm fbi`st`hm (; sdtd)47. _bauzmĉd zd fbi`st`ąhm usfuim hdb trź`Ťj` pbedidą` (7 sdtd) 41. Hbbpmrdg`ld fbi`st`ąh`c pbauzmĉd (; sdtd)

;.>.^rstm zvbĔmjld jdstdvm

prmadvdjldsme`jdr` ` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmj lm

tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd4. Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`;. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv`

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdt` ua`bu MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhu dht`vjbsttdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQW kbabvdbaibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)







;;7



4. Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 7?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. Hbfbhv`l 4. ;. (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkdpbfbź`t` avd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld ` sualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<




JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Wmimtf`ld, \.< ]vba u pbsfbvju fbi`st`hu, ;. `ze`lmjlmjb ` abpujlmjb`zadjlm, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt, Bs`lmh, ;??3

=

\mfmj`hd, [., _updvdg, A.< Emjdaźemjt fbi`st`ąh`c sustdvd, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmtu [`lmg`, [`lmhd, ;??3.

9

;.4;.Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd stua`lshbid

prbirded)

Nmr`Ťdh, ^. < Jdkdvd<pbf`t`hd-strdtmi`ld-bridj`zdg`ld-edjdimemjt, \dirmk, ;??;. ‗ > hjlìdůdedjbv`ĉ, L.< Fbi`st`ąh` a`str`kug`lsh` sustdv`, Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt, Wpf`t, 4000. ‗ ; hjlìmŵuidl,E.,Wtrdcbjld, .< @jnbredg`lsh` sustdv` prb`zvbajlm, @jnbredtbr, \dirmk, ;???.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b sualmfbvdjlu jd jdstdv`.. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd, tm pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;;1

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Crvblm Kua`ĉ, prmadvdą 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldEmjdaźemjt fluash`c rmsursd 4.3. Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl

sdt` _+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+4=W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Jmed 4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld

bj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4.







;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


@amjt`n`g`rdjlm `zjèjm vdźjbst` fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd ` fluashbi hdp`tdfd u mhbjbeshbe rdzvblu ` pbsfbvjbe

usplmcu suvrmemj`c bridj`zdg`ld. ]pbzjdvdjlm tmemflj`c tmbr`lsh`c ` dpf`hdt`vj`c prbkfmed emjdaźemjtdfluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd u suvrmemjè bridj`zdg`lded. Wtlmgdjlm zjdjld b nujhg`lded, ebamfèd, emtbaded `

prbirdeèd emjdaźemjtd fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd ` b jl`cbvbl prèlmj` u pbsfbvjbl prdhs`. [mprbaug`rdjlmspmg`n`ąj`c hbepmtmjg`ld zd rlmŤdvdjlm prdht`ąj`c prbkfmed ` rdzvbl FL_-d ` EFL_-d u bridj`zdg`lded.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld ` ufdzjm

hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

Jmed.


- àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm ` ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjldpbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd

- utvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd - prmavàlmt` utlmgdl mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`c bafuhd - prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c

suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd



;;=

- prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`csuklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd

- badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j`gu tvrthm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Emjdaźemjt fluash`c rmsursd ebĉ`< ◂ @jtmrprmt`rdt` ` vrmajbvdt` ąèkmj`hm utlmgdld jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd. ◂ _rmavàlmt` ` mvdfu`rdt` prbelmjm. ◂ _rbg`lmj`t` zjdądl strdtmŤhbi uprdvfldjld fluashè pbtmjg`ldfèd. ◂ Driuemjt`rdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdądl fluashbi rmsursd hdb jmbpcbajbi mfmemjtd hbjhurmjtshm spbsbkjbst` ` prmajbst`pbauzmĉd. ◂ _fdj`rdt` rdzvbl fluash`c rmsursd u pbauzmĉu. ◂ _rmavàlmt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` pbźmfljm bsbk`jm fluash`c rmsursd u kf`shbl kuauĉjbst`..


4.]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm ‗ fluash` pbtmjg`ldf`, zjdąmjlm ` spmg`n`ąjbst` emjdaźemjtd fluash`cpbtmjg`ldfd, g`flmv` emjdaźemjtd fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd, jbvd hbjgmpg`ld emjdaźemjtd fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd (7 sdtd) ;. Bhruźmjlm emjdaźemjtd (; sdtd) 7. Btpbr` jd prbelmjm ` emjdaźemjt prbelmjd (= sdt`) 1. WtrdtmŤh` emjdaźemjt ` emjdaźmr` (; sdtd) =. Fluash` pbtmjg`ldf` zd murbpshm `jtmirdg`lm (7 sdtd)>. \dpbŤfldvdjlm (= sdt`) 9. _rbnms`bjdfj` rdzvbl (7 sdtd)3. _bt`gdjlm usplmŤjbst` jd rdau (= sdt`) 0. Bthr`vdjlm emjdaźmrsh`c pbtmjg`ldfd u pbauzmĉu (; sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd4. Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`;. @zvbĔmjlm sme`jdrd 7. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv`





Hbfbhv`l` ;,;= Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,;= (bstdfb up`sdt`)



;;>



4. Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4=kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą. 7. Hbfbhv`l 4. ;. (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkdpbfbź`t` avd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. 1. Wme`jdrsh` rda (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sme`jdr ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4= kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, sme`jdrshbi rdad ` sualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`.Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` 4= kbabvd

Wme`jdrsh` rda 4= kbabvd Hbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvd


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

EdruŤ`ĉ, W.<]prdvfldjlm fluashè pbtmjg`ldfèd, @^. @ze`lmjlmjb ` abpujlmjb`zadjlm, Damgb, \dirmk, ;??>.

=

W`hdv`gd, _., Kdct`ldrmv`ĉ ‗ ů`kmr, N.<Emjdaźemjt, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??1. 7

;.4;.Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (u trmjuthupr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd stua`lshbid

prbirded)

W`hdv`gd, _., Kdct`ldrmv`ĉ ‗ ů`kmr, N., _bfbŤh` ^bh`ĉ, J.< Qmemfl` emjdaźemjtd, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??3. ‗ =

hjlìd

ĎuhuŤ`ĉ, E., Ldar`ĉ, E.< m - uąmjlm< hbjgmpt prèl mjd, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;?4;. ‗ 7 hjlìm


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvè `zfdidjlme. ] mvàmjg`lshbebkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b sualmfbvdjlu jd jdstdv`.. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd u svmz` sd `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd, usplmŤjbst jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd.@jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jdhbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.



;;9

@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd, tm pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;;3

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Crvblm Kua`ĉ, prmadvdą 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) ?,;=

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldEmjdaźemjt fluash`c rmsursd - sme`jdr 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4=W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.







;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


@amjt`n`g`rdjlm `zjèjm vdźjbst` fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd ` fluashbi hdp`tdfd u mhbjbeshbe rdzvblu ` pbsfbvjbe

usplmcu suvrmemj`c bridj`zdg`ld. ]pbzjdvdjlm tmemflj`c tmbr`lsh`c ` dpf`hdt`vj`c prbkfmed emjdaźemjtdfluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd u suvrmemjè bridj`zdg`lded. Wtlmgdjlm zjdjld b nujhg`lded, ebamfèd, emtbaded `

prbirdeèd emjdaźemjtd fluash`c pbtmjg`ldfd ` b jl`cbvbl prèlmj` u pbsfbvjbl prdhs`. [mprbaug`rdjlmspmg`n`ąj`c hbepmtmjg`ld zd rlmŤdvdjlm prdht`ąj`c prbkfmed ` rdzvbl FL_-d ` EFL_-d u bridj`zdg`lded.


Jmed.


- àmjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm ` ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjldpbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd

- utvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd - prmavàlmt` utlmgdl mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`c bafuhd - prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c

suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd - prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c



;;0

suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd - badkrdt` pr`hfdaju strdtmi`lu pfdj`rdjld zd svdhu pbsfbvju lma`j`gu tvrthm


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj p`sdjm `zrdam ` prmzmjtdg`lm sme`jdrshbi rdad `z hbfmi`ld Emjdaźemjt fluash`c rmsursd ebĉ`< ◂ @jtmrprmt`rdt` ` vrmajbvdt` ąèkmj`hm utlmgdld jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd. ◂ _rmavàlmt` ` mvdfu`rdt` prbelmjm. ◂ _rbg`lmj`t` zjdądl strdtmŤhbi uprdvfldjld fluashè pbtmjg`ldfèd. ◂ Driuemjt`rdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` zjdądl fluashbi rmsursd hdb jmbpcbajbi mfmemjt d hbjhurmjtshm spbsbkjbst` ` prmajbst`pbauzmĉd. ◂ _fdj`rdt` rdzvbl fluash`c rmsursd u pbauzmĉu. ◂ _rmavàlmt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` pbźmfljm bsbk`jm fluash`c rmsursd u kf`shbl kuauĉjbst`..


4.]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm ‗ upbzjdvdjlm sd bsjbvjbe ` abpujshbe f`tmrdturbe, rmźèbesme`jdrshm jdstdvm, tmeded sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd, hbjgmptbe `zrdam, prdv`fèd p`sdjld ` `zfdidjld (4 sdt);. Bhruźmjlm emjdaźemjtd (4 sdt) 7. Btpbr` jd prbelmjm ` emjdaźemjt prbelmjd (; sdtd) 1. WtrdtmŤh` emjdaźemjt ` emjdaźmr` (4 sdt) =. Fluash` pbtmjg`ldf` zd murbpshm `jtmirdg`lm (; sdtd)>. \dpbŤfldvdjlm (7 sdtd) 9. _rbnms`bjdfj` rdzvbl (; sdtd)3. _bt`gdjlm usplmŤjbst` jd rdau (; sdtd) 0. Bthr`vdjlm emjdaźmrsh`c pbtmjg`ldfd u pbauzmĉu (4 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<

;.3. Bkvmzm stuamjdtd4. Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`;. @zvbĔmjlm sme`jdrd 7. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv`





Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,;= (bstdfb up`sdt`)



;7?



4. Wme`jdrsh` rda (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sme`jdr ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4= kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` p`sdjbi a`lmfd ` `zfdidjld sme`jdrshbi rdad. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<◂ _`sdj` a`b 9 kbabvd ◂ @zfdidjlm 3 kbabvd]H]_JB 4= KBAB^D


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

EdruŤ`ĉ, W.<]prdvfldjlm fluashè pbtmjg`ldfèd, @^. @ze`lmjlmjb ` abpujlmjb`zadjlm, Damgb, \dirmk, ;??>. =

W`hdv`gd, _., Kdct`ldrmv`ĉ ‗ ů`kmr, N.<Emjdaźemjt, Edsema`d, \dirmk, ;??1. 7


W`hdv`gd, _., Kdct`ldrmv`ĉ ‗ ů`kmr, N., _bfbŤh` ^bh`ĉ, J.< Qmemfl` emjdaźemjtd, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;??3. ‗ =

hjlìd

ĎuhuŤ`ĉ, E., Ldar`ĉ, E.< m - uąmjlm< hbjgmpt prèlmjd, ůhbfshd hjlìd, \dirmk, ;?4;. ‗ 7 hjlìm


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvè `zfdidjlme,pbstdvfldjlme p`tdjld prmaemtjbe jdstdvj`hu ` bstdfè stuamjtèd vmzdjb zd tmedtshu glmf`ju ` ` `zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`crdabvd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b sualmfbvdjlu jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`.. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd u svmz` sd `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe sme`jdrshm jdstdvm, jd hbjzuftdg`lded ` mfmhtrbj`ąhbe pbŤtbe.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b

zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmj ld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd, tm pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;74

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld Wtruąjd prdhsd ; 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

4?=



4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld





;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldBsjbvj` g`flmv` hbfmi`ld «Wtruąjd prdhsd ;¸ su usvdldjlm prdht`ąj`c ue`lmĉd, hbepmtmjg`ld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąld tribv`jm,rdzv`ldjlm bslmĉdld baibvbrjbst` ` tèshbi rdad ujutdr rdajbi bhruźmjld tm bspbsbkfldvdjlm zd almfbtvbrjb `jtmir`rdjlmtmbr`lm ` prdhsm.


-



djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim u tribv`jshèpbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tm ustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm,

rdzf`hbvdt` prbadljm edrhmt`jŤhm strdtmi`lm

`jtmrprmt`rdt` ` prè`lmj`t` zdhbjshm rmiufdt`vm u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu prè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c suklmhd td,

tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd

bg`lmj`t` prèlmju pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm zd ujdprmĔmjlm fbi`st`ąh`c prbgmsd u ujutdrjlbl ` vdjlshbl tribv`j`


rdzv`t` prbnms`bjdfj` àmjt`tmt hba stuamjdtd.

prèlmjl`vdt` `jtmra`sg`pf`jdrj` pr`stup pr` abjbŤmjlu bafuhd.

prèlmjl`vdt` strdtmi`lm ` tmcj`hm u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed u hbjhrmtjè pbsfbvjè s`tudg`lded `z pbaruąld tribv`jm

glmfbv`tb sdifmadt` prbgms rdad u hbjhrmtjbe pbauzmĉu



;7;

`jtmir`rdt` stmąmjd tmbr`lshd ` prdht`ąjd zjdjld

bkdvfldt` pbsfbvm tribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld ` bstdfm srbajm pbsfbvm.


4 \dadĉm, zjdąmjlm ` nujhg`lm tribv`jm (9 sdt`)

; ^mfmprbadljb pbsfbvdjlm (9 sdt`)

7 Edfbprbadljb pbsfbvdjlm (9 sdt`)

1 Krbl zdpbsfmj`c, prb`zvbajbst rdad ` trbŤhbv` (9 sdt`)

= Bridj`zdg`ld ąèkmj`hd pbsfbvjbi prbgmsd (9 sdt`)

> Qribv`jsh` pbsfbvj` prbgms` - jdkdvd, shfda`Ťtmjlm, prbadld (9 sdt`)

9 _rbgms pfdj`rdjld tribv`jshbid pbauzmĉd (9 sdt`)

3 Djdf`zd pbstblmĉmi stdjld tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (9 sdt`) 0 Wuvrmemj` `jnbredg`lsh` sustdv` struhturd edfbprbadlm (9 sdt`)

4? Hbjtrbf`ji (9 sdt`)

44 Fbhdg`ld (9 sdt`)

4; Dsbrtèdj rbkm ` usfuid (9 sdt`)

47 _bf`t`hd g`lmjd ` hdfhufdt`vjm emtbam (9 sdt )

41 _rbebt`vjm dht`vjbst` (9 sdt`)

4= Emtbam prbadlm, vmf`ą`jd prbadvdbj`gm ` àmlj` pfdj (fdy but) (9 sdt`)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


Wtuamjt` su bkvmzj` pbcdĔdt` struąju prdhsu ; u tribv`jshbe pbauzmĉu u trdldjlu 4= adjd (9 sdt` ajmvjb) 54?= sdt`struąjm prdhsm tm dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u prbgmsu rdad, u stvdrjbe, pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu `zvrŤdvdluĉ` dht`vjbst` ` zdadthmhbl` su jdvmamj` u pfdju struąjm prdhsm sdstdvflmjbe ba strdjm emjtbrd. QdhbĔmr, bkvmzd lm stuamjtd t`lmhbe trdldjldstruąjm prdhsm pfdj`rdjlm, pr`prmedjlm ` `zrdad ajmvj`hd rdad struąjm prdhsm hbl` pb zdvrŤmthu abjbsm jd uvà emjtbru.





Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda @zrdad ajmvj`hd prdhsm(bstdfb up`sdt`)

?,=

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ]semj` `sp`t Qmrmjshd jdstdvd(bstdfbup`sdt`)

7,=



;77


@zvbĔmjlm struąjm prdhsm hrmĉm s pbstupjè uvbĔmjlme stuamjdtd u pbsfbvm tribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld u hbjhrmtjbepbsfbvjbe suklmhtu. Wtuamjtm t`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm prdt` emjtbr. _rv` zdadtdh emjtbrd lm uput`t` stuamjtd upbauzmĉm ialm ĉm bkdvfldt` prdht`ąju jdstdvu. Abhuemjt hbl` prdt` jdvmamju dht`vjbst lm ]putj`gd jd hblbl sm jdvbam èm `prmzèm stuamjtd ` pbauzmĉm u hblme ĉm bkdvfldt` struąju prdhsu, d pbtp`sulm lu prbamhdj zd jdstdvu. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe`zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm vba` Ajmvj`h struąjm prdhsm u hbl` up`sulm svm pbsfbvm ` zdadthm u hblè d lm sualmfbvdb,hbjhrmtjd prdht`ąjd zjdjld hbld lm stmhdb tm vfdst`td zdpdźdjld. Emjtbr t`lmhbe trdldjld `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsmhbjt`ju`rdjb prdt` dht`vjbst` stuamjtd tm hbjtdht`rd pbsfbadvgd emjtbrd `z pbauzmĉd u hblme stuamjt bkdvfld struąju prdhsuhdhb k` sm `jnbre`rdb b ebt`vdg`l` ` hvdf`tmt` sualmfbvdjld stuamjtd u pbsfbvjbe prbgmsu pbauzmĉd. _b zdvrŤmthuprmav`Ĕmjbi trdldjld struąjm prdhsm stuamjt emjtbru abstdvfld Ajmvj`h struąjm prdhsm ` pbtvrau b `zvrŤmjbl struąjbl prdhs`jd tmemflu hblmi emjtbr abjbs` bafuhu b pbfdidjlu `sp`td `z jdvmamjbi hbfmi`ld. _r` up`s`vdjlu bkvmzjm prdhsm u `jamhsstuamjt lm auźdj svbe vba`tmflu prdhsm prmadt` "_btvraj`gu b bkdvflmjbl prdhs`", "Ajmvj`h prdhsm" (jd uvà) ` `jamhs.


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld






] g`flu pba`zdjld hvdf`tmtm prmadvdjld, bridj`zdg`lm jdstdvm ` jdą`jd rdad sd stuamjtèd prbvba` sm hbjt`ju`rdjd stuamjtshdmvdfudg`ld u bkf`hu hbjzuftdg`ld ` djhmtd b hvdf`tmt` `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm u hblèd stuamjt` bglmjlulu hvdf`tmtu ` vdźjbst`zvmakm hbfmi`ld. ]splmŤjbst `zvmakm prbirded struąjm prdhsm bglmjlulm sm hrbz djdf`zu pbcdĔdjld struąjm prdhsm,dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd u pbsfbvjè dht`vjbstèd pbauzmĉd (pbvrmemjd prbvlmrd ba strdjm vba`tmfld stua`ld), dht`vjbstèd jdrda`bj`gded, `zrdabe sme`jdrd, sualmfbvdjld u tmrmjshbl jdstdv`, tm `zrdĔmjbe ajmvj`hu rdad struąjm prdhsm hbl` sustuamjt` auźj` abstdv`t` pb zdvrŤmthu hbfmi`ld.



;71

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM


4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldMurbpshm jtmirdg`lm 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_ + 4= W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) @zkbrj`4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdt` stuamjtm s prbgmsbe murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld tm prbelmjded hblm bj èpf`g`rd jd ź`vbt `pbsfbvdjlm u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl. Abadtj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm prbgmsd uprdvfldjld prblmhtjèg`hfusbe prmed emtbabfbi`l` Murbpshm uj`lm tm abk`t` v`z`lu pbtrmkj`c zjdjld ` vlmŤt`jd zd `zrdau prblmhtd prmed jdvmamjblemtbabfbi`l`.


hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm

zd hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


4. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm ` ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`csuklmhdtd.


4. Bkldsj`t` pbv`lmsjm hbr`lmjm ` mizbimjm vdr`ldkfm hblm su utlmgdfm jd prbgms murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld.;. Amn`j`rdt` Murbpshu uj`lu ` jtmrprmt`rdt` jlmju struhturu.7. Djdf`z`rdt` nujhg`bj rdjlm M] ` jlmj jst`tug`bjdfj` ustrbl tm bkldsj`t` jdą`j abjbŤmjld bafuhd u murbpshè `jst`tug`lded.1. Bp`sdt` ` `jtmrprmt`rdt` prdvj` pbrmadh M], amn`j`rdt` prdvju stmąmv`ju M] ` bkucvdt jlmj`c pbifdvfld. =. @jtmrprmt`rdt` pblde ` sdarźdl ujutdrjlmi trź`Ťtd M] tm prmpbzjdt` jlmibvm èpf hdg`lm zd crvdtshb trź`Ťtm.>. @amjt`n`g`rdt` g`flmvm ` se`sdb zdlmaj`ąh`c pbf`t`hd M] tm jl`cbv utlmgdl jd stdjlm ` pbsfbvdjlm u [mpukf g` Crvdtshbl (_bf`t`hd



;7=

trź`Ťjbi jdtlmgdjld, Mhbjbeshd ` ebjmtdrjd uj`ld, \dlmaj`ąhd pbflbpr`vrmajd pbf`t`hd, \dlmaj`ąhd pbrmzjd pbf`t`hd,Bkrdzbvdjlm, zbkrdzkd efda`).

9. Bkldsj`t` pr`cbam ` rdscbam prbrdąujd M] ` hdhb M] pfdj`rd trbŤmjlm pr`cbad. 3. _bzjdvdt` prbirdem pbebĉ` M] zmeflded ąfdj`gded, zmeflded hdjaàdth`jlded ` trmĉè zmeflded. 0. Wdebstdfjb `strdź`t` ` àmjt`n`g`rdt` pbtmjg`ldfjm `zvbrm n`jdjg`rdjld ` sdebstdfjb bse`sf`t`, rdzv`t` ` jdp`sdt` prblmhtju àmlu u

hbjtmhstu pbstpr`stupjm pbebĉ` M].4?. Hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` bajbsm `zemĔu [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm ` M] (pbv`lmst, sdadŤjlbst ` kuauĉjbst) tm utlmgdl M] ąfdjstvd jdstdjlm `

pbsfbvdjlm u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)_bv`lmsj` rdzvbl Murbpshm uj`lm (M]) ` mizbimj` ąèkmj`g` hbl` su utlmgdf` jd prbgms murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld. (; sdtd)

;. _rbŤ`rmjlm Murbpshm uj lm. (; sdtd)

]vba u uprdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe. (4 sdt)7. @jst`tug`bjdfj` bhv`r Murbpshm uj`lm. ^`lmĉm Murbpshm uj`lm. Murbpshb v`lmĉm. Murbpshd hbe`s`ld. Murbpsh` pdrfdemjt.Wuabv`

M]. Bstdfd t`lmfd, dimjg`lm ` `jtmrmsjm shup`jm. (; sdtd)Bsjbvm prbirde`rdjld. (4 sdt)

1. ]vba u prdvb Murbpshm uj lm. Wdarźdl ` `zvbr` murbpshbi prdvd. @jstruemjt`< prdvj` dht` `jst`tug`ld Murbpshm uj`lm. (; sdtd)@zrdad prbkfmeshbi stdkfd. (4 sdt)

=. ]jutdrjlm trź`Ťtm ` trź`Ťjm sfbkbam. Wfbkbajb hrmtdjlm rbkd, usfuid, flua` ` hdp`tdfd. (; sdtd)_rmzmjt`rdjlm prbkfmeshbi stdkfd. (4 sdt)

>. @. hbfbhv`l (4 sdt)_bf`t`hd trź`Ťjbi jdtlmgdjld u Murbpshbl uj`l`. _bf`t`hd trź`Ťjbi jdtlmgdjld u Ť`rme se`sfu. _bf`t`hd trź`Ťjbi jdtlmgdjld uuźme se`sfu. (; sdtd)

9. Arźdvjm pbtpbrm u Murbpshbl uj`l`. (; sdtd)@zrdad stdkfd g`flmvd. (4 sdt)

3. Murbpshd mhbjbeshd ` ebjmtdrjd uj ld. (; sdtd)_rmzmjt`rdjlm stdkfd g`flmvd. (4 sdt)

0. \dlmaj`ąhd pbflbpr`vrmajd pbf`t`hd. (; sdtd)_r`stup fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt)

4?. \dlmaj`ąhd pbrmzjd pbf`t`hd. Bkrdzbvdjlm `zbkrdzkd ` efda`. (; sdtd) @zrdad fbi`ąhm edtr`gm @. (4 sdt) 44. _rbrdąuj Murbpshm uj`lm. (; sdtd)

@zrdad fbi`ąhm edtr`gm @@. (4 sdt 4;. Nbjabv` Murbpshm uj`lm. (; sdtd)

_rmzmjt`rdjlm fbi`ąhm edtr`gm @. (4 sdt) 47. Bajbs` [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm ` Murbpshm uj`lm. _bv`lmst, sdadŤjlbst ` kuauĉjbst. (; sdtd)

_rmzmjt`rdjlm fbi`ąhm edtr`gm @@. (4 sdt) 41. [mpukf`hd Crvdtshd hdb hbr`sj`gd nbjabvd Murbpshm uj`lm. (; sdtd)



;7>

Mvdfudg`ld àmlm prblmhtd ` fbi`ąhm edtr`gm. (4 sdt) 4=. Jdą`j` uprdvfldjld prbirdeèd ` nbjabvèd Murbpshm uj`lm. _rèlmr` abkrm prdhsm. (; sdtd)



prmadvdjldsme`jdr` ` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmj lmtmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu ` prdĉmjlm dhtudfj`c zk`vdjld jd pbaruąlu Murbpshm uj`lm. Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu (pbifdvfld hbld sm bkrdĔulu jd jdstdv`), k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm s prmadvdjld (wmk

strdj`gm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`) rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld. Wdebstdfjb bse`sf`t` ` rdzv`t` prblmhtju àmlu tm suhfdajb jlbl sdebstdfjb `zrda`t` prbkfmeshb std kfb, stdkfb g`flmvd ` fbi`ąhuedtr`gu._rmzmjt`rdt` `zrdĔmjb prbkfmeshb stdkfb, stdkfb g`flmvd ` fbi`ąhu edtr`gu. _bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmht ?,=





;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. _rblmhtj` pr`lmafbi (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) [dzrdad prblmhtjm àmlm hrbz prbkfmeshb stdkfb, stdkfb g`flmvd ` fbi`ąhu edtr`gu, jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd

tm hvdf`tmtd sdem pbsfbvjm àmlm abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vj` pr`stup rdzrda` prblmhtjm àmlm ` jlmjmprmzmjtdg`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` ba = ab ;? kbabvd.7. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, prblmhtj`c pr`lmafbid ` pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<



;79


_rblmhtj` pr`lmafbi ;? kbabvd

Hbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt hbl` jm pbfbź` hbfbhv`lm bkvmzdj lm `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td. Hbjdąjd bglmjd prmastdvfld prbslmh av`lu jdvmamj`c glmf`jd.



JdsfbvKrbl

prèlmrdhd u

hjl`źj`g`


E`jtds Cbadh, Fl. ur. (;?4?) Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< \dirmkdąhd Ťhbfd mhbjbe`lm èdjdimemjtd, Edtm a.b.b. (badkrdjd pbifdvfld).

=

Murbpshd hbe`s`ld (;??3) Jdą`j` pruźdjld pbebĉ`< Welmrj`gm zd uprdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe. \dirmk< Wrma`Ťjl` arźdvj` urma zd rdzvblju strdtmi`lu `hbbra`jdg`lu nbjabvd M] (WA][N).


Lmfmą [diuź, E. (;?47) Murbpshm `jtmirdg`lm. Jdstdvj` tmhst prmadvdjld `z hbfmi`ld‚Murbpshm `jtmirdg`lm‖ bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr

\dk`flmŤhm s prmadvdjld.

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd (utrmjuthu pr`ldvm `zelmjd `/`f`

abpujd stua`lshbid prbirded)

Qunmhą`ĉ, E. Qunmhą`ĉ, . (;?47) M] pbf`t`hm nbjabv` ;?41-;?;?. \dirmk< _fdv` pdrtjmr a.b.b.Hdjaź`ld, ^. ` Gvmą`ĉ, @. (;?4?) Mhbjbe`hd ` pbf`t`hd Murbpshm uj`lm. [`lmhd< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u [`lmg`.Idkbr, E. (;??0) _r`prme`tm prblmht ` bsìurdltm srmastvd `z M] nbjabvd . \dirmk< ^mrfdi Adscþnmr a.b.b.. Jbvbtd, W. (;??0) Murbpsh` nbjabv` zd crvdtshm prblmhtm< _r`ruąj`h b n`jdjg`lshbl surdajl` ` prbirdeèd hblm u Crvdtshbl pbaup`rm Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< Wrma`Ťjl` arźdvj` urma zd rdzvblju strdtmi`lu ` hbbra`jdg`lu nbjabvd Murbpshm uj`lm.Lbvdjąmv`ĉ, [. (;??=) Mhbjbesh` uą`jg` ifbkdf`zdg`lm ` Murbpshd uj`ld. \dirmk< Emhrbj prbemt a.b.b.

Nbrą`ĉ, I. ` Jbvbtd, W. (;??=) ]bhv`r`tm svblu àmlu< _r`ruąj`h b uprdvfldjlu prblmhtjè g`hfusbe ` `zrda` fbi`ąhbi bhv`rd .[`lmhd< WED[Q.E`jtds Cbadh Fl. ur. (;??1) ]vba u Murbpshu ]j`lu. \dirmk< \dirmkdąhd Ťhbfd mhbjbe`lm ` edjdimemjtd, Edtm a.b.b.(badkrdjd pbifdvfld).


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd, jd hblèd rdzv`ldlu ` rdzrdĔulu vfdst`tu prblmhtju àmlu prmedemtbabfbi`l` `zrdam prblmhdtd zvdjbl ]_G, bajbsjb ]prdvfldjlm prblmhtjè g`hfusbe, hblu lm prbp`sdfd Murbpshd hbe`s`ld.Wuhfdajb rdzv`lmjbl prblmhtjbl àml` stuamjt` sdebstdfjb `zrdĔulu prbkfmeshb stdkfb, stdkfb g`flmvd ` fbi`ąhu edtr`gu. @zrdĔmjbprbkfmeshb stdkfb, stdkfb g`flmvd ` fbi`ąhu edtr`gu prmzmjt`rdlu prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. _r`f`hbe `zrdam jdvmamj`c



;73

`jstruemjdtd, stuamjtèd lm ba strdjm jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rda hbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlmpbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd,rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd kf`g tmstbvèd ` hbfbhv`lèd tm rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd pr` rdzvblu ` rdzrda` prblmhtjbi pr`lmafbid(sme`jdrshd jdstdvd).]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv` djdf`z`rd sm a`rmhtjb pba bpdshbe emjtbrshbi rdad, abh sm usplmŤjbststuamjdtd jd kf`g tmstbvèd, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f`




;70

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Wvlmtfdjd Fmt`j`ĉ, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldBpbrmz`vdjlm pbauzmĉd 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_ + 7? W



4.




bp`sd hbfmi`ld

4.

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) Bkvmzdj (B)4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdvdjlm stuamjdtd s bsjbvjè tmbrmtshè pbstdvhded pbrmzjbi sustdvd u[mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl, jdąmfèd bpbrmz`vdjld ` pbrmzjè vrstded, barmaj`gded pbrmzd jd abadju vr`lmajbst,pbrmzd jd abcbadh pbrmzd jd abk`t, rdąujbvbastvmjè prdĉmjlme pbrmzj`c pbtrdź`vdjld bkvmzd jd rdąujèdifdvjm hjlìm s dspmhtd pbrmzjbi bkvmzj`hd ‚abk`tdŤd‖. G`fl lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd zrdau zdhbjbe prbp`sdj`c`zvlmŤĉd u pbstuphu utvrĔ`vdjld jdpfdtm pbrmzd, df` ` hr`t`ąhbi sdifmadvdjld sustdvd bpbrmz`vdjld u [mpukf`g`Crvdtshbl u sv`lmtfu pbrmzj`c trmjabvd u rdzv`lmjè zmeflded, pbsmkjb zmeflded M].



hbfmi`l

[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @


4. ]tvra`t` rmfmvdjtju zdhbjshu rmiufdt`vu ifbkdfjm prbgmsm hbl` èdlu e`hrbmhbjbeshm pbsflma`gm,;. Mvdfu`rdt` pbsfbvdjlm pbsfbvjbi suklmhtd s dspmhtd bpbrmz`vdjld ` pbrmzj`c bfdhŤ`gd, 7. _rmzmjt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm `jnbredg`lm rmfmvdjtjm zd prbgms bafuą`vdjld v`Ť`c uprdvfldąh`c nujhg`ld, 1. @amjt`n`g`rdt` ` hr`t`ąh` djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl prbgmsd murbpshbi `jtmir`rdjld jd pbsfbvdjlm ` ebiuĉjbst` pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`c

suklmhdtd, =. _rè`lmj`t` rdąujbvbastvmjm sustdvm pbsfbvj`c dpf`hdg`ld `



;1?

>. Bse`sf`t` hbjhrmtjd rlmŤmjld prbkfmed `z struhm rdamĉ` sdebstdfjb `/`f` u tèu


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Bpbrmz`vdjlm pbauzmĉd, ebĉ`< 4. Bp`sdt` nujhg`bj rdjlm pbrmzjbi sustdvd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl,;. Amn`j`rdt` pbrmz jd abadju vr`lmajbst, pbrmz jd abcbadh, pbrmz jd abk`t ` bstdfm vrstm pbrmzd u pbrmzjbe sustdvu

[mpukf`hm Crvdtshm, 7. [dzf`hbvdt` prdv`fd mvàmjt`rdjld pbrmzj`c pbtrdź`vdjld ` bkvmzd jd hbjtèd dht`vm bajbsjb pds`vm,1. Bp`sdt` struhturu zdhbjbe prbp`sdj`c `zvlmŤĉd (bkrdzdgd) hbl` prdtm pblma`jm pbrmzjm bkf`hm, 9. @zrda`t` pbrmzjm `zvlmŤtdlm s bkz`rbe jd vrmemjshb r dzabkflm (elmsmąjb, trbelmsmąjb ` iba`Ťjlm) ` 3. Bkldsj`t` zjdądljbst pbrmzd u prbgmsu pbsfbvjbi pfdj`rdjld ` abjbŤmjld bafuhd v`Ť`c uprdvfldąh`c nujhg`ld


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvmBpĉmj`tb b pbrmzèd, bsjbvjd bk`flmźld ` bkf`g` pbrmzjbi sustdvd [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm (1 sdtd)

;. _brmz jd abadju vr`lmajbst

\dhbjshd rmiufdt`vd, amn`j`g`ld ` bkf`g`, emtbam bkrdąujd, jdąmfd bpbrmz`vdjld, prmaemt bpbrmz`vdjld ` bkvmzj`g` pbrmzdjd abadju vr`lmajbst (abkrd ` usfuim) (1 sdtd)

7. Jdstdjdh pbrmzjm bkvmzm_brmzjd bsjbv`gd, pbrmzjm stbpm ` bsfbkbĔmjld, jdstdjdh pbrmzjm bkvmzm zd abk`tdŤm ` abcbadŤm, `zadvdjlm rdąujdpbrmzj`c bkvmzj`hd, mvàmjg`ld `zfdzj`c rdąujd (1 sdtd)

1. _rmtpbrmz (pbtrdź`vdjlm zd pbrmz jd abadju vr`lmajbst)Amn`j`g`ld ` bsjbvjd prdv`fd zd pr`zjdvdjlm/ jm pr`zjdvdjlm prmtpbrmzd, prè`tdh rdąujd zd abkrd ` usfuim arui`cbkvmzj`hd, mvàmjg`ld ufdzj`c rdąujd, pbvrdt pbrmzd jd abadju vr`lmajbst hupgèd u bhv`ru putj`ąhbi prbemtd, pbvrdtpbrmzd jd abadju vr`lmajbst `jbzmejè pbauzmtj`gèd (1 sdtd)

=. [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm pbrmzd jd abadju vr`lmajbst [dąujbvbastvmjb mvàmjt`rdjlm pbtrdź`vdjld ` bkvmzd zd pbrmz jd abadju vr`lmajbst, sdstdvfldjlm zdhbjbe prbp`sdj`cbkrdzdgd pbrmzd jd abadju vr`lmajbst (1 sdtd)

>. _brmz jd abcbadh\dhbjshd rmiufdt`vd, amn`j`g`ld ` `zvbr` abcbthd u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl, bkvmzj`g` pbrmzd jd abcbadh, pbrmzjd bsjbv`gd `stbpm pbrmzd jd abcbadh (7 sdtd)

9. _brmz jd abcbadh ba jmsdebstdfjbi rdadAmn`j`g`ld prè`tdhd ` `zadtdhd, bkvmzj` abpr`jbs` zd sbg`ldfjd bsìurdjld, bkvmzj`g` abcbthd ba jmsdebstdfjbi rdad,bsbkj` bak`tdh, pbrmzjm bsjbv`gd, pbrmzjm stbpm ` pr`rmz pbrmzu, pbauzmtj`ąhd pfdĉd, jmbpbrmz`vm jdhjdam

zdpbsfmj`hd (1 sdt`)3. Bkrdąuj rdąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm abcbthd ba jmsdebstdfjbi rdad

Bkrdąuj abcbthd ba jmsdebstdfjbi rdad, rdąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm bkvmzd, trbŤhbvd tm pbtrdź`vdjld jdstdf`c pr`bstvdrmjlu abcbthd ba jmsdebstdfjbi rdad zdpbsfmj`hd (1 sdtd)

0. QrbŤhbv` sfuźkmj`c putbvdjld_rdvd ` bkvmzm sfuźkmj`c putbvdjld zdpbsfmj`hd u zmefl` ` `jbzmestvu, `zvlmŤĉm b bkdvflmjbe sfuźkmjbe putu, bkrdąuj` rdąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm trbŤhbvd sfuźkmj`c putbvdjld zdpbsfmj`hd (1 sdtd)

4?. _brmz jd abcbadh bs sdebstdfjm almfdtjbst`, pbrmz jd abcbadh ba hdp`tdfd, pbrmz jd abcbadh ba èbv`jm ` èbv`jsh`cprdvd ` pbrmz jd abcbadh ba bsìurdjld



;14

Qmemfljm barmaj`gm abcbthd ba bkrtd, sfbkbaj`c zdjèdjld ` zdjèdjld pbflbpr`vrmam ` Ťuedrstvd, abcbthd ba èbv`jm `èbv`jsh`c prdvd, abcbthd ba hdp`tdfd ` abcbthd ba bsìurdjld, bkrdąuj abcbthd ba èbv`jm ` èbv`jsh`c prdvd, bkrdąujabcbthd ba hdp`tdfd, bkrdąuj abcbthd ba bsìurdjld ` abcbthd ba èbv`jm ` èbv`jsh`c prdvd (7 sdtd)

44. Arui` abcbadh4;. Amn`j`g ld aruibi abcbthd, pbrmzj` bkvmzj`g`, pbrmzjm bsjbv`gd ` pbrmzjm stbpm, trbŤhbv` sfuźkmjbi putd bsbkd hbl`

bstvdrulu arui` abcbadh, bkrdąuj ` rdąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm aruibi abcbthd (1 sdtd) 47. _brmzjm pr`ldvm

Iba`Ťjl` bkrdąuj pbrmzd pr` zdajlbl `spfdt` pfdĉm, Iba`Ťjld pr`ldvd pbrmzd jd abcbadh, Iba`Ťjl` bkrdąuj abprjbsd (1sdtd)

41. _brmz jd abk`tAmn`j`g`ld pbrmzd jd abk`t, bsjbv`gd ` pbrmzjd stbpd, struhturd _A bkrdsgd (1 sdtd)

4=. [dąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm pbrmzd jd abk`t

]tvrĔ`vdjlm abk`t`, pbrmzjm bkvmzm ` rdąujbvbastvmjb prdĉmjlm `st`c (7 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



_`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` rlmŤdvdjlm jd pfbą` Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu hbjtj` pfdj, k`flmźj`gu ` hdfhufdtbr

;.0. _rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQWkbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm ;,;= _`sdj` `sp`t _rblmht



Hbfbhv`l` ;,?? Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm ?,9=



4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)

Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj krbl kbabvd. Ebiuĉm lm bstvdr`t` ;-1 kbad s bkz`rbe jd abfdshm jdjdstdvu.

Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą ;. Hbfbhv`l @., @@. ` @@@. (sdstdvj` a`lmfbv` uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)

_bfdidjlme svdhbi ba hbfbhv`ld ebiuĉm lm bstvdr`t` edhsèdfjb ;= kbabvd, bajbsjb e`jèdfjb 4;,=kbabvd

Wvdh` hbfbhv`l sm sdstbl` ba tmbrmtshbi ` prdht`ąjbi a`lmfd 7. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`lmfbv` uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)



;1;

_`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld jd pfbą` prma bstdf`e stuamjt`ed abjbs` barmĔmj` krblkbabvd

Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 7 ab ;4 kba.


Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` 1 kbad

Abedĉm zdadĉm ;4 kba



Wtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.




hjl`źj`g`


ema`ld

Gr`hvmj`, Q., mt df. (;?4?) _brmz jd abadju vr`lmajbst. \dirmk< [[@N _fus a.b.b. 7

G`pmh, H. ` jdlamr, Q (;?4?) Abcbadh ba jmsdebstdfjbi rdad, QMK-_bsfbvjbsdvlmtbvdjlm a.b.b., \dirmk ;?4?.i.

7

Ardź`ĉ Fut`fshy, @. mt df. (;?4? ) [dąujbvbastvb. \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gdrdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

7

Ardź`ĉ Fut`fshy, @. mt df. (;?4?) [dąujbvbastvb-pr`ruąj`h zd vlmźkm. \dirmk<Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.

7

(;?44) Hbjtj` pfdj zd pbauzmtj`hm. \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd `n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd.


G`jbtt`, H. (;?4;) Hdhb sm pr`prme`t` zd jdazbr _brmzjm uprdvm. \dirmk< G`jbtt`

sdvlmtbvdjlm.

7


Irupd dutbrd (;??>) _bsfbvdjlm bkrtj hd, \dirmk< Crvdtshd zdlmaj`gd rdąujbvbĔd n`jdjg`lsh`c almfdtj`hd

Lmfą`ĉ, K., Kmldhbv`ĉ, _. (;?4;) [dzvbl ` pmrspmht`vm bpbrmz`vdjld u Crvdtshbl. \dirmk< @jst`tut zd ldvjm n`jdjg`lm \dirmk;?4;.

E`j`stdrstvb n`jdjg`ld, _brmzjd uprdvd (;?4;) Crvdtsh` pbrmzj` sustdv. \dirmk< EN@J, _]. Abstupjb jd<cttp<//www.pbrmzjd-uprdvd.cr/C[Rpukf`hdg`lm/Wtrdj`gm/pr`rugj`g`Rkrbsurm.dspx

Ćdsbp`s`<

http://www.porezna-uprava.hr/HR_publikacije/Stranice/prirucnici_brosure.aspx





;17

7. [dąujbvbastvb n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) 1. [dąujbvbastvb, rmv`z`ld n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) =. N`jdjg`lm ` pbrmz` (www.tmk.cr )

\dhbjsh` ` pbazdhbjsh` prbp`s`<\dhbj b _A^-u JJ kr. 97/47_rdv`fj`h b _A^-u JJ kr. 410/?0, 30/44, ;0/4;, >1/4;\dhbj b pbrmzu jd abcbadh JJ kr. 499/?1, 97/?3, 3?/4?, 441/44 ` ;;/4;_rdv`fj`h b pbrmzu jd abcbadh JJ kr. 0=/?=, 0>/?>, >3/?9, 41>/?3, ;/?0, 0/?0 - `sprdvdh, 41>/?0, 4;7/4?, 479/44, >4/4;\dhbj b pbrmzu jd abk`t JJ kr. 499/?1, 0?/?=, =9/?>, 41>/?3, 3?/4? ` ;;/4;_rdv`fj`h b pbrmzu jd abk`t JJ kr. 0=/?=, 477/?9, 4=>/?3, 41>/?0, 4;7/4?, 479/44 ` >4/4;

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm `zfdzj`c zjdjld,vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe jd pfbą` prmabstdfè stuamjtèd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usp lmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.

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;11

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Djtuj Edr`jdg, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1.

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld\mefl`Ťjb hjl`źjb uprdvjb prdvb 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+ 4= W



4.





-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) @zkbrj`4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi uprdvjbi prdvd, kuauĉ` ad vfdsj`Ťtvbprmastdvfld edhsèdfj` shup bvfdŤtmjld hbld jmhbl bsbk` pr`pdad u pbifmau barmĔmjm stvdr` ` hdb tdhvb lm zdŤt`ĉmjb]stdvbe.


Jmed uvlmtd


Jdhbj usplmŤjbi sdvfdadvdjld stua`lshbi prbirded stuamjt ĉm ebĉ`< bkldsj`t` tmemfljm `jst`tutm irdĔdjshbi ` stdtusjbi prdvd tm zmefl`Ťjb hjl`źjbi uprdvjbi prdvd,


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld \mefl`Ťjb hjl`źjb uprdvjb prdvb ebĉ`< amn`j`rdt` pukf`g`rdjlm stvdrj`c prdvd jd jmhrmtj`jded ` pbhrmtj`jded ` \mefl`Ťjbhjl`źjb prdvb u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl upbzjdt` sm s urmĔmjlme, bk flmźlèd ` sdstdvbe zmefl`Ťj`c hjlìd

rdzf`hbvdt` jdąmfd zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi urmĔmjld, vrstm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi up`sd tm pbsmkjm vrstm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źj`cpbstupdhd

prè`lmj`t` prdht`ąjd zjdjld jd zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źj` up`s ` zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źj` pbstupdh

prmpbzjdt` prmtpbstdvhm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi up`sd , prdvjm uą`jhm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi up`sd tm prvmjstvmj` rma up`sd


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (; sdtd);. _ukf`g`rdjlm stvdrj`c prdvd jd jmhrmtj`jded ` pbhrmtj`jded (1 sdtd)



;1=

7._bv`lmsj` prmifma pukf`g`rdjld stvdrj`c prdvd jd jmhrmtj`jded u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (7 sdtd)1.\mefl`Ťjbhjl`źjb prdvb u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl (7 sdtd) =.]rmĔmjlm zmefl`Ťj`c hjlìd (7 sdtd) >.Bk`flmźld zmefl`Ťj`c hjlìd (7 sdtd) 9.Wdstdv zmefl`Ťj`c hjlìd (7 sdtd) 3.Jdąmfd zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi urmĔmjld (1 sdtd)0.\mefl`Ťjbhjl`źj` up`s (7 sdtd) 4?._rmtpbstdvhm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi up`sd (; sdtd) 44.^rstm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi up`sd (7 sdtd) 4;._rdvj` uą`jg` zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi up`sd (7 sdtd) 47._rvmjstvmj` rma up`sd (7 sdtd)41.\mefl`Ťjb hjl`źj` pbstupdh (7 sdtd)

4=._bsmkjm vrstm zmefl`Ťjb hjl`źj`c pbstupdhd (7 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd

Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu

_`sdjlm sme`jdrd

_bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld





Hbfbhv`l` 4,= Wme`jdrsh` rda 4,? Abedĉm zdadĉm



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Wme`jdrsh` rdabv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _`sdjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbzdht`vjb p`sdjlm ` prmzmjtdg`lu sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba = ab ;? kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)



;1>

_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`tàvd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


Wme`jdr ;? kbabvd





JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

4. Lbs`pbv`ĉ, Q., \mefl`Ťjbhjl`źjb prdvb, "@jnbredtbr", \dirmk, ;??4. 4

;. \dhbj b zmefl`Ťjè hjlìded, JJ 04/0>, >3/03, ;;/??, 441/?4, 4??/?1, 4?9/?9.,4=;/?3, 4;>/4?, ==/47, >?/47

cttp<//jdrbajm-jbv`jm.jj.cr/

7. _rdv`fj`h b ujutrdŤjlme ustrblu, vbĔmjlu zmefl`Ťj`c hjlìd ` bkdvfldjlu arui`cpbsfbvd u zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjè balmfèd suabvd, \mefl`Ťjbhjl`źj` pbsfbvj`h, JJ34/09, 4?0/?;, 4;7/?;, 4=7/?; ` 41/?=, >?/4?.

cttp<//jdrbajm-jbv`jm.jj.cr/


4.Idvmffd - Wt`phbv`ĉ - Kmfdl - Lbs`pbv`ĉ - If`cd< Wtvdrjb prdvb, @jnbredtbr, \dirmk, ;??9.;.Lbs`pbv`ĉ, Q., Bsjbvm zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjbi prdvd ‗ _r`ruąj`h zd zmefl`Ťjbhjl`źjm sfuźkmj`hm, \dirmk, ;??7.7. \dhbj b vfdsj`Ťtvu ` aruiè stvdrjè prdvèd, JJ 04/0>, >3/03, 479/00, ;;/??, 97/??, 441/?4, 90/?>, 414/?>, 41>/?3,73/?0, 4=7/?0, 417/4;.1. @jtmrjmt `zvbr`


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm sme`jdrèd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd. ]mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd.

Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdf udg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;19

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld ]rmashb pbsfbvdjlm4.>. Wmemstdr

;

4.;. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld _rma.Ldse`jd Webfą`ĉ, a`pf.ùr. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 7

4.7. Wurdaj`g`jmed 4.3. Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`



Wtruąj` stua`l Qribv`jd 4.0. Hrdt`gd hbfmi`ld

]_

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) `zkbrj` 4.4?. `nrd hbfmi`ld ]_7>/7=?1?

;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldQmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdt` stuamjtm s bsjbvjè mfmemjtèd urmashbi pbsfbvdjld u t`lmfèd arźdvjm uprdvm, u t`lmfèd lma`j`gd fbhdfjm ` pbaruąjm uprdvm, u prdvjè bsbkded s ldvjè bvfdstèd df` ` u bkf`gèd tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd. Wtuamjt` ĉmjdhbj usplmŤjbi pbfdidjld hbfmi`ld k`t` bspbsbkflmj` zd jmpbsrmajb uą`jhbv`tb bridj`z`rdjlm, prmtrdź`vdjlm ` pbcrdjuabhuemjdtd u uprdvjè ` sf`ąjè struąjè pbsfbvèd hdb ` hvdf`tmtjb hbeuj`g`rdjlm sd strdjhded.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd pbfdidjlm hbfmi`ld ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm supbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l, hbrmfdt`vjbst `hbrmspbamjtjbst s aruièhbfmi`lèd

4. struhtur`rdt` rdzf`ą`tm vrstm pbajmsdhd u bhv`ru rdad ldvjbprdvj`c t`lmfd,;. uprdvfldt` urmashè pbsfbvdjlme,7. pr`stup`t` rdzf`ą`tè vrstded dht`vjbst` u bhv`ru sv`c vrstd tdlj`ąh`c ` hdarbvsh`c pbsfbvd,


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt` jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld ]rmashb pbsfbvdjlm ebĉ`< -bkldsj`t` ` amn`j`rdt` tmemfljm pblebvm urmashbi pbsfbvdjld,-djdf`z`rdt` jdą`j bkdvfldjld urmashbi pbsfbvdjld bkdvfldjld urmashbi pbsfbvdjld u u t`lmfèd arźdvjm uprdvm, u t`lmfèd lma`j`gd fbhdfjm ` pbaruąjm uprdvm, u prdvjè bsbkded s ldvjè bvfdstèd df` ` u bkf`gèd tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd, -uspbrma`t` ` rdzf`hbvdt` jdą`j bkdvfldjld urmashbi pbsfbvdjld ` hbrmspbamjg`lm u uprdv` ` aruiè tlmfèd -bridj`z`rdt` uą`jhbv`tb zdprèdjlm,prmtrdź`vdjlm pbcrdju abhuemjdtd -`zdkrdt` baibvdrdluĉu hbeuj`hdg`lu ` p`semju hbrmspbamjg`lu sd strdjhd u uprdv` ` aruiè tlmfèd

;.1.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmjprmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm (hdfmjadr

jdstdvm)

4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (; sdtd)

;. Jdąmfd ` tmemflj` pblebv` u urmashbe pbsfbvdjlu (; sdtd)

7. Q`lmfd hbld bkdvfldlu pbsfbvm urmashbi pbsfbvdjld (; sdtd)

1. Lma`jstvmjb prbp`s`vdjlm ` bzjdądvdjlm prmaemtd ` dhdtd u urmashbe pbsfbvdjlu (; sdtd)

=. Hfds`n`hdg`lshd bzjdhd ` uruaźkmj` krbl (; sdtd) >. [dajlm u urmashbe pbsfbvdjlu (; sdtd)



;13

9. _mądt`, Ťtdek`fl` ` źìbv` (; sdtd)

3. Hbfbhv`l 4 (4 sdt pbjdvfldjlm 4 sdt p`sdjlm hbfbhv`ld)

0. _bstupdjlm s pbajmsgèd strdjdhd u uprdvjbe pbstuphu (; sdtd)

4?. ]prdvjm pr`stblkm (; sdtd)

44. _bsfbvjb hbeuj`g`rdjlm (; sdtd)

4;. Abstdvd p`semjd u uprdvjbe pbstuphu (; sdtd)

47. _bsmkjm vrstm abstdvd p`semjd (; sdtd)

41. _rèlmjd jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm u urmashbe pbsfbvdjlu(; sdtd) 4=. Hbfbhv`l ; (4 sdt pbjdvfldjlm 4 sdt p`sdjlm hbfbhv`ld)

;.=.^rstm zvbĔmjld jdstdvm<

prmadvdjld



(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.>. Hbemjtdr`<


Bkvmzm rmabvj`c stuamjdtd<-pbcdĔdjlm jdstdvm -dht`vjbst jd jdstdv`-pbfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld-(p`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd)


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4(4,=)

_`sdj` `sp`t _rblmht



Hbfbhv`l` ; (;) Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉd zdadĉd (?,=)


;.0. [dajb bptmrmĉmjlm stuamjdtd

[dajb bptmrmĉmjlm stuamjdtd pb svè bsjbvded `zjbs` zd 4 MGQW kba 4= sdt` rdad u smemstru._b svè bsjbvded bptmrmĉmjlm stuamjdtd zd 7 MGQW kbad jd hbfmi`lu ]rmashb pbsfbvdjlm `zjbs`< -pbcdĔdjlm jdstdvm-dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ` vlmźkm -pr`prmem zd hbfbhv`lm `/`f` `sp`tm, sdebstdfjb uąmjlm bkvmzjm f`tmrdturm


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad rmabvj`c stuamjdtd<_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm lm bkdvmzjb zd rmabvjm stuamjtm. Ad k` abk`f` pbtp`s stuamjt` ebrdlu pr`sustvbvdt` jd e`jèdfjb 9?%



;10

zdvrŤjbe sp`tu prmadvdjld. @zbstdjdh zkbi kbfmst` pbtrmkjb bprdvadt` `spr`ąj`gbe f`lmąj`hd. ] shfbpu prmadvdjld, stuamjt` su auźj` dht`vjbsualmfbvdt`, d pbsmk`gm u pbjdvfldjlèd hbld sm bajbsm jd irda`vb bkrdĔmjb jd prmtcbajbe prmadvdjlu. ] smemstru smp`Ťu ; hbfbhv`ld (stuamj` ` s`lmądjl).] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm tm kbabv` pr`hupflmj` t`lmhbe vlmźk` ` putmedht`vjbst` jd jdstdv`.Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld 4? kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4? kbabvd


Wtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm, auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmjp`sdj` a`b `sp`td.

;.44. Bkvmzjd f`tmrdturd (BF uhdfmjadru jdstdvm)

[ma.kr. Jdz`v

4. HdsdkdŤ`ĉ . (;??9) ]rmashb pbsfbvdjlm u prèlmj` ` pbstupdjlm s pbajmsgèd strdjdhd u uprdvjbe

pbstuphu, 7. abpujlmjb `zadjlm, \dirmk, Jbv` `jnbredtbr a.b.b., abstupjb u vmfmuą`f`Ťjblhjl`źj`g`.

;. ]rmakd b urmashbe pbsfbvdjlu (JJ 9/?0)

;.4;. Abpujshd f tmrdturd (AF uhdfmjadru jdstdvm)

[ma.kr. Jdz`v

4. ]stdv [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm (JJ 3=/4?)

;. \dhbj b drc`vshbe irda`vu ` drc`vèd ((JJ 4?=/09, >1/??, >=/?0)7. \dhbj b mfmhtrbj`ąhbl `sprdv` (JJ 4=?/?=)7. \dhbj b mfmhtrbj`ąhbe pbtp`su (JJ 4?/?;, 3?/?3) 1. \dhbj b bpĉme uprdvjbe pbstuphu (JJ 19/44) =. \dhbj b pmądtèd ` źìbvèd s irkbe [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm (JJ 77/0=) >. \dhbj b prdvu jd pr`stup `jnbredg`lded (JJ ;=/47)

9. \dhbj b uprdvjè pr`stblkded (JJ 4;>/44)3. ]rmakd b jdtp`sjbl pfbą` ` zdifdvflu dhtd t`lmfd arźdvjm uprdvm, fbhdfjm, pbaruąjm (rmi`bjdfjm) `

elmsjm sdebuprdvm, tm prdvj`c bsbkd hblm èdlu ldvjm bvfdst` (JJ 71/?;)0. Mt`ąh` hbamhs arźdvj`c sfuźkmj`hd (JJ 1?/44, 47/4;) 4?. dsbp`s`<

Wtuamjt` sm upuĉulu ad zd prbŤ`rmjlm zjdjld `z pbaruąld prmaemtd tm zd `zrdau zdadj`c zdadtdhd ` rdabvduzeu u bkz`r svdhdhb ` ądsbp`sm hbl` su abstupj` u ^mfmuą`f`Ťjbl hjl`źj`g` \d prbŤ`rmjlm zjdjld `z pbaruąld prdvd, stuamjt` sm tdhbĔmr upuĉulu jd pbrtdf zjdjstvmj`c ądsbp`sd [mpukf`hm



;=?

Crvdtshm www.crądh.srgm.cr . 7. ABADQJM @JNB[EDG@LM B HBFMI@L]

7.4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm

Wtuamjtèd su prmadvdjld bkvmzjd lmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu. Ad k` abk`f` pbtp`s stuamjt` ebrdlubkdvmzjb pr`sustvbvdt` jd e`jèdfjb 9?% prmadvdjld. Wtuamjt` hbl` zkbi kbfmst` jm abĔu jd prmadvdjld ebrdlu abj`lmt`vdźmĉu `spr`ąj`gu ba f`lmąj`hd jd prvb sf`lmamĉm prmadvdjlm. Wtuamjt` su auźj` jd prmadvdjld jbs`t` k`flmźj`gu ` bkvmzjuf`tmrdturu, d u sfuądlu jm pbslmabvdjld `st`c, uadflulu sm s jdstdvm. Wtuamjt` hbl` hdsjm jd prmadvdjlm ebiu uĉ` u uą`bj`gupba prvbe pduzbe, df` ĉm è sm abfdzdh jd jdstdvu mvàmjt`rdt` hdb =?% pr`sutjbst` jd jdstdv` tbid prmadvdjld. Basutjbsts jdstdvm jm bprdvadvd jmzjdjlm `f` bak`ldjlm advdjld baibvbrd jd pbstdvflmjb p`tdjlm jd sf`lmamĉme prmadvdjlu, pr`f`hbesvdhbi rmabvjbid pbjdvfldjld. Wtuamjt` hbl` uąmstdfb bemtdlu jdstdvu ebiu k`t` uadflmj` sd prmadvdjld tm è sm k`flmź`pr`sutjbst u bjbf`hbl elmr` u hblbl su jd prmadvdjlèd k`f` pr`sutj`.

7.;. Hbjtdht`rdjlm s jdstdvj`hbe

Wtuamjt` ebiu hbjtdht`rdt` s jdstdvj`hbe t`lmhbe tmre`jd hbjzuftdg`ld hblm sm barźdvdlu pbsf`lm p`semjbi a`lmfd `sp`td, zdvr`lmem jdstdvm tm jmpbsrmajb jdhbj. Ebiuĉm lm ` pbźmfljb pbstdv`t` p`tdjld m-ed`fbe jd hbl` ĉm k`t` baibvbrmjb jdlhdsj`lmzd 13 sdt` (bsè u vr`lmem v`hmjad, jmrdaj`c adjd `f` iba`Ťjlmi baebrd). _bźmfljb lm ad stuamjt` zd svm jmldsjbĉm abĔu ŤtbąmŤĉm jd hbjzuftdg`lm.

7.7. @jnbre`rdjlm b hbfmi`lu

Bkvmzd svdhbi stuamjtd lm rmabv`tb sm `jnbre`rdt` b bav`ldjlu jdstdvm ` zdadgèd hbl` su zdadj` jd jdstdv` tm k`flmź`t`hbepfmtjb irda`vb urmajb u k`flmźj`g` hdhb k` urmajb ebidb sualmfbvdt` u hbjt`ju`rdjè pbjdvfldjlèd zjdjld. _bźmfljb lm bt`lmhu jdstdvm ` bkrda` jdstdvjbi irda`vd p`tdt` stuamjtm `f` jdstdvj`hd. Wvm bkdv`lmst` b barźdvdjlu `f` mvmjtudfjbl baiba`prmadvdjld k`t ĉm bkldvflmjm jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd e`jèdfjb ;1 sdtd rdj`lm. Edtmr`ldf` ` `jnbredg`lm b hbfmi`luabstupjm su jd wmk strdj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. ^dźjb lm rmabv`tb prdt`t` bkdv`lmst` jd wmk strdj`gded ` bifdsjbl pfbą `.

7.1. _`sdj` rdabv` _`sdj` rdabv` p`Ťu sm rdąujdfbe. 7.=. Bstdfb (abadt` pb pbtrmk`)

http://www.xn--hrak-hua.srce.hr/






;=4

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM



4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldBk`tmflshb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_ + 4= W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) @zkbrj` 4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


Qmemflj` g`fl hbfmi`ld lm upbzjdt` stuamjtm s tmemfljè pblebvèd vmzdjè zd pbauzmtj`Ťtvb, zjdąmjlm pbauzmĉd uibspbadrshbe bhruźmjlu, tm tmemfljè mfmemjtèd pbauzmtj`ąhm dht`vjbst` u pbauzmĉu. G`fl lm stuamjtèd uhdzdt` jd svmk`tjm hdrdhtmr`st`hm bk`tmflshbi pbauzmtj`Ťtvd ` pbauzmtj`ąhbi pbjdŤdj ld. Jdifdsdh lm jd prmuzèdjlu pbauzmtj`ąhbi r`z`hd `jm`zvlmsjbst`. G`fl prmaemtd lm bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd pbhrmtdjlm pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd ba hbjgmptudf`zdg`lm àmlm, prmhbàmjt`n`g`rdjld pbsfbvjm pr`f`hm, tm pbstdvfldjlm pbsfbvjbi ebamfd hblè sm pbvmzulm tè, pbtrmkj` rmsurs`, bridj`zdg`lshb-prdvj` bkf`h ` bkf`h uprdvfldjld.


hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjmzd hbfmi`l

Jmed uvlmtd


_rè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld hrbz ebiuĉjbst sdebzdpbŤfldvdjld bstvdr`vdjlme bsbkj`c pbauzmtj`ąh`c amld prblmhdtd, `zdk`rdjlme strdtmŤh`c bpg`ld btvdrdjlme vfdst`tm `f` bk`tmflshm tvrthm bajbsjb bkrtd tm krmja`rdjld suklmhdtd

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` `scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? scbad uąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Bk`tmflshb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb ebĉ`< _rmpbzjdt` ` bkldsj`t` zjdądl pbauzmtj`Ťtvd ` pbauzmtj`ąhbi uselmrmjld zd ibspbadrsh` rdzvbl jmhm mhbjbe`lm. @amjt`n`g`rdt` `jtmrprmt`rdt` prdvj` ` `jst`tug`bjdfj` bhv`r hdb pbarŤhu rdzvblu bk`tmflshbi pbauzmtj`Ťtvd u [mpukf`g`

Crvdtshbl.



;=;

Jdvmst` ` bkldsj`t` pbauzmtj`ąhm vlmŤt`jm ` bsbk`jm k`tjm zd vbĔmjlm bk`tmflshbi pbazmĉd.

Bkldsj`t` se`sdb, zjdądl ` sdarźdl pbsfbvjbi pfdjd tm id zjdt` prè`lmj`t` pr`f`hbe pbhrmtdjld pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd.

@amjt`n`g`rdt` vdfbr`z`rdt` r`z`hm pr`f`hbe pbhrmtdjld pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm. (4 sdt)_blebvjb barmĔmjlm pbauzmtj`Ťtvd. _r`rbad ` vdźjbst pbauzmtj`Ťtvd (; sdtd)

;. _bauzmtj`ąh` jdą`j rdze`Ťfldjld. Hrmdt`vjbst, pbsfbvjd àmld ` djdf`zd pr`f`hm. (; sdtd)_bauzmtj`ąhd hufturd ` pbvlmrmjlm. Nujhg`lm pbauzmtj`Ťtvd (stvdrdjlm hbjhurmjtshm prma jbst`, nujhg`ld hbjtrbf`rdjld upbauzmtj`Ťtvu). (4 sdt)

7. Bk`tmflshb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb ‗ pblde, prmajbst`, jmabstdg`. (; sdtd)Wme`jdr` ‗ Djdf`zd ` uspbrmakd pbauzmtjąhm àmlm ` pbauzmtj`ąhm pr`f hm. (4 sdt)

1. _bauzmĉm pbauzmtj`ąhb bhruźmjlm. Hbjhurmjtjbst bk`tmflsh`c pbauzmĉd. (; sdtd)Wme`jdr` ‗ Djdf`zd pbauzmtj`ąhm bhbf`jm. (4 sdt)

=. Edfb ` srmajlm pbauzmtj`Ťtvb. @jbvdg`lshb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb. (; sdtd)Wme`jdr ‗ Djdf`zd pbauzmtj`ąhm bhbf`jm. (4 sdt)

> . ]prdvfldjlm bk`tmflshè pbauzmĉme. (; sdtd)Wme`jdr ‗ _r`prmed abhuemjtdg`lm zd pbhr mtdjlm pbauzmtj`ąhbi pbtcvdtd (4 sdt)

9. ŵ`vbtj` g`hfus bk`tmflshbi pbauzmĉd (4 sdt) Wme`jdr ‗ _r`prmed abhuemjtdg`lm zd pbhrmtdjlm pbauzmtj`ąhbi pbtcvdtd. (4 sdt)@ hbfbhv`l. (4 sdt)

3. _bauzmtj`ąhb prblmht`rdjlm (]pbtrmkd hbr`Ťtmjlm pbsfbvjbi pfdjd). (; sdtd)Wme`jdr ‗ zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd. (7 sdtd)

0. _bsfbvj` pfdj< bsj`vdjlm ` pbąmtdh pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd (7 sdtd) Wme`jdr ‗ @zrdad pbsfbvjbi pfdjd. (4 sdt)

4?. N`jdjg`rdjlm pbsfbvjbi pbtcvdtd (; sdtd)Wme`jdr ‗ @zrdad n`jdjg`lshbi pfdjd. (4 sdt)

44. ]prdvfldjlm, rdzv`ldjlm pr`vbĔmjlm jbvbi pbtcvdtd hrdlu (; sdtd)Wme`jdr ‗ @zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd (4 sdt)

4;. ^fdsj`ąhd aèmjz`ld bk`tmflshbi k`zj`sd. (; sdtd)

Wme`jdr ‗ @zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd. (4 sdt)47. WtrdtmŤhb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb ‗ Jbvm imjmrdg`lm jdsflmĔ`vdjlm bk`tmflshbi k`zj`sd. (; sdtd)Wme`jdr` ‗ `zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd. (4 sdt)

41. @zdzbv` pbauzmtj`Ťtvd u ;4. Wtbflmĉu (Jbvd mhbjbe`ld, Jbv` pbsfbvj` ebamf` rdzvbld pbauzmtj`Ťtvd,]ermźdvdjlm ` pbauzmtj`Ťtvb) . (; sdtd)Wme`jdr` ‗ @zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd (4 sdt)

4=. [mhdp`tufdg`ld, pbjdvfldjlm ` prbvlmrd zjdjld. (; sdtd)@@. hbfbhv`l , `zfdidjlm sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` pbtp`s`. (4 sdt)



;=7




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


_bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu.Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu bkvmzju `sp`tju f`tmrdturu, k`flmźj`gu ` edtmr`ldfm rmfmvdjtjm zd prmav`Ĕmju tmeu prmadvdjld (wmk strdj`gm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`). Wdebstdfjd `zrdad sme`jdrshbi rdad ` jlmibvd sdebstdfjd prmzmjtdg`ld prma bstdfè stuamjtèd._bfdidjlm avd (;) hbfbhv`ld.


_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4,= _`semj` `sp`t _rblmhtMhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda


Hbfbhv`l` 4,= Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,= Abedĉm zdadĉm



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt jd tmemflu abfdzdhd jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab =kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wtuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab = kbabvd zd dht`vjbst u jdstdv`.7. @zrdĔmj ` bkrdjlmj (prmzmjt`rdj) sme`jdrsh` rda (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjtd jd sme`jdrshbl jdstdv`, `zrdad ` prmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Hrbzdht`vj` pr`stup `zrda` ` prmzmjtdg`l` sme`jdrshbi rdad stuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba ? ab ;? kbabvd.1. Hbfbhv`l` @ ` @@ ((sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt t`lmhbe smemstrd p`Ťm avd hbfbhv`ld tm putme jl`c ebźm bstvdr`t`

jdlv`Ťm 9? kbabvd, svdh` hbfbhv`l jbs` edhsèdfjb 7= kbabvd. Wtuamjt lm u bkvmz` pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jdhbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ ebiuĉ`c kbabvd.] hbjdąju bglmju `z hbfmi`ld ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld,sme`jdrshbi rdad, pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm ` dht`vjbst` u jdstdv`.

Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm = kbabvd Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` = kbabvdWme`jdrsh` rda ;? kbabvdHbfbhv`l` 9? kbabvd



;=1

]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Hruź`ĉ, A. (;??1) Bk`tmflsh` k`zj`s. \dirmk< [[`n _fus a.b.b. 7

Huvdą`ĉ, J. (;??=) K`zj`s- pfdj `f` pbauzmtj`ąh` prblmht . Wpf`t< Kmrmt`j 7Hbfdhbv`ĉ. E. (;??>) _bauzmtj`Ťtvb u mhbjbe`l` zjdjld. \dirmk< W`jmri`ldjdhfdaj`Ťtvb a.b.b.

7

;. hrt`ĉ, E. (;??>) _bauzmtj`Ťtvb. \dirmk< W`jmri`ld jdhfdaj`Ťtvb a.b.b. =



4. Dffmj, Hdtcfmmj [. (;??9) Irbw`ji dja Edjdi`ji d sedff kus`jmss< Dj mjtrmprmjmur`df pmrspmgt`vm. Kbstbj<Cbuictbj E`nnf`j Gb. _bifdvfld< 4,;,7,0,4?,44,4;,47,41,4=.;. Kdjis, Advà C. Lr.(4003) Hdhb jdprdv`t` pbsfbvj` pfdj. \dirmk< Ldhuk`j ` s`j7. Kukfm, E. (;??>) Emjdaźemjt. Wpf`t< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u Wpf`tu1. Imrkmr, E`gcdmf M. (;??=) Fmimjad b pbauzmtj`Ťtvu, \dirmk< @KW ‗ K`kf`btmhd 7_

=. Ebrr`s, E.C.8 Hurdthb, A.N.8 Gbv`j, L.I. (;??9) Gbrpbrdtm Mjtrmprmjmursc`p & @jjbvdt`bj, Qcbesbj Wbutc-Ymstmrj>. Whup`jd dutbrd. (;??>) _rè`lmjlmjb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb. Wpf`t-\dirmk< Kmrmt`j, Gmrd _rbe

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtmhbl` bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm`zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvè prmzmjt`rdjlme prma bstdfèstuamjtèd. _r`f`hbe `zrdam ` prmzmjt`rdjld sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd stuamjtèd lm ba strdjm jdstdvj`hd bsìurdj emjtbrsh` rdahbl` jd jmpbsrmadj jdą`j bsìurdvd stlmgdjlm pbtrmkj`c `zfdzj`c zjdjld ` hbepmtmjg`ld hba stuamjdtd.

] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`. ] pbsmkjbe mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgujdstdvj`hd tdhbĔmr sm vba` mvàmjg`ld b pr`sutjbst` stuamjdtd jd jdstdv`, df` ` b dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd jd prmadvdjlèd,sme`jdrèd ` rmzuftdtèd bstvdrmjèd jd hbfbhv`lèd.]splmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd djdf`z`rd sm t`lmhbe jdstdvjbi prbgmsd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjèprbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jd hbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprlmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;==

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Kdrkdrd _`shmr, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1+4

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldAruŤtvmjb baibvbrjb pbsfbvdjlm 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_+4=W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Jmed 4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld

bj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)



bp`sd hbfmi`ld

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) @4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


]pbzjdt` ` pr`prme`t` stuamjtm zd pbsfbvj` sv`lmt hbl` sm jmprmstdjb e`lmjld ` pr`fdibĔdvd jbvbjdstdfè bhbfjbstèd hrbzprbgms hbjt`ju`rdjbi prmibvdrdjld ` rmamn`j`rdjld bstvdr`vbi. [dzv`t` hba stuamjdtd sv`lmst b baibvbrjbst` zd svm `jtmrmsjma`bj`hm pbsfbvjm bridj`zdg`lm hbld uą` ` `jtmir`rd prbelmjl`vd bąmh`vdjld aruŤtvd u svbl emjdaźemjt r`z`hd, prbelmjd `pr`f`hd. Bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd rdzf`ą`tm pr`stupm ` jdą`jm pbstdvfldjld jbv`c pfdtnbre` ` dhtudfj`c pbsfbvj`c prdhs` hblmzdabvbfldvdlu bąmh`vdjld svbi pbsfbvjbi bhruźmjld. _btdĉ` hba stuamjdtd hr`t`ąhb vr lmajbvdjlm dhtudfjbst`, dsp`rdg`ld `baibvbrjbst`, hdb ` trdjsnbredg`lu prbgmsd ` sustdvd sv`c uhfluąmj`c `jtmrms jb-utlmgdlj`c aruŤtvmj`c shup`jd. Bspbsbk`t`

stuamjtm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm, tuedąmjlm tm èpfmemjtdg`lu hbjgmptd aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld u pbsfbvdjlmpbauzmĉd.



hbfmi`l

Jmed


Bspbsbk`t` stuamjtm zd rdzue`lmvdjlm, tuedąmjlm tm èpfmemjtdg`lu hbjgmptd aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld upbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd.



;=>

_rmpbzjdt` ` vrlmajbvdt` ufbiu aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld s bkz`rbe jd pbŤt`vdjlm pbtrmkd bhruźld u hblmepbauzmĉm almfulm.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Wbg`bfbi`ld ebĉ`< Amn`j`rdt` bkldsj`t` spmg`n`ąjbst aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld

[dzf`hbvdt`, amn`j`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` tmemfljm pblebvm aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld

Bkldsj`t`, rdzf`hbvdt`, `jtmrprmt`rdt` ` uspbrma`t` rdzf`ą`tm tmbr`lm, Ťhbfm ` prdvgm aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld

Bkldsj`t` emĔusbkju vmzu zemĔu aruŤtvmjm jtmrdhg`lm ` bkf`hbvdjld mhbjbesh`c jtmrmsd

Bkldsj`t` emĔubajbs aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld ` barź`vbi rdzvbld

Amn`j`rdt`, djdf`z`rdt` ` bkldsj`t` mt`ąhu aèmjz`lu pbauzmtj`Ťtvd ` ebrdfju baibvbrjbst pbauzmĉd

@epfmemjt`rdt` hbjgmpt aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld u hbjhrmtjb pbauzmĉm @amjt`n`g`rdt`, uspbrma`t` ` bkldsj`t` elmstb ` ufbiu suvrmemjbi crvdtshbi aruŤtvd s bkz`rbe jd hbjgmpt aruŤtvmjb

baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld

_rmpbzjdt` ` vrlmajbvdt` ufbiu aruŤtvmjm baibvbrjbst` pbauzmĉd s bkz`rbe jd pbŤt`vdjlm pbtrmkd bhruźld u hblmealmfulm


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (4 sdt);. AruŤtvmjb baibvbrjb pbsfbvdjlm< pblde, pbldvd ` pbv`lmsj` rdzvbl8 hfluąj` dhtmr` (7 sdtd) 7. @jtmrmsj` a`bj`h< pblde, vrstm ` zdctlmv`, prèdrj`/smhujadrj` aruŤtvmj` ` prèdrj`/smhujadrj` jmaruŤtvmj` `jtmrmsj` a`bj`g`,tmemfl` bajbsd s `jvmst`tbrèd (7 sdtd)1. Wuvrmemj` hdp`tdf`zde ` mt`ąhd aèmjz`ld pbauzmtj`Ťtvd. [dzvbl ` jdprmadh hdb mt`ąhd ` mhbfbŤhd hdtmibr`ld . _blde èbrdfjd baibvbrjbst pbauzmĉd(7 sdtd) = Qmbr`ld `jtmrmsjbi a`bj`Ťtvd suvrmemjbi pbauzmĉd/hbrpbrdg`lm (rdzuej` pfurdf`zde)8 C. E`jtzkmri ‗ hbjgmptudfjdpbthbvd8 tmemflj` pr`jg`p` tmbr`lm pbŤtmj`c uibvbrd, hbrpbrdg`lshd amebhrdg`ld (7 sdtd)>. AruŤtvmjb baibvbrjb pbsfbvdjlm ` barź`v` rdzvbl (; sdtd) 9. C`lmrdrc`ld aèmjz`ld aruŤtvmjm baibvbrjbst`<AruŤtvmjd<pbsfbvjd (n`fdjtrbpshd, ebrdfjd, prdvjd, mhbjbeshd) (; sdtd) 3. AruŤtvmjb baibvbrjb pbsfbvdjlm ` jlmibv` uą`jg` AruŤtvmjd baibvbrjbst hdb a`b hbrpbrdg`lshbi irdĔdjstvd. (; sdtd) 0. _bźmfljm dht`vjbst` u g`flu bsìurdjld aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld (; sdtd)4?. AruŤtvmjd baibvbrjbst pbauzmĉd u crvdtshbe hbjtmhstu< hbepdrdt`vjd djdf`zd ` s`jtmzd (1 sdtd) 44. Ifdvj` `zdzbv` ` prmpbruhm zd rdzvbl (; sdtd)

4;. _rmajbst` aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbi pbsfbvdjld< jbvm pr`f`hm ` prmajbst` jd trź`Ťtu, uą`jhbv`tbst, pbtrbŤdą`, n`jdjg`lsh` uą`jg`,rmputdg`ld ` vr`lmajbst`, zdhbjshm barmakm (7 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



;=9


4. _bcdĔdjlm prmadvdjld ` sme`jdrd ;. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu7. _bfdidjlm hbfbhv`ld1. @zrdad ` prmzmjtdg`ld sme`jdrshbi rdad jd zdadju tmeu





Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda 4 (bstdfb up`sdt`)

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ?,> ]semj` `sp`t (bstdfb up`sdt`)



4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _ba stuamjtshbe dht`vjbŤĉu pbardzue`lmvd sm sprmejbst jd sualmfbvdjlm u a`shus`l` jd zdadju tmeu jd sdtu, tm urmajb i`zvrŤdvdjld abedĉ`c zdadĉd hblm sm sdstblm ba pr`prmedjld zd jdabfdzmĉu tmeu prmadvdjld (u se`sfu trdźmjld pblebvd urlmąj`gèd, bpĉmi `jnbre`rdjld b zdadjbl tme` u edss ema`lèd, ą`tdjld hrdĉ`c `jnbredt`vj`c ąfdjdhd, tm prmtrdź`vdjld`jnbredg`ld jd @jtmrjmtu). Dht`vjbe pdrt`g`pdg`lbe u jdstdv` stuamjt ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 7 ab4= kbabvd 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ; (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9= kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkdhbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, dht`vjbst` u jdstdv` ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

_bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm 4? kbabvd

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` 4= kbabvd


Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`semj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lmpbfbźmj p`semj` a`b `sp`td.



JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld



;=3

Irupd dutbrd< Hvdf`tmtd ` aruŤtvmjd baibvbrjbst, CAEH, ;?4;.

Hbttfmr, Jdjgy Fmm< AB_-aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjb pbsfbvdjlm , E.M._. Gbjsuft,;??0.

_rmadvdjld `z prmaemtd Wbg`bfbi`ld zd tmhuĉu dhdameshu iba`ju Bkldvflmjd jdwmk strdj`g`^]_-d


Kdrrmtt8 [.< Ku`fa`ji d ^dfums-Ar`vmj Bridj`zdt`bj< D Ycbfm Wystme Dpprbdgc tb Gufturdf Qrdjsnbredt`bj, Kuttmrwbrtc-Cm`jmedjj, Kbstbj mtg., ;??>.Kurjms, K.< Edjdi`ji Gcdjim, 1tc ma`t`bj, _rmjt`gm Cdff, Jmw Pbrh, ;??1.Abppmft, K.< Fmda`ji Gcdjim Qbwdra Wustd`jdk`f`ty< D Gcdjim-Edjdimemjt Iuàm nbr Kus`jmss, Ibvmrjemjt dja G`v`fWbg`mty, Irmmjfmdn _ukf`sc`ji, Wcmnn`mfa, ;??7.

Cmrtz, J. (;??7)< Qcm W`fmjt Qdhmbvmr ‗ Ifbkdf Gdp`tdf`se dja tcm Amdtc bn Amebgrdgy, CdrpmrKus`jmss, Jmw PbrhCbph`js, E.< Gbrpbrdtm Wbg`df [mspbjs`k`f`ty dja @jtmrjdt`bjdf Amvmfbpemjt< @s Kus`jmss tcm Wbfut`bj2, Mdrtcsgdj_ukf`gdt`bjs Fta., Fbjabj, ;??>.Hbttmr, L. _.< D Wmjsm bn ]rimjgy, Cdrvdra Kus`jmss Wgcbbf _rmss, Kbstbj, ;??3.Mpstm`j, E. L., Mfh`jitbj, L., Fmbjdra, C. K.< Edh`ji Wustd`jdk`f`ty Ybrh< Kmst _rdgt`gms `j Edjdi`ji dja Emdsur`jiGbrpbrdtm Wbg`df, Mjv`rbjemjtdf dja Mgbjbe`g @epdgts, Kmrrmtt-Hbmcfmr _ukf`scmrs, Wdj Nrdjg`sgb, ;??3.Fdszfb, G.< Qcm Wustd`jdkfm Gbepdjy - Cbw tb Grmdtm Fdst`ji ^dfum Qcrbuic Wbg`df dja Mjv`rbjemjtdf _mrnbredjgm,@sfdja _rmss, Ydsc`jitbj mtg., ;??7.Fdszfb, G.< Wustd`jdkfm ^dfum< Cbw tcm Ybrfa's Fmda`ji Gbepdj`ms Drm Ab`ji Ymff ky Ab`ji Ibba, Wtdjnbra Kus`jmssKbbhs, ;??3.Edy, W. H., Gcmjmy, I., [bpmr, L.< Qcm Amkdtm bvmr Gbrpbrdtm Wbg`df [mspbjs`k`f`ty, Bxnbra ]j`vmrs`ty _rmss, ;??9.^`ssmr, Y., Edttmj, A., _bcf, E., Qbfcurst, J.< Qcm D tb \ bn Gbrpbrdtm Wbg`df [mspbjs`k`f`ty< D Gbepfmtm [mnmrmjgm Iuàmtb Gbjgmpts, Gbams dja Bridj`sdt`bjs, Lbcj Y`fmy dja Wbjs, Jmw Pbrh mtg., ;??3.^bimf, A.< Qcm Edrhmt nbr ^`rtum< Qcm _btmjt`df Dja Fè`ts bn Gbrpbrdtm Wbg`df [mspbjs`k`f`ty, Krbbh`jis @jst`tut`bj _rmss,Ydsc`jitbj AG, ;??>.Ymrtcmr, Y. K. Lr., Gcdjafmr, A.< Wtrdtmi`g Gbrpbrdtm Wbg`df [mspbjs`k`f`ty< Wtdhmcbfamrs `j d Ifbkdf Mjv`rbjemjt, Wdim_ukf`gdt`bjs, Qcbusdja Bdhs, Fbjabj dja Jmw Amfc`, ;??>.xxx< Cdrvdra Kus`jmss [mv`mw bj Gbrpbrdtm [mspbjs`k`f`ty, Cdrvdra Kus`jmss Wgcbbf _rmss, Kbstbj, ;??7.


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv` hrbz sualmfbvdjlm u a`shus`l` jd zdadju tmeu jd sdtu, tm urmajb i `zvrŤdvdjld abedĉ`czdadĉd hblm sm sdstblm ba pr`prmedjld zd jdabfdzmĉu tmeu prmadvdjld , pbsmk`gm su stuamjt` dht`vj` jd sme`jdrèdjl`cbvbe `zrdabe ` prmzmjtdg`lbe prma bstdfè stuamjtèd.] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd sme`jdrèd, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.



;=0




;>?

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg. Aukrdvhd Edcdąmh v. prma 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) 1

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld]prdvfldąhb rdąujbvbastvb 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 7?_ + 4= ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.


4.




bp`sd hbfmi`ld

-

4.=. Wtdtus hbfmi`ld (B, @) @4.44. Bsuvrmemjl`vdjlm



;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


@jtmrjb `zvlmŤĉ`vdjlm adjds pbstdlm `zjèjb zjdądljb zd rdzvbl ` bpstdjdh pbauzmĉd jd trź`Ťtu. Wdarźdlme bvbi hbfmi`ldadj lm hbjgmpt uprdvfldąhbi rdąujbvbastvd. Wtuamjt` abk`vdlu spbzjdlm b pfdj`rdjlu ` hbjtrbf` pbsfbvj`c dht`vjbst` upbauzmĉu, hdb ` b sdstdvfldjlu vdźj`c rdąujbvbastvmj`c `jnbredg`ld zd pbtrmkm pbsfbvjbi bafuą`vdjld. ]prdvfldąhbrdąujbvbastvb adlm `jnbredg`lm b prbn`tdk`fjbst` pblma`j`c prb`zvbad ` edrh` prb`zvbad, b a`str`kug`lshè hdjdfèd ` sf`ąjb. Qm`jnbredg`lm hbr`stm sm zd abjbŤmjlm bafuhd b dfbhdg`l` rmsursd ` bafuhd b utvrĔ`vdjlu g`lmjd. Bvdl hbfmi`l upbzjdlm stuamjtm sd zjdąmjlme trbŤhbvd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrshbi suklmhtd zd pbtrmkm abjbŤmjldauibrbąj`c ` hrdthbrbąj`c bafuhd tm zd hbjtrbfu usplmŤjbst` u pbsfbvdjlu ` uprdvfldjlu pbauzmĉme. Bpĉd zjdjld hbld stuamjt` mhbjbe`lm stlmąu bvè hbfmi`lme bajbsm sm jd pfdj`rdjlm ` hbjtrbfu bav`ldjld pbsfbvjbi prbgmsdjmhbi pbsfbvjbi suklmhtd._bsmkjbst lm bvbid hbfmi`ld ad bspbsbkfldvd stuamjtm zd pr`prmeu `jnbredg`ld bhrmjut`c kuauĉjbst` ` `jtmrjb `zvlmŤĉ`vdjlm.


]fdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd usplmŤjb prdĉmjlm jdstdvm hbfmi`ld ]prdvfldąhb rdąujbvbastvb uhfluąulu< pbzjdvdjlm pbsfbvj`c hjlìd ` hjlìbvbastvmj`c sprdvd pbauzmtj`hd,

pbzjdvdjlm hjlìbvbastvmjbi hbjtd ` hbjtjbi pfdjd pbauzmtj`hd,

pbzjdvdjlm n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld ` mfmemjdtd n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld pbauzmtj`hd, pbzjdvdjlm prdv`fd mvàmjt`rdjld jd hbjtèd dht`vm ` pds`vm, pr`cbad ` rdscbad.Wuhfdajb jdvmamjbe uvlmt zd `zfdzdh jd `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld ]prdvfldąhb rdąujbvbastvb lm pbfbźmj `sp`t `z hbfmi`ld[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@.

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jd rdz`j` prbirded 4. prmzmjt`rdt` rdąujbvbastvmjm `jnbredg`lm rmfmvdjtjm zd prbgms bafuą`vdjld v`Ť`c uprdvfldąh`c nujhg`ld,



;>4

hblèd hbfmi`l pràbjbs` ;. hvdjt`tdt`vjb pbaupr`lmt` n`jdjg`lshb bafuą`vdjlm, 7. rdji`rdt` g`flmvm pbsfbvjbi suklmhtd jd bsjbvu rdąujbvbastvmj`c `jnbredg`ld, d u shfdau sd strdtmi`lbe ` pr`br`tmtèd, 1. hvdjt`tdt`vjb vdfbr`z`rdt` bafuhm bpmrdt`vjbi hdrdhtmrd u jmprmavà`vè uvlmtèd pbsfbvjbi bhruźmjld, =. bkf`hbvdt` sustdvm rdspbalmfm trbŤhbvd, >. bse`sf`t` hbjhrmtjd rlmŤmjld prbkfmed `z struhm rdamĉ` sdebstdfjb `/`f` u tèu.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld [dąujbvbastvb trbŤhbvd ebĉ`< prèlmjl`vdt` djdf`t`ąh` pr`stup pr` abjbŤmjlu bafuhd, usvbl`t` hvdjt`tdt`vj` jdą`jd rdze`Ťfldjld, rdzf`hbvdt` trbŤhbvjm hdtmibr`lm, amn`j`rdt` hfds`n`g`rdt` trbŤhbvm, prèlmjl`vdt` emtbam rdąujbvbastvmjbi bkucvdtd trbŤhbvd, `zrdĔ`vdt` hdfhufdg`lm u tribvdąhè, usfuźjè ` prb`zvbĔdąhè aruŤtvèd, `zrda`t` pfdj trbŤhbvd, bkrdąuj trbŤhbvd ` `zvlmŤtdl b trbŤhbvèd, spbzjdt` suvrmemjm ebamfm uprdvfldjld trbŤhbvèd.


]_[D^FLD HB [D ]JB^BAWQ^B ] [D ]JB^BAWQ^MJBE @JNB[EDG@LWHBE W]WQD^] (7 sdtd)HFDW@N@HDG@LD Q[BůHB^D (7 sdtd)W]WQD^@ BK[DĆ]JD Q[BůHB^D @ BGLMJD _[BN@QDK@FJBWQ@ (7 sdtd)BK[DĆ]J _B WQDJAD[AJ@E Q[BůHB^@ED (AE, A[, BQ_) (7 sdtd)]_[D^FLDJLM ^[@LMAJBůĎ] @ ELM[M _[BGLMJM ]W_LMůJBWQ@ _BWFB^DJLD (7 sdtd)NFMHW@K@FJ@ _[B[DĆ]J (7 sdtd)JB^ĆDJ@ _[B[DĆ]J (7 sdtd)Q[DJWNM[JM G@LMJM (7 sdtd)BK[DĆ]J Q[BůHB^D BHBF@ůD (7 sdtd)KDFDJGMA WGB[MGD[A (KWG) - ][D^JBQMŵMJ@ W]WQD^ ELM[MJLD [M\]FQDQD (7 sdtd)BK[DĆ]J G@FLJ@C Q[BůHB^D (7 sdtd)BK[DĆ]J Q[BůHB^D ŵ@^BQJBI @LMHD (7 sdtd)A]IB[BĆJB _BWFB^JB BAF]Ď@^DJLM - HD_@QDFJ@ _[B[DĆ]J (7 sdtd)]_[D^FLDĆHB [DĆ]JB^BAWQ^B LD^JBI WMHQB[D (7 sdtd)

Wuvrmemjm emtbam bkrdąujd trbŤhbvd u ldvjbe smhtbru ‗ DKG emtbadWustdv pfdj`rdjld hbjtrbfm trbŤhbvd u ldvjbe smhtbru

[DĆ]JB^BAWQ^B @ N@JDJG@LWHB @\^LMůQD^DJLM ] N]JHG@L@ ]_[D^FLDJLD [@\@G@ED @ _[B^MAK@]J]QD[JLM HBJQ[BFM @ [M^@\@LM (7 sdtd)

Bk`flmźld rdzvbld ujutdrjlm hbjtrbfm ` rmv`z`lm u ldvjbe smhtbru u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl ]fbid rdąujbvbastvd zvlmŤtdvdjld u prbvmak` ujutdrjlm hbjtrbfm rmv`z`lm

;.>.^rstm zvbĔmjld jdstdvm< prmadvdjld sdebstdfj` zdadg` ;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



;>;

sme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmjlm tmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)




Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu hbjtj` pfdj, k`flmźj`gu hdfhufdtbr




Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda Msml [mnmrdt

Hbjt`ju`rdjd prbvlmrdzjdjld

Hbfbhv`l` ; Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm ?,=



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 4 ab 4?kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą. ;. Abedĉm zdadĉm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _`sdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvd prmzmjtdg`ld jd pfbą` prma bstdfè stuamjtèd abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbzdht`vjb rlmŤdvdjlm abedĉ`c zdadĉd ebźm bstvdr`t` ba 7 ab 4= kbabvd. 7. Hbfbhv`l` 4,; ` 7 (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) _bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9= kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` svdtr` hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm. Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<


Abedĉm zdadĉm 4= kbabvd Hbfbhv`l` 9= kbabvd

]hupjb 4?? kbabvd




;>7



JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Kmfdh, ^. mt. df., ;??0. [dąujbvbastvb prb`zvbajlm, \dirmk, [[`N, 4

Iuf`j, A. mt. df. ;?44. ]pr dvfldąhb rdąujbvbastvb, \dirmk, C\[`NA 1

Hbjtj` pfdj zd tribvdąhd aruŤtvd ` bstdfm bkvmzj`hm pbrmzd jd abk`t, ;?4?. \dirmk<C\[`NA



_mrŤ`ĉ, E., Ldjhbv`ĉ, W. (;??>) Emjdaźmrshb rdąujbvbastvb cbtmfd, \dirmk, C\[@NA

Irupd dutbrd (;??>) [dąujbvbastvb tribvdąh`c aruŤtdvd uz prèlmju EWN@/E[W ` pbrmzj`c prbp`sd, \dirmk , C\[@NA

Irupd dutbrd (;?4?) [dąujbvbastvb pbauzmtj`hd s prèlmrèd hjl`źmjld, \dirmk, [[@N- _fus a.b.b.

Irupd dutbrd (;??3) _rèlmjd Crvdtsh`c stdjadrad n`jdjg`lshbi `zvlmŤtdvdjld- s pbrmzjè prbpsèd, \dirmk< C\[@NA

Ćdsbp`s`< 7? [dąujbvbastvb n`jdjg`lm (www.r`n.cr ) 74 [dąujbvbastvb, rmv`z`ld n`jdjg`lm (www.rr`n.cr )

\dhbjsh` ` pbazdhbjsh` prbp`s`<>. \dhbj b rdąujbvbastvu 9. _rdv`fj`h b struhtur` ` sdarźdlu iba`Ťjl`c n`jdjg`lsh`c `zvlmŤtdld 3. EmĔujdrbaj` rdąujbvbastvmj` stdjadra` 0. EmĔujdrbaj` stdjadra` n`jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld 4?. Crvdtsh` stdjadra` n`jdjg`lshbi zvlmŤtdvdjld


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded, `zrdabe abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` jl`cbvbe prmzmjtdg`lbe jd pfbą` prmabstdfè stuamjtèd. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv` ` dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd. Djdf`z`rd sm usp lmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèdpruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f`


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;>1

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld ar.sg.[bkmrt @afkmh, v.prma. 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ld_rèlmjd `jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm utribv`j`

4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`_+^+W+m-uąmjlm)

7?_ + 7? ^

4.7. Wurdaj`g`4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7. rdz`jd),

pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ld bj f`jm (edhs.;?%)

4.




4.4?. [maj` krbl `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd bp`sdhbfmi`ld

-


4.>. Iba`jd stua`ld7. 4.4;._rbglmjd pbstbthd `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd


;. B_@W HBFMI@LD


] bhv`ru bvbi prmaemtd stuamjt` ĉm abk`t` bsjbvjd sdzjdjld hdhb prè`lmj`t` `jnbredt`ąhu tmcjbfbi`lu ` prmtcbajb abk`vmjd zjdjld `zprmaemtd @jnbredt`hd u tribv`jshbe pbsfbvdjlu. _r` tbem, stdvfld sm jdifdsdh jd `shbr`st`vè ` prèlmjl`vè jdą`jèd hbl` ad lu krzmrmzuftdtm u pbsfbvjbl prdhs`. Bsè tmbr`lsh`c sdzjdjld, stuamjt` ĉm jd prdht`ąjè prèlmrèd `shus`t` hdhb prè`lmj`t` jdvmamjd sdzjdjld upbsfbvjbl prdhs`. Jdhbj basfuŤdj`c prmadvdjld ` bardĔmj`c vlmźk`, stuamjt ĉm abk`t` uvà u tmcjbfbi`lm hblm ebiu abpr`j`lmt` pbvmĉdjlumn`hdsjbst` tribv`jshbi fbi`st`ąhbi pbsfbvdjld.

;.;. ]vlmt` zd up`s hbfmi`ld` ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lmhblm su pbtrmkjm zdhbfmi`l

Jmed pbsmkj`c uvlmtd

;.7. @scba` uąmjld jdrdz`j` prbirdedhblèd hbfmi`lpràbjbs`

Jdhbj basfuŤdjbi hbfmi`ld, stuamjt ĉm ebĉ` upbtr`lmk`t` `jnbredg`lshu tmcjbfbi`lu zd rlmŤdvdjlm prbkfmed `z pbaruąld struhm

;.1.Bąmh`vdj` scbaùąmjld jd rdz`j`hbfmi`ld (1-4? scbaduąmjld)

Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld _rèlmjd `jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm u tribv`j`, ebĉ`<³ amn`j`rdt` ` bp`sdt` rdzf`hm `zemĔu rdzj`c ebamfd mfmhtrbj`ąhbi pbsfbvdjld

prmpbzjdt` rdzf`ą`tm pr`stupm u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed vmzdjè uz bridj`zdg`lu jdkdvjbi, shfda`Ťjbi ` a`str`kut`vjbi pbsfbvdjldtribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd



;>=

prmpbzjdt` rdzf`ą`tm tmcjbfbi`lm hba mfmhtrbj`ąhbi pfdĉdjld tm pbtrmku zd aì`tdfjè pbtp`sbe

sdebstdfjb badkrdt` tmcjbfbi`lu mfmhtrbj`ąhbi pfdĉdjld zd èpfmemjtdg`lu jd wmk strdj`gm pbauzmĉd

sdebstdfjb abj`lmt` bafuhu b pbtrmk` èpfmemjtdg`lm sustdvd zd uprdvfldjlm abhuemjtdg`lbe jd rdz`j` pbauzmĉd

bkldsj`t` pbtrmku zd uvbĔmjlm jdprmaj`c emcdj`zded rdzelmjm pbadtdhd `zemĔu pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd

bkldsj`t` sìurjbsjm dspmhtm bjf`jm tribv`jm ` mfmhtrbj`ąhbi pbsfbvdjld tm prmpbzjdt` pbtmjg`ldfjm sìurjbsjm pr`lmtjlm

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ldamtdfljb rdzrdĔmjprmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm

4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm (;c)]pbzjdvdjlm s bsjbvjè pblebvèd vmzdjè uz prmaemt tm prbvmakd hrdthm djdf`zm absdadŤjl`c prmazjdjld ` `shustdvdpbfdzj`hd

;. _bldŤjlmjlm rdzvbld tribv`jshm almfdtjbst` bkz`rbe jd rdzvbl tmcjbfbi`lm (;c) Bjf`jm ` mfmhtrbj`ąhb pbsfbvdjlm, trmjabv` rdzvbld, aì`tdfjd mhbjbe`ld

Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm sd ` kmz pbsrmaj`hd]tlmgdl `jnbredt`hm jd pbsfbvjm prbgmsm pbauzmĉd A`str`kug`lsh` sustdv ` fbi`st`hd

7. @jnbredg`lsh` sustdv` tribv`jshbi pbauzmĉd (;c) _btrmkd zd `jnbredg`lded u tribv`j`,Btbg` dutbedt`zdg`lm ` prbkfme rdzelmjm pbadtdhd, MA@, SEFE`jèdfj` zdctlmv` zd cdravmr ` sbntvmr

1. @jnbredt`zdg`ld tribv`jsh`c pbasustdvd (;c)Jdkdvjd nujhg`ld, shfda`Ťtmjlm, a`str`kug`ld, prbadld, edrhmt`ji _rèlmr` `z prdhsm

=. Wustdv` zd bjf`jm pfdĉdjld (;c)_BW sustdv`Hrma`tjm ` amk`tjm hdrt`gm, _dy_df, EbjmyKbbhmrsWìurjbsj` emcdj`ze` zd dutbr`zdg`lu trdjsdhg`ld_dyemjt Idtmwdy

>. _rdvj` dspmht` mfmhtrbj`ąhm tribv`jm (;c) Wìurjbst trdjsdhg`ld ` mfmhtrbj`ąh` pbtp`s u tribv`j`\dhbj b aì`tdfjbe pbtp`su, \dhbj b n`shdf`zdg`l` u prbemtu ibtbv`jbe

9. Dhtudfjm tmem vmzdjm uz `jnbredt`zdg`lu ` tribv`ju (;c)N`shdf`zdg`ld, Mkdy, hupbv`jd `z strdj`c zmedfld, prbkfme gdr`jm ` sf`lma`vbst` jdruąmjm rbkm

3. Qmcjbfbi`lm zd bzjdądvdjlm ` prdĉmjlm prb`zvbad u t ribv`j`(;c) Kdr gbam, [N@A, T[ hbabv`, kdzm pbadtdhd

0. Mfmhtrbj`ąhb pbsfbvdjlm u tribv`j` (;c)_baslmtj`h b ebamfèd m-pbsfbvdjldQmcjbfbi`lm ` ndzm uvbĔmjld tm prbkfmedt`hd m-pbsfbvdjld

4?.]prdvfldjlm abhuemjtdg`lbe (;c)



;>>

Aì`tdf`zdg`ld abhuemjdtd, BG[@jamhs`rdjlm, hfds`n`g`rdjlm ` pbcrdjd abhuemjdtd u aì`tdfjbe bkf`hu

44.Mfmhtrbj`ąhd hupbv`jd (;c) Hdrdhtmr`st`ąjbst` hupbv`jm putme @jtmrjmtd _rèlmr` `z prdhsm

4;.Mfmhtrbj`ąhd prbadld (;c) Hdrdhtmr`st`ąjbst` prbadlm putme @jtmrjmtd _rèlmr` `z prdhsm

47.@jtmrjmt edrhmt`ji ` bsjbvm pr`fdibakm wmk strdj`gm zd tribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm (7c)Bjf`jm jdv`hm hupdgd ` prbadvdtmfldQmcjbfbi`lm zd `zrdau wmk strdj`gd, prmajbst` ` jmabstdgÈbk`fj` urmĔdl` ` tmcjbfbi`lm jde`lmjlmjm ebk`fjè urmĔdlèd

41.Bpdsjbst` bjf`jm tribv`jm ` pbsfbvdjld (;c)Hr`vbtvbrmj` prb`zvba`, bifdsj`g`, pfdĉdjld

4=. _mrspmht`vm rdzvbld `jnbredt`hm u tribv`j` (;c)Jbvm tmcjbfbi`lm u tribv`j` (I_W, v`zudf`zdg`ld, v`rtudfjd abkrd ` sf.)

;.>. rstm `zvbĔmjldjdstdvm<



(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<



Jbs`t` jd jdstdvu k`flmźj`gu

_bcdĔdjld hbfbhv`ld `f` `zfdzdh jd p`semj` ` usemj` `sp`t ;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad

stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQWkbabvèd zd svdhu

dht`vjbst tdhb aduhupj` krbl MGQWkbabvd baibvdrdkbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)




Hbfbhv`l` 7 Wme`jdrsh` rda Abedĉm zdadĉm


;.4?. Bglmjl`vdjlm `vrlmajbvdjlm rdadstuamjdtd t`lmhbe

Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm4. _bcdĔdjlm jdstdvm (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd) Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba`t ĉm jdstdvj` prmadvdą.



;>9

jdstdvm ` jdzdvrŤjbe sp`tu

;. Hbfbhv`l` 4 ` ;_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl hbfbhv`ld. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`t` bkd hbfbhv`ld.\d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, abedĉ`c zdadĉd ` mvàmjg`lm pbcdĔdjld jdstdvm.Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<



Bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd jd `sp`tuWtuamjt` hbl` jm pbfbźm hbfbhv`lm auźj` su `zdĉ` jd p`sdj` ` usemj` a`b `sp`td. ]vlmt zd `zfdzdh jd usemj` a`b `sp`td lm pbfbźmj p`sdj` a`b`sp`td.



Jdsfbv Krbl prèlmrdhd u hjl`źj`g` Abstupjbst putme bstdf`c

ema`ld

_dj`dj, . (;???) Mfmhtrbj`ąhb tribvdjlm. \dirmk< W`jmri`ld. (3hbe u hjl`źj`g`)

3

@jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm u hdjdfèd a`str`kug`lm ‗ rmgmjz`rdj`jdstdvj` edtmr`ldf bkldvflmj jd wmk strdj`gded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

cttp<//www.vup.cr/

_rmzmjtdg`lm ` zdk`flmŤhm s prmadvdjld u tmhuĉbl jdstdvjbliba`j`.

;.4;. Abpujshd f`tmrdturd(u trmjuthu pr`ldvm`zelmjd /`f` abpujdstua`lshbidprbirded)

_mtr`g, A. (;??;) @jtmrjmt uzauź ` pbpr`lmhb. \dirmk< Wys_r`jt. (4 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _dj`dj, ŵ. (;??;) @zdzbv` mfmhtrbj`ąhbi pbsfbvdjld. \dirmk< Jdrbajm jbv`jm. (; hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _dj`dj, ŵ. (;???) @jtmrjmt ` edfb pbauzmtj`Ťtvb. \dirmk< @jnbredtbr. (7 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) _dj`dj, ŵ. (;??7) Bajbs` s hf`lmjtèd u M-pbsfbvdjlu. \dirdk< W`jmri`ld. (; hbe u hjl`źj`g`). [uź`ĉ, A. ` ar. (;??0) M-edrhmt`ji. Bs`lmh< Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt. (1 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Gbjry-Eurdy, D., ^mdnmr, ^. (;??=) Wìurj` jd @jtmrjmtu< prdht`ąj` vba`ą zd sìurdj rda jd @jtmrjmtu hba huĉm. \dirmk< E`Ť. (=

hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Eumffmr, L., Wr`ĉd, ^. (;??=) ]prdvfldjlm bajbsbe s hf`lmjtèd < prèlmjbe G[E pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm ab pbvmĉdjld

hbjhurmjtjbst`. \dirmk< Amfn`j-rdzvbl edjdimemjtd. (7 hbe u hjl`źj`g`) Gdsstmfs, E. (;??7) @jtmrjmt idfdhs`ld< rdze`Ťfldjld b @jtmrjmtu, pbsfbvdjlu ` aruŤtvu. \dirmk< Jdhfdad Lmsmjsh` ` Qurh. (4 hbe u

hjl`źj`g`) Ćdsbp`s`

d. K]I (www.kui.cr , abstupjb u hjl`źj`g` u Ťtdepdjbe ` bjf`jm `zadjlu) k. Ermźd (www.kui.cr , abstupjb u hjl`źj`g` u Ťtdepdjbe ` bjf`jm `zadjlu)

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;>3

g. @jnbQrmja - abstupjb u hjl`źj`g` u Ťtdepdjbe `zadjlu

\dhbjsh` ` pbazdhbjsh` prbp`s`<d. \dhbj b aì`tdfjbe pbtp`su (JJ 4?/?;)k. \dhbj b n`shdf`zdg`l` u prbemtu ibtbv`jbe (JJ 477/4;)

;.47. Jdą`j` prdĉmjldhvdf`tmtm hbl`bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm`zfdzj`c zjdjld,vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld

Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm vlmźkded. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsgu hbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b jdzbąjbst` jd jdstdv`. Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd jd vlmźkded, hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lm b jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu smstuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld).Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvustuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm.@jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd tm, pb pbtrmk`, zd `zelmjm `/`f` abp ujmstua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;>0

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Crvblm Kua`ĉ, prmadvdą 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) =

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldJdkdvjb pbsfbvdjlm 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 1=_+4=W

4.7. Wurdaj`g`


4.



4.




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldBpĉd ` pbsmkjd zjdjld hbld sm stlmąu jdvmamjè prmaemtbe lmsu bvfdadvdjlm tmbr`lshè ` prdht`ąjè zjdjlèd `z

pbaruąld jdkdvjbi pbsfbvdjld pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd u suvrmemjè trź`Ťjè uvlmtèd. Bsbk`t` lm jdifdsdh jd dhtudfjètrmjabvèd hbr`Ťtmjld suvrmemjm jnbredt`ąhm tmcjbfbi`lm.


Jmed.


4 ]tvra`t` utlmgdl elmrd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm pbauzmĉd. ; Djdf`z`rdt` utlmgdl ibspbadrshm struhturm, bhruźmjld tm elmrd ` `jstruemjdtd mhbjbeshm pbf`t`hm jd pbsfbvdjlm

pbsfbvj`c suklmhdtd.

7 Djdf`z`rdt` tribv`jshm pbsfbvjm prbgmsm ` sdebstdfjb vba`t` hbemrg`ldfjm ` aruim srbajm pbsfbvm ` usfuim utribv`jshè pbauzmĉèd, pbauzmĉèd arui`c almfdtjbst`, tm ustdjbvded ` `jst`tug`lded ldvjm uprdvm.1 _rmavàlmt` utlmgdl mhbjbeshbi ` `jst`tug`bjdfjbi bhruźmjld jd abjbŤmjlm pbsfbvj`c bafuhd. = _rè`lmj`t` usvblmjd struąjd zjdjld u ujdprmĔmjlu jdkdvj`c ` prbadlj`c prbgmsd u pbsfbvdjlu ibspbadrsh`c

suklmhdtd, tm ujdprmĔmjlu hbeuj`hdg`lm sv`c trź`Ťj`c sua`bj`hd.


Bąmhulm sm ad ĉm stuamjt, jdhbj pbfbźmjbi `sp`td `z hbfmi`ld Jdkdvjb pbsfbvdjlm ebĉ`< ◂ Wuprbtstdv`t` tmemfljm ąèkmj`hm strdtmŤhbi ` bpmrdt`vjbi pbsfbvdjld jdkdvm. ◂ _bstdv`t` tmemfljm g`flmvm nujhg`lm jdkdvm. ◂ ]tvra`t` zjdądl prèlmjm damhvdtjm strdtmi`lm jdkdvm.



;9?

◂ Bkrdzfbź`t` vdźjbst strdtmi`lshbi uprdvfldjld jdkdvbe. ◂ @jtmrprmt`rdt` se`sdb prèlmjm rdzf`ą`t`c hbek`jdg`ld pbf`t`hd jdkdvm.◂ @zdkrdt` bptèdfju bridj`zdg`lshu struhturu jdkdvm. ◂ ]tvra`t` damhvdtdj pfdj jdkdvm. ◂ Badkrdt` bptèdfjb bpmrdt`vjb pbsfbvdjlm jdkdvm. ◂ Driuemjt`rdt` vdźjbst prèlmjm jnbredg`lshb hbeuj`hdg`lshm tmcjbfbi`lm u jdkdvjbe pbsfbvdjlu.


4. ]vba u hbfmi`l ` amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj jdstdvm ‗ pblde,g`flmv`,zjdąmjlm,svrcd ` pbfbźdl jdkdvm (7 sdtd) ;. Bridj`zdg`ld jdkdvm (7 sdtd)7. Wtrdtmi`lsh` edjdimemjt jdkdvm (7 sdtd)1. _bf`t`hd ` strdtmi`ld jdkdvm (> sdt`)=.Bpmrdt`vjb pfdj`rdjlm jdkdvm (1 sdtd)

>. Bpmrdt`vjb pbsfbvdjlm jdkdvm (7 sdtd)9. Ldvjd jdkdvd (7 sdtd)3. Wpmg`ldf`z`rdjd trź`Ťtd ` pbsmkj` bkf`g` pbsfbvdjld (7 sdtd) 0. [dzelmjsh` bajbs` jd mfmhtrbj`ąhbe trź`Ťtu (1 sdtd)4?. @jtmrjmt hdb hdjdf a`str`kug`lm (7 sdtd)44. Mfmhtrbj`ąh` edrhmt`ji (7 sdtd) 4;. _bsfbvj` ebamf` m ‗ hdjdfd (7 sdtd)47. ]sfuim u prbgmsèd jdkdvm ` prbadlm (1 sdtd)




(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9.Hbemjtdr`<

;.3.Bkvmzm stuamjdtd4. Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv`;. @zvbĔmjlm sme`jdrd 7. Dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv`

;.0._rdĉmjlm rdad stuamjdtd (up`sdtùa`b u MGQW kbabvèd zd svdhudht`vjbst tdhb ad uhupj` krbl MGQWkbabvd baibvdrd kbabvjbl vr`lmajbst`hbfmi`ld)




Hbfbhv`l` ;,9= Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,;= (bstdfb up`sdt`)



4. Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wualmfbvdjlm jd jdstdv` abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz dht`vjm abfdshm jd jdstdvu ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4=kbabvd. Mvàmjg`lu pr`sutj`c stuamjdtd jd jdstdv` vba` jdstdvj` prmadvdą.



;94

7. Hbfbhv`l 4. ;. (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)_bfbźmj` hbfbhv`l` abjbsm barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz hbfbhv`lm ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 9? kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pbfbź`tàvd hbfbhv`ld. \d prbfdz jd hbfbhv`lu pbtrmkjb lm jd svdhbe hbfbhv`lu bstvdr`t` e`jèdfjb µ prmav`Ĕmj`c kbabvd. 1. Wme`jdrsh` rda (sdstdvj` a`b uhupjm bglmjm prmaemtd)Wme`jdrsh` rda abjbs` barmĔmj` krbl kbabvd. Wtuamjt hrbz sme`jdr ebźm bstvdr`t` ab 4= kbabvd. ] hbjdąju bglmju ufdzm rmzuftdt` hbfbhv`ld, sme`jdrshbi rdad ` sualmfbvdj lm jd jdstdv`.Mfmemjt` bglmjl`vdjld<

Wualmfbvdjlm u jdstdv` 4= kbabvd

Wme`jdrsh` rda 4= kbabvd



JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld

Nmr`Ťdh, ^.< Jdkdvd< pbf`t`hd-strdtmi`ld-bridj`zdg`ld-edjdimemjt, ;.

dhtudf`z`rdjb abpujlmjb zadjlm, vfdst`td jdhfdad, \dirmk, ;??>. >

[uź`ĉ, A.< M-edrhmt`ji, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd, Mhbjbesh`ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, Bs`lmh, ;??0.

1


ŵ`krmt, K.< WtrdtmŤhd jdkdvd, Edtm, \dirmk, ;??9. ‗ 1 hjlìm

\dhbj b ldvjbl jdkdv` JJ (0?/44). ‗ dźur`rdjb jd www.zdhbj.cr


Wtuamjt` sualmfulu dht`vjb u jdstdv`, pbsmk`gm `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd ` jl`cbvè `zfdidjlme. ] mvàmjg`lshbe bkrdsguhbfmi`ld vba` sm mvàmjg`ld b sualmfbvdjlu jd jdstdv`..

Djdf`z`rd sm usplmŤjbst stuamjdtd u svmz` sd `zrdabe sme`jdrsh`c rdabvd, usplmŤjbst jd hbfbhv`lèd ` `sp`tèd. @jnbredg`lmb jdprmthu ` mvmjtudfjè prbkfmeèd pruźdlu sm stuamjtèd t`lmhbe jdstdvm (prèlmr`gm jdhbj hbfbhv`ld) ` jdhbjzuftdg`lded.Hrdlme smemstrd prbvba` sm mvdfudg`ld jdstdvj`hd ` hbfmi`ld ba strdjm stuamjdtd (stuamjtshm djhmtm). @jnbredg`lm bzdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd hbr`stm sm zd ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtm `zvmakm jdstdvm. @jnbredg`lm b pbstìjutè `scbaèd uąmjld hbr`stm sm zd `zrdau sdebmvdfudg`lm jdstdvj`hd, tm pb pbtrmk` zd `zelmjm `/`fàbpujm stua`lshbi prbirded hbfmi`ld, emtbad rdad ` bglmjl`vdjld stuamjdtd.



;9;

4. B_ M @JNB[EDG@LM

4.4. Jbs`tmfl hbfmi`ld er.sg. Crvblm Kua`ĉ, prmadvdą 4.9. Kbabvjd vr`lmajbst (MGQW) >

4.;. Jdz`v hbfmi`ldWtruąjd prdhsd 7 4.3.Jdą`j `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm (krbl sdt`

_+^+W+m-uąmjlm) 4;?^+;3W+4;QJ+;?W\

4.7. Wurdaj`g`

Ar.sg. Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ Ar.sg. Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ

4.0. [dzjd prèlmjm m-uąmjld (4., ;., 7.rdz`jd), pbstbtdh zvbĔmjld hbfmi`ldbj f`jm (edhs. ;?%)

4



bp`sd hbfmi`ld




;. B_@W HBFMI@LD

;.4. G`flmv` hbfmi`ldBsjbvj` g`flmv` hbfmi`ld «Wtruąjd prdhsd @@@¸ su usvdldjlm prdht`ąj`c ue`lmĉd, hbepmtmjg`ld ` vlmŤt`jd `z pbaruąld tribv`jshbipbsfbvdjld, rdzv`ldjlm bslmĉdld baibvbrjbst` ` tèshbi rdad ujutdr rdajbi bhruźmjld tm bspbsbkfldvdjlm zd almfbtvbrjb`jtmir`rdjlm tmbr`lm ` prdhsm.



hbfmi`l

@zvrŤmjd struąjd prdhsd @ ` @@.


[dzv`ldjlm prbnms`bjdfjbi àmjt`tmtd hba stuamjdtd._rèlmjl`vdjlm `jtmra`sg`pf`jdrjbi pr`stupd pr` abjbŤmjlu bafuhd.


_rèlmjl`vdt` strdtmi`lm ` tmcj`hm u rlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed u hbjhrmtjè pbsfbvjè s`tudg`lded `z pbaruąld tribv`jm. Glmfbv`tb sdifmadt` prbgms rdad u hbjhrmtjbe pbauzmĉu @jtmir`rdt` stmąmjd tmbr`lshd ` prdht`ąjd zjdjld Bkdvfldt` pbsfbvm tribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld ` bstdfm srbajm pbsfbvm.

;.=.Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmj Wdarźdl hbfmi`ld jm ebźm sm lmajbzjdąjb barma`t` lmr bv`s` b spmg`n`ąjbstèd pbsfbvdjld svdhbi pblma`jdąjbi tribv`jshbi



;97

prmed sdtj`g` jdstdvm pbauzmĉd u hblme stuamjt bkdvfld struąju prdhsu, d jdvba` sm u pfdju ` prbirdeu `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm hblm pfdj`rdlu ``zrdĔulu emjtbr ` stuamjt hrbz zdlmaj`ąhu surdajlu.


prmadvdjldsme`jdr` rda`bj`gmvlmźkmbkrdzbvdjlm jd adfl`juelmŤbv`tb m-uąmj lmtmrmjshd jdstdvd


(bstdfb up`sdt`)

;.9. Hbemjtdr`<


Wtuamjt` su bkvmzj` pbcdĔdt` struąju prdhsu @@@ u tribv`jshbe pbauzmĉu u trdldjlu 4= adjd (3 sdt` ajmvjb) 54;? sdt`struąjm prdhsm, tm dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u prbgmsu rdad, u stvdrjbe, pbsfbvjbe bhruźmjlu `zvrŤdvdluĉ` dht`vjbst` ` zdadthmhbl` su jdvmamj` u pfdju struąjm prdhsm sdstdvflmjbe ba strdjm emjtbrd. QdhbĔmr stuamjt lm bkvmzdj pr`sustvbvdt` jd 9rda`bj`gd struąjm prdhsm S 1 sdtd 5;3 sdt` struąjm prdhsm. Jdhbj zdvrŤmthd struąj`c rda`bj`gd stuamjt lm bkvmzdj `zrda`t`

sdebstdfj` zdadtdh ‗ sme`jdrsh` rda hbl` `zjbs` ;? sdt` struąjm prdhsm.Q mrmjshd jdstdvd `zjbs` 4; sdt` struąjm prdhsm(pbslmt pbauzmĉu `z pbaruąld struhm). ]hupdj krbl sdt` struąjm prdhsm @@@ `zjbs` 43? sdt`. QdhbĔmr, bkvmzd lm stuamjtdt`lmhbe trdldjld struąjm prdhsm pfdj`rdjlm, pr`prmedjlm ` `zrdad ajmvj`hd rdad struąjm prdhsm hbl` pb zdvrŤmthu abjbsm jduvà emjtbru.



Mhspmrèmjtdfj` rda @strdź`vdjlm _rdht`ąj` rda 1


Hbfbhv`l` Wme`jdrsh` rda ?,> Wtruąjm rda`bj`gm(bstdfb

up`sdt`) 4

Dht`vjbst u jdstdv` ]semj` `sp`t Qmrmjshd jdstdvd(bstdfb

up`sdt`) ?,1


@zvbĔmjlm struąjm prdhsm hrmĉm s pbstupjè uvbĔmjlme stuamjdtd u pbsfbvm tribv`jshbi pbsfbvdjld u hbjhrmtjbepbsfbvjbe suklmhtu. Wtuamjtm t`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm prdt` emjtbr. _rv` zdadtdh emjtbrd lm uput`t` stuamjtd upbauzmĉm ialm ĉm bkdvfldt` prdht`ąju jdstdvu. Abhuemjt hbl` prdt` jdvmamju dht`vjbst lm ]putj`gd jd hblbl sm jdvbam èm `prmzèm stuamjtd ` pbauzmĉm u hblme ĉm bkdvfldt` struąju prdhsu, d pbtp`sulm lu prbamhdj zd jdstdvu. _r`lm upuĉ`vdjldstuamjtd jd `zvbĔmjlm struąjm prdhsm emjtbr ` stuamjt zdlmajb `zrdĔulu pfdj struąjm prdhsm u hblme sm amtdfljb jdvbam sv`pbsfbv` ` dht`vjbst` u hblèd k` stuamjt trmkdb sualmfbvdt` t`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm ` tb jd ajmvjbl kdz`. Wtuamjt

t`lmhbe `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm vba` Ajmvj`h struąjm prdhsm u hbl` up`sulm svm pbsfbvm ` zdadthm u hblèd lm sualmfbvdb,hbjhrmtjd prdht`ąjd zjdjld hbld lm stmhdb tm vfdst`td zdpdźdjld. Emjtbr t`lmhbe trdldjld `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsmhbjt`ju`rdjb prdt` dht`vjbst` stuamjtd tm hbjtdht`rd pbsfbadvgd emjtbrd `z pbauzmĉd u hblme stuamjt bkdvfld struąju prdhsuhdhb k` sm `jnbre`rdb b ebt vdg`l` ` hvdf`tmt` sualmfbvdjld stuamjtd u pbsfbvjbe prbgmsu pbauzmĉd. _b zdvrŤmthuprmav`Ĕmjbi trdldjld struąjm prdhsm stuamjt emjtbru abstdvfld Ajmvj`h struąjm prdhsm ` pbtvrau b `zvrŤmjbl struąjbl prdhs`jd tmemflu hblmi emjtbr abjbs` bafuhu b pbfdidjlu `sp`td `z jdvmamjbi hbfmi`ld. _r` up`s`vdjlu bkvmzjm prdhsm u `jamhsstuamjt lm auźdj svbe vba`tmflu prdhsm prmadt` "_btvraj`gu b bkdvflmjbl prdhs`", "Ajmvj`h prdhsm" (jd uvà), `spujlmju"_r`ldvj`gu - _btvraj`gu zd prdhsu" ` `jamhs.



;91


JdsfbvKrbl



ema`ld





] g`flu pba`zdjld hvdf`tmtm prmadvdjld, bridj`zdg`lm jdstdvm ` jdą`jd rdad sd stuamjtèd prbvba` sm hbjt`ju`rdjd stuamjtshd

mvdfudg`ld u bkf`hu hbjzuftdg`ld ` djhmtd b hvdf`tmt` `zvbĔmjld struąjm prdhsm u hblèd stuamjt` bglmjlulu hvdf`tmtu ` vdźjbst`zvmakm hbfmi`ld. ]splmŤjbst `zvmakm prbirded struąjm prdhsm bglmjlulm sm hrbz djdf`zu pbcdĔdjld struąjm prdhsm,

dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd u pbsfbvjè dht`vjbstèd pbauzmĉd (pbvrmemjd prbvlmrd ba strdjm vba`tmfld stua`ld), dht`vjbstèd jd

rda`bj`gded, `zrdabe sme`jdrd, sualmfbvdjld u tmrmjshbl jdstdv`, tm `zrdĔmjbe ajmvj`hu rdad struąjm prdhsm hbl` sustuamjt` auźj` abstdv`t` pb zdvrŤmthu hbfmi`ld.



;9=

k) Wtruhturd stua`ld, r`tde stua`rdjld, uvlmt` zd up`s u sflmamĉ` smemstdr

uvlmt` zd up`s pblma`jbi hbfmi`ld

Wtua`l sm sdstbl` ba > smemstrd. ]vlmt` up`sd u sflmamĉ` smemstdr ` stua`lshu iba`ju suhfdadj lm

ąfdjhu ;1. _rdv`fj`hd b prdvèd stua`rdjld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`. ] `stbe lm jdvmamjb ad stuamjt

jd pbąmthu iba`jm up`sulm zèsh` ` flmtj` smemstdr. Wtuamjt hbl` up`sulm stua`lshu iba`ju,

up`sulm u tbl iba`j` hbfmi`lm ą`l` zkrbl `zjbs` >? MGQW kbabvd. Wtuamjt trmkd pr`hup`t` pbtp`sm `zsv`c basfuŤdj`c hbfmi`ld, tmst`rdt` bkd smemstrd ` bstvdr`t` uvlmt hdhb k` èdb prdvb up`sd usf`lmamĉu iba`ju stua`ld. Wvdh` hbfmi`l/prmaemt stuamjt ebźm up`sdt` edhsèdfjb avd putd._bjbvjè up`sbe hbfmi`ld/prmaemtd stuamjt lm auźdj pbjbvjb basfuŤdt` tdl hbfmi`l ` `spuj`t` àruim prbp`sdjm bkvmzm u bhv`ru prbp`sdjbi jdstdvjbi bptmrmĉmjld stuamjtd u bhv`ru `stbidhbfmi`ld.

_blma`j` hbfmi`l` èdlu uvlmt zd `zfdzdh jd `sp`t.

Qdkf`gd =. _rmauvlmt` zd pbfdidjlm `sp`td pblma`j`c hbfmi`ld

Hbfmi`l hbl` su prmauvlmt zd pbfdidjlm

`sp`td

Hbfmi`l hbl` èdlu prmauvlmt hbfmi`l `z prmtcbajbi

smemstrd

]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @ ]vba u ibspbadrshu stdt`st`hu @@

Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @ Mhbjbe`hd pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @@

N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @ N`jdjg`lm zd pbauzmtj`hm @@

Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @ Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @@

[dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @ [dąujbvbastvb zd pbauzmtj`hm @@

g) _bp`s hbfmi`ld hblm stuamjt ebźm `zdkrdt` s arui`c stua`lsh`c prbirded

Jdstdvjè prbirdebe struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd prmav`Ĕmjd lm u =. smemstru ebiuĉjbstbadk`rd `zkbrj`c hbfmi`ld hbl` sm `zvbam ` jd struąjè stua`lèd [dąujbvbastvb ` ]prdvjb prdvb.

Hbfmi`l` hbl` sm ebiu k`rdt` sd arui`c stua`lsh`c prbirded su<

- Murbpshm jtmirdg`lm

- Bpbrmz`vdjlm pbauzmĉd

- \mefl`Ťjb hjl`źjb uprdvjb prdvb

- ]rmashb pbsfbvdjlm.

a) _bp`s hbfmi`ld hbl` sm ebiu `zvba`t` jd strdjbe lmz`hu

Qdkf`gd >. _bp`s hbfmi`ld hbl` sm ebiu `zvba`t` jd strdjbe lmz`hu

]H]_JB WDQ@ MGQW



;9>

Mjifmsh` lmz`h 4 4= _+4= ^ 7

Jlmedąh` lmz`h 4 4= _+4= ^ 7

Mjifmsh` lmz`h ; 4= _+4= ^ 7

Jlmedąh` lmz`h ; 4= _+4= ^ 7

@jnbredt`hd Wdtj`gd ĉm k`t` barmĔmjdBafuhbe Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd

=

Murbpshm `jtmirdg`lm Wdtj`gd ĉm k`t` barmĔmjdBafuhbe Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd

1

Wbg`bfbi`ld Wdtj`gd ĉm k`t` barmĔmjdBafuhbe Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd

7

[dąujbvbastvb zdpbauzmtj`hm 4

Wdtj`gd ĉm k`t` barmĔmjdBafuhbe Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd

>

m) Jdą`j zdvrŤmthd stua`ld

Jdhbj Ťtb pbfbź` `sp`tm ` `spuj` jdstdvjm bkvmzm utvrĔmjm stua`lshè prbirdebe struąjbistua`ld Qribv`jd, stuamjt u abibvbru s emjtbrbe pr`ldvflulm tmeu a`pfbeshbi rdad hbl` krdj`

prma _bvlmrmjstvbe zd bkrdju a`pfbeshbi rdad. Jdhbj Ťtb usplmŤjb `zrda` ` bkrdj` a`pfbesh`rda stuamjt stlmąm jdz`v struąj` prvbstupj`h mhbjbe`lm. Wtuamjt abhdzulm svbl struąj` jdz`v

a`pfbebe. Wtuamjtu sm uruąulm ` Abpujshd `sprdvd b stua`lu u hblbl su bp`sdjd stmąmjd zjdjld `vlmŤt`jm.

Wtua`l sm ebźm zdvrŤ`t` u rmabvjbe ` `zvdjrmajbe stdtusu, u rbhu amn`j`rdjbe _rdv`fj`h be b

prdv`fèd stua`rdjld.

n) ]vlmt` pb hblèd stuamjt` hbl` su prmh`juf` stua`l `f` su `ziuk`f` prdvb

stua`rdjld jd lmajbe stua`lshbe prbirdeu ebiu jdstdv`t` stua`l.

] jdvmamjbe sfuądlu prèlmjlulu sm barmakm _rdv`fj`hd b prdvèd stua`rdjlu, ` tb ąfdjhd ;;.-;=. ` ąfdjdh 7;.

Ćfdjdh ;;. (4) _r`lmfdz` stuamjdtd s arui`c stua`lsh`c prbirded ujutdr ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd `f` arui`c srbaj`c `f``stbvrsj`c stua`lsh`c prbirded `zvdj ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd (`z zmeflm `f` `jbzmestvd), jd źmflmj` stua`lsh`prbirde ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd ebiu sm bstvdr`t` pbajbŤmjlme zdebfkm zd pr`lmfdz ab 4=. ruljd zdrmabv`tm bajbsjb ab 7?. ruljd zd `zvdjrmajm stuamjtm. _r`lmfdz jd rmabv`t` stua`l ebiuĉ lm abpbpujlmjd up`sj`c hvbtd zd pblma`j` stua`l.

Ćfdjdh ;7. (4) B pr`lmfdzèd stuamjdtd bafuąulm amhdj ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, d jd tmemflu prmtcbajbi sdstdvflmjbizdp`sj`hd pbvlmrmjstvd zd pr`zjdvdjlm `sp`td jd pblma`jbe struąjbe `f` spmg`ldf`st`ąhbea`pfbeshbe struąjbe stua`lu.

Bstdfb pbifmadt` u _rdv`fj`hu b prdv`fèd stua`rdjld.Ćfdjdh 7;. (4) Bsbkd iuk` stdtus stuamjtd<



;99

4. zdvrŤmthbe stua`ld,

;. `sp`s`vdjlme s ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, bajbsjb sd stua`ld hbl` lm up`sdfd,

7. dhb jm zdvrŤ` stua`l u rbhbvèd `z ąf.4>.,

1. prdvbebĉjè `shfluąmjlme sd stua`ld pb pbstuphu ` uz uvlmtm prbp`sdjm _rdv`fj`hbe b

stmibvjbl baibvbrjbst` stuamjtd,

=. u aruiè sfuądlmvèd bzjdąmjè Wtdtutbe tm aruiè bpĉè dhtèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

(;) Bsbkd hbld `ziuk` stdtus stuamjtd jm ebźm sm up`sdt` jd `st` stua`lsh` prbirde j`t` jdstdv`t`stua`l jd `stbe stua`lshbe prbirdeu. Wtruąjb v`lmĉm bafuąulm b ebiuĉjbst` jdstdvhd stua`ld jdsvdhbe aruibe stua`lshbe prbirdeu.

(7) @zjèjb, bsbk` hbld pb stdvhu 4. tbąhd ;. bvbi ąfdjhd `ziuk` stdtus stuamjtd ebźm smabpust`t` up`s u dhdameshu iba`ju pb vdźmĉme jdstdvjbe pfdju ` prbirdeu. Dhb sm zd vr`lmemprmhàd stua ld `ze`lmj`b jdstdvj` prbirde, stuamjt ebrd basfuŤdt` ` pbfdidt` u emĔuvrmemjujdstdfm rdzf`hm u jdstdvjbe prbirdeu. Qdhdv stuamjt jdstdvfld stua`l uz pfdĉdjld edhsèdfjbi

ualmfd trbŤhbvd stua`ld.



;93

=) ]^LMQ@ @\^BğMJLD WQ]A@LD

d) elmstb `zvbĔmjld stua`lshbi prbirded

Wvm jdstdvjm almfdtjbst` stua`lshbi prbirded Wtruąjbi uprdvjbi stua`ld bav`ldlu sm u prbstbruzirdam ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, ûhbvdrshd uf`gd kr. 49, _bźmid, prbstbr`lded Wtuamjtshbipbauzmtj`ąhbi `jhukdtbrd, ûhbvdrshd 49 ` u bklmhtu Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm v`jd u smfu _baibrlm.

Jdvmamj` prbstbr` sdarźm prbstbrjm hdpdg`tmtm hbl`, prdtmĉ` suvrmemjm stdjadram `zvbĔmjldv`sbhbŤhbfshm jdstdvm, bebiuĉulu stuamjtèd hvdf`tmtjb prdĉmjlm ` sualmfbvdjlm u jdstdvjèdht`vjbstèd. @stb tdhb, prmaemtj` prbstbr sdarź` ` prbstbr`lm zd jdstdvj` hdadr ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd tl.suvrmemjb bprmeflmjm hdk`jmtm, hjl`źj`gu, prbstbr zd rda struąj`c sfuźk` ` aruim prbstbrm hbl`ĉm k`t` bp`sdj` ` jdvmamj` adflm u bvbe abhuemjtu.

Qdkf`gd 9. _badg` b elmstu `zvbĔmjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd

@amjt`n`hdg`ld zirdam Fbhdg`ld zirdamIba`jd

`zirdajlm

Iba`jd abirdajlm f`

rmhbjstruhg`lm

]hupjd pbvrŤ`jd prbstbrd zdbkdvfldjlm almfdtjbst` v`sbhbi

bkrdzbvdjld u e;

\irdad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

ûhbvdrshd 49,

_bźmid 40==.

;??>.

;??3.

;?4?.

403>

_bauzmtj`ąh``jhukdtbr

ûhbvdrshd49/4,

_bźmid

;?44. =1

Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm v`jd _baibrlm,

^mtbvb;??>. ;?4?.-;?44. =4=

Wpbrtsh` tmrmj`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

ûhbvdrshd 49,

_bźmid 40==. ;??0. 417?

k) ^ lmrbabstbljm `sprdvm b vfdsj`Ťtvu, prdvu hbr`Ťtmjld `f` aruibl vdfldjbl

prdvjbl bsjbv` jd tmemflu hblm ĉm sm hbr`st`t` baibvdrdluĉ` prbstbr zd

bkdvfldjlm almfdtjbst` v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld u rdzabkflu ba jdledjlm =

iba`jd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` lm adjd 9. vmfldąm ;??>. iba`jm zdhfluą`fb Wpbrdzue b hbr`Ťtmjlujmhrmtj`jm u ûhbvdrshbl uf`g` kr. 49. u _bźmi` s Irdabe _bźmibe. Qmemflme jdvmamjbi

Wpbrdzued ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm lm prè`fb jd hbr`Ťtmjlm ` uprdvfldjlm jmhrmtj`ju u vfdsj`Ťtvu Irdad_bźmim uhupjm pbvrŤ`jm ba 9>=3 e;, h.b. _bźmid, z.h.uf.kr. 9?=>, hą.kr. 4=43/4 u hblbl bkdvfldifdvj`ju svblm jdstdvjm almfdtjbst` jd svè struąjè stua`lèd.



;90

_rmaemtj` spbrdzue tmemfl` sm jd barmak` ąfdjhd 4. ]ibvbrd b adrbvdjlu jmhrmtj`jmzdhfluąmjbi adjd ;3. vmfldąm ;??=. iba`jm `zemĔu E`j`stdrstvd bkrdjm [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm, hdb

adrbvdtmfld tm Irdad _bźmim, hdb adrbprèdtmfld. Wpbemjutè ]ibvbrbe E`j`stdrstvb bkrdjmprmj`lmfb lm bzjdąmju jmhrmtj`ju u vfdsj`Ťtvb Irdad _bźmim, zd pbtrmkm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` jdtrdljb hbr`Ťtmjlm. _rmuzèdjlme jd hbr`Ťtmjlm ` uprdvfldjlm prmaemtjm zirdam (` pr`pdadluĉ`c

bklmhdtd) stvbr`f` su sm uvlmt` zd prmsmflmjlm amhdjdtd ` tdlj`Ťtvd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd `z zirdam Ièjdz`lm,hdb ` sfuźkm rdąujbvbastvd, hjl`źj`gm, `jnbredt`ąhbi hdk`jmtd, av`lu uą`bj`gd `z zirdam ‖Wbhbfd―,d Ťtb lm ` uą`jlmjb u f`stbpdau ;??3.iba.

^`jsh` fdkbrdtbr`l ` v`jsh` pbarue ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, hdb ` pbstrblmjlm zde`j`v`j`n`hdg`lu jdfdz`f` su sm u prbstbru _bflbpr`vrmajm Ťhbfm u _bźmi`, d `st` su t`lmhbe ;??0.iba`jm prmsmflmj` u jdstdvju kdzu ‖Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm v`jd―, ^mtbvb ` zirdau ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`.



;3?

Wf`hd 4. Wpbrdzue b hbr`Ťtmjlu jmhrmtj`jm u ^uhbvdrshbl uf`g` u _bźmi`



;34



;3;

Wf`hd ;. Abhuemjt b vfdsj`Ťtvu jdstdvjm kdzm ‖Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm v`jd―



;37



;31

g) Abhdz` b bsìurdjbe prbstbru (pbadg` b prmadvdbj`gded, hdk`jmtèd jdstdvj`hd, hjl`źj`g`, prbstbru zd zvbĔmjlm

prdht`ąjm jdstdvm, prbstbru jde`lmjlmjbe zd rda struąj`c sfuźk` ` sf.)

_badg` b prbadvdbj`gded, hdk`jmtèd jdstdvj`hd, hjl`źj`g`, prbstbru zd zvbĔmjlm prdht`ąjm jdstdvm arui` prbstbr` jdvmamj` su u tdkf`g` 3.

Qdkf`gd 3. _badg` b jdstdvjè ` aruiè prbstbrèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` (tdkf`gd TW;-[M^-Q=)

=.4. \irdam (jdvmst` pbstblmĉm zirdam, zirdam u zirdajl` pfdj`rdju zirdajlu)

@amjt`n`hdg`ld zirdam Fbhdg`ld zirdam Iba`jd `zirdajlm Iba`jd abirdajlm `f` rmhbjstruhg`lm ]hupjd pbvrŤ`jd u e;

\irdad mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

ûhbvdrshd 49, _bźmid 40==. ;??>.

;??3.

;?4?. 403>

_bauzmtj`ąh``jhukdtbr

ûhbvdrshd 49/4, _bźmid ;?44. =1

Hf`lmt sprme`Ťtm v`jd _baibrlm, mtbvb ;??>. ;?4?.-;?44. =4=

Wpbrtsh` tmrmj`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` ûhbvdrshd 49, _bźmid 40==. ;??0. 417?

=.;. _rmadvdbj`gm

@amjt`n`hdg`ldzirdam

[maj` krbl `f` bzjdhdprmadvdbj`gm _bvrŤ`jd u e; Krbl slmamĉ`c elmstd zd stuamjtm Krbl sdt` hbr`Ťtmjld u tlmaju

Bglmjdbprmeflmjbst`*

(ba 4ab =)

\irdad mfmuą`f`Ťtdu _bźmi`

Abkr`Ťd Gmsdr`ĉ (Avbrdjd4)

40; 443 =7 1


Edthb _m`ĉ (Avbrdjd ;) ;9; 4=; =0,= 1


^lmhbsfdv Kdkuh`ĉ(Avbrdjd 7)

=1 == 73 1


Ardiut`j Fmredj

(Avbrdjd 1) =1 => =?,= 1


E`rbsfdv Hrdflmv`ĉ(Avbrdjd =)

=; 13 1> 1



;3=

\irdad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtdu _bźmi`

Jdpbfmbj ůpuj Wtr`ź`ĉ(Avbrdjd >)

73 7; 79 1


Irmtd Qurhbv`ĉ (Avbrdjd9)

1; ;1 77 1


\amjhb Qurhbv`ĉ(Fdkbrdtbr`l 4)

1> 4> 0,= 1


Fdkbrdtbr`l ; =? 4> 47 1


_bauzmtj`ąh` jhukdtbr ;> 4; 1

Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtmv`jd

]ą`bj`gd 4 73 ;1 1


HuŤdbj`gd ;1 4? 1


^`jsh` pbarue prmrdad

irbźĔd ;4? 7? =

Wpbrtsh` tmrmj`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u

_bźmi` Qmj`s =33,3? ;1 47 =

Wpbrtsh` tmrmj`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

Bakblhd f ruhbemt =33,3? ;1 =

Wpbrtsh` tmrmj`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

HbŤdrhd ;=7,?? 4? =

*pba bprmeflmjbŤĉu prmadvdbj`gm pbardzue`lmvd sm hvdf`tmtd jdelmŤtdld, tmcj`ąhm ` aruim bprmem

=.7. Fdkbrdtbr`l`/prdht`hue` hbl` sm hbr`stm u jdstdv`

@amjt`n`hdg`ldzirdam

@jtmrjd bzjdhdprbstbr`lm

fdkbrdtbr`ld/prdht`hued

_bvrŤ`jd u e; Krbl rdaj`c elmstd zd stuamjtm Krbl sdt` hbr`Ťtmjld u tlmaju Bglmjdbprmeflmjbst`

Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm

v`jd

^`jsh` pbarue prmrdad

irbźĔd

;4? 7? ;1 1

Fdkbrdtbr`l (pr`ąuvj`) 4; 4? ;1 7

HuŤdbj`gd ;1 4? ;1 1


Fdkbrdtbr`l 9? 4> ;1 1



;3>

=.1. Jdstdvjm kdzm (rda`f`Ťtd) zd prdht`ąju jdstdvu

@amjt`n`hdg`ld zirdam Jdz`v jdstdvjm kdzm

Krbl stuamjdtd hbl`pbcdĔd pblma`jujdstdvju kdzu Qlmaj` krbl sdt` jdstdvm hbld sm barźdvd u pblma`jbl jdstdvjbl kdz`

Jdstdvj` bklmht ‚Hf`lmt sprme`Ťtm v`jd‖

Bklmht ‚Hf`lmt `sprme`Ťtm v`jd‖

- -

^`jbirda k`lmf`c sbrdtd

‚^[DŵLDH‖

- -

^`jbirda grvmj`c

sbrdtd ‚I[DA@JD‖

- -

=.=. Bprmed rdąujdfj`c uą`bj`gd (jdvmst` pbadthm b rdąujdfèd u rdąujdfjè fdkbrdtbr`lèd/prdht`hueèd hbl` sm hbr`stm u jdstdv`)

Krbl jbv`l`crdąujdfd Krbl rdąujdfd stdr`l`c ba 7

iba`jm

Bglmjd nujhg`bjdfjbst` Bglmjd barźdvdjld Bglmjd ebiuĉjbst` hbr`Ťtmjld `zvdjjdstdvm(stdr`c ab 7 iba`jm) (ba 4 ab =) (ba 4 ab =)

? 77 = = 7

=.>. Jdstdvj`ąh` hdk`jmt`

@amjt`n`hdg`ld zirdam Krbl jdstdvj`ąh`c hdk`jmtd _rbslmąjd pbvrŤ`jd u

e;

Bglmjd bprmeflmjbst`

_rbslmąjd pbvrŤ`jd u e; pb stdfjbzdpbsfmjbe jdstdvj`hu/surdaj`hu*

(ba 4 ab =)

\irdad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtdu _bźmi` 4= 4;,0 = >,04

*`f` krbl jdstdvj`hd/surdaj`hd hbl` a`lmfm jdstdvj`ąh` hdk`jmt =.9. _rbstbr hbl` sm hbr`st` sdeb zd zjdjstvmjb-`strdź`vdąh` struąj` rda

@amjt`n`hdg`ld zirdam@jtmrjd bzjdhd prbstbr`lm `f`

bzjdhd fdkbrdtbr`ld

_bvrŤ`jd

Krbl sdt` hbr`Ťtmjld tlmajb

Bglmjd bprmeflmjbst`

u e; (ba 4 ab =)



;39

=.3. Hjl`źj`ąj` prbstbr bprmeflmjbst

d) pbadtg` b hjl`źj`ąjbe prbstbru

]hupjd pbvrŤ`jd

Krbl zdpbsfmj`c Krbl slmamĉ`c elmstd Krbl stuamjdtd hbr`sj`hd hjl`źj`gm

_bstbl` f` rdąujdfjdkdzd pbadtdhd vdŤ`c

hjlìd ` ądsbp`sd u e;

>9 e; 4 47 0>= AD

k) pbadtg` b bprmeflmjbst` hjl`źj`gm

Krbljdsfbvdhjlìd

Krbl jdsfbvduaźkmj`hd

Bglmjdsuvrmemjbst`

hjlìd ùaźkmj`hd (ba

4 ab =)

Krbl jdsfbvd`jbzmej`cądsbp`sd

Krbljdsfbvdabedĉ`cądsbp`sd

Bglmjdnujhg`bjdfjbst`hdtdfbid hjlìd` ądsbp`sd (ba 4

ab =)

Bglmjd abstupjbst` rdajbid edtmr`ldfd(ba 4 ab =)**

Bglmjd hvdf`tmtm ` abstupjbst` mfmhtrbj`ąh`csdarźdld***

4=>? 41;9 1 ; 4= = 7 1

** Ebiuĉjbst` uejbźdvdjld zd jdstdvj`hm stuamjtm, jdkdvd hbp`ld z arui`c hjl`źj`gd, hdtdfbz` rdabvd jdstdvj`hd… *** _ba mfmhtrbj`ąhè sdarźdlèd pbardzue`lmvdlu sm mfmhtrbj`ąhd zadjld hjlìd, ądsbp`sd, kdzm pbadtdhd, df` bj f`jm hdtdfbz` vfdst`tm vdjlsh`c hjl`źj`gd

=.0. Wtuamjtshd rmnmrdad

]hupjd pbvrŤ`jd u e; Krbl zdpbsfmj`c [dajb vr`lmem

11 1 ?0<?? - 41<7?, pmthbe 0<?? - 4><7?, sukbtbe 3.7? -44<??

=.4?. Hdp`tdfjd bprmed (jdvmst` pbadthm b rdspbfbź`vbl hdp`tdfjbl bprme` mfmuą`f Ťtd ą`ld jdkdvjd vr`lmajbst prmfdz` ;??.??? hujd)Jdz`v `jstruemjtd (bprmem) Jdkdvjd vr`lmajbst Iba`jm stdrbst`

_f`jsh` hrbedtbirdn 17>.9>?,?? hujd 0 iba`jd

=.44. Bstdf` prbstbr` (jdvmst` pbadthm b bstdfè prbstbrèd)



;33

]z prbstbrm jdvmamjm u tdkf`g` >. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` èd ` sf`lmamĉm prbstbrm ` sfuźkm<

4. ]rmash` prbstbr struąjm sfuźkm rdąujbvbastvb rdspbfdźm pbvrŤ`jbe ba ;; e; Ťtb lm zdabvbfldvdluĉd prbstbrjd hvdardturd pbtrmkjd zdbkdvfldjlm svdhbajmvj`c n`jdjg`lshb-rdąujbvbastvmj`c pbsfbvd ` bkvmzd. W bkz`rbe ad sm pbsfbvjm hjlìm ` hjlìbvbastvmjm `sprdvm ąuvdl u

suhfdajb rbhbvèd amn`j`rdjè u _rdv`fj`hu b prbrdąujshbe rdąujbvbastvu ` rdąujshbe pfdju (JJ kr. 441/4?) pbstbl` pbtrmkd zd abadtjè

prbstbrbe zd pbtrmkm drc`vm. Wfuźkd rdąujbvbastvd rdspbfdźm zdabvbfldvdluĉbe urmashbe ` jnbredt`ąhbe bprmebe. ;. @jnbredt`ąhb tmcj`ąhd sfuźkd sm sdstbl` ba = zdpbsfmj`c. Wfuźkd lm abkrb bprmeflmjd sd svè pbedidfèd zd jmbemtdj rda (dfdt` zd pbprd vdh

rdąujdfd, dfdt` zd bkdvfldjlm s`tj`c pbprdvdhd ujutdr zirdam, dfdt` zd barźdvdjlm cì`lmjm ` ą`stbĉm zirdam, dfdt` zd barźdvdjlm avbr`Ťj`cprbstbrd ` trdvjldhd, ` ar.) uz abvbfldj prbstbr zd jl`cbvu prèlmju ` shfda`Ťtmjlm. ]hbf`hb pbstbl` pbtrmkd zd jdkdvhbe abadtj`c dfdtd, vba`tmflsfuźkm adlm pr`lmafbi zd uvrŤtdvdjlm `st`c u pfdj jdkdvm. Wdv s`tj` `jvmjtdr ` a`lmfbv` zd bthfdjl djlm hvdrbvd jdkdvfldlu sm pb pbtrmk`, d pb

jdstdjhu hvdrd.

7. ]rmash` prbstbr` tdlj`Ťtvd ` amhdjdtd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` sdstblm sm ba tr` urmad hbl` su selmŤtmj` u zirda` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, tm rdspbfdźubaibvdrdluĉbe urmashbe, `jnbredt`ąhbe ` bstdfbe bprmebe pbtrmkjbe zd rda. ]hupjm pbvrŤ`jm su =7 e;. Wv` urma` tdlj`Ťtvd suhfèdt`z`rdj` ` jdfdzm sm jd `stbe hdtu zirdam Ťtb bfdhŤdvd jl`cbv rda ` pràbjbs` kbflbl nujhg`bjdfjbst`.



;30

a) Abhdz` b bsìurdjbl vfdst`tbl bprme` `f` bprme` u jdleu zd rdzabkflm ba

jdledjlm = iba`jd, pbtrmkjbl zd pbst`zdjlm prmav`Ĕmj`c `scbad uąmjld, d

pbsmk`gm abhdzm b abstupjbst` bkvmzdtjm f`tmrdturm

_badg` b vfdst`tbl bprme`, b abstupjbst` bkvmzjm f`tmrdturm ` jdstdvjè prbstbrèd sm jdfdzm u

tdkf`g` 3 (tdkf`gd [M^-Q=). ]z jdvmamjm pbadthm jdadflm su pbadg` b rdau ` bstdfbl f`tmrdtur

abstupjbl u hjl`źj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`.

Hjl`źj`gd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` selmŤtmjd u zirda` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, ûhbvdrshd 49. ]hupjdpbvrŤ`jd Hjl`źj`gm `zjbs` >9 e;. Hjl`źj`gd almfulm hdb pbsmkjd ustrblkmjd lma`j`gd u sdstdvu^mfmuą`f`Ťtd sd svrcbe almfbtvbrjbi ` glmfbv`tbi bsìurdjld uvlmtd zd rmdf`zdg`lu zjdjstvmjb -

`strdź`vdąhm, struąjm, jdstdvjm, bkrdzbvjm ` `zadvdąhm almfdtjbst`. _r`pdad pba jdafmźjbstAmhdjdtd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, d bridj`z`rdjd lm hdb srma`Ťjld hjl`źj`gd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd tm jmed balmfj`c

hjl`źj`gd. Ba uhupjm pbvrŤ`jm, 70 e; pbsuakmj` lm prbstbr Hjl`źj`gm, ;; e; prbstbr u nujhg`l`sprme`Ťtd/prbstbrd zd rda hbr`sj`hd jd rdąujdfèd tm > e; prbfdz `zemĔu pbsuakmjbi prbstbrd

` prbstbrd sprme`Ťtd/prbstbrd zd rda hbr`sj`hd jd rdąujdfèd.

Hjl`źj`ąj` prbstbr svblbe trmjutjbe pbvrŤ`jbe ` nujhg`bjdfjbŤĉu jm uabvbfldvd Wtdjadraèdzd v`sbhbŤhbfshm hjl`źj`gm u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl tm sm rlmŤdvdjlm `stbid jdemtjufb ` p r`f`hbe

`zrdam Wtua`lm `jnrdstruhturj`c hdpdg`tmtd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` s prblmhg`lbe pbtrmkd ukuauĉjbst`, ialm lm adjd djdf`zd pbstblmĉmi stdjld tm `zrdźmjd pbtrmkd zd pr`stupdjlmerlmŤdvdjlu prbkfmed prbstbrd Hjl`źj`gm, bajbsjb jlmibvd prbŤ`rmjld. ] bhv`ru prbstbrd hblè

trmjutjb rdspbfdźm, Hjl`źj`gd lm bprmeflmjd baibvdrdluĉè jdelmŤtdlme, rdąujdfjbe `tmfmhbeuj`hdg`lshbe bprmebe, hbl` bebiuĉulu jmsemtdj` ` hbjt`ju`rdj` rda almfdtj`gm

Hjl`źj`gm.

Hjl`źj`gd rdspbfdźm hjl`źjè nbjabe ba prmhb 73?? prèlmrdhd hjlìd struąjm f`tmrdturm,bajbsjb prmhb 4=?? jdsfbvd. Wdarźdljb, nbja Hjl`źj`gm ą`jm almfd s pbaruąld mhbjbe`lm, prdvd,emjdaźemjtd, sbg`bfbi`lm, pbf`t`hm tm dirbjbe`lm ` k`bema`g`jsh`c zjdjbst` tm tèm pbhr`vd svmstua`lshm irupm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. Bsè hjlìd, Hjl`źj`gd prèd ` jdlhvdf`tmtj`lm abedĉm ` strdjmądsbp`sm tm trmjutjb krbl` smadejdmst jdsfbvd rmfmvdjtj`c ądsbp`sd, tbąj`lm avd strdjd `pmtjdmst abedĉ`c jdsfbvd. Wvdhm iba`jm, `zavblmjè srmastvèd ba 9?.???,?? hj, bkbidĉulm smnbja Hjl`źj`gm suvrmemjbe struąjbe ` zjdjstvmjbe f`tmrdturbe jd crvdtshbe ` mjifmshbe

lmz`hu. Jdkdvd f`tmrdturm prbvba` sm avd putd iba`Ťjlm, jd pbąmthu svdhbid smemstrd. Jdèm, jdtmemflu `zvlmŤtdld TW9-@@->-4. Abstupjbst bkvmzjm `sp`tjm f`tmrdturm, hblè sm utvrĔulm pbstbtdh

abstupjbst` bkvmzjm `sp`tjm f`tmrdturm, `zrdĔulm sm pfdj jdkdvm f`tmrdturm zd hblu sm prmed`zvlmŤtdlu pbhdźm ad lm zdstupflmjd u jmabvbfljbe krblu prèlmrdhd, bajbsjb, ad jm uabvbfldvdHr`tmr`lèd zd vrmajbvdjlm vmfmuą`f`Ťtd ` v`sbh`c Ťhbfd hbl` prbp`sulu abstupjbst sp`tjm f`tmrdturm

u krblu prèlmrdhd hbl` `zjbs` jdledjlm ;?% ba krbld stuamjdtd hbl` trmjutjb pbcdĔdlu jdstdvu`z barmĔmjbi hbfmi`ld. Jdadflm, aruid jdkdvd f`tmrdturm vrŤ` sm jd tmemflu zdctlmvd zd jdkdvuf`tmrdturm jdstdvjbi bsbkfld ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd tm sm `std, tdhbĔmr, jdkdvfld u baibvdrdluĉme krbluprèlmrdhd. _r` svdhbl jdkdv` f`tmrdturm vrŤ` sm ` bkjdvfldjlm prmtpfdtd jd ądsbp`sm hblm Hjl`źj`gdprèd. Bsè hupjlbe, Hjl`źj`gd svbl nbja irda` ` zdelmjded, abjdg`lded, bthupbeE`j`stdrstvd zjdjbst`, bkrdzbvdjld ` Ťpbrtd ` bkvmzjè prèlmrhbe vfdst`t`c `zadjld. Hjl`źj`g`^mfmuą`f`Ťtd bkvmzjb sm abstdvfldlu svm hjlìm ą`l` lm `zadvdą ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm, irdĔd ą`l` su dutbr`

almfdtj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, irdĔd ą`l` su dutbr` vdjlsh` surdaj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, d hbld lm pbtrmkjd u

jdstdvjbe prbgmsu, tm f`tmrdturd jdkdvflmjd zd pbtrmkm prblmhdtd ` struąjb ` zjdjstvmjb



;0?

usdvrŤdvdjlm almfdtj`hd. ] prbstbru Hjl`źj`gm jdfdz` sm ` drc`vd a`pfbesh`c ` zdvrŤj`c rdabvdbkrdjlmj`c jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu tm edi`stdrsh` rdabv` ` abhtbrshm a`smrtdg`lm jdstdvj`hd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.Hjl`źj`gd pbslmaulm ` rmnmrmjtju stua`lshu irdĔu hbld lm hbr`sj`gèd abstupjd zd rda u Hjl`źj`g`.Hbr`sj`gèd Hjl`źj`gm jd rdspbfdidjlu lm ` zjdądldj krbl hjlìd abk`vmj`c abjdg`lbe u surdajl` snbjadg`lbe Wdkrm tm \k`rhd _bssmidjd, zdv`ądljd zk`rhd hblu Hjl`źj`gd hbjt`ju`rdjb urmĔulm `

bkbidĉulm.Hjl`źj`gd bebiuĉulm svblè hbr`sj`gèd ` usfuiu emĔuhjl`źj`ąjm pbsuakm, surdĔulm s aruièustdjbvded sd svrcbe Ťtb kbflmi pruźdjld usfuid svblè hbr`sj`gèd, df` ` rda` bebiuĉdvdjldhbr`sj`gèd arui`c ustdjbvd pr`stupd nbjau Hjl`źj`gm, d pbrda` ldądjld surdajlm.

@edluĉ` jd ueu uhupju pbvrŤ`ju Hjl`źj`gm tm zjdądldj `zjbs ba 9?.???,?? hj, hbl` sm svdhmiba`jm `zavdld zd jdkdvu hjlìd, nbja ` tmjamjg`ld rdstd nbjad su zdabvbfldvdluĉ`. _r`sutjd lm,jdèm, sv`lmst b pbtrmk` zd pbvmĉdjlme krbld jbv`c ` dhtudfj`c jdsfbvd pmr`ba`ąh`c pukf`hdg`ld,uhfluąuluĉ` ` vmĉ` krbl strdj`c jdsfbvd, jb vàfl`v` su pbedg` ` jd tbem pbaruąlu. _`tdjlm prbstbrdHjl`źj`gm jmzdjmedr`v lm prbkfme tm sm rlmŤdvdjlm `stbid uzmfb u bkz`r pr`f`hbe p`sdjld Wtua`lm`jnrdstruhturj`c hdpdg`tmtd mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` s prblmhg`lbe pbtrmkd u kuauĉjbst`.

Qdkf`gd 0. Bprmeflmjbst hjl`źj`gm

]hupjd pbvrŤ`jd(u e;)

Krbl zdpbsfmj`c Krbl slmamĉ`c elmstd Krbl stuamjdtd

hbl` hbr`stm hjl`źj`gu

_bstbl` f` rdąujdfjdkdzd pbadtdhd vdŤ`c

hjlìd ` ądsbp`sd

>9 e; 4 47 0>= AD

Krbl

jdsfbvd

hjlìd

Krbl

uaźkmj`hd*

Bglmjd

suvrmemjbst

hjlìd `

uaźkmj`hd

(ba 4 ‗ =)

Krbl

jdsfbvd

`jbzmej`c

ądsbp`sd

Krbl

jdsfbvd

abedĉ`cądsbp`sd

Bglmjd

nujhg`bjdfjbst`

` hdtdfbid

hjlìd `

ądsbp`sd

Bglmjd

bprmeflmjbst`

(ba 4 ‗ =)**

Bg`lmj`tm

hvdf`tmtu `

abstupjbst

mfmhtrbjsh`c

sdarźdld*** 4=>? 41;9 1 ; 4= = 7 1

* Krbl uaźkmj`hd pbardzue`lmvd svm uaźkmj`hm kmz bkz`rd jd krbl prèlmrdhd. ** Ebiuĉjbst` hbp`rdjld zd jdstdvj`hm ` stuamjtm, jdkdvd hbp`ld `z arui`c hjl`źj`gd, hdtdfbz`rdabvd jdstdvj`hd ta.

*** _ba mfmhtrbjshè sm sdarźdlèd pbardzue`lmvdlu mfmhtrbjshd `zadjld hjlìd, ądsbp`sd, kdzm pbadtdhd, df` hdtdfbz` vfdst`tm vdjlsh`c hjl`źj`gd.

Jdadflm, stuamjtèd lm bebiuĉmjb hbr`Ťtmjlm rdąujdfjm uą`bj`gm hdhb k` è sm bsìurdf` uvlmt`zd rlmŤdvdjlm stuamjtsh`c bkvmzd pbst`zdjlm scbad uąmjld. Qdkf`gd 4?. Bprmeflmjbst rdąujdfj`c uą`bj`gd

Krbl jbv`l`c rdąujdfd(ab 7 iba`jm

Krbl rdąujdfd stdr`l`cba 7 iba`jm

Bglmjd

nujhg`bjdfjbst`

(ba 4 ‗ =)

Bglmjd

barźdvdjld

(ba 4 ‗ =

Bglmjd ebiuĉjbst`hbr`Ťtmjld zvdj

jdstdvm

(ba 4-=)

? 77 = = 7

Wtuamjtèd lm bebiuĉmj ` hbjzuftdt`vdj rda sd jdstdvj`gèd u pbstblmĉè hdk`jmtèd hbl` subprmeflmj` n`hsjè tmfmnbjshè f`j`lded ` `jtmrjmtshè vmzded, ` zdabvbfldvdlu uz pblma`jm

`zjèhm (edfd hvdardturd) pbtrmkded jdstdvj`hd.



;04

m) Baibvdrdluĉ` prbstbrj` hdpdg`tmt` zd `zvbĔmjlm jdstdvm

_rbstbr` zd `zvbĔmjlm jdstdvm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu sdstblm sm ba prmadvdbj`gd, spbrtsh`c tmrmjd,

fdkbrdtbr`ld ` prdht`hued. _rmifma `st`c ebźm sm vàlmt` u tdkf`g` 3 tm u tdkf`gded 44 ` 4;.

Qdkf`gd 44. _rmifma zirdad ` prmadvdbj`gd u hblèd sm `zvba` jdstdvd

\irdad Jdz`v prmadvdbj`gm _bvrŤ`jd(e

;)

Krbl slmamĉ`c elmstd zdstuamjtm

\irdad mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`

A. Gmsdr`ĉ 40; 443

E. _m`ĉ ;9; 4=;

^. Kdkuh`ĉ =1 ==

A. Fmredj =1 =>

E. Hrdflmv`ĉ =; 13

J. ů. Wtr`ź`ĉ 73 7;

I. Qurhbv`ĉ 1; ;1

_bauzmtj`ąh`

`jhukdtbr

;> 4;

Jdstdvj` bklmht ‚Hf`lmt `sprme`Ťtm v`jd‖

]ą`bj`gd 73 >?

]hupjb< 9>3 ==9

Qdkf`gd 4;. _rmifma fdkbrdtbr`ld/prdht`hued/spbrtsh`c tmrmjd u hblèd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm `zvba` jdstdvu

\irdad @jtmrjd bzjdhd prbstbr`lm

fdkbrdtbr`ld/prdht`hued

_bvrŤ`jd (ue

;)

Krbl rdaj`c

elmstd zd

stuamjtm

\irdad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u_bźmi`

Fdkbrdtbr`l 9?,?? 4>

Jdstdvj` bklmht ‚Hf`l mt

` sprme`Ťtm v`jd‖

^`jsh` pbarue ` prmrdad irbźĔd ;4?,?? 7?

HuŤdbj`gd ;1,?? 4?

]hupjb< 7?1 94

Wpbrtsh` tmrmj`

Qmj`s =33,3? ;1

Bakblhd / ruhbemt =33,3? ;1

HbŤdrhd ;=7,?? 4?

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` trmjutjb jmed vfdst`tbi prbstbrd emĔutè suhfdajb Bafug` ^fdam

[mpukf`hm Crvdtshm, ]rmad zd arźdvju èbv`ju ba ;1. vmfldąm ;??7. iba`jm, ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu lmaba`lmflmj uhupdj prbstbr zirdam ŵupdj`lshbi gmjtrd jd hbr`Ťtmjlm kmz jdhjdam. Bzjdąmjbhbr`Ťtmjlm urmĔmjb lm uibvbrbe `zemĔu Irdad _bźmim ` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. [da` sm b jmhrmtj`j` uhblbl ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` bkdvfld ifdvj`ju svblm jdstdvjm almfdtjbst` jd svè svblèprmaa`pfbeshè struąjè stua`lèd ` lmajbe spmg`ldf`st`ąhbe a`pfbeshbe struąjbe stua`lu, djdfdz` sm jd darms` u ûhbvdrshbl uf`g` kr.49. u _bźmi`.^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` èd jd pbrma spbemjutm zirdam jd `stbl fbhdg`l` jd rdspbfdidjlu ` spbrtshm

tmrmjm pbvrŤ`jm 417?,>? e; jd hblèd sm jdfdz` 4 tmj`sh` tmrmj, 4 ruhbemtjb/jbibemtj` tmrmj `

4 hbŤdrhdŤh` tmrmj. Jd jdvmamjè tmrmjèd `zvba` sm jdstdvd hbfmi`ld Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjdhufturd.

Jd `stbl darms` jdfdz` sm ` Wtuamjtsh` pbauzmtj`ąh` `jhukdtbr uhupjm pbvrŤ`jm ba =1 e ; u hblmesm jdfdzm< urma, tribv`jd ` pbauzmtj`ąh` `jhukdtbr.



;0;

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u svbe vfdsj`Ťtvu èd jdstdvj` bklmht ‚Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm v`jd‖ ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmiùhupjm krutb pbvrŤ`jm =4=,94 e;

, hbl` lm sdirdĔmj jd fbhdg`l` selmŤtmjbl slmvmrb`stbąjb basmfd _baibrlm, jd luźjè bkrbjgèd _dpuhd. Bklmht sdarź` prbstbrm v`jshbid pbarued,

sprme`Ťtd v`jd, huŤdbj`gm, prbstbr`ld zd selmŤtdl pbflbpr`vrmajm emcdj`zdg`lm ` pr`hfluądhd,

ijbl`vd ` pmst`gàd, hdb ` jdstdvjm prbstbrm8 uą`bj`gm, hdk`jmtm, prdht`huem ` amiustdg`lshmavbrdjm. Bzjdąmj` bklmht `zrdvjb lm n`z`ąh` ` nujhg`bjdfjb pbvmzdj s jdstdvjè pbfìbjbe

v`Ťmiba`Ťjl`c jdsdad v`jbirdad, tm zdlmajb s jlè ą`j` jdstdvjb -amebjstrdg`lshu glmf`ju u

bhv`ru hblm sm bav`ld prmtmź`t` prdht`ąj` a`b jdstdvjm almfdtjbst` _bflbpr`vrmajbi balmfd. Qb lm lmajd ulmajb lmajd ba jdlvdźj`l`c prmajbst` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` s bkz`rbe jd srbajd^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.



;07

n) Bptèdfj` krbl stuamjdtd s bkz`rbe jd prbstbr, bprmeu ` krbl jdstdvj`hd

Wuhfdajb jbredt`vèd jdvmamjèd u abhuemjtu Ermźd v`sbh`c uą`f`Ťtd prb`zfdz` ad lm jdsvdhbi stuamjtd pbtrmkjb e`jèdfjb 4,;=e

; upbrdkfl`vbi prbstbrd pr` ąmeu sm ukrdld sdeb

prbstbr jde`lmjlmj barźdvdjlu jdstdvm. ]hupj` prbstbr jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu jde`lmjlmj barźdvdjlujdstdvm (prmadvdbj`gm, fdkbrdtbr`l, v`jsh` pbarue) `zjbs` 4?9;e

;. Wtdvfldjlme u bajbs

jdvmamju pbvrŤ`ju s uhupjb up`sdjè krb lme stuamjdtd, hbl`c lm u dhdameshbl iba`j`

;?47./;?41. k`fb up`sdjb 4=7?, abk`lmeb ad jd svdhbi stuamjtd abfdz` u prdv`fu ?,9?e;

upbrdkfl`vbi prbstbrd Ťtb jm zdabvbfldvd trdźmjm jbredt`vm.]hbf`hb sm vmĉ jdvmamjbe prbstbru zkrblm ` pbvrŤ`jm spbrtsh`c tmrmjd jd hblèd sm bav`ldjdstdvd `z prmaemtd Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd tdad lm jd rdz`j` g`lmfm `jst`tug`lm ` sv`c

stua`ld pbvrŤ`jd prbstbrd jd svdhbi stuamjtd lm 4,>1 e;.

] sf`lmamĉbl tdkf`g` pr`hdzdj lm uhupdj krbl stuamjdtd ` jdstdvj`hd ` tb jd jdą`j ad lm<

u 4 `zrdźmj belmr stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jdstdvj`hd uhupjbi krbld stuamjdtd u ; lm `zrdźmj belmr tdhb ad lm jd stdfjb zdpbsfmjm jdstdvj`hm abadj ` uhupdj krbl

stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c surdaj`hd pbejbźmj sd ?,=.

u 7 lm `zrdźmj belmr tdhb ad lm jd stdfjb zdpbsfmjm jdstdvj`hm ` surdaj`hm abadj ùhupdj krbl vdjlsh`c surdaj`hd pbejbźmj sd ?,=.

Qdkf`gd 47. Belmr uhupjbi krbld jdstdvj`hd ` stuamjdtd

*sued uhupjbi krbld rmabv`t`c stuamjdtd ` uhupjbi krbld `zvdjrmaj` stuamjdtd pbejbźmj s ?,=

** sued uhupjbi krbld stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jdstdvj`hd ` krbld stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c surdaj`hd pbejbźmj s ?,=

***sued uhupjbi krbld stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jdstdvj`hd ` surdaj`hd ` krbld vdjlsh`c surdaj`hd pbejbźmj s ?,=

@z tdkf`gm lm vàfl`vb ad ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm jmed abvbfljb stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jdstdvj`hd ` surdaj`hd ` tdlbelmr trmjutjb `zjbs` 4<1?,=9, `dhb sm tdl belmr svdhm dhdameshm iba`jm pbkbflŤdvd. Jdbarźdvdjlu jdstdvm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd djidź`rdj barmĔmj krbl vdjlsh`c surdaj`hd hdhb k` sm tdl belmr

pbkbflŤdb tm s jlèd `zjbs` 4<7?,?4 Ťtb lm u shfdau s _rdv`fj`hbe b sdarźdlu abpusj`gm tm

uvlmtèd zd `zadvdjlm abpusj`gm zd bkdvfldjlm almfdtjbst` v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld, `zvbĔmjlmstua`lshbi prbirded ` rmdhrma`tdg`lu v`sbh`c uą`f`Ť td. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm èd pbtrmkm zd zdpbŤfldvdjlmestdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jdstdvj`hd ` struąj`c surdaj`hd hdhb k` sedjl`b jd Ťtb lm ebiuĉm j`źu rdz`jubv`sjbst b vdjlshè surdaj`gèd.

Qdkf`gd 41. Belmr uhupjbi krbld jdstdvj`hd ` stuamjdtd jd Wtruąjbe stua`lu Qribv`jd

Dh. iba`jd ;??0/4? ;?4?/44 ;?44/4; ;?4;/47 ;?47/41

[.kr. Krbl stuamjdtd* 4139,= 471> 474=,= 4;;? 4?0=,=

4 Krbl stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c

jdstdvj`hd

;9 ;3 ;0 ;0 ;9

Belmr ==,?0 13,?9 1=,7> 1;,?9 1?,=9

; Abadj` stdfjb zdpbsfmj`surdaj`g`**

;9,?? ;3,?? ;0,=? ;0,=? ;3,??

Belmr ==,?0 13,?9 11,=0 14,7> 70,47

7 Abadj` vdjlsh` surdaj`g` 71,= 73 1?,= 1? 7>,=

Belmr 17,4; 7=,1; 7;,13 7?,=? 7?,?4



;01

@z tdkf`gm `zjda lm vàfl`vb ad belmr stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jdstdvj`hd ` uhupjbi krbld rmabvj`c `

`zvdjrmaj`c stuamjdtd lm zdabvbfldvdluĉ`.

Hbf`ą`jd ` nujhg`bjdfjbst rdąujdfjm bprmem hbld sm hbr`st` u jdstdv` vrfb lm abkrd. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm zd

hbr`Ťtmjlm u jdstdv` èd lmaju rdąujdfju uą`bj`gu sd ;1 rdąujdfd hblèd sm stuamjt` ebiuhbr`st`t` ` `zvdj jdstdvm. [dąujdfjd uą`bj`gd btvbrmjd lm zd stuamjtm svdhè rdajè adjbe,bsè u vr`lmem barźdvdjld jdstdvm. Bsè rdąujdfd u rdąujdfjbl uą`bj`g`, zd jdstdvu sm hbr`stmrdąujdfd sd stdfjbe vmzbe jd @jtmrjmt ` prblmhtbrbe u > uą`bj`gd, avd pr`lmjbsjd rdąujdfd sdprblmhtbrbe zd jdstdvu hbld sm bav`ld u fdkbrdtbr`lèd ` uą`bj`g` u zirda` Hf`lmt ` sprme`Ťtm v`jd,_baibrlm, ^mtbvb. Lmajd uą`bj`gd lm bprmeflmjd bprmebe zd barźdvdjlm vàmbhbjnmrmjg`lm.Wtuamjtèd zd rda lm abstupjb = h`bsh rdąujdfd hbld sm jdfdzm u ufdzjbe cbfu zirdam^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, 1 rdąujdfd hbld sm jdfdzm jd cbaj`hu prvbi hdtd, tm 1 rdąujdfd hbld smjdfdzm u hjl`źj`g` ` ą`tdbj`g`. G`lmfd zirdad lm pbhr`vmjd sìjdfbe zd kmź`ąj` @jtmrjmt, d pr`stup è

lm bebiuĉmj putme MA][BDE sustdvd ` [email protected] hbr`sj`ąhbe bzjdhbe. \d pr`ldvu ` baldvu`sp`td pbstdvflmjd su 7 stuabedtd.

Dh. iba`jd ;?47/41

[.kr. Krbl stuamjdtd* ;9?

4 Krbl stdfjb zdpbsfmj`cjdstdvj`hd

41

Belmr 47,>3

; Abadj` stdfjb zdpbsfmj`surdaj`g`**

4=

Belmr 47,;?

7 Abadj` vdjlsh` surdaj`g` 49

Belmr 4;,7=



;0=

i) _ bp`s jdstdvj`hd krbl surdaj`hd hbl` ĉm sualmfbvdt` u `zvbĔmjlu svdhbi hbfmi`ld

Qdkf`gd 4=. Bp`s hdarbvsh`c uvlmtd (tdkf`gd TW;-[M^-Q>)

>. B_@W HDA[B^WH@C ]^LMQD

>.4. _bp`s ` bptmrmĉmjlm jdstdvj`hd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvmak` stua`lshbid prbirded (TW;-[M^-Q>.4.)

>.;. _bp`s ` bptmrmĉmjlm vdjlsh`c surdaj`hd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvmak` stua`lshbid prbirded (TW;-[M^-Q>.;.)

>.7. Djdf`zd pbhr vmjbst` stua lshbi prbirded jdstdvj`gèd zdpbsfmjèdu v`sbhbbkrdzbvjbl ustdjbv` u bajbsu jd uhupdj krbl jdstdvj`hdpbtrmkj`c zd `zvbĔmjlm stua`lshbi prbirded (u %)

0=,0>%(belmr krbld jbred sdt` jdstdvj`hd stdfjb zdpbsfmj`c jd^]_-u uhupjbi krbld jbred sdt` prbirded)

>.1.

ŵ`vbtbp`s` jdstdvj`hd ` vdjlsh`c surdaj`hd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvmak` stua`lshbid prbirded (ŵ`vbtbp`s ebrd k`t` u M] bkf`hu ź`vbtbp`sd)(]hbf`hb jdstdvj`h j`lm zdpbsfmj jd sdstdvj`g` hbld prmafdźm stua`lsh` prbirde, pr`fdźu sm sflmamĉm p`semjm `zldvm< 4. @zldvd jdstdvj`hd ad lm sprmedj `zvba`t` jdstdvu;. AbpuŤtmjlm ąmfj`hd sdstdvj`gm u hblbl lm jdstdvj`h zdpbsfmj s jdvbĔmjlme prmaemtd ` rdzabkfld zd hblm sm `zadlm)

>.=.Bptèdfj` krbl stuamjdtd hbl` sm ebiu up`sdt` jd stua`l s bkz`rbe jdprbstbrjm ` hdarbvshm uvlmtm

[MA<>?8 @\^<>?

>.>._bp`s ` hvdf`n`hdg`lm surdaj`hd `z `jst`tug`ld hbl` ĉm sualmfbvdt` u jdstdvjè, `strdź`vdąhè ` struąjè dht`vjbstèd stua`ls hbidprbirded (TW;-[M^-Q>.7.)

>.9. Belmr stuamjdtd ` jdstdvj`hd (TW;-[M^-Q>.1. ]hupj` krbl jdstdvj`hd ` stuamjdtd)



;0>

Qdkf`gd 4>.-_bp`s ` bptmrmĉmjlm jdstdvj`hd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvmak` stua`lshbid prbirded (TW;-[M^-Q>.4.)

Jdz`v hbfmi`ld MGQW^rstd

jdstdvmKrbl

stuamjdtdKrbl

irupdKrblsdt`

Krbljbred

sdt`@em prmz`em jdstdvj`hd

Jdstdvjbzvdjlm

Iba`jdpbsflmajlmi

`zkbrd uzvdjlm

]hupjbbptmrmĉmjlm

jdstua`lshbeprbirdeu

]hupjbbptmrmĉmjlmjd ^]_-u

_bąmfdmhbjbe`lm

9

prmadvdjld >1 4 1= 0? Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

sme`jdr` ;4 4 4= ;;,= Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

vlmźkm

Bsjbvm

edrhmt`jid @ 1

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=sme`jdr` 74 4 4= ;;,= Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

vlmźkm

@jnbredt`hd =

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? [bkmrt @afkmh v.prma. ;?4?. ;;= 7>?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 7 7? 7? [bkmrt @afkmh v.prma. ;?4?. ;;= 7>?

Ibspbadrshd

edtmedt`hd @ =

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? Kbldj [da`Ť`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 4;? 1;?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 4 7? 7? Kbldj [da`Ť`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 4;? 1;?

]vba u

ibspbadrshu

stdt`st`hu @

=

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 4 7? 7? E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

Mjifmsh` lmz`h @ 7

prmadvdjld 1> 4 4= 7? ^msjd uf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4?. 3;,= 13?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm 1> 4 4= 4= ^msjd uf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4?. 3;,= 13?

Jlmedąh` lmz`h @ 7

prmadvdjld > 4 4= 7? \brdj E`rbsdv prma. ;?44. >9,= 1=?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm > 4 4= 4= \brdj E`rbsdv prma. ;?44. >9,= 1=?

Qlmfmsjd `

zardvstvmjd?

prmadvdjld

sme`jdr`



;09

hufturd @ vlmźkm >1 4,= 7? 7? Edr`ld Kfdź`ąmv`ĉ ds`stmjt ;?44. 0? 7>?

Edhrbmhbjbe`ld 1

prmadvdjld >1 4 1= 0? Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 4 4= 4= Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

Bsjbvm

edrhmt`jid @@ 1

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

sme`jdr` 7? 4 4= ;;,= Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

vlmźkm

Qribvdąhb prdvb =

prmadvdjld >1 4 1= 0? Ardidjd Klmf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1= 11;,=

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm

Wbg`bfbi`ld 7

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? Kdrkdrd _`shmr v.prma. ;?4?. 14,= =1?

sme`jdr` ;; 4 4= ;;,= Kdrkdrd _`shmr v.prma. ;?4?. 14,= =1?

vlmźkm

Ibspbadrshd

edtmedt`hd @@ =

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? Kbldj [da`Ť`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 4;? 1;?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 4 7? 7? Kbldj [da`Ť`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 4;? 1;?

]vba u

ibspbadrshu

stdt`st`hu @@

=

prmadvdjld >1 4 7? >? E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 4 7? 7? E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

Mjifmsh` lmz`h @@ 7

prmadvdjld 1> 4 4= 7? ^msjd uf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4?. 3;,= 13?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm 1> 4 4= 4= ^msjd uf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4?. 3;,= 13?

Jlmedąh` lmz`h @@ 7

prmadvdjld > 4 4= 7? \brdj E`rbsdv prma. ;?44. >9,= 1=?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm > 4 4= 4= \brdj E`rbsdv prma. ;?44. >9,= 1=?

Qlmfmsjd `

zardvstvmjd

hufturd @@

?

prmadvdjld

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm >1 4,= 7? 7? Edr`ld Kfdź`ąmv`ĉ ds`stmjt ;?44. 0? 7>?

Bridj`zdg`ld = prmadvdjld ;4 4 >? 4;? Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?



;03

uprdvfldjlm sme`jdr`

vlmźkm

Bsjbvm

ibspbadrstvd

Crvdtshm @

1

prmadvdjld ;4 4 7? >? E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź prbn.v.Ť. ;?47. 44? 7>?

sme`jdr` > 4 4= ;;,= E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź prbn.v.Ť. ;?47. 44? 7>?

vlmźkm

[dąujbvbastvbzd pbauzmtj`hm @

1

prmadvdjld ;4 4 7? >? Edr`b ŵupdj prma. ;?44. 43? 10=

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;4 4 7? 7? Edr`b ŵupdj prma. ;?44. 43? 10=

Mhbjbe`hdpbauzmtj`Ťtvd @ 7

prmadvdjld ;4 4 7? >? E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;4 4 4= 4= E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

N`jdjg`lm zd

pbauzmtj`hm @ =

prmadvdjld ;4 4 1= 0? Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. ;7;,= =7;,=

sme`jdr` = 4 4= ;;,= Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. ;7;,= =7;,=

vlmźkm

Qribv`jshb

pbsfbvdjlm @ =

prmadvdjld ;4 4 1= 0? Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

sme`jdr` 4? 4 4= ;;,= Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

vlmźkm

Mjifmsh` lmz`h @@@ 7

prmadvdjld 49 4 4= 7? ^msjd uf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4?. 3;,= 13?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm 49 4 4= 4= ^msjd uf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4?. 3;,= 13?

Jlmedąh` lmz`h @@@ 7

prmadvdjld 7 4 4= 7? \brdj E`rbsdv prma. ;?44. >9,= 1=?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm 7 4 4= 4= \brdj E`rbsdv prma. ;?44. >9,= 1=?

Bsjbvm

ibspbadrstvd

Crvdtshm @@

1

prmadvdjld ;4 4 7? >? E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź prbn.v.Ť. ;?47. 44? 7>?

sme`jdr` > 4 4= ;;,= E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź prbn.v.Ť. ;?47. 44? 7>?

vlmźkm

[dąujbvbastvbzd pbauzmtj`hm @@

=

prmadvdjld ;4 4 7? >? Edr`b ŵupdj prma. ;?44. 43? 10=

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;4 4 7? 7? Edr`b ŵupdj prma. ;?44. 43? 10=



;00

Mhbjbe`hd

pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @@ 1

prmadvdjld

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;4 4 4= 4= E`rldjd [daedj-Nujdr`ĉ v.prma. ;??0. 4>= 13?

N`jdjg`lm zd

pbauzmtj`hm @@ >

prmadvdjld ;4 4 1= 0? Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. ;7;,= =7;,=

sme`jdr` > 4 4= ;;,= Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. ;7;,= =7;,=

vlmźkm

Qribv`jshb

pbsfbvdjlm @@ >

prmadvdjld ;4 4 1= 0? Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

sme`jdr` 4? 4 4= ;;,= Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

vlmźkm

Wtruąjd prdhsd @ 1

prmadvdjld

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;4 4 4?= 4?= Hdtdr`jd _btj`h Idf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. ;7;,= =7;,=

_rbadljb

pbsfbvdjlm =

prmadvdjld ;3 4 1= 0? Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm

Hbeuj`g`rdjlm s

trź`Ťtme =

prmadvdjld ;3 4 1= 0? Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

sme`jdr` 4? 4 4= ;;,= Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

vlmźkm

Fbi`st`hd 7

prmadvdjld ;3 4 7? >? Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm

Emjdaźemjt

fluash`c rmsursd

1prmadvdjld ;3 4 7? >? Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?

sme`jdr` = 4 4= ;;,= Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?

vlmźkm

Murbpshm

`jtmirdg`lm

1prmadvdjld 9 4 7? >? E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź prbn.v.Ť. ;?47. 44? 7>?

sme`jdr` 9 4 4= ;;,= E`rldjd Lmfmą [diuź prbn.v.Ť. ;?47. 44? 7>?

vlmźkm

Bk`tmflshb

pbauzmtj`Ťtvb 1

prmadvdjld 44 4 7? >? Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?

sme`jdr` 44 4 4= ;;,= Hdtdr`jd ůtdvf`ĉ v.prma. ;?4;. 1?4,;= =1?



7??

vlmźkm

Wtruąjd prdhsd @@ 1

prmadvdjld

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;3 4 4?= 4?= Kmr`sfdv Djarf`ĉ v.prma. ;?44. 1?= 139,=

_r`elmjd

`jnbredt`ąhmtmcjbfbi`lm u

tribv`j`

=

prmadvdjld ;3 4 7? >? [bkmrt @afkmh v.prma. ;?4?. ;;= 7>?

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;3 4 7? 7? [bkmrt @afkmh v.prma. ;?4?.;;= 7>?

Jdkdvjb

pbsfbvdjlm =

prmadvdjld ;3 4 1= 0? Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?

sme`jdr` ;3 4 4= 4= Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?vlmźkm

Wtruąjd prdhsd@@@

>

prmadvdjld

sme`jdr`

vlmźkm ;3 4 4>= 4>= Crvblm Kua`ĉ v.prma. ;?47. 70= =4?

]H]_JB

_rmadvdjld* ;;3?

Wme`jdr`*77?

^lmźkm*93?

]H]_JB*770?

*vr`lmajbst` su `zrdźmjm u jbred sdt`ed



7?4

Qdkf`gd 49. _bp`s ` bptmrmĉmjlm vdjlsh`c surdaj`hd hbl` sualmfulu u `zvmak` stua`lshbid prbirded (TW;-[M^-Q>.;.)

Jdz`v hbfmi`ld MGQW^rstd

jdstdvmKrbl

stuamjdtdKrbl

irupdKrblsdt`

Krbljbred

sdt`@em prmz`em jdstdvj`hd

\jdjstvmjbjdstdvj` f`jdstdvjb

zvdjlm

Iba`jdpbsflmajlmi

`zkbrd uzvdjlm

]hupjbbptmrmĉmjlm

jdstua`lshbeprbirdeu

]hupjbbptmrmĉmjlmjd ^]_-u

]rmashb

pbsfbvdjlm 1

prmadvdjld 4; 4 7? >? Ldse`jd Webfą`ĉ prma. ;??3. 14,;= ;?;

sme`jdr` 4; 4 4= ;;,= Ldse`jd Webfą`ĉ prma. ;??3. 14,;= ;?;

vlmźkm

Mhbjbe`hd

pbauzmtj`Ťtvd @@ 1

prmadvdjld 4 7? >? \fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ prbn.v.Ť. ;?4?. >? >?sme`jdr`

vlmźkm

]H]_JB

prmadvdjld 4;?

sme`jdr`;;,=

vlmźkm ?

]H]_JB41;,=

Qdkf`gd 43. Belmr stuamjdtd ` jdstdvj`hd (TW;-[M^-Q>.1. ]hupj` krbl jdstdvj`hd ` stuamjdtd)

]hupdj krbl jdstdvj`hd ` stuamjdtd

Qmhuĉd iba`jd(t)Iba`jd zvbĔmjld stua`lshbid prbirded

t+4 t+;* t+7* t+1* t+=*

>.4. ]hupdj krbl jdstdvj`hd 41 4? 41 41

>.4.4. Wtdfjb zdpbsfmj` jdstdvj`g` 41 4? 41 41

>.4.;. Hueufdt`vj` rdaj` bajbs ? ? ? ?

>.;. ]hupdj krbl rmabv`t`c stuamjdtd 447 >1 ;4 ;3



7?;

>.;.4. ]z puju pbtpbru E\Bů-d 94 19 > 43

>.;.;. _ujd pdrt`g`pdg`ld stuamjdtd 4? 9 7 ?

>.;.7. F`jmdrjd pdrt`g`pdg`ld stuamjdtd 7; 4? 4; 4?

>.7.]hupdj krbl `zvdjrmaj`cstuamjdtd 4=9 7; ;0 0>

>.1.]hupdj krbl stuamjdtd (>.;. `>.7.) ;9? 0> =? 4;1

* u tdkf`g` >.1, trmkd uj`lmt` uhupdj krbl stuamjdtd ` jdstdvj`hd u iba`j` `zvbĔmjld stua`ld<

u prvbl iba`j` krblm sm sdeb stuamjt` ` jdstdvj`g` 4. iba`jm, u ;. iba`j` `zvbĔmjld stua`ld uz`edlu sm

u bkz`r stuamjt` 4. ` ;. iba`jm stua`ld ` uhupj` krbl jdstdvj`hd hbl` prmadlu jd 4. ` ;. iba`j`,

u 7. iba`j` `zvbĔmjld stua`ld krblm sm stuamjt 4., ;. ` 7. iba`jm stua`ld ` jdstdvj`g` hbl` prmadlu jd 4., ;. ` 7. iba`j` stua`ld.



7?7

c) _ badg` b svdhbe djidź`rdjbe jdstdvj`hu

(ź`vbtbp`s s jdz`vbe ustdjbvm u hblbl lm zdpbsfmj, m-ed`f darmsd, pbp`s rdabvd bkldvflmj`c upbsflmajl`c pmt iba`jd tm rdabvm hbl` id hvdf`n`g`rdlu zd `zvbĔmjlm jdstdvm, adtue zdajlmi `zkbrdu zvdjlm), d dhb j`lm zdpbsfmj jd v`sbhbe uą`f`Ťtu, p`semju `zldvu jdstdvj`hd ad lm sprmedj`zvba`t` jdstdvu, `zldvu ąmfj`hd ustdjbvm u hblbl lm zdpbsfmj tm hbfmi`ld ` rdzabkflm zd hblm sm`zadlm abzvbfd



7?1



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740



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7>7

ŵ`vbtbp`s jdstdvj`hd (surdaj`hd)

Jdstdvj`h< Ar.sg. Jmvmjhd Krmsfdumr Ekr.]\ ;3?;1;

Balmf< EMJDAŵEMJQ Q][@\ED @ W_B[QD

Hbjtdht< jkrmsfdumrOemv.cr

Hbjzuftdg`lm<

Jbs`tmfl/`gd jd prmaemtèd<

(Wurdaj`h/`gd)

_B^@LMWQ W_B[QD

BWJB^M H@JM\@BFBI@LM

Bkrdzbvdjlm `

bspbsbkfldvdjlm<

Ar. sg. Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku , H`jmz`bfbŤh` ndhuftmt

\dirmk ;??9.

Er. sg. Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku , H`jmz`bfbŤh` ndhuftmt

\dirmk ;??7.

Edi`stdr h`jmz`bfbi`lm spbrtd dtfmt`hm Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u

\dirmku, H`jmz`bfbŤh` ndhuftmt \dirmk ;??;.

_rbnmsbr n`z`ąhm hufturm, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku

Ndhuftmt n`z`ąhm hufturm \dirmk 403>.

Qrmjmr dtfmt`hm, Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u \dirmku, Ndhuftmt

n`z`ąhm hufturm u \dirmku 403=.

\dajl` `zkbr u

zvdjlm<

_rbnmsbr v`sbhm Ťhbfm, ;??0.iba`jm

[dajb`shustvb<

;?44. EmĔèurshb vmfmuą`f`Ťtm u Ćdhbvgu,Amhdj`gd, jdstdvd _bv`lmst spbrtd, Bsjbvm

h`jmz`bfbi`lm

;??3.-;?44. EmĔèurshb vmfmuą`f`Ťtm u Ćdhbvgu,

pr`vrmemjd amhdj`gd, jdstdvd Q\H @.,@@.,

;??9.- Crvdtshd bfèp`lshd dhdame`ld \dirmk,

prmadvdą Bsjbvm tmbr`lm trmj`jid

;??7.- ;??3. ]ą`tmflsh` ndhuftmt u \dirmku- Baslmh

Ćdhbvmg, v`Ť` prmadvdą Q\H, H`jmz`bfbŤhd emtba`hd

, Bsjbvm h`jmz`bfbi`lm, _f`vdjlm, Nbfhfbr,

\èbvdjlm ` Flmtbvdjlm

;???.- ;??7. ^djlsh` surdaj`h jd `sbhbl

uą`tmflshbl Ťhbf` u Ćdhbvgu, prmadvdą jd Q\H,

H`jmz`bfbŤhd emtba`hd , Bsjbvm h`jmz`bfbi`lm,

_f`vdjlm, Jdrbaj` pfmsbv`

4039. ‗ ;??7. @@. Bsjbvjd Ťhbfd Ćdhbvmg, uą`tmfl

Q\H ` emjtbr Q\H zd EmĔèurshu ` ^drdźa`jshu

źupdj`lu

403>. Bsjbvjd Ťhbfd _baturmj, uą`tmfl Q\H



7>1

\jdjstvmjd ` struąjdalmfdtjbst<

Bkldvflmjb<

Dutbr ` sudutbr 7> zjdjstvmj`c ` struąj`c rdabvd

Dutbr ` sudutbr ;4 zjdjstvmjbi rdad

Dutbr ` sudutbr ; hjlìm

[mgmjzmjt jmhbf`hb hjlìd ` pr`ruąj`hd ]rmaj`h ądsbp`sd zkbrj`hd

Wualmfbvdjlm jd emĔujdrbajè abedĉè

hbjnmrmjg`lded

\dcvdfj`gd sd zfdtjbe zjdąhbe , Crvdtsh`

h`jmz`bfbŤh` sdvmz ;??0.

Lmz`g`< [ush` / mjifmsh`

^lmŤt`jm ` hbepmtmjg`lm< WBG@LDFJM LMůQ@JM @ HBE_MQMJG@LM<

Hbeuj`hdt`vjbst shrmjbst u emĔufluashè

bajbsèd, shfbjbst tèshbe rdau, ebiuĉjbstrlmŤdvdjld prbkfmed zklmidvdluĉ` hbjnf`htjm

s`tudg`lm.

B[IDJ@\DG@LWHM ^LMůQ@JM @ HBE_MQMJG@LM<]splmŤjb vbĔmjlm bridj`zdg`ld rdad8 uprdvfldjlmtmcj`ąhè fluashè rmsursèd (pr`vrmemj`

amhdj/amhdj jd EmĔèurshbe vmfmuą`f`Ťtu uĆdhbvgu), bridj`zdg`ld prbvbĔmjlm jdstdvm(`zvbĔmjlm prmadvdjld, vlmźk` sme`jdrd).

QMCJ@ĆHM LMůQ@JM @ HBE_MQMJG@LM< [dad jd

rdzf`ą`tè rdąujdfjè dpf`hdg`lded,Bridj`zdtbr

hbjnmrmjg`lm-;?4?., ;?4;, Bridj`zdtbr spbrtsh`c

susrmtd stuamjdtd v`sbh`c Ťhbfd ` vmfmuą`f`Ťtd [C,

vba`tmfl jd prblmhtu, emjtbr jd zdvrŤjè

rdabvèd, emjtbr a`pfbesh`c rdabvd , emjtbr

ds`stmjtèd, , urmaj`h zkbrj`hd, barźdfd ;?-tdh

sme`jdrd zd pbtrmkm Dimjg`lm zd baibl `

bkrdzbvdjlm, E\BW-d. [mgmjzmjt jmhbf`hb

Ťhbfsh`c uaźkmj`hd pr`ruąj`hd ,Ćfdj vdjlshbi

dua`td J^DB.

_bp`s bkldvflmj`c rdabvd 4. Krmsfdumr, J., M. Cbnedj, Fl. Djtmhbfbv`ĉ (;??;)< Dtcfmt`gs ds dj mxtrdgurr`gufdrdgt`v`ty bn kbys-djtrbpbfbi`gdf dttr`kutms rmfdtma tb prnbredjgm. 7tc@jtmrjdt`bjdf sgm`jt`n`g gbjnmrmjgm ''H`jms`bfbiy jmwpmrspmgt`vms'', Bpdt`ld, Grbdt`ld, pp (4?0-447).

;. Krmsfdumr, J., H. Amf`ld, @. Kbhbr (;??= )< [mfdt`bjskmtwmj djtr`pbfbi`gdf gcdrdgtmr`st`gs dja pmrnbredjgm `jsgcbbf dtcfmt`gs bn i`rfs `jvbfvma `j mxtrdgurr`gufdr spbrt`ji

dgt`v`tms. 1tc@jtmrjdt`bjdf sgm`jt`n`g gbjnmrmjgm''H`jms`bfbiy jmw pmrspmgt`vms'', Bpdt`ld, Grbdt`ld, pp (01-09).



7>=

7. EdrŤ`ĉ Q., _. _drdaź`h, J. Krmsfdumr (;??>)< Wpbfjmrdzf`hm u ebt`vdg`l` zd jdstdvu tlmfmsjm ` zardvstvmjmhufturm. Jdprmadh. Ćdsbp`s zd pmadibi`lshu tmbr`lu `prdhsu \dirmk, ^bf.419, kr. 7 str. (7;3-771).

1. ŵ`vą`ĉ H., J. Krmsfdumr, Q. Wt`k`fl- Kdt`j`ĉ (;??3).A`ldijbst`g`rdjlm ` zjdjstvmjb vmr`n`g`rdjlm emtba`ąhbi pbstuphd uąmjld u spbrtshbl ièjdst`g`. Baibljm zjdjbst`

4=., ]ą`tmflsh` ndhuftmt \dirmk str. (4=0-490). =. Krmsfdumr J., H. ŵ`vą`ĉ, @. J`hbf`ĉ (;??3). @jnfumjgm bn

a`nnmrmjt pcys`gdf maugdt`bj gurr`gufd bj tcm n`ntc-irdam pup`fs‐ ebtbr dk`f`t`ms. =tc@jtmrjdt`bjdf sgm`jt`n`ggbjnmrmjgm H`jms`bfbiy rmsmdrsc trmjas dppf`gdt`bj.\dirmk, Grbdt`ld, pp .(100-=?;).

>. Cbrvdt, ^.8 J. Krmsfdumr , E. E`Ťądąuh, (;?4?).Ndhtbrshd struhturd ebtbr`ąh`c spbsbkjbst` almądhd àlmvblą`gd stdr`c >, = iba`jd // Pbutc spbrt ;?4?. / Hbvdą,Edrlmtd 8 Lurdh, Irmibr 8 Wtdr, Irmibr (ur.). Flukfldjd<Ndguft` bn spbrt, Flukfldjd, ;?4?. 441-44=.

9. Krmsfdumr, J., D. Lmfmj`ĉ (;??1)< [dzf`hm `zemĔu`j`g`ldfjbi ` n`jdfjbi elmrmjld hba uąmj`hd 1. rdzrmad. Iba`Ťjldh ^`sbhm uą`tmflshm Ťhbfm u Ćdhbvgu '']ą`tmfl'',Wtlmpdj Crdjlmg (ur.) Ćdhbvmg, str. (;44-;4=). (`zvbrj`zjdjstvmj` rda)

3. Krmsfdumr, J., Q. EdrŤ`ĉ, @. Emsdr`ĉ (;??1)< [dzvbljmh`c djtrbpbfbŤh`c hdrdhtmr`st`hd hba uąmj`hd 1. rdzrmad. \kbrj`h rdabvd sd emĔujdrbajbi zjdjstvmjb- struąjbishupd ůhbfd ` rdzvbl, _mtr`jld, (ur. @. _rshdfb), str. (409-;?4). (zjdjstvmj` rda)

0. Krmsfdumr, J., H. Amf`ld, D. Lmfmj`ĉ (;??1)< ]tlmgdlŤmstbelmsmąjbi h`jmz`bfbŤhbi trmtedjd jd jmhmebtbr`ąhm aèmjz`lm uąmj`hd 1 ` = rdzrmad bsjbvjm Ťhbfm. \kbr j`h rdabvd 47. flmtjm Ťhbfm h`jmz`bfbid [C, (ur. ^.N`jadh). \dirmk< Crvdtsh` h`jmz`bfbŤh` sdvmz [bv`jl str.(37- 39). (zjdjstvmj` rda)

4?. Krmsfdumr, J., H. Amf`ld, D. Lmfmj`ĉ (;??=)< Djdf`zdrdzf`hd `zemĔu shup`jd `sp`tdj`hd uhfluąmj`c u rdzf`ą`tmh`jmz`bfbŤhm dht`vjbst` . \kbrj`h rdabvd 41. flmtjm Ťhbfmh`jmz`bfbid [C, [bv`jl , (ur. ^. N`jadh). \dirmk< Crvdtsh`h`jmz`bfbŤh` sdvmz, str. (90- 3;). (zjdjstvmj` rda)

44. Krmsfdumr J., @. Emsdr`ĉ, ^. Cbrvdt (;??>)< ]tlmgdlebtbr`ąh`c ` ebrnbfbŤh`c vdr`ldkf` jd usplmŤjbst u tmstu zd prbglmju nujhg`bjdfjm spbsbkjbst` hba uąmj`gd trmĉmirdzrmad bsjbvjm Ťhbfm. Iba`Ťjldh ^`sbhm uą`tmflshm Ťhbfmu Ćdhbvgu '']ą`tmfl'', Wtlmpdj Crdjlmg (ur.), Ćdhbvmg, str.(40= - ;?4). (`zvbrj` zjdjstvmj` rda)

4;. Krmsfdumr J., H. Amf`ld, @. Emsdr`ĉ (;??>)<Hvdjt`tdt`vjm rdzf`hm `zemĔu shup`jd `sp`tdj`hd u Ťhbfshèdtfmtshè vdr`ldkfded. \kbrj`h rdabvd 4=. flmtjm Ťhbfmh`jmz`bfbid Crvdtshm, [bv`jl, ;?-;1. f`pjld ;??>. (ur. ^.N`jadh). \dirmk< Crvdtsh` h`jmz`bfbŤh` sdvmz, str. (31-39).(zjdjstvmj` rda)

47. J`hbf`ĉ @., J. Krmsfdumr , ^. Cbrvdt, E. Lurą`ĉ (;??9)<]hfluąmjbst u spbrt ` spbrtshm dht`vjbst` stuamjdtd]ą`tmflshbi ndhuftmtd ‗Wrma`Ťtd u Ćdhbvgu. \kbrj`h rdabvd

^@@. Hbjnmrmjg`lm b Ťpbrtu [\ Dfpm ‗Ldardj, Bpdt`ld, str.(409-;?=). (zjdjstvmj` rda)

41. Cbrvdt ^., J. Krmsfdumr, H. _fmtmjdg (;??9)< Qcm@epdpdgt bn H`jms`bfbi`gdf Qrmdtemjt bj Amvmfbpbemjt bn

Wpmg`n`g Ebtbr Dk`f`f`t`ms bn _rmsgcbbf Dim Gc`farmj. \kbrj`h rdabvd 4. EmĔujdrbajm hbjnmrmjg`lm bjdprmajè `strdź`vdjlèd, \dadr str. (444-44>).

http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?&rad=493845







7>>

(zjdjstvmj` rda)4=. Krmsfdumr J., @. J`hbf`ĉ, E. \mjidf (;??9)< Djtcrbpbemtr`g Gcdrdgtmr`st`gs bn 1 dja = ymdr bfaGc`harmj Dntmr @epfmemjt`ji _cyss`gdf dja CmdftcMaugdt`bj Aur`ji Bjm _rmsgcbbf Pmdr . \kbrj`h rdabvd 4.EmĔujdrbajm hbjnmrmjg`lm b jdprmajè `strdź`vdjlèd,\dadr str.(473-414). (zjdjstvmj` rda)

4>. Krmsfdumr J., @. J`hbf`ĉ, ^. Cbrvdt (;??9)< Wtmffujijdcemj

amr Wtua`mrmjamj amj hþrpmrf`gcmj Ökujimj imimjökmr `j

Kmzuji dun `crmj @jamhs amr hþrpmrf`gcmj Edλm. Hutdtäsbh,Dzmþtvþs L÷zsmn NŔ`shbfäj, Kdld ^ärbs ;??9. (ur. E. Läjbs),117-110. (zjdjstvmj` rda)

49. Krmsfdumr, J., @. J`hbf`ĉ, H. ŵ`vą`ĉ (;??3). Nmedfmstuamjts' bp`j`bjs dkbut suklmgt h`jms`bfbi`gdf Gufturm `jrmfdt`bj w`tc tcm`r pcys`gdf dgt`v`ty pdrt`g`pdt`bj. ]< @._rshdfb ` sur. (ur.), ;. EmĔujdrbajd hbjnmrmjg`ld bjdprmajè ` sustdvjè `strdź`vdjlèd ‗ Qcm ;ja@jtmrjdt`bjdf Gbjnmrmjgm bj Davdjgms dja Wystmes[msmdrgc, 4;.-4>.44.;??3., \dardr, Crvdtshd8 ;ja

Wpmg`df Nbgus Wyepbsùe bj H`jms`bfbi`gdf Maugdt`bj ‗ tcm djswmr bn tcm gbjtmepbrdry sgcbbf, 47.-41.44.;??3.,\dardr, Crvdtshd 8 str. 7;-73. (_rmtcbajb pr`bpĉmjlm)

43. J`hbf`ĉ, @.8 @. Kbhbr8 J. Krmsfdumr (;??3). ]tlmgdlmhspmrèmjtdfjbi trmtedjd jd jmhm ebtbr`ąhmspbsbkjbst` uąmj`hd ąmtvrtbi rdzrmad bsjbvjm Ťhbfm //\kbrj`h rdabvd 49. flmtjm Ťhbfm h`jmz`bfbid [mpukf`hmCrvdtshm / Jmfldh, Kbr`s (ur.). _brmą< Crvdtsh` h`jmz`bfbŤh`sdvmz, ;??3. 4=1-4=9. (zjdjstvmj` rda)

40. J`hbf`ĉ @.8 J. Krmsfdumr 8 ŵ. Hjbh8 H. _fmtmjdg,(;??3).@J^BF^MEMJQ BN _[MWGCBBF GC@FA[MJ @JW_B[QW DGQ@^@Q@MW< _D[MJQW‐ ^@MYW DJAB_@J@BJW // Qcm ;ja @jtmrjdt`bjdf Gbjnmrmjgm bj

Davdjgms dja Wystmes [msmdrgc - ;ja Wpmg`df NbgusWyepbsùe bj H`jms`bfbi`gdf Maugdt`bj - tcm djswmr bntcm gbjtmepbrdry sgcbbf / _rshdfb, N`jadh, Wtrmf (ur.).\dimk< Qcm Murbpmdj Davdjgma dja Wystmes [msmdrgcGmjtrm, ;??3. 437-40? (`zvbrj` zjdjstvmj` rda)

;?. J`hbf`ĉ, @. @. Kbhbr, J. Krmsfdumr (;??0). A`nnmrmjgms`j ebtbr dja nujgt`bjdf dk`f`t`ms kmtwmmj tdkfm tmjj`spfdymrs dja 41-ymdr- bfa stuamjts // H`jms`bfbi`gdfmaugdt`bj ‗ cmda`ji tbwdras tcm nuturm / _rshdfb, @vdj8N`jadh, ^fdaè`r8 Ldjhb, Wtrmf (ur.).\dirmk< ]ą`tmflsh`ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku, ;??0. 49;-493(zjdjstvmj` rda)

;4. Krmsfdumr, J., D. Lmfmj`ĉ (;??;)< _rbirde`rdjlm rdad

u spbrtshè `zvdjjdstdvjè dht`vjbstèd u ůůH ''Ćdh'' @@.Bsjbvjm Ťhbfm Ćdhbvmg. \kbrj`h rdabvd 44. flmtjm Ťhbfmh`jmz`bfbid [C, [bv`jl, (ur. ^. N`jadh), str. (;4=-;4>).

;;. Lmfmj`ĉ, D., J. Krmsfdumr (;??1)< Wpbrtshbrmhrmdg`lshm dht`vjbst` u uaruz` zd pbebĉ bsbkded semjtdfjbe rmtdradg`lbe u EmĔèurshbl źupdj`l`. \kbrj`hrdabvd Wpbrt bsbkd s `jvdfà`tmtbe u rmpukf`g` Crvdtshbl,Qbpushb, str. (443- 4;?).

;7. Krmsfdumr, J., @. Emsdr`ĉ, D. Lmfmj`ĉ (;??1)< _f`vdjlmu jdstdv` tlmfmsjm ` zardvstvmjm hufturm jd ^`sbhbluą`tmflshbl Ťhbf` u Ćdhbvgu. Ifdsj`h Crvdtshbi sdvmzdspbrtshm rmhrmdg`lm ''Wpbrt zd svm'', [bv`jl, (10-=?).

;1. Krmsfdumr, J., @. Emsdr`ĉ, D. Lmfmj`ĉ (;??=)< Jmhm

aèmjz`lm djtrbpbfbŤhbi stdtusd stuamjdtd prvm iba`jm^` sbhm uą`tmflshm Ťhbfm u Ćdhbvgu. Iba`Ťjldh ^`sbhmuą`tmflshm Ťhbfm u Ćdhbvgu '']ą`tmfl'', Wtlmpdj Crdjlmg


























7>9

(ur.), Ćdhbvmg, str. (4>0-497). (struąj` rda).;=. Krmsfdumr J., D. Lmfmj`ĉ, @. J`hbf`ĉ (;??>)< Bkuhd

jmpf`vdąd jd ^]ů-u Ćdhbvmg. Wpbrt zd svm ‗Ćdsbp`s Edf`FbŤ`jl, =.-9. f`stbpdad ;??>. str (7;- 77).

;>. Jbvbsmf E., D. Ardi`ĉ, J. Krmsfdumr (;??>)<_rbebg`ld pf`vdjld hrbz cuedj`tdrj` prblmht pf`vdjlme absvlmtfbst`. Wpbrt zd svm ‗Ćdsbp`s Edf` FbŤ`jl, =.-9.

f`stbpdad ;??>. str(10-=?).;9. H`Ť-Jbvdh A., J. Krmsfdumr (;??>)< @ird u pr`rba` hdb

zdv`ądlj` àmjt`tmt. \dv`ądljbst, ifbkdf`zdg`ld ` Ťhbfd,zkbrj`h rdabvd Ibsp`ĉ 7. adj` Djtm Wtdrąmv`ĉd str. (414-413).

;3. Lmfmj`ĉ D., @. Emsdr`ĉ, J. Krmsfdumr (;??>)< Jdv`hm ``jtmrms` stuamjt`gd v`sbhm uą`tmflshm Ťhbfm prmedt lmfmsjbe vlmźkdjlu. Iba`Ťjldh ^`sbhm uą`tmflshm Ťhbfm uĆdhbvgu '']ą`tmfl'', Wtlmpdj Crdjlmg(ur.), Ćdhbvmg, str.(439 -407).

;0. Krmsfdumr J., @. _bflsh`, @. J`hbf`ĉ (;??9)< Qlmfmsjddht`vjbst- zardv jdą`j ź`vbtd almgm. Iba`Ťjldh ^`sbhmuą`tmflshm Ťhbfm u Ćdhbvgu '']ą`tmfl'', Ćdhbvmg, str. (;04 ‗

;09)7?. Krmsfdumr J., H`Ť-Jbvdh, A. (;??9)< _blebv` `z

zdv`ądld u ìr` u Ťhbf` u pr rba`. A`lmtm ` lmz`h adjds,zkbrj`h rdabvd s emĔujdrbajbi struąjbi ` zjdjstvmjbishupd Ćdhbvmg-Bs`lmh, ğurb Kfdźmhd (ur.), str.(9;-90)

74. ůèbjmh-\mjidf E., J. Krmsfdumr (;??9)< Djdf`zdrdzf`hd u jmhè djtrbpbfbŤhè bk`flmźlèd uąmj`hduąmj`ąhbi abed u Hr`źmvgèd jdhbj lmajbiba`Ťjlmisualmfbvdjld u mhspmrèmjtdfjbe prbirdeu. \kbrj`hrdabvd, Wpbrt zd svm u nujhg`l` ujdprmĔmjld hvdf`tmtmź`vbtd. H`jmz`bfbŤh` ndhuftmt Wvmuą`f`Ťtd u \dirmku, str(1;9-17;).

7;. Krmsfdumr, J., J. Krmsfdumr (;??3 ). _fmsjm struhturm

u vrt`ĉu. JMBW ; Lburjdf bn Jmw Qrmja s`j Maugdt`bj

]ą`tmflsh` ndhuftmt- _baruźj`gd u Ćdhbvgu str (449-4;?).77. _fmtmjdg, H., J. Krmsfdumr (;??3). ]fbid ema`ld `

baibl zd barź`v` rdzvbl almgm prmaŤhbfshm abk`. Glmfbź`vbtjb uąmjlm zd barź`v` rdzvbl ‗svmzdh ;Wvmuą`f`Ťtm u [`lmg` ‗ ]ą`tmflsh` ndhuftmt u [`lmg` (ur^.]zmfdg, F. ûl`ą`ĉ) [`lmhd ;??3. ;70-;11. (zjdjstvmj`rda).

71. Krmsfdumr, J.8 E. \mijdf, E. E`Ťądjąuh (;??0).W_B[Q DW DJ MA]GDQ@BJDF NDGQB[ DEBJIGC@FA[MJ DJA PB]QC. Bkrdzbvdjlm zd cuedjbaruŤtvb. ]j`vmrz`tmt –‐Wv. Ć`r`f Emtba`l‐‐ Whbpflm. _madibŤh`ndhuftmt. Bcrà ;3.-;0. ?=. ;?4?., str. 41.

7=. \mijdf, E.8 J. Krmsfdumr (;??0) BK]HD ALMGMJM_F@^DĆD MFMEMJQ@ED EMQBAM DID\\@ // \kbrj`hrdabvd 43. flmtjm Ťhbfm h`jmz`bfbid [mpukf`hm Crvdtshm -Emtba`ąh` bridj`zdg`lsh` bkf`g` rdad u pbaruąlèdmauhdg`lm, spbrtd, spbrtshm rmhrmdg`lm ` h`jmz`tmrdp`lm/Jmfldh, Kbr`s (ur.). \dirmk< Crvdtsh` h`jmz`bfbŤh` sdvmz,;??0. =7>-=147>. .\mijdf,E., J. Krmsfdumr (;?4?). QCM

@E_FMEMJQDQ@BJ BN KDW@G DQCFMQ@G IDEMW@J]J@^M[W@QP FM^MF _CPW@GDF Q[D@J@JI, \kbrj`hrdabvd @jtmrjdt`bjdf Wg`mjt`n`g Gbjnmrmgm_cy`s`gdfdgt`v`ty nbr mvmrybjm. Kmfirdam 4?.-44. prbs`jgd ;?4?.

]j`vmrs`ty bn Kmfirdam, Ndgufty bn Wpbrt dja _cys`gdfMaugdt`bj. Wtdjè`r Wtbl`fhbv`ĉ (ur.) Kmbirda, (94).








7>3



7>0

ŵ`vbtbp`s \fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ

\fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ lm rbĔmj 44. s`lmąjld 4019. iba`jm u KrbĔdjgèd, Bpĉ`jd K`zbvdg, [mpukf`hd Crvdtshd,zdvrŤ`b lm bsjbvju Ťhbfu u KrbĔdjgèd, tmsrmajlu tmcj`ąhu Ťhbfu u Bs`lmhu. Jdhbj edturm up`sdb lm stua`l mfmhtrbtmcj`hm jd ]j`vmrz`tmtu u Jbvbe Wdau, tm a`pfbe`rdb 409?. Iba`jm.

Iba`jm 4097. up`sdb lm stua`l mhbjbe`lm jd Mhbjbeshbe ndhuftmtu Wvmuą`f`Ťtd Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu ` jd jlmeu a`pfbe`rdb 4099.

Jd `stbe ndhuftmtu 4090. iba`jm up`sdb pbsf`lma`pfbesh` stua`l `z pbaruą ld ‖_bsfbvjd pbf`t`hd― ` zdvrŤ`b id 403;. Iba`jm<

Jd Mhbjbeshbe ndhuftmtu Wvmuą`f`Ťtd Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu usplmŤjb lm 44. trdvjld 400>. iba`jm bkrdj`b abhtbrshu a`smrtdg`lu

‖N`jdjg`rdjlm `strdź`vdąhb-rdzvbljbi rdad u `jvmst`g`lshb-usfuźjè almfdtjbstèd hdb tmemflj` ąèkmj`h pbsfbvjm strdtmi`lm―. Wvblm tmemfljb

bkrdzbvdjlm upbtpuj`b lm spmg`ldf`st`ąhè tmądlmvèd pr` _madibŤhbe ndhuftmtu u [`lmg , tm stua`lshè kbrdvgèd jd v Ťm svlmtsh`c svmuą`f`Ťtd u

]WD (Wtdjnbra-Wtdjnbra, Krmhmfmy-Wdj Nrdjg`shb), u Hdjda` (]j`vmrs`ty Kr`t`sgc Gbfuek`d - ^djgbuvmr) ` Jlmedąhbl (_nbrzcmè ` Cmàmfkmri), tm

aruiè v`sbhè Ťhbfded, d jd auźbl spmg`ldf`zdg`l` u Y`rtsgcdnts ]j`vmrz`tmtu jd @jst`tutu zd edfd pbauzmĉd u Kmąu ` pr` aruiè struąjè `

zjdjstvmjè uaruided, tm u pbzjdtè tvrthded ‖Ebjt`ji-Ebjtdim― ` ‖Kdu-ebjtdim― `z Kmąd, Dustr`ld.

_badstr`lmt` pbadg` b Ťhbfbvdjlu pbhdzulu ad \fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ èd zdvrŤmjd avd stua`ld - mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ` mhbjbesh`, ad lm zdvrŤ`b mhbjbesh`

pbsf`lma`pfbesh` stua`l `z pbaruą ld pbsfbvjm pbf`t`hm, tm stmhdb abhtbrdt mhbjbesh`c zjdjbst`, bajbsjb ad èd stupjlmvm edi`strd ` abhtbrd `z

pbaruą ld aruŤtvmj`c zjdjbst`, zjdjstvmjbi pbfld mhbjbe`lm, jd hblèd sm lm lbŤ ` abpujsh` bspbsbkfldvdb.

Q`lmhbe absdadŤjlmi rdadjbi v`lmhd prmafbźmj`h lm rda`b jd sflmamĉè pbsfbvèd<

ba 409? ab 409= u Qmcj`ąhbl Ťhbf` hdb srmajlmŤhbfsh` prbnmsbr, ba 409= ab 4093 u Gdr`jdrj`g` Bs`lmh hdb `jspmhtbr,

ba 4093 ab 403? u MQ\-u hdb strdź`vdą trź`Ťtd, ba 403? ab ;??7 tvrth` Mfmhtrbemtdf hdb ifdvj` a`rmhtbr bajbsjb prmaslmaj`h ]prdvm(ba 400;-;??7),

ba ;??7 ab ;??= hdb pbebĉj`h a`rmhtbrd zd rdzvbl ` prmaslmaj`h Jdazbrjbi bakbrd tvrthm, ba ;??; lm zdpbsfmj ` jd IrdĔmv`jshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu d dht`vjb prmadlm ` jd Mfmhrbtmcj`ąhbe ndhuftmtu d surdĔulm ` sd

Mhbjbeshè ndhuftmtbe u Bs`lmhu, tm rda` jd mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`, tm jmhè v`sbhbŤhbfshè ustdjbvded u jbzmestvu..

] jdstdvjbl almfdtjbst` èd sflmamĉd `shustvd<

ba 4003 ` sdad prmadlm Edjdimemjt ` Mhbjbe`hu pbauzmtj`Ťtvd jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`, ba ;??? lm abgmjt ba ;??1 `zvdjrmaj` prbnmsbr `z prmaemtd Edrhmt`ji jd IrdĔmv`jshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu,d prmadlm ` _bsfbvdj lm

pbauzmĉd, ba ;??; ` sdad prmadlm Edjdimemjt ` Mhbjbe`hu jd Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąhbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu,

Q`lmhbe Ťhbfshm iba`jm ;??7/;??1 ` adflm lm jd pbsf`lma`pfbeshè stua`l ed ialm lm prmadvdb Wtrdtmi`lsh` edjdimemjt jdMhbjbeshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu, tm Edrhmt`ji jd IrdĔmv`jshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu ` Edjdimemjt tmcj`ąh`c sustdvd jdMfmhtrbtmcj ąhbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu.K`b lm ibstuluĉ` prbnmsbr u jbzmestvu.

\fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ lm jmprmhàjb zdpbsfmj ba 409?. iba`jm. Wvblu lm rdaju hdr`lmju zdpbąmb hdb srmajlbŤhbfsh` prbnmsbr ` vba`tmfl prdht`ąhmjdstdvm jd Mfmhtrbemtdfshbe Ťhbfshbe gmjtru u Bs`lmhu (ba 409?. ab hrdld 409=. iba`jm), df` ` hdb vdjlsh` surdaj`h jd aruiè srmajlè

Ťhbfded. ] rdzabkflu ba 409=. ab hrdld 403?. iba`jm rda` u ibspbadrstvu jd vdjlshb-tribv`jshè prblmhtjè pbsfbvèd (Mhbjbeshb- tmcj`ąh` zdvba uBs`lmhu, tm Arźdvjd sfuźkd - gdr`jd).

Ba 403?. iba`jm u svblstvu a`rmhtbrd rda` u mfmhtrbtmcj`ąhbe pbauzmĉu ‖Mfmhtrbemtdf― `z Bs`lmhd, d jdhbj prmtvbrkm `stbi, tl. ba 400;. iba`jm

hdb prmaslmaj`h uprdvm, hblu auźjbst lm bkjdŤdb ab ;??7 d bjad lm `zdkrdj zd prmaslmaj`hd Jdazbrjbi bakbrd..

_ba jlmibvè vbastvbe - t`lmhbe hblmi lm pbalmajdhu pdźjlu pbsvmĉ`vdb ifbkdfjbe rdzvblu, edrhmt`jiu, bridj`zdg`l` rdad ` pbsfbvdjld, tmrdzvblu prb`zvbad ` usfuid - lm pbsfbvjd tvrthd ‖Mfmhtrbemtdf― `z Bs`lmhd v`Ťmstruhb uejbź`fd svbl pbąmtj` hdp`tdf, a`jde`ąh` ushfdĔ`vdfd svblualmfdtjbst s rmgmjtjè pbtrmkded trź`Ťtd, tm - ujdtbą vrfb jdifdŤmjè prbkfmeèd u ibspbadrshbe bhruźmjlu - sv`c prbtmhf`c iba`jd pbsfbvdfd

usplmŤjb, tl. bstvdr`vdfd zjdądlju abk`t.

Qdhvb vbĔmjlm pbsfbvjm tvrthm ‖Mfmhtrbemtdf― abj`lmfb lm prmafbźmj`hu zdvàdj pbsfbvj` uifma ` bsìurdfb eu stdtus stdfjbi suashbi vlmŤtdhd upbsfbvjè spbrbvèd ` rmputdg`lu usplmŤjbi stmądljbi uprdv`tmfld, hbl` lm svblè rdabe bebiuĉ`b `zfdz `z tmŤhbĉd ejbiè tvrthded.

Bsè ruhbvbĔmjld pbauzmĉme k`b lm u jmhbf`hb jdvrdtd stmądlj` uprdv`tmfl ` ąfdj Jdazbrjbi bakbrd. ] tbe se`sfu lm tvrthd IrdĔmv`jdr -ûhbvdr,

tm _drh-A.E`cbfldg `z`Ťf` `z stmądld putme prmustrbld d Wbfus-^fda`sfdvg` usplmŤjb pr`vdt`z`rdj. ]z tb jmhbf`hb tvrth` su zdvrŤ`f` stmądl pujèbkmŤtmĉmjlme rdaj`hd ` vlmrbvj`hd(Qrdjspbtr-Cbfa`ji \dirmk).Hdb auibiba`Ťjl` ibspbadrstvmj`h ąfdj lm v`Ťm nbrued u shfbpu Crvdtshmibspbadrshm hbebrm

\d pbsfbvjm rmzuftdtm tvrhd Mfmhtrbemtdf abk`fd lm _fdhmtu Crvdtshm ibspbadrshm hbebrm d bsbkjb lm jdirdĔmj sd jdirdabe ‚_mądt irdadBs`lmhd, Wpbemj`gbe abebv`jshm zdcvdfjbst`, tm j`zbe arui`c ibspbadrsh`c aruŤtvmj`c pr`zjdjld.\fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ lm dht`vj` ąfdj vmĉmi krbld zjdstvmj`c ` struąj`c aruŤtdvd, hdb Ťtb su Crvdtshb AruŤtvb Mhbjbe`std,G[B-ED[,Crvdtshb AruŤtvbzd sustdvm, Crvdtshb AruŤtvb Barźdvdtmfld ` Crvdtshb aruŤtvb mfmhtrb `jźmjlmrd.. Bsè tbid v`Ťm iba`jd lm ąfdj u v`lmĉèd jd rdzf`ą`tèstupjlmvèd u Crvdtshbl Ibspbadrshbl Hbebr`. ] ]aruźmjlu pbsfbadvdgd sm jdfdz`b ba adjd bsj`vdjld tbid ]aruźmjld.\d svbl abpr`jbssurdajl` zemĔu ibspbadrstvd zjdjbst` ;??? iba`jm lm zdkrdj u ]prdvjb v`lmĉm Wvmuą`f`Ťtd L.L. strbsedymrd u Bs`lmhu.

_rmtmźjd zjdjstvmjb-`strdź`vdąhd dht`vjbst ar.sg. \fdthd Fdghbv`ĉd, vmzdjd lm uz `strdź`vdjlm bk`flmźld ` prbkfmed rmgmjtjm pbsfbvjm prdhsm, tm

bkf`hbvdjlm ` prèlmju jbv`c emtbad edrhmt`jid, bridj`zdg`lm, uprdvfldjld ` n`jdjg`rdjld u spmg`n`ąjbe usfuźjbe pbaruąlu barźdvdjld, hblm u

struhtur` jdrbajbi ibspbadrstvd bsìurdvd ibtbvb trmĉ`ju aruŤtvmjbi prb`zvbad.

Aruid `strdź`vdąhd prmbhupdg`ld eu lm pbauzmtj`ąhb, tmcjbfbŤhb ` arui` dspmht` surdajlm smhtbrd usfuid s irdĔmv`jdrstvbe, hblm zd pbsfbvju

tvrthu hblbe lm ruhbvba`b s edrhmt`jŤhbi stdldf`Ťtd prmastdvfld zjdądlj` trź`Ťj` smiemjt. Bsè tbid u zdajl`c jmhbf`hb iba`jd lm pbaruą lm `strdź`vdjld bpfmemj`b s jmhbf`hb rdabvd `z pbaruą ld pbflbpr`vrmam tm lm dutbr hjlìm(

hbdutbrstvb) `z Mhbjbe`hm vbĉdrstvd, v`jbirdadrstvd ` v`jdrstvd. Bsbk`t` `jtmrms lm pbhdzdb zd rdzvbl edfbi pbauzmtj`Ťtvd ialm lm k`b `zdkrdj zd

stdfjbi sdvlmtj`hd u bridj`zdg`l` Crvdtshm uaruim pbsfbadvdgd ` E`j`stdrstvd ibspbadrstvd.



79?

Jdvmamjd pbaruą ld prmastdvfldlu tmemflj` bhv`r svè jlmibvè bkldvflmjè rdabvèd ` prdtmĉè dht`vjbstèd, hblm bkucvdĉdlu< v`Ťm zjdjsvmj`c

rdabvd bkldvflmj`c u zkbrj`gèd s emĔujdrbaj`c zjdjstvmj`c shupbvd, u ądsbp`sèd hbl` su pb vrsjbĉ` `zlmajdąmj` s ądsbp`sèd s

emĔujdrbajbe rmgmjz`lbe, zjdjstvmj`c rdabvd bkldvflmj`c u abedĉè ądsbp`sèd sd sualmfbvdjlme jd zjdjstvmjè shupbvèd, tm

bkldvflmjm struąjm rdabvm.Wvmuhupjb lm bkldv`b 9? zjdjstvmj`c ` struąj`c rdabvd d sfuź` sm jlmedąhè , mjifmshè ` Ťpdjlbfshè d jmŤtb sfdk`lmedaźdrshè ` cmkrmlshè lmz`hbe .

Ab sdad lm hdb dutbr,sudutbr `f` rmadhtbr, bkldv`b sflmamĉm hjlìm ` pukf`hdg`lm<

4. Edfb pbauzmĉm u uvlmtèd trdjz`g`lm-dutbr-^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`, ;. Mhbjbe`ld vbĉdrshm v`jbirdadrshb-v`jdrshm prb`zvbajlm-sudutbr-^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` 7. Mhbjbe`hd mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh`c pbauzmĉd-sudutbr-Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, 1. Edjdimemjt edfbi pbauzmĉd-dutbr-IrdĔmv`jsh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, =. ]vba u mhbjbe`hu edjdimemjt-shr`ptd-dutbr-Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu,>. Edrhmt`ji u irdĔmv`jdrstvu-dutbr-IrdĔmv`jsh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, 9. Edjdimemjt tmcj`ąh`c sustdvd-dutbr-Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu,

3. Barźdvdjlm tmcj`ąh`c sustdvd-dutbr-Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, 0. Mfmhtrb edrhmt`ji-dutbr-Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu,

4?. Bsjbvm strdtmŤhbi edrhmt`jid-sudutbr-^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi`, 44. Mhbjbe`hd irdĔmv`jsh`c pbauzmĉd-shr`ptd-dutbr-IrdĔmv`jsh` ndhuftmt u

Bs`lmhu,

4;. ]prdvfldjlm irdĔmv`jshè pbauzmĉme-shr`ptd-dutbr,IrdĔmv`jsh` ndhuftmt uBs`lmhu

47. Hbjhurmjtjbst irdĔmv`jsh`c pbauzmĉd-shr`ptd-dutbr-IrdĔmv`jsh` ndhuftmt u

Bs`lmhu,41. Emjdaźemjt mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh`c almfdtjbst`-shr`ptd-dutbr,Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh`Ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu,

4=. @jźmjlmrsh` emjdaźemjt-dutbr- Mfmhtrbtmcj`ąh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu

4>. Butsburg`ji u barźdvdjlu- dutbr- ( u `zadjlu)- IrdĔmv`jsh` ndhuftmt uBs`lmhu.

Iba`jm ;???. iba`jm lm `zdkrdj ` u ąfdjstvb ]prdvjbi v`lmĉd Wvmuą`f`Ťtd LL Wtrbsedymrd u Bs`lmhu. Ab sdad lm bkldv`b v`Ť ba stbt`ju zjdstvmj`c `

struąj`c rdabvd u rdzjè pukf`hdg`lded. ] zjdjstvmjbe se`sfu absdad lm 4003 iba`jm k`b `zdkrdj zd abgmjtd jd IrdĔmv`jshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu `z prmaemtd Edrhmt`ji d u shfbpuzjdjstvmjbi pbfld Mhbjbe`lm ` irdjm Edjdimemjt ` uprdvfldjlm d ;??1 iba`jm lm `zdkrdj zd `zvdjrmajbi prbnmsbrd, tm lm stdfjb zdpbsfmj jd

`stbe ndhuftmtu. Iba`jm ;?44 lm `zdkrdj zd rmabv`tbi prbnmsbrd jd IrdĔmv`jshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu. Bsè tbid, jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` lm;?4? `zdkrdj zd prbnmsbrd ^`sbhlm Ťhbfm u trdljbe zvdjlu d trmjutdąjb lm prbnmsbr d k`b lm ` sdvlmtj`h amhdjd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` d ba ;??=ab ;?4; ` ąfdj ]prdvjbi v`lmĉd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _b`źmi`.

Bs`lmh,?1.44.;?47. iba`jm

_rbn,.ar.sg. \fdthb Fdghbv`ĉ

Abg. ar. sg. Aukrdvhd Edcdąmh, a`pf. bmg. sm rba`fd 1. trdvjld 40>3. u _bźmi`, ialm lm zdvrŤ`fd `srmajlu Mhbjbeshu Ťhbfu.400?. lm a`pfbe`rdfd jd Mhbjbeshbe ndhuftmtu u Bs`lmhu, selmr n`jdjg`lm rdąujbvbastvb.4004. sm zdpbsf`fd hdb jdstdvj`h mhbjbeshm irupm prmaemtd jd Gmjtru zd uselmrmjb

bkrdzbvdjlm, u bhv`ru hblmid jdstdlm Mhbjbeshd Ťhbfd u _bźmi`, ialm rda` ab hbjgd ;??>., tm

stlmąm abpujshb pmadibŤhb-ps`cbfbŤhb bkrdzbvdjlm.

Ba 4009. lm zdpbsfmjd u Arźdvjbe urmau zd rmv`z`lu, _baruąj` urma _bźmid, jd rdajbe elmstuarźdvjbi rmv`zbrd. 4003. lm zdvrŤ`fd pbsf`lma`pfbesh` stua`l Mhbjbeshbi ndhuftmtd Wvmuą`f`Ťtd Lbs`pd LurldWtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu, tm pbstdlm edi`stdr mhbjbesh`c zjdjbst`. Bkrdj`fd lm edi`stdrsh` rda

pba jdsfbvbe< \jdądlhm ` pbfbźdl Arźdvjm rmv`z`lm u [mpukf`g` Crvdtshbl.Ba ;??4., tm svm ab adjds lm uhfluąmjd u `zvbĔmjlm jdstdvj`c dht`vjbst` jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`,jd hblmeu lm ;??=. `zdkrdjd u jdsfbvjb jdstdvjb zvdjlm prmadvdą zd zjdjstvmjb pbaruąlmaruŤtvmj`c zjdjbst`, pbflm mhbjbe`ld, irdjd n`jdjg`lm.

;??=. pbstdlm v`Ť` arźdvj` rmv`zbr u Arźdvjbe urmau zd rmv`z`lu.

;??9. jd Mhbjbeshbe ndhuftmtu Wvmuą`f`Ťtd Lbs`pd Lurld Wtrbssedymrd u Bs`lmhu lm bkrdj`fdabhtbrshu a`smrtdg`lu pba jdz`vbe< ]fbid ` zjdąmjlm Arźdvjm rmv`z`lm u jdazbru n`jdjg`rdjld `hbr`Ťtmjld srmastdvd jd rdz`j` lma`j`gd fbhdfjm pbaruąjm (rmi`bjdfjm) sdebuprdvm.



794

;?4?. lm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` `zdkrdjd jdsfbvjb jdstdvjb zvdjlm v`Ť` prmadvdą zd

zjdjstvmjb pbaruąlm aruŤtvmj`c zjdjbst`, pbflm mhbjbe`ld, irdjd n`jdjg`lm. ;?4?. lm u hbdutbrstvu sd Grjhbv`ĉ, F., E`lbą, @. `zadfd svmuą`f`Ťj` uaźkmj`h< Bsjbvm rmv`z`lm,

Xrmgmjzmjt` ^fdaè`r Wrk, _mtdr _rbhf`j ` Ldsjd CbrvdtU8 Mhbjbesh` ndhuftmt u Bs`lmhu, @WKJ 093-

0=7-;=7-?93-?, (1?= strdj`gd).

;?44., jd tmemflu bafuhm ifdvjbi arźdvjbi rmv`zbrd, pbstdlm zdelmj`h u _bvlmrmjstvu zdpbfdidjlm `sp`td zd zvdjlm bvfdŤtmjbid arźdvjbi rmv`zbrd.;?47. lm `zdkrdjd u zjdjstvmjb zvdjlm zjdjstvmjbi surdaj`hd u zjdjstvmjbe pbaruąluaruŤtvmj`c zjdjbst` ‗ pbflm mhbjbe`lm, tm jdsfbvjb zjdjstvmjb-jdstdvjb zvdjlm abgmjtd `z

zjdjstvmjbi pbaruąld AruŤtvmj`c zjdjbst`, zjdjstvmjbi pbfld mhbjbe`ld, zjdjstvmjm irdjmrdąujbvbastvb.

] t`lmhu sualmfbvdjld u jdstdvjbe prbgmsu jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`, bkdv`fd lm emjtbrstvb zd

;= zdvrŤj`c (a`pfbesh`c) rdabvd stuamjdtd `z pbaruąld n`jdjg`ld jd struąjè stua`lèd[dąujbvbastvb ` Qribv`jd, tm pmt zdvrŤj`c (a`pfbesh`c) rdabvd `z hbfmi`ld N`jdjg`rdjlm tribv`jmhbl` sm `zvba` u bhv`ru avbiba`Ťjlmi spmg`ldf`st`ąhbi a`pfbeshbi struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jshb

pbsfbvdjlm.Hdb vba`tmfl tèd u bkdvfldjlu rmv`z`lm barmĔmjd lm ` emjtbrbe u rmv`z`l` zd pr`prmeupbfdidjld `sp`td zd bvfdŤtmjbid arźdvjbi rmv`zbrd zd lmajbi pr`stupj`hd. Wualmfbvdfd lm u lmajbe zjdjstvmjbe prblmhtu. Bkldv`fd lm ;4 rda (struąj`c ` zjdjstvmj`c), tm

svmuą`f`Ťj` uaźkmj`h.



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704

`) J dą`j prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm usplmŤjbst` `zvmakm stua`lshbi prbirded tm jdą`j

sualmfbvdjld u bglmjl`vdjlu stua`lshbi prbirded

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm, suhfdajb prbp`sèd ustdjbvm hbl` bsìurdvdlu, prdtm ` vrmajulu rdz`ju sustdvdbsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm (_rdv`fj`h b ustrblu ` almfbvdjlu sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm jd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` ` _r`ruąj`h zd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm tm Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm) `zrdĔulm pfdj

dht`vjbst` hbl` bkucvdĉd svm jdvmamjm strdtmŤhm prdvgm ` pbaruąld bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm. _fdjdht`vjbst` ldsjb amn`j`rd f`stu dht`vjbst`, suhfdajb bglmj` trmjutjbi stdjld ` zdadjè strdtmŤhèg`flmvèd hvdf`tmtm, elmrfl`vm pbhdzdtmflm usplmŤjbst`, bsbkm baibvbrjm zd jl`cbvu prbvmaku `rbh prbvmakm. @zvlmŤtdl b `zvrŤmjlu pfdjd dht`vjbst` sdarź` djdf`zu usplmŤjbst` dht`vjbst`, bglmjuuą`jhbv`tbst` pr`lmafbi elmrd zd pbkbflŤdjlm sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm.

_bvlmrmjstvb zd ujdprmĔ`vdjlm ` bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm, ą`ld lm struąjd ` sdvlmtbadvjd ufbidbp`sdjd u _rdv`fj`hu b ustrblu ` almfbvdjlu sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm, sualmfulm u `zrda`

strdtmŤh`c abhuemjtd hvdf`tmtm ` prbp`sd zd bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm, prmafdźm Wtruąjbe v`lmĉuiba`Ťjl` pfdj elmrd ` dht`vjbst` zd prbvbĔmjlm ` ujdprmĔmjlm sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd tm pbajbs` Wtruąjbe v`lmĉu @zvlmŤĉm b prbvmamjè elmrded pbkbflŤdjld suhfdajbpfdju dht`vjbst` zd hdfmjadrshu iba`ju.

_rbamhdj zd jdstdvu ` prbąmfj`g` balmfd hbjt`ju`rdjb prdtm `zvmaku jdstdvj`c sdarźdld `djdf`z`rdlu `sp`tjm rmzuftdtm. W tè u vmz` barźdvdlu sm sdstdjg` ^`lmĉd balmfd tm pbauzèdlubaibvdrdluĉm elmrm rda` bthfdjldjld ubąmj`c jmabstdtdhd. Bsè ibrm jdvmamjbi, _rbamhdj zd

jdstdvu ` prbąmfj`g` balmfd bkdvfldlu ` pbarźdvdlu prbvmaku sflmamĉ`c dht`vjbst` < djdf`z`rdjlmjdstdvj`c sdarźdld, prdĉmjlm bptmrmĉmjld jdstdvj`hd, prmbkf`hbvdjlm ` abirdajld `jtmrjmtshm

strdj`gm mfmuą`f`Ťtd, rdzibvbr` s pblma`jè prmaemtjè jdstdvj`gèd b prbkfmeèd jd hblm su

u v`Ťm jdvrdtd upbzbr`f` prmastdvj`g` stuamjdtd, hbjt`ju`rdjb bkrdzbvdjlm jdstdvj`hd `surdaj`hd putme sme`jdrd, prmadvdjld tm zjdjstvmj`c shupbvd u zmefl` ` `jbzmestvu, adfljlu

`jnbredt`zdg`lu prmadvdbj`gd ` hbr`Ťtmjlm jdlsuvrmemj`l`c tmcjbfbi`ld u vmz` s pr`lmjbsbe

zjdjld tm jd abstupjbst `jnbredt`ąh`c uą`bj`gd svè stuamjtèd uz struąju pbebĉ. @zemĔu]prdvm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd ` prmastdvj`hd stuamjdtd pbstbl` trdljd hbeuj`hdg`ld ` bjd lm u pbsflmajlmvr`lmem `jtmjz`v`rdjd. \dctlmvèd stuamjdtd jdstbl` sm `zdĉ` u susrmt u Ťtb vmĉbl ebiuĉbl elmr`.] shfbpu prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm jdstdvjbi prbgmsd svdh` jdstdvj`h auźdj lm prbąmfj`hu balmfd jdhrdlu elmsmgd pbsfdt` u mfmhtrbjshbe bkf`hu pbpujlmj` mvàmjg`lsh` bkrdzdg.

] shfbpu bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm sv` jdstdvj`g` jbs`tmfl` hbfmi`ld abstdvfldlu prbamhdju zd jdstdvu

Amtdflj` `zvmakmj` pfdj hbfmi`ld jd bkrdsgu TW7-HB^@]-A@ ` bkldvflulm sm jd wmk strdj`g`

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd. Jdvmamj` abhuemjt sdarź`< g`flmvm hbfmi`ld, prmauvlmtm zd pbfdidjlm hbfmi`ld `

ufdzjm hbepmtmjg`lm hblm su pbtrmkjm zd hbfmi`l, sdarźdl hbfmi`ld amtdfljb rdzrdĔmj prmedsdtj`g` jdstdvm, vrstm `zvbĔmjld jdstdvm, bkvmzm stuamjdtd, jdą`j prdĉmjld rdad stuamjdtd,rdajb bptmrmĉmjlm stuamjdtd, bglmjl`vdjlm ` vrlmajbvdjlm rdad stuamjdtd t`lmhbe jdstdvm ` jd

zdvrŤjbe `sp`tu (zd rmabvjm ` `zvdjrmajm stuamjtm), bkvmzju ` abpujshu f`tmrdturu, jdą`j`prdĉmjld hvdf`tmtm hbl` bsìurdvdlu stlmgdjlm `zfdzj`c zjdjld, vlmŤt`jd ` hbepmtmjg`ld tm abadtjm`jnbredg`lm b hbfmi`lu. Amtdfljm `zvmakmjm pfdjbvm hbfmi`ld trmkdlu k`t` pbtvrĔmj` ba strdjm

prbąmfj`hd balmfd `/`f` prbamhdjd zd jdstdvu. Jdstdvj`g` su auźj` upbzjdt` stuamjtm s hr`tmr`lèd` jdą`jbe bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld rdad stuamjdtd, tm sm pràrźdvdt` amtdfljbi `zvmakmjbepfdjd t`lmhbe dhdameshm iba`jm.



70;

Bkldvbe _rdv`fj`hd, Hr`tmr`ld bglmjl`vdjld ` vrmajbvdjld `scbad uąmjld tm amtdflj`c `zvmakmj`cpfdjbvd hbfmi`ld bsìurdjd lm trdjspdrmjtjbst pbstuphd prbvlmrm scbad uąmjld.

Lmajbe iba`Ťjlm prbvba` sm jmbv`sjd ujutdrjld prbsuakd sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm

suhfdajb _rdv`fj`hu b pbstuphu ujutdrjlm pmr`ba`ąjm prbsuakm sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`. @zvlmŤĉm b ujutdrjlbl prbsuak` sustdvd bsìurdvdjld hvdf`tmtm

_bvlmrmjstvb abstdvfld Wtruąjbe v`lmĉu jd bą`tbvdjlm.

Iba`Ťjl` pfdjbv` dht`vjbst` ` `zvlmŤĉd b rmdf`zdg`l` strdtmŤh`c pfdjbvd bkldvflulu sm jd wmkstrdj`gded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd tm su abstupjd svè ujutdrjlè ` vdjlshè a`bj`gèd sustdvd.@zvlmŤtdvdjlm ujutdrjl`c a`bj`hd abadtjb sm prbvba` jd tmedtshè slmaj`gded Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd,^`lmĉd balmfd, sdstdjgèd sv`c zdpbsfmj`hd tm hbjt`ju`rdjè ` bridj`z`rdjè sdstdjgèd shfluąjè jbs`tmflèd dht`vjbst` (]prdvd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, pbvlmrmjstvd, stuamjtsh` zkbr, DF]EJ@ àr.)

Wtrdtmi`ld hvdf`tmtm ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd rmabv`tb sm prbsuĔulm ` pb pbtrmk` ushfdĔulm suhfdajb `shdzdjè

pbtrmkded.

Jd tmemflu ąfdjhd 1>. @ 09. Wtdtutd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, suhfdajb \dhbju b bsìurdvdjluhvdf`tmtm u zjdjbst` ` v`sbhbe bkrdzbvdjlu (JJ 1=/?0), ąfdjhu 43. _rdv`fj`hd b sdarźdluabpusj`gm tm uvlmtèd zd `zadvdjlm abpusj`gm zd bkdvfldjlm almfdtjbst` v`sbhbi bkrdzbvdjld,

`zvbĔmjlm stua`lshbi prbirded ` rmdhrma`tdg`lu v`sbh`c uą`f`Ťtd (JJ ;1/4?) ` _rdv`fj`hu b ustrblu àlmfbvdjlu sustdvd zd bsìurdjlm hvdf`tmtm jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`, d jd pr`lmafbi Wtruąjbiv`lmĉd, ]prdvjb v`lmĉm, jd 4=. slmaj`g` u dhdameshbl iba`j` ;?4;./47. barźdjbl ;1. sv`kjld ;?47.

abj`lmfb lm _rdv`fj`h b pbstuphu ujdprmĔ`vdjld stua`lsh`c prbirded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`. _rmed jdvmamjbe _rdv`fj`hu pr`lmafbi `zelmjd `/`f` abpujd stua`lshbi prbirded adlm Wtruąjbv`lmĉm `f` _bvlmrmjstvb zd pmr`ba`ąju rmv`z`lu stua`lsh`c prbirded `f` k`fb hbl` zdpbsfmj`h

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd, \d pbtrmkm pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm stua`lsh`c prbirded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm bsjbvdjb lm pbvlmrmjstvd zd

svdh` stua`lsh` prbirde hbld sm sdstblm ba pmt ąfdjbvd< prbamhdjd zd jdstdvu, prbąmfj`hd balmfd,prmastdvj`hd jdstdvj`hd ` surdaj`hd hbl` `zvbam jdstdvu jd tbe stua`lshbe prbirdeu, avd

prmastdvj`hd vdjlsh`c a`bj`hd (ibspbadrstvb, DF]EJ@).

Jdvmamjd pbvlmrmjstvd bkdvfldlu sflmamĉm pbsfbvm<

- djdf`z`rdlu pbstblmĉm stua`lshm prbirdem, - utvrĔulu pbtrmkjm zelmjm /`f` abpujm stua`lsh`c prbirded, - hbjtdht`rdlu jdstdvj`hm jd svè hbfmi`lèd pr`hupfldlu jl`cbvm pr`lmafbim ujdprmĔmjld

stua`lsh`c prbirded,

- hbr`stm `jnbredg`lm `z `jtmrj`c `zvlmŤtdld ` bstdf`c `zvbrd b pbtrmk` rmv`z`lm stua`lsh`cprbirded (`strdź`vdjlm pbtrmkd pbsfbadvdgd, prèlmakm zdabvbflstvb stuamjdtd,rmzuftdt` prbfdzjbst`, e`Ťflmjld prmastdvj`hd ibspbadrstvd ldvjbprdvj`c t`lmfd, e`Ťflmjldpbsfbadvdgd ` DF]EJ@-d ` sf.),

- adlu pr`lmafbi rmvà`rdjld rdspbalmfm MGQW kbabvd ` krbld sdt` jdstdvm,

- amn`j`rdlu `scbam uąmjld jd rdz`j` stua`ld, - sdstdvfldlu rmvà`rdj` stua`lsh` prbirde stua`ld ` prmafdźu id Wtruąjbe v`lmĉu jd

usvdldjlm,

- bkdvfldlu bstdfm pbsfbvm suhfdajb pbtrmkded pmr`ba`ąjm rmv`z`lm stua`lsh`c prbirded.



707

Wualmfbvdjlm stuamjdtd ` zdvrŤmj`c/a`pfbe`rdj`c stuamjdtd (DF]EJ@-ld) u prbgmsèd vmzdjè

uz bsìurdvdjlm hvdf`tmtm ` bglmjl`vdjlm stua`lshbi prbirded bsìurdjb lm `jtmrjè dhtèd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm pbsvmĉulm vmf`hu pbzbrjbst jdstdvjè pfdjbvèd stua`ld svdhbi pblma`jbi hbfmi`ldtm u g`flu pbvmĉdjld jl`cbvm hvdf`tmtm ` ushfdĔmjbst` sd stua`lshè prbirdeèd sf`ąj`c ustdjbvd u

Crvdtshbl ` Murbpshbl ]j`l`, prbvba` rmabv`td pmr`ba`ąjd vrmajbvdjld sdarźdld prbirded.[mabv`tb sm prbvbam djhmtm b vrmajbvdjlu hbfmi`ld tm @zvlmŤtdl` b zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtdhbfmi`lèd, stua`lme ` prbirdeèd ustdjbvm u glmf`j` prmastdvfldlu zjdądlju `jnbredg`lu hbld smdjdf`z`rd sm jd sdstdjgèd ]prdvm tm sm pb pbtrmk` barmĔulu elmrm zd pbvmĉdjlm zdabvbflstvdstuamjdtd prbirdeèd (jpr. uvbĔmjlm jbv`c rmabvj`c `/`f` `zkbrj`c hbfmi`ld, kbfld abstupjbstf`tmrdturm ` sf.). @jnbredg`lm b zdabvbflstvu stuamjdtd prbirdeèd tdhbĔmr ebiu uhdzdt` jdprmajbst` ` sfdkbst` u stua`lshbe prbirdeu pblma`jbi stua`ld tm sm hdb tdhvm hbr`stm pr`f`hbe

rmv`z`lm stua`lsh`c prbirded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd.

Qdkf`gd 40.< \dabvbflstvb stuamjdtd prbirdeèd Wtruhturd Bp`s

@jnbredg`lm hblm sm pr`hupfldlu \dabvbflstvb stuamjdtd hbfmi`lme, stua`lme,

ustdjbvbe

@zvbr` pbadtdhd @W^] djhmtd `/`f` ruąjb prbvmamjd djhmtd[bhbv` pr`hupfldjld `jnbredg`ld Avd putd iba`ŤjlmBsbkd baibvbrjd zd pr`hupfldjlm

`jnbredg`ld

@W^] hbbra`jdtbr

Jdą`j pr`hupfldjld/djdf`z`rdjld `jnbredg`ld _r`hupfldjlm `jnbredg`ld putme stuabedtd

`/`f` ujbsbe u prmav`Ĕmjm djhmtjm bkrdsgm

ba strdjm stuamjdtd, bkrdad ` djdf`zdzdabvbflstvd stuamjdtd hbfmi`lme, stua`lme `

stua`lshè prbirdeèd ustdjbvm u glmf`j`.

@zvlmŤtdl` hbl` sm sdstdvfldlu TW9-@@-7-4. \dabvbflstvb stuamjdtd

hbfmi`lme

TW9-@@-7-;. \dabvbflstvb stuamjdtd stua`lme

TW9-@@-7-7. \dabvbflstvb stuamjdtd

prbirdeèd zd ustdjbvu

Bsbkm baibvbrjm zd sdstdvfldjlm zvlmŤtdld _rbąmfj`g` balmfd

[bhbv` zvlmŤtdvdjld 4=. bźulhd ` 4=.ruljd

_rèdtmfl `zvlmŤtdld _rbamhdj zd jdstdvu

^mzdjb zd jdą`j sualmfbvdjld stuamjdtd u bglmjl`vdjlu jdstdvjbi prbirded Wtruąjbi stua`ld

Qribv`jd prbvmamjb lm djhmt`rdjlm stuamjdtd b prbglmj` MGQW kbabvd. Djhmtd lm prbvmamjd u

rdzabkflu ba ;=.44.;?47. ‗ ?;.4;.;?47.

] djhmt` lm sualmfbvdfb uhupjb 1> stuamjdtd/`sp`tdj`hd, ba tbid jl`c 43 su rmabvj` stuamjt` ;.

iba`jm struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd, 44 lm rmabvj`c stuamjdtd 7. iba`jm struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd` 49 rmabvj`c/`zvdjrmaj`c stuamjdtd hbl` su dpsbfvmjt` `f` su zdvrŤ`f` struąj` stua`l Qribv`jd.K`tjb lm jdpbemjut` ad su stuamjt 7. iba`jm, dpsbfvmjt` ` a`pfbedjt` bglmjl`vdf` svm basfuŤdjm `

pbfbźmjm hbfmi`lm ` zkbi tbid lm vmĉ` krbl baibvbrd zd hbfmi`lm jd 4. ` ;. stua`lshbl iba`j`.



701

Ba uhupjbi krbld baibvbrd (4793), ;=,44% baibvbrd su k`f` e`Ťflmjld ad hbfmi`l` èdlujmabvbfldj krbl MGQW kbabvd. 9?,?;% baibvbrd k`fb lm u hbr`st baibvbrd ad hbfmi`l` èdlu

bptèdfdj krbl kbabvd. Jdledjl` krbl baibvbrd lm k`b zd bpg`lu ad hbfmi`l èd prmv`Ťm kbabvd(1,39%).

\d jmhm hbfmi`lm stuamjt` sedtrdlu ad abjbsm prmedfb kbabvd. Hrbz rmzuftdtm djhmtm vàfl`vb lm

ad hba sflmamĉ`c hbfmi`ld v`Ťm ba 1?% stuamjdtd (hbl` su prbg`lmj`f` MGQW kbabvm zd tm hbfmi`lm )sedtrd ad `st` èdlu prmedfb kbabvd< Qlmfmsjd ` zardvstvmjd hufturd @, Wme`jdr (_bąmfdmhbjbe`lm/Bsjbvm edrhmt`jid @), Edhrbmhbjbe`ld, Wbg`bfbi`ld, Wme`jdr (Wbg`bfbi`ld/Bsjbvm

edrhmt`jid @), Mjifmsh` lmz`h @@@, Wme`jdr (Bsjbvm ibspbadrstvd Crvdtshm @@/ N`jdjg`lm zd

pbauzmtj`hm @@/Qribv`jshb pbsfbvdjlm @@) ` Jdkdvjb pbsfbvdjlm.

l) Bsìurdvdjlm pbarŤhm stuamjtèd (dhdameshb, prbnms`bjdfjb, ps`cbfbŤhb

sdvlmtbvdjlm ` sf.)

^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` bsìurdfb lm sustdvm pbarŤhm stuamjtèd u bkf`hu emjtbrstvd. ^mfmuą`f`Ťtmabjbs` bafuhu b jdą`ju prbvbĔmjld emjtbrshbi rdad. _rbąmfj`g` `zrdĔulu rdspbrma emjtbrd zd

tmhuĉu dhdameshu iba`ju. Jdstdvj`g` `zvrŤdvdlu svblm emjtbrshm bkvmzm ` sdstdvfldlu zdp`sj`htm id abstdvfldlu prbąmfj`gèd. _rbąmfj`g` `zvlmŤtdvdlu Wtruąjb v`lmĉm b rmzuftdtèd emjtbrsh`cdht`vjbst`. Jd bsjbvu prbvmamjm djdf`zm Wtruąjb v`lmĉm abjbs` bafuhm b jdą`jèdujdprmĔ`vdjld bkrdzbvj`c rmsursd. Bsè u bkf`hu emjtbrstvd sv` jdstdvj`g` ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmiù bhv`ru rmabv`t`c hbjzuftdg`ld pruźdlu pbebĉ stuamjtèd u svfdadvdjlu jdstdvjbi prbirded.

Wtuamjtèd lm hdb amebjstrdtbrèd bebiuĉmjb ` dht`vjb sualmfbvdjlm jdstdvjbe prbgmsu Jd

^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` suhfdajb _rdv`fj`hu b amebjstrdtbrèd (hbl` lm stup`b jd sjdiu 47. srpjld;?4;.), d jd pr`lmafbi prbąmfj`hd, Wtruąjb v`lmĉm èmjulm amebjstrdtbrm rda` pbebĉ` u pr`prme`` `zvbĔmjlu jdstdvm tm barźdvdjld sp`td uz jdzbąjbst jdstdvj`hd mfmuą`f`Ťtd.Wtuamjt` ebiu dht`vjb sualmfbvdt` u surdajl` s jdstdvj`gèd u p`sdjlu zjdjstvmj`c ` struąj`crdabvd ` bkldvfl`vdt` `c u hbdutbrstvu s jdstdvj`gèd.

W bkz`rbe jd pbebĉ stuamjtèd s pbsmkjè pbtrmkded ^mfmuą`f`Ťtm u _bźmi` èmjbvdfb lm(bafuhbe Wtruąjbi v`lmĉd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi` ba ;9. ruljd ;?47.) emjtbrd ` hbbra`jdtbrd zdstuamjtm s `jvdfà`tmtbe, tm lm u bhv`ru rdad emjtbrd ` hbbra`jdtbrd zd WW@ barźdj sdstdjdh zdstuamjtm s `jvdfà`tmtbe 47. f`stbpdad ;?47. hdb ` btvbrmjd pbsmkjd m-ed`f darmsd ssÒvup.cr

zd pbtrmkm stuamjdtd s `jvdfà`tmtbe hblbl pr`stup èdlu èmjbvdj` emjtbr ` hbbra`jdtbr.

_rdvju pbebĉ jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi` stuamjt` bstvdrulu putme `jst`tutd Wtuamjtshbiprdvbkrdj`tmfld hblmi èmjulm Wtuamjtsh` zkbr ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`. Wtuamjtèd sm pruźdpbarŤhd ` hrbz sustdvm rda`bj`gd jd hblèd sm abadtjb maug`rdlu u spmg`n`ąjè pbaruąlèdjl`cbvd `jtmrmsd (p`sdjlm ebt`vdg`lsh`c p`sded, `zvlmŤtdvdjlm b aruŤtvmjb baibvbrjbepbsfbvdjlu u zdlmaj`g`, jdą`ju `jnbre`rdjld s bkz`rbe jd barmakm \dhbjd b prdvu jd pr`stup

`jnbredg`lded, zdsj`vdjlu rdajbi bajbsd, źdfkmjbe pbstuphu, ustdvjbl tuźk` ` sf`ąjètmeded).

\dŤt`td stuamjtsh`c prdvd rmiuf`rdjd lm Wtdtutbe ^mfmuą`f`Ťtd u _bźmi`, _rdv`fj`hbe b prdv`fèdstua`rdjld jd ^mfmuą`f`Ťtu u _bźmi`, _rdv`fj`hbe b stmibvjbl baibvbrjbst` stuamjdtd,

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70>

>) _[@FB\@ _r`fbi 4 Abpusj`gd zd bkdvfldjlm almfdtjbst` zvbĔmjlm stua`lshbi prbirded



709

_r`fbi ; E`Ťflmjlm ` bglmjd `scbad uąmjld stua`lshbi prbirded struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd ba strdjm

Crvdtshbi zdvbad zd zdpbŤfldvdjlm, _baruąjd sfuźkd _bźmid



703

_r`fbi 7 Bglmjd scbad uąmjld struąjbi stua`ld Qribv`jd ba strdjm Crvdtshm ibspbadrshm hbebrm _bźmid



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Studijski Program Stru_nog Studija Trgovina - Revidirani Elaborat

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