Studies on PINGU’s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy P. Berghaus, H.P. Bretz, A. Groß,...
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Transcript of Studies on PINGU’s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy P. Berghaus, H.P. Bretz, A. Groß,...
Studies on PINGU’s Sensitivity to the Neutrino mass Hierarchy
P. Berghaus, H.P. Bretz, A. Groß, A. Kappes, J. Leute,S. Odrowski, E. Resconi, R. Shanidze
DPG-FrühjahrstagungDresden, March 7, 2013
2Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
The IceCube neutrino observatory
Completed since Dec. 2010
‣IceTopAir shower detector
‣IceCube86 strings (5160 PMTs)Instrumented volume: 1 km3
‣Deep Coredensely instrumentedcentral region (8 strings)
-1450 m
-2450 m
3Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
DeepCore experience
Veto atmospheric muons
‣Containment cuts → reduction by 103‑4
(signal efficiency 10‑20%)
‣Further improvements can be expected
Reconstruct low-energy events (direction, energy)
‣Measurement of Δm2 and sin2(2θ)
‣Energy information not used yet
‣Significant improvements expected(systematics crucial)
cut level
Example: IC79 DeepCore study
4Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
From IceCube via DeepCore to PINGU
IceCube (1 GTon)
DeepCore O(10-100)
MTon
PINGU O(1-10) MTon
E. Resconi
IceCubeInstrumented volume: 1 Gt
Average DOM density: 5×10‑6 m‑3
Target energy: 100 GeV≳
DeepCoreInstrumented volume: 10‑100 Mt
Average DOM density: 20×10‑6 m‑3
Target energy: 10 GeV ‑ 100 GeV
PINGUInstrumented volume: 1‑10 Mt
Average DOM density: > 200×10‑6 m‑3
Target energy: 1 GeV ‑ 20 GeV
PINGU talks at DPG:Mo T109.7 OM developmentMi T89.8,T89.9 Oscillations / matter effectsDo T104.5 Reconstruction
5Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU
What is PINGU?
‣Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade
‣20+ additional strings with 60-100 DOMs each in lower detector center
Preliminary timeline
2013 2014 2015 2017 2018 2019 20202016
Proposal tofunding agencies
design, manufacture and test hardware
drill preparations
first deployment
finish deployment(20 strings)
first set of cables/DOMsshipped to Pole
start data taking
Height 300 m
6Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Hardware
Minimize cost and risk
‣Reduce (50%) power consumption for each single PINGU-DOM
‣Parts kept: sphere, penetrator, PMT, collar, gel, harness, HV generator and base, quad cable technology
‣Parts under new development: digitizer (ADC), mother board, flasher (LED), FPGA logic, power supply
‣Upgrade: DAQ, down-hole cable, surface electronics
Cost reduction ~30% compared to IceCube
also other ideas for future detectors under development → T109.7 (Mo.) L. Classen
7Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Hardware
charg
e r
ati
o
scattering coefficient [1/m]
H.P. Bretzpreliminary
0.015 m-1
8Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Physics topics
‣Precision measurement of oscillation parameters (sin θ23, Δm232)
(→ T89.8 Wed. K. Frings)
‣Neutrino mass hierarchy → this talk
‣Low-mass WIMPs
‣MeV neutrinos from Galactic supernovae
9Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
Neutrino Oscillations: The MSW effect
‣Electron neutrinos: Modification of oscillation parameters while traveling through matter
‣For two neutrino mixing:
atomic shell
e‑
e‑
W
νe
νe e‑ e‑
W‑
νeνe
Neutrino Anti-Neutrino
electrondensity
sign ≙ mass hierarchy
10Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Mass hierarchy
Note: only neutrinos here
NH
IH
11Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Mass hierarchy
Note: neutrino telescopes inherently insensitive to ν ↔ ν
Perfect resolutionΔN(IH‑NH) / √N(NH) [PINGU 1 yr]
Akhmedov et al., arXiv:1205.7071
12Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Sensitivity to mass hierarchy
Significance crucially depends on ‣selection efficiency‣zenith / energy resolution (→ talk R. Shanidze)‣systematic uncertainties
Akhmedov et al., arXiv:1205.7071
13Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
PINGU: Mass hierarchy ‑ systematic uncertainties
ExternalExternal PINGU specificPINGU specific
Primary CR flux(AMS, BESS, …)
M. Sajjad Athar, M. Honda et al., http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5154
DOM efficiencyimproved in-situ
calibrations
Geomagnetic field, interaction model
M. Sajjad Athar, M. Honda et al., http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5154
Ice optical propertiesdrill water purification,
improved in-situ calibration
Atmospheric neutrinos zenith, energy,
composition
M. Sajjad Athar, M. Honda et al., http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5154
Background contamination
improved reconstruction
Earth Profile (PREM, …) under study(→ T 89.9 (Wed) S. Coenders)
Neutrino Interaction cross section
starting with GENIEunder study
Mixing parameters degeneracies
14Alexander Kappes | DPG-Frühjahrstagung, Dresden | 07.03.2013 |
Summary
‣DeepCore has demonstrated IceCube’s low-energy (10th GeV range) capabilities
‣PINGU aims at lowering the energy threshold to ~1 GeV → prime target: neutrino mass hierarchy
‣Working hard on overcoming challenges: reconstruction, systematic uncertainties, degeneracies with other oscillation parameters
‣Availability of full sensitivity / feasibility study planned for this Summer