Student's Copy

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TOPIC : MOVEMENT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE SUB TOPIC 3.1 : Analysing the movement of substances across the plasma membrane 1. 1 Substances Required Eliminated Water Amino acid Glycerol Fatty acid Minerals Vitamin Carbon dioxide Ammonium ions Learning outcomes (LO) : State the substances required by living cells State the substances that have to be eliminated from cells Explain the necessity for movement of substances across the plasma membrane Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, Describe the permeability of the plasma membrane Explain the movement of soluble substances across the plasma membrane through the process of passive transport, Explain the movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis Explain the movement of substances across the plasma membrane through the process of active transport .

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Transcript of Student's Copy

TOPIC : MOVEMENT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

SUB TOPIC 3.1 : Analysing the movement of substances across the plasma membrane

Learning outcomes (LO) : State the substances required by living cells State the substances that have to be eliminated from cells Explain the necessity for movement of substances across the plasma membrane Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, Describe the permeability of the plasma membrane Explain the movement of soluble substances across the plasma membrane through the process of passive transport, Explain the movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis Explain the movement of substances across the plasma membrane through the process of active transport . Explain the process of passive transport in living organism using examples Explain the process of active transport in living organism using examples. Compare and contrast passive transport and active transport.

1. Substances

EliminatedRequired

Carbon dioxide Ammonium ions Water Amino acid Glycerol

Fatty acid Minerals Vitamin

(a) Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

It is necessary for substances to move across the plasma membrane to _________________ the concentration of ions, molecules or substances inside and outside of the cell at ____________ level for cells to continue their life processes.

2. Structure of plasma membraneName (N)Pore protein

Characteristic (C) Has a _____________ Embedded in phospholipid bilayer

Function(F)To allow _________, water -soluble and charged molecules to pass through the plasma membrane

Name (N)__________________

Characteristic (C) Has ____________ head and ______________ tails Arranged in two layers (bilayer)

Function(F)To allow small, uncharged and fat-soluble molecules to pass through the plasma membrane

Name (N)Carrier protein

Characteristic (C) Has an ______________ Embedded in phospholipids bilayer

Function(F)To allow big and _________________ molecules to pass through the plasma membrane

(a) Draw and label the typical structure of plasma membrane.

3. Movement of substances

Molecules or ions Examples : Sodium ionsPassive Transport

Simple diffusion Small, ___________and uncharged molecules Examples : Carbon dioxide Oxygen ________________ Fatty acids Glycerol

Osmosis Water molecules

Big, water-soluble and uncharged molecules through carrier protein Examples : Glucose ___________ Small and charged molecules through pore protein Examples : ions

4. Passive transport

(i) Simple diffusion

Classification : Process (Cl)

Simple diffusion(N)

Characteristics : 1. Transport of substances or molecules (Cr) 2. Down the concentration gradients 3. Without energy

Significance : The process continues until dynamic equilibrium (S) is achieved

(a) Fill in the blank with the correct answer.Simple diffusion is a _____________ of transporting substances or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of _______________ concentration without energy. The process continues until dynamic equilibrium is achieved

Example : Gaseous exchange between alveolus and blood capillary

Alveolus

CO2O2

Blood capillary

O2

CO2

Object : Carbon dioxide (partial pressure)Condition : Higher in the blood capillary than in the alveolusCause & Effect : Carbon dioxide diffuse into the alveolus by simple diffusionResult : Carbon dioxide is expelled from the lung

Object: Oxygen (partial pressure)Condition : Higher in the alveolus than in the blood capillaryCause & Effect : Oxygen diffuse into the blood capillary by simple diffusionResult : Oxygen is transported to the heart

(a) Explain the process of gaseous exchange in Amoeba. Concentration of oxygen outside of Amoeba is ___________ than inside of Amoeba. Oxygen diffuse into the Amoeba by ________________. Oxygen will be used for cellular respiration. Concentration of carbon dioxide inside the Amoeba is higher than outside of Amoeba. Carbon dioxide diffuse out by simple diffusion. Carbon dioxide is ______________ from the Amoeba.

(ii) Facilitated diffusion

Classification : Process (Cl)

Facilitated diffusion(N)

Characteristics : 1. Transport of big molecules or ions (Cr) 2. Down the concentration gradients 3. Without energy 4. Through pore or carrier protein

Function : To transport big and specific molecules (F) across the plasma membrane

(a) Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

Facilitated diffusion is a process of transporting big molecules or ions from a region of _________ concentration to a region of __________ concentration without energy. The process occurs through pore protein or _____________to transport big and specific molecules into the cell.

Example : Absorption of nutrients in the villusGlucose

Object : Glucose (concentration)Condition : higher in the small intestine compared to the blood capillary (of the villus)Cause & Effect : glucose molecules diffuse into the villus by facilitated diffusionResult : Glucose molecules are transported to the liver

Blood capillary

(iii) Osmosis

Classification : Process (movement) (Cl)

Osmosis(N)

Characteristics : 1. Movement of water molecules (Cr) 2. Down the concentration gradients 3. Without energy 4. Through semi-permeable membrane

Significance : Results in dynamic equilibrium (S)

(a) Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

_____________ is a process of water movement from a region of higher concentration of water to a region of lower concentration without energy through ____________________ membrane.. The process occurs until dynamic equilibrium is achieved.

Example : Absorption of water by root hair cells

SoilparticleObject : Water (concentration)Condition : higher in the soil solution compared to the cell sap of root hair cell

Cause & Effect : water molecules diffuse into the root hair cell by osmosis

Result : The cell sap of root hair cell become dilute

Roothair cell

Water molecules

(a) The cell sap of the root hair cells become dilute.

Concentration of water molecules in the soil solution is higher than in the cell sap of root hair cells

5. Active transport

Classification : Process (Cl)

Active transport(N)

Characteristics : 1. Transport of substances or ions (Cr) 2. Against concentration gradients 3. Use energy

Significance : Results in elimination or accumulation (S) of substances

(a) Fill in the blank with the correct answer.Active transport is a process of transporting substances or _______ from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration across the plasma membrane using _________. This type of transport results in the _______________ or ________________ of molecules and ions from the cell.

Example : Sodium-Potassium pump

Object : Sodium ions (concentration)Condition : lower inside the cell than outside the cellCause & Effect : carrier protein transports sodium ion out of the cell by active transportResult : The concentration of sodium ions inside the cell is always lower than outside of the cellObject : Potassium ions (concentration)Condition : higher inside the cell than outside the cellCause & Effect : carrier protein transports potassium ion into the cell by active transportResult : The concentration of potassium ions inside the cell is always higher than outside of the cell

(a) Name the process of movement of molecule from : (i) Higher concentration to the lower concentration - __________________________ (ii)Lower concentration to the higher concentration - ___________________________

(b) Name the process of movement of substances across the plasma membrane for :(i) Water : _______________________________________________(ii) Glucose : ______________________________________________(iii) Sodium ion : ___________________________________________(iv) Fatty acid : ____________________________________________(v) Amino acid : _________________________________________(vi) Vitamin A, D, E and K : _________________________________

(c) Name the process for the following example.(i) Oxygen enters the cells : _________________________________(ii) Absorption of glucose in the villus : _____________________(iii) Absorption of water by the root hair of plant : _________________(iv) Absorption of potassium ion by plant root hair : ______________(v) Glycerol enters the cells : _________________________________

6. Compare and contrast passive transport and active transport.SimilarityBoth passive and active transport allow substances to move across the plasma membrane.

Differences

AspectPassive transportbutwhilewhereas

Active transport

Energy expenditurePassive transport does not use energy.Active transport uses energy from ATP.

Carrier protein Simple diffusion does not require carrier protein. Facilitated diffusion requires carrier protein.Active transport requires carrier protein.

,Concentration gradientMovement of substances in passive transport is from higher concentration region to low concentration region.(goes down the concentration gradient)Movement of substances in active transport is from lower concentration region to higher concentration region.(against the concentration gradient)

EquilibriumEquilibrium will be achieved at the end of the process.Results in accumulation or elimination.

(a) State the differences between passive transport and active transport. (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

SUBTOPIC 3.3 : Appreciating the movement of substances across the plasma membrane1. Things to ponder.Dan tidaklah sama keadaan dua laut (sekalipun satu jenisnya), yang satu tawar lagi memuaskan dahaga serta sesuai diminum, sementara yang satu lagi masin lagi pahit dan (kedua-duanya itu berfaedah kepada kamu): Dari tiap-tiap satunya kamu dapat makan daging yang lembut hidup-hidup dan dapat pula kamu mengeluarkan benda-benda perhiasan untuk kamu memakainya; (selain itu) engkau melihat pula kapal-kapal membelah air belayar padanya; (diadakan semuanya itu) supaya kamu dapat mencari rezeki dari limpah kurnia Allah dan supaya kamu bersyukur. [Fathir, 012]

Dan Kami telah jadikan di bumi: Gunung-ganang yang menetapnya, yang tinggi menjulang; dan Kami telah memberi minum kepada kamu air yang tawar lagi memuaskan dahaga? [Al Mursalat, 27]

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