GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Monday 1 November 2010 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookNumber of questions

Number of questions to be answered

Number of marks

4 4 60

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners, rulers, coloured water-based pens and markers.

• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape.

• No calculator is allowed in this examination.

Materials supplied• Question and answer book of 14 pages.• A data book.• Additional space is available at the end of the book if you need extra paper to complete an answer.

Instructions• Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.

• All written responses must be in English.

At the end of the examination• You may keep the data book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2010

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

Figures

Words

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

Victorian Certificate of Education 2010

2010 GEOG EXAM 2

Question 1 – continued

Use Figure 1 on pages 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the data book when responding to Question 1.

Question 1a. Ten locations are marked as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J on the map of the Murray-Darling Basin. For each of the four areas listed below, identify its location from the map.

Location

i. The Mouth of the Murray-Darling River system

ii. A region of major hydroelectricity generation

iii. A Ramsar wetland

iv. Intensive irrigation for citrus crops

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks

For Question 1b, refer to the data book pages 4 and 5.

b. i. In which year was the largest area under irrigation for cropping?

ii. In which year was the smallest area under irrigation for cropping?

iii. Explain what is meant by the term ‘water allocation’.

InstructionsAnswer all questions in the spaces provided. Refer to the data book as indicated.

3 2010 GEOG EXAM

Question 1 – continued TURN OVER

iv. To what extent does the percentage of water allocation appear to have affected the area of irrigation cropping over the years shown?

v. To what extent does the amount of rain falling in the region of the farm (refer to Figure 1d in the data book) appear to have affected the area of irrigation cropping over the years shown?

1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 = 9 marks

2010 GEOG EXAM 4

c. i. There are many conflicts between water users within the Murray-Darling Basin. Outline one conflict over the use of water within the Murray-Darling Basin.

ii. Discuss a strategy that has been developed or proposed to manage the conflict outlined in part i.

3 + 4 = 7 marks

Total 20 marks

5 2010 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

CONTINUES OVER PAGE

2010 GEOG EXAM 6

Question 2 – continued

Question 2Identify a local resource for which you have collected data in the field.

In the space below, sketch a map to show the main features of your local resource studied in the field.

7 2010 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

a. Describe the location of your local resource within its regional context.

2 marks

b. Annotate your sketch map to show an example of movement within your local fieldwork resource. You may use an arrow or arrows to indicate movement.

2 marks

c. Discuss how the movement shown in part b. has resulted in either a positive or negative impact on either the people or their environment within your local fieldwork resource.

2 marks

d. Annotate your sketch map to show the location of an area that could be affected or has been affected by a policy to manage the positive or negative impact discussed in part c.

1 mark

e. Evaluate the future practicality of this management policy using data you have collected in the field.

3 marks

Total 10 marks

2010 GEOG EXAM 8

Question 3 – continued

Question 3

Use Figure 2 on pages 6 and 7 of the data book when responding to Question 3a.

a. Discuss the following statement. ‘The global distribution of population is uneven and is likely to remain so in the future.’

6 marks

9 2010 GEOG EXAM

Question 3 – continuedTURN OVER

Use Figure 2 on pages 8 and 9 of the data book when responding to Question 3b.

b. i. Identify and quantify one change that has occurred in the age-sex structure of the world’s less-developed countries between 1990 and 2010.

ii. Identify and quantify one change that has occurred in the age-sex structure of the world’s more-developed countries between 1990 and 2010.

1 + 1 = 2 marks

2010 GEOG EXAM 10

c. Name a country you have studied this year.

i. Outline a major population change that has occurred in relation to this country.

ii. Describe one strategy undertaken in response to either the positive or negative impacts of this population change in this country.

iii. Evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy described in the answer to part ii.

2 + 2 + 3 = 7 marks

Total 15 marks

11 2010 GEOG EXAM

Question 4 – continued TURN OVER

Question 4a. i. Use the outline map provided below to map the distribution of a global phenomenon you have studied.

Do not use the phenomenon of human population. ii. On your map, mark and name the specific locations of two places related to your mapped global

phenomenon.

3 + 1 = 4 marks

2010 GEOG EXAM 12

b. Discuss the positive or negative impacts of changes on either people or environments of this global phenomenon at the two locations marked on your map.

4 marks

c. Evaluate the effectiveness of one strategy to deal with either the positive or negative impacts on people or environments of the global phenomenon at both locations marked on your map.

Strategy

Evaluation at location one

Evaluation at location two

7 marksTotal 15 marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

13 2010 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

Extra space for responses

Clearly number all responses in this space.

2010 GEOG EXAM 14

A script book is available from the supervisor if you need extra paper to complete your answer. Please ensure you write your student number in the space provided on the front cover of the script book. At the end of the examination, place the script book inside the front cover of this question and answer book.

Victorian Certificate of Education 2010

GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Monday 1 November 2010

Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

DATA BOOK

Directions to students

• A question and answer book is provided with this data book.

• Refer to the data in this book for each question as indicated in the question and answer book.

• The data contained in this book is drawn from current real world case studies.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2010

2

Figure 1 Murray-Darling Basin

Figure 1a: Murray-Darling Basin locations

200 km 0

N

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

CANBERRA

MELBOURNE

ADELAIDE

A

B

C

D

E

F

GHI

J

VICTORIA

NEWSOUTHWALES

SOUTHAUSTRALIA

QUEENSLAND

Murray-Darling Basin

State/Territory boundary

3 TURN OVER

Figure 1d: Annual rainfall at Yanco near Leeton, 2004–2009 Year Rainfall in millimetres

2004 268.0

2005 445.0

2006 189.8

2007 450.8

2008 343.2

2009 289.0

Highest annual rainfall since 1957: 450.8 mm

Lowest annual rainfall since 1957: 189.8 mm

Figure 1b: Location of study farm in the Murray-Darling Basin

Figure 1c: Background informationThe 855 hectare farm is located near Leeton and Yanco in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. Its land uses are a mixture of irrigation crops – mostly rice, soybeans and lucerne – and non-irrigated or dry crops, such as oats and barley as well as hay for the farm’s sheep and cattle. The owners believe a minimum water allocation of 40 per cent is needed for their farm to operate profitably.

200 km0

N

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

CANBERRA

MELBOURNE

ADELAIDE LEETON

Murray-Darling Basin region boundary

State/Territory boundary

River, permanent

River, intermittent

Key

4

Figure 1 Murray-Darling Basin

rice

Irrigation crops

barley, oats and/or grass

Non-irrigation crops

soybeans

lucerne

Irrigation crops cut for hay

Key to Figures 1e–1j

Figure 1e: Land use, summer, 2004–2005

13.8 8.8 10.4 10.7

20.414.416.78.67.7

11.9

14.8 16.8 12.24.2

3.2

5.5

9.7

0 400 metres

N

Figure 1f: Land use, summer, 2005–2006

13.8 8.8 10.4 10.7

20.414.416.78.67.7

11.9

14.8 16.8 12.24.2

3.2

5.5

9.7

0 400 metres

N

Figure 1g: Land use, summer, 2006–2007

13.8 8.8 10.4 10.7

20.414.416.78.67.7

11.9

14.8 16.8 12.24.2

3.2

5.5

9.7

0 400 metres

N

• 43% water allocation

• 57% water allocation

• 18% water allocation

5 TURN OVER

trees

wetland

paddock size,in hectares

buildings

paddockboundary10.4

Figure 1h: Land use, summer, 2007–2008

13.8 8.8 10.4 10.7

20.414.416.78.67.7

11.9

14.8 16.8 12.24.2

3.2

5.5

9.7

0 400 metres

N

Figure 1i: Land use, summer, 2008–2009

13.8 8.8 10.4 10.7

20.414.416.78.67.7

11.9

14.8 16.8 12.24.2

3.2

5.5

9.7

0 400 metres

N

Figure 1j: Land use, summer, 2009–2010

13.8 8.8 10.4 10.7

20.414.416.78.67.7

11.9

14.8 16.8 12.24.2

3.2

5.5

9.7

0 400 metres

N

• 21% water allocation

• 26% water allocation

• 28% water allocation

6

Figure 2 Human Population

100 and over

Number of persons per km2

50–100 10–50

river lake international boundary

1–10 less than 1

Key to map

Figure 2a: World population distribution, 2000

Trop ic o f Capr icorn

Equator

Trop ic o f Cancer

Arc t i c C i rc le

0 2000 km500 1000 1500

N

EUROPE ASIA

AUSTRALIA

AFRICA

MIDDLEEAST

Ind ian

Ocean

7 TURN OVER

1900

5.0%

2000

5.2%

Northern America

2050

4.8%

1900

57.4%

2000

60.5%

Asia

2050

57.3%

1900

8.1%

2000

13.4%

Africa

2050

21.7%

1900

24.7%

2000

11.9%

Europe

2050

7.2%

1900

4.5%

2000

8.5%

Latin America and the Caribbean

2050

8.4%

1900 2000

Australia and Pacific

2050

0.4% 0.5% 0.5%

Figure 2b: Percentage of world population by region

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

Pac i f i c

Ocean

At lan t i c

Ocean

Arc t i c Ocean

8

Figure 2 Human Population

Figure 2c: Age-sex structures for less-developed countries, 1990 and 2010Less-developed countries (or LDCs) have low gross national income per person (usually less than US$2000) per year, low rates of energy consumption per capita and a high proportion of the workforce in agricultural activities. LDCs include countries such as Venezuela, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Pakistan, Ethiopia and Nigeria.

0–4

050100150200250300 30025020015010050

millions

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

1990 age

male female

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

0–4

050100150200250300 30025020015010050

millions

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

2010 age

male female

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

Figure 2d: Age-sex structures for more-developed countries, 1990 and 2010More-developed countries (or MDCs) have high gross national income per person, high rates of literacy, health and energy consumption and a high proportion of the workforce in urban-based service sectors. MDCs include countries such as the United States, Japan, Australia, Singapore, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.

0–4

050100150200250300 30025020015010050

millions

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

1990 age

male female

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

0–4

050100150200250300 30025020015010050

millions

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

2010 age

male female

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

9

END OF DATA BOOK