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![Page 1: Student Learning Development, TCD1 Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing Dr Tamara O’Connor Student Learning Development Trinity College Dublin.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649cb25503460f94977487/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Student Learning Development, TCD 1
Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing
Dr Tamara O’Connor Student Learning DevelopmentTrinity College Dublin
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Student Learning Development, TCD 2
Workshop Overview
Explain elements of the systematic review process
Explore how these might be used or adapted to support thesis literature review
Contextualise this within other approaches to managing and working with the literature
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Student Learning Development, TCD 3
The Literature Review ?
“Literature reviews …… introduce a topic, summarise the main issues and
provide some illustrative examples.”
from www.eppi.ioe.ac.uk
Agree? Disagree?
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Literature Matters
From Holbrook et al (2007)
disciplinary perspective
connection to findings
coverage
working understanding
critical appraisal
scholarliness
literature use
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Student Learning Development, TCD 5
Agree? or Disagree?
If they are to be considered a reliable source of research evidence they should record how the primary studies were sought and selected and how they were analysed to produce their conclusions.
Readers need to be able to judge whether all of the relevant literature is likely to have been found, and how the quality of studies was assessed.
1 Agree? 5 Disagree? 10
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Student Learning Development, TCD 6
Systematic Reviews
A review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect and analyse data from the studies that are included within the review. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may or may not be used to analyse and summarise the results of the included studies.
from www.sebc.bangor.ac.uk
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Student Learning Development, TCD 7
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Student Learning Development, TCD 8
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Student Learning Development, TCD 9
Systematic v.s. Narrative reviews
Agreed standards High degree of focus Minimise bias
Context and differences Bias of empirical studies
Strengths of both approaches
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Student Learning Development, TCD 10
Key features of SR
- of the systematic review process you might want to adopt or adapt–
Explicit and transparent methods Standard set of stages Accountable, replicable and updateable
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Student Learning Development, TCD 11
Systematic Reviews
Seven steps (of a Cochrane Review)
Formulating a problem Locating and selecting studies Critical appraisal of studies Collecting data Analyzing and presenting
results Interpreting results Improving and updating
reviews
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Student Learning Development, TCD 12
1. Formulating a Problem
What is your research question? Clear and unambiguous Answerable Relevant Positively worded Free of bias
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Student Learning Development, TCD 13
1. Formulating a Problem
Example Questions?
Standard SR question containssubject- intervention- outcome- comparator
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Student Learning Development, TCD 14
Phase 1- Identify the Researcha broad but defined, systematic sweep
Defined search terms – record recall and precision
Defined search arena - e.g. databases, citation indices, reference lists from primary and review articles, grey literature, conference proceedings, research registers, the internet, individual researchers/practitioners
Other broad search limits
2. Locating and selecting studies
TIPS! Document the search protocol and record what
research was found
Systematically manage the
search output, e.g. using
endnote
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2. Locating and selecting studies
Phase 2- Selection/Screeningselect from research using criteria related to your
research question
Develop inclusion or exclusion statements, these might relate to study outcomes, research design, methods used, population worked with etc.
e.g. studies with a mixed population of men and women
e.g. random control trials onlye.g. maximum exposure time of 10mins
TIPS! Document the
statements and
their purpose (might be
pragmatic or research related)
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Student Learning Development, TCD 16
3. Critical appraisal of studies
“Assessing the quality of methodology is a critical part of the systematic review process”
No standard approach but there are hierarchies in fields of study
Quality of methodology, results, conclusions Balance
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Student Learning Development, TCD 17
3. Critical appraisal of studies
What would be appropriate to consider when critically
appraising research in your area?
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Student Learning Development, TCD 18
4. Collect data & analyse
Evaluate Synthesise results of literature
review Tables to compare Descriptive Meta-analysis
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Student Learning Development, TCD 19
No. Date Research Q Design Sample Method Variables Analysis Results Conc Issues
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Student Learning Development, TCD 20
Write up literature review
Example Background Purpose/Research question Method Findings Discussion Implications/Recommendations
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Student Learning Development, TCD 21
What next?
How might I adapt this process?
Something I want to work on is…..
One idea I’m thinking about is…..
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Student Learning Development, TCD 22
SR websitesCentre for Evidence-based Conservation -http://www.cebc.bangor.ac.uk/
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (medical) -http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/index.htm
Cochrane Collaboration (international- medical) -http://www.cochrane.org/
EPPI-Centre, Institute of Education - http://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/cms/
Social Policy and Social Care -http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/chp/srspsc/index.htm
Campbell Collaboration http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/
If you read one article, an example here of a review of the ways studies in reviews are appraised - http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=521688
If you prefer power-point, how about this one on mixed method reviews http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/events/challenges/documents/JamesThomasESRCMethodologicalchallenges.ppt
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References
Cresswell, J.W. (2003) Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage Publications.
Fink, A. (2005) Conducting research literature reviews: From the internet to paper, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hart, C. (2001) Doing a literature search: Comprehensive guide for the social sciences. London: Sage Publications.
Holbrook, A., Bourke, S., Fairbairn, H. & Lovat, T. (2007) Examiner comments on the literature review in Ph.D. theses. Studies in Higher Education, 32 (3), 337-356.
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