Structuring the Transit Systemg y

Examples from IndiaExamples from India

O.P. AgarwalThe World BankThe World Bank

Damascus, April 13, 2010

No. of registered vehicles (in ‘Million’)(in Million )

Growth of Vehicles to Population (1981 2001)(1981-2001)

101214

68

10

246

0

alore

olka

ta

enna

i

Delh

i

raba

d

mba

i

erag

e

Bang K o Ch

e

Hyde

r

Mu Ave

Population Vehicles Veh/Pop

No. of fatalities in road accidents (in ‘000)(in 000)

Urban population projections

700820

700800900

s)

Projected

372473

583

500600700

n (M

illio

ns Actual

8 9 109 159217

285372

200300400

Popu

latio

n

62.4 78.9 109

0100200P

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051

Ensure coordinated

l i f

Build capacity to plan for

i bl

Projects to demonstrate

best practices

Ensure integrated

planning for urban

transport

sustainable urban

transport

best practices in sustainable

transport

land use & transport planning

Promote cleaner fuel &

vehicle

People focused &

i bl vehicle

technologies for cities

equitable allocation of road space

Innovative financing

methods to

Investments in public

transport &

Strategies for parking

space and

Establish Regulatory

mechanisms

raise resources

Non Motorized

modesspace and

freight traffic movements

mechanisms for a level

playing field

National Urban Renewal Mission

• Established a partnership for the national, provincial and local governments to financeprovincial and local governments to finance the needed urban infrastructure

$• National government commits $ 12 billion over a 7 year period

• Equal amount leveraged from Provincial and local governments

• Linked to prescribed reforms• Urban transport projects had to be alignedUrban transport projects had to be aligned

with the Policy

Thus:

National Urban Established aNational UrbanTransport Policy

Established aFramework for action

National Urban Created an incentiveNational UrbanRenewal Mission

Created an incentivefor implementation

This gave a boost to mass transit investments

Unique features of the Indian situationsituation

• Dominance of 2-wheelers – makes a shift to public transport much more difficult to achieve Door to door Marginal cost often lower than a bus Fast and efficient No waiting time

• Rising income creates an urge to own a l hi lpersonal vehicle

• Poor social image of the bus and cycling• Climate and terrain can be constraints for NMT

in some cities

Public Bus Transport in IndiaPublic Bus Transport in India

City population Number Number with formal bus formal bus services

> 4 million 7 7

1 – 4 million 28 8

0 5 t 1 0 illi 50 50.5 to 1.0 million 50 5

0.1 to 0.5 million 370 NIL

Out of 85 cities with over 0.5 million people, only 20 have a structured bus service

Mass Transit Investments6 cities – 10 projects2 functional – 6 ongoing 2 in

Metro Rail Systems2 functional 6 ongoing, 2 in

the pipeline

11 iti 3 f ti l 8 11 cities – 3 functional, 8 ongoing, more in the pipeline

BRT Systemspipeline

Over 60 citiesOver 60 cities• Improved buses• Pass Info System

Modern Bus Systems• Pass. Info System• Separation of planning

from operations17

from operations

Other InitiativesOther Initiatives

• National pressure for Unified MetropolitanNational pressure for Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority

• Emphasis on a Comprehensive Mobility PlanEmphasis on a Comprehensive Mobility Plan• Large capacity building program launched

with World Bank and GEF supportwith World Bank and GEF support Training, Education, Legal frameworks, Institutions,

standards and manuals

Metro Rail projects - Implementation Structure & FinancingStructure & Financing

Project Ownership FinancingKolkata – 1 Indian Railways Fully by National Govt.y y yDelhi – 1 JV - National and Provincial Govt. Equity + debt from JBICDelhi - 2 JV - National and Provincial Govt. Equity + debt from JBICBangalore JV - National and Provincial Govt. Equity + debt from JBICMumbai – 1 Private consortium Private equity, MMRDA

equity and viability gapequity and viability gap support

Delhi Airport Link

JV company - National and Provincial Govt + Private

Civil structures by DMRCOperating structures byLink Provincial Govt. + Private

consortiumOperating structures by private consortium

Kolkata – 2 JV - National and Provincial Govt. Equity + debt from JBICChennai JV - National and Provincial Govt. Equity + debt from JBICHyderabad Yet to be firmed upM b i 2 Y t t b fi dMumbai - 2 Yet to be firmed up

Land is an important resource for financing

Experience with Delhi Metro

• Extremely well executed• Pride of the city• However low ridership is a big• However, low ridership is a big

concern – is the investment worth it• Lack of feeders and integration with

other systemsother systems• Needs people with a different mindset

20

Experience with BRTp• 11 cities are implementing• Two cities have started pilot operations• One city has started first phase• Very adverse public reaction when pilot BRT

operations commenced in Delhi and Punep• Cities were not prepared for this• Adverse impact created doubts in other cities• Adverse impact created doubts in other cities

as wellPh I f Ah d b d BRT h b• Phase I of Ahmedabad BRT has been encouraging

• Has given comfort to other cities

Lessons learnt

1. Need for integrated planning – not just civil engineeringengineering

2. Be prepared for adverse reaction – influential i f i i d l i dsection of society is adversely impacted

3. Public awareness very important Win some constituencies

4. Importance of feeder systems4. Importance of feeder systems5. Even parking lots and good footpaths serve

as feedersas feeders6. Need for a strong champion, with a broad

visionvision

Transit Oriented Development

• Improves integrationImproves integration• Make access more convenient• Enhance ridership for the mass transit

systemsystem• Raise finances, using land as a

resource Importance of timing the developmentp g p

23

Some initiatives towards improved integrationimproved integration

• TOD strategy made a condition for gyNational Govt. funding

• Extension of corridors looking for• Extension of corridors looking for densification

• A few projects looking at land development to make system moredevelopment to make system more attractive

• Renewal of heritage areas being taken up in some citiesa e up so e c es

24

Surat - Canal Road

View of canal road design

View of canal road design

The hub of the Delhi metro

28

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

29