Structures. Skeletal system is the bony framework of the body 206 bones in an adult Functions...
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Transcript of Structures. Skeletal system is the bony framework of the body 206 bones in an adult Functions...
![Page 1: Structures. Skeletal system is the bony framework of the body 206 bones in an adult Functions ◦Support of the body and shape & structure ◦Protection.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649e925503460f94b97bb2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Skeletal System Ch 3Structures
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Skeletal system is the bony framework of the body
206 bones in an adult Functions
◦ Support of the body and shape & structure◦ Protection of the vital organs◦ Movement & anchorage of the muscles (levers for
muscular action)⚫Tendons – attach muscle to bone⚫Ligaments – attach bone to bone
◦ Mineral storage – calcium and phosphorus◦ Blood cell formation - hematopoiesis
Introduction
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Collagen – a chief organic constituent (protein)
Inorganic calcium salts (Vit D is essential for the absorption of minerals, i.e. calcium)
Bone Composition
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Cells◦ Osteoblasts-bone building, bone-repairing cells in
the periosteum◦ Osteocytes-mature bone cells within the bone
matrix◦ Osteoclast-causes the reabsorption of bone
Periosteum◦ A dense, fibrous membrane covering bone◦ Contains blood vessels◦ Essential for bone cell survival and bone
formation
Bone Composition
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Grow in length at the epiphyseal line Grow in width by the addition of bone to the
surface Controlled by the anterior pituitary (growth
hormone)◦ Dwarfism-hypofunction◦ Gigantism-hyperfunction◦ Acromegaly-hyperfunction after puberty; enlarges
bones of the hands, feet, and face
Bone Growth
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Bone Structures
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Epiphyseal plate◦ Growth plate, found towards ends of bones
Diaphysis◦ The long shaft, major part of the bone
Condyle◦ A rounded, knuckle-like prominence usually at a point
of articulation Foramen
◦ Opening in bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
Tubercles◦ A small, rounded process
Landmarks
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Bone marrow◦ Red marrow
⚫hematopoietic tissue⚫Forms red blood cells, platelets, some white blood
cells, destroys old RBCs and some foreign materials◦ Yellow marrow
⚫Fat storage
Bone tissues
Pg 39
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Axial◦ Central bones along your center axis◦ Protects the major organs of the nervous,
respiratory, and circulatory systems Appendicular
◦ Appendages◦ Extremities◦ Protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and
reproduction
Skeletal descriptive divisions
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Skull◦ Cranium-major bones
⚫Frontal⚫Parietal-Right & Left⚫Temporal-Right & Left⚫Occipital
◦ Fontanelles-fusion of the cranial bones is not complete at birth so babies have a “soft spot”
◦ Facial
Axial skeleton-80 bones
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Thoracic ◦ Ribs◦ Sternum
Spinal column-26 bones separated by intervertebral disks to cushion◦ Cervical-7, smallest vertebrae◦ Thoracic-12, progressively increase in size◦ Lumbar-5, largest and strongest◦ Sacral-five fused bones with the pelvis◦ Coccyx-3-4 fused bones, tailbone, slightly
movable to assist in childbirth
Axial skeleton
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Sternum◦ Manubrium-top part◦ Body ◦ Xiphoid process-end tip
Ribs Shoulder girdle
◦ Clavicles (2)-the collarbones◦ Scapulas (2)-the shoulder blades
Appendicular skeleton-126 bones
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Upper extremities◦ Humerus-upper arm◦ Radius-thumb side of forearm◦ Ulna-little finger side of forearm◦ Carpals (8)-wrist bones◦ Metacarpals (5)-hand bones◦ Phalanges (14)-finger bones
Appendicular skeleton
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Pelvic Girdle◦ Os coxae (2)-contains the acetabulum (hip socket)
⚫Ilium⚫Ischium⚫Pubis
◦ Sacrum
Appendicular skeleton
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Lower Extremities◦ Femur-thigh bone◦ Patella-kneecap◦ Tibia-shin bone◦ Fibula-lateral bone of the lower leg◦ Tarsals (7)-ankle bones
⚫Talus⚫calcaneus
◦ Metatarsals (5)-foot bones◦ Phalanges (14)-toe bones
Appendicular skeleton
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Joints Synarthrotic-immovable
joints◦ Sutures in skull◦ Pg 39
amphiarthrotic-flexible, but not movable◦ Symphysis pubis◦ Pg 46
Diarthrotic-freely movable◦ Synovial-movable joints of
the body
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Ligaments-band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another
Bursa-a fibrous sac that contains synovial fluid
Synovial fluid-a lubricant to make smooth movement of the joint possible
Joints