Structure in Context(Sentence Structure)

Afiqah Nuraini (A143857)Yazmalina Yaacob (A143822)Hayani Amanina (A143844)

Clause

• Definition : a group of related words containing a subject and a verb or a subject and a predicate

• Basic kind of sentence consist of single clause• More complicated sentences may contain

multiple clauses

Clause = finite verb+subject

Phrase = finite verb/subject

Independent Clause

• can stand alone as a complete simple sentence

• Example; After the class, he went for a group assignment

Dependent Clause

• must be connected to or part of another clause.

• subordinate to a main clause• Example;After the class, he went for a group assignment

• To connect independent clause and dependent clause, use conjunctions.

• There are two types of conjunction;i. Subordinating Conjunctionsii. Coordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions

• Conjunctions that introduce dependent clause.

• Being placed before independent clause to make it become dependent

• Example: “Doris bought a cake”“After Doris bought a cake…”

Common subordinating conjunctions;

Types of subordinating conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

• Connects two independents clauses.• It is simple conjuctions.• Example; for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

(FANBOYS)

Types of sentences

• Simple sentences• Compound sentences• Complex sentences• Compound-complex sentences

Simple sentences

Also called as INDEPENDENT CLAUSE that contains subject and verb which expresses complete thought.

•Joanna is sleeping on the bed-One subject and one verb.

•Nabila and Alia are taking pictures.-Compound subject and one verb.

• Yazmalina is sitting while eating in the room.- One subject and compound verb.

• Anis and Nadirah are looking and giggling at the boys.

- Compound subject and compound verb

Compound sentences

• Consist of two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.

• Coordinators of compound sentences ; for, and , nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)

• Yani is sleeping , and Anis is watching a movie.• Yani is sleeping, so Anis went for a movie.• Yani is sleeping, for Anis went for a movie.

Complex sentences• Independent clause + 1 or more dependent

clauses.

• Always use:i. Subordinator; because, since, after, although,

whenii. Relative pronoun; that, who, which

• The sentence can be started either with independent clause or dependent clause.

• Independent clause + dependent clause- She can swim but he cannot.

• Dependent clause + independent clause- After the class, he went for a group

assignment.

Compound-Complex sentences• Two Independent clauses + one or more Dependent

clauses.

Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.

1.independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"

2.independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"

3.dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "