1. Use the diagram below to answer the following TWO questions:

Structure C is called a/an

A Flower

B Petal

C Filament

D Anther

E Sepal

2. Structure J is called a/an

A Stigma

B Carpel

C Ovary

D Ovule

E Stamen

Name_______________________

2

3. Which of the following is caused by non-disjunction?

A Cri du Chat

B Dwarfism

C Sickle Cell Anemia

D Down Syndrome

E AIDS

4. Answer the following TWO questions using the information in this scenario:

You decide to take Dr. Poulin’s advice and go hiking to see some of the cool plants in Western

New York. On your hike, you notice a species of plant growing on the ground. Luckily for you,

you are carrying a portable microscope with you so that you can really study this plant and

decide what it is. Knowing what you do about plant classification, you decide that this plant is

a non-vascular plant. Use the above information to answer the following two questions.

All of the following evidence you gathered support your decisions EXCEPT:

A The embryo is developing inside the archegonium.

B The plant is very small and close to the ground.

C The diploid form is dependent on the haploid form.

D The plant is only growing near water.

E You see clear evidence of both xylem and phloem.

5. What is the dominant form of this plant?

A Archegonium

B Antheridium

C Gametophyte

D Sporophyte

E Zygote

Name_______________________

3

6. Use this phylogeny to answer the following question.

Assume that A, B, and C are the three domains of life. What is the best answer about the

organism that is represented by node 1. This organism…

A …did not have peptidoglycan in its cell wall.

B …had a double membrane bound nucleus.

C …was multicellular.

D …was a photoautotroph.

E …had mitochondria.

7. Two species of lizards live in a forest. They both eat small flying insects. One hunts in the

early afternoon and one hunts just after sunset. They both make dens under tree roots. Which

of the following is true of these lizards?

A They are currently competing for food resources.

B One is a predator of the other.

C They are allopatric.

D They are sympatric.

E They have experienced character displacement.

Name_______________________

4

8. There is only one remaining species of:

A Welwitschia

B Ginkgos

C Cycads

D Club mosses

E Tree ferns

9. Which of the following does NOT have a haplo-diplontic life cycle?

A Lycophyta

B Bryophyta

C All Gymnosperms

D Rhodophyta

E Charophyta

10. Two species of shrimp live in sympatry on coral reefs near Jamaica. One hunts at night and

the other hunts during the day. When reared in the lab with 24 hour daylight they mate readily

and produce fertile offspring. Why don’t they mate in the wild?

A They are postzygotically isolated.

B They are behaviorally isolated.

C They are temporally isolated.

D They are mechanically isolated.

E They are gametically isolated.

Name_______________________

5

11. Male Mormon Crickets transfer a protein containing packet called a spermatophore to the

female cricket during mating. The spermatophore makes up about 30% of the male’s weight

and sustains the female nutritionally while she is developing her eggs. Neither sex provides

parental care in this species. Which of the following do you expect to be true about these

crickets?

A This species is not likely to be sexually dimorphic.

B Females fight with each other for the best breeding grounds.

C Males fight with each other for access to large females.

D Females are very choosy about only mating with large males.

E Males are very selective about which females they mate with.

Either D OR E is considered correct for #11

12. The organism that engulfed the cyanobacteria that eventually became a chloroplast…

A …was a red algae.

B …was an ancestor to red algae.

C …was a brown algae.

D …was an ancestor to the entire protest lineage.

E …went to Hogwarts.

13. Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?

A BB

B Bb

C bb bb

D bb Bb

E BB bb

Name_______________________

6

14. Which of the following is NOT part of all seeds?

A Megaspore

B Megasporangia

C Seed coat

D Integument

E Endosperm

15. Two congener species of fish occupy the same lake. One has very long and closely-

spaced gill rakers (a portion of fish mouth parts) which strain plankton out of the water. The

other has much shorter gill rakers and specializes in predation on small aquatic insects. When

the two species live apart they both have intermediate gill rakers and eat both plankton and

insects. What has happened to these fish?

A Genetic drift

B Speciation

C Character displacement

D Parasitism

E Competitive exclusion

16. The species (of those listed below) most closely related to the animals is…

A …a chanoflagellate.

B …an amoeba.

C …the parasite that causes malaria.

D …a green algae.

E …Giardia.

Name_______________________

7

17. Use the phylogeny below to answer the following TWO questions:

In the tree above, there is a group of organisms, the Biophytes, comprised of species B, C, D, E,

F, G, and H. What is the outgroup for the Biophytes?

A Species A

B Species B

C Species D

D Species H

E The outgroup is not shown on the phylogeny

18. What is the common ancestor of the Biophytes?

A Extinct species 1

B Extinct species 2

C Extinct species 3

D Extinct species 4

E Species A

Name_______________________

8

19. Which of the following facts is NOT true about BOTH the Magnoliidae and the Eudicots?

A They both have broad leaves with branching veins.

B They both contain edible plants.

C They both have trimerous flowers.

D They both are diverse, species-rich (having a high number of species) groups.

E They are both angiosperms.

20. Which of the following accounts for females typically being choosy about their mating

partners?

A Males withstand extremely high costs fighting for access to females.

B Females tend to have lower parasite loads (less infection) than males.

C Eggs are larger than sperm and contain more nutrients.

D Females have shorter lifespans than males.

E Males invest in parental care.

Name_______________________

9

21. Kuru is a disease which affects the brain. It was endemic among the Fore tribe of Papua

New Guinea and was universally fatal. It is characterized by headaches, joint pains and

shaking of the limbs. The word kuru means "trembling with fear" in the language of the Fore

people. Before its eradication, kuru was more prevalent in women and children than in men.

It is believed by some scientists that the disease spread easily in the Fore people due to their

cannibalistic funeral practices. The increased infection in women and children is thought to be

due to the fact that while the men of the village ate the flesh of the deceased, the women

and children ate the brains. With elimination of these practices, Kuru disappeared among the

Fore within a generation.

After reading the above, what is your best guess as to the cause of kuru?

A A virus

B A bacteria

C An archaea

D A prion

E Kuru is a form of cancer

22. What is the most likely reason that ferns tend to be found in moist environments?

A They don't have vascular tissue, so they have to absorb water through their leaves and

shoots from their environment.

B The sperm from the gametophytic stage needs water to swim to the egg.

C They are the only group of plants that lack a cuticle, and therefore desiccation (drying out)

occurs quickly.

D Fern enthusiasts collect them from dry areas so often that they are endangered there.

E The sporophyte is still dependent on water for salt regulation.

Name_______________________

10

23. Kelp forests (brown algae) are diverse ecosystems containing multiple species. They

provide habitats for many organisms and nutrients for the aquatic environment. Kelp is

predated on by sea urchins. These urchins live on the sea floor and eat the shallow roots of

the kelp, causing death to the entire plant. Sea urchins are eaten by sea otters. When otters

were hunted close to extinction for their fur, the kelp beds nearly vanished due to overgrazing

by the urchins. Sea otters are:

A competitors

B ectoparasites

C keystone species

D mutualists

E commensalists

24. Dr. Poulio Diversity is a scientist looking for novel species (those that have not yet been

identified). He finds a species that has never before been described by looking in the Great

Salt Lake in Utah. As its name implies, the lake has very high salinity, far saltier than sea water.

The new species is found in the saltiest portion of the lake, the north arm. You would be least

surprised if the new species belonged to which of the following groups?

A Animalia

B Plantae

C Protista

D Bacteria

E Archaea

Name_______________________

11

25. Dr. Thaddius Ivanovitch is studying a small monkey in central America, Alarmus alarmeii,

that uses alarm calls to warn conspecifics (members of the same species) of the presence of

predators. During his study Dr. Ivanovitch notices a male monkey that is alarm calling at an

average rate. He is recently immigrated to this colony, which is 25 miles from the colony

where he was born. This is an example of:

A Kin selection

B Altruism

C Selection

D Resource partitioning

E Reproductive strategy

26. Which of the following species have no vessel cells?

A Water lilies

B Star anise

C Avocado

D Maple trees

E All of the above have vessel cells.

Name_______________________

12

27. There are two plants growing near a trail along a mountainside that a hiker takes a

particular liking too. Because he’s not a very well behaved hiker, he digs up both plants and

takes them home to plant in his greenhouse. Once the plants are growing well, he takes

pollen from the flowers on plant A and puts it on a stigma from plant B. Despite repeated

attempts nothing happens. Next he tries to place pollen from plant A on a stigma from plant

A and he quickly sees seeds forming. This also happens with pollen from plant B on stigmas

from plant B. What could explain this?

A Plant A and B are sympatric.

B Plant A is reproductively isolated from plant B.

C Plant A and B are separate species.

D Plant A is prezygotically isolated from plant B.

E All of the above

28. If p = 0.3, what is the frequency of heterozygotes for a population at equilibrium?

A 1

B .09

C .49

D .42

E .21

Name_______________________

13

29. Use the below phylogeny to answer the LAST (!) two multiple choice questions:

You were in the library studying for BIO 200 when you come across the above phylogeny in an

old bio textbook. Use it to answer the following three questions. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is

a species of bacteria that causes a form of pneumonia.

Based on this phylogeny, which of the following is paraphyletic?

A Plasmodium, Sequoia, and Paramecium

B Escherichia and Mycoplasma

C Escherichia, Mycoplasma, Plasmodium, Sequoia, and Paramecium

D Plasmodium and Paramecium

E Sequoia and Paramecium

Name_______________________

14

30. This phylogeny was made before the advent of DNA sequencing. Based on your

knowledge of the species represented and your extensive knowledge about the tree of life,

what is the best statement about this tree?

A The phylogeny is an accurate representation of the evolutionary relationships of these

species.

B If we moved the Mycoplasma branch and attached it on the base branch (move the point

labeled A to the point labeled B) because Mycoplasma is in the archaea, then the diagram

would be an accurate representation of species’ relationships.

C If we could exchange the label Paramecium caudatum and instead label that tip with Dr.

Poulin’s dog, Clouseau, then the diagram would be an accurate representation of species’

relationships.

D The phylogeny is correct because it represents the protists as paraphyletic.

E Other than Sequoia, all the other species are prokaryotes.

Name_______________________

15

Free Response (40 points)

1. (3 points) The following is a table of genotype frequencies for coat length in water shrews (a

common small rodent in New York).

Trait Genotype Frequency

Long fur FF .16

Long fur Ff .48

Short fur ff .36

What is the frequency of the f allele? (1 pt for trying to solve for q OR f(f) + 1 for correct answer)

q = .36 + ½ (.48) =.6

(Half credit for trying to solve for q2)

q2 = .36, so q = .6

Is this population at equilibrium (Yes or no)? (1 point)

Yes

2. (2 points) There are two populations of butterflies, one on either side of the mountain.

Individuals only fly over the mountain VERY rarely. The populations, otherwise, function in

complete isolation. Despite being separated in this way for several centuries, they show no

signs of reproductive isolation, mating with ease and producing fertile offspring when crossed.

Why not? (One sentence)

Even VERY small amounts of gene flow (such as the occasional fly over) will counter isolation.

OR The populations are not completely isolated.

Name_______________________

16

3. (6 points)

There is a species of deer, Roaming Deer, where males have enormous antlers. They use the

antlers to fight during competition for females. Females mate with the males with the largest

antlers. Antlers are cleaned by two species of small mites, called Antler Mites. Species A eats

the bacteria growing on the antlers, while species B eats the fungi. Interestingly, the male

deer with the largest antlers are often prevented from quick movement, while males with

slightly smaller antlers can move more quickly. This difference is capitalized on by the rare

Temperate Lion, a predatory cat. They preferentially attack males with the largest antlers.

Females don’t have antlers, but they do often have infections of ampicomplexans on their

fluffy tails. These ampicomplexans eat the hairs out of the female tails and cause excessive

bleeding, often leading to infection.

Use the above information to completely fill in the following table with the below terms. Some

boxes may have two terms. You do NOT need to use all the terms. (1 pt for each term, -1 for

incorrect terms)

Terms:

Allopatry

Runaway selection

Sexual dimorphism

Speciation

Predator

Ectoparasite

Endoparasite

Resource partitioning

Character displacement

Protist

Bacteria

Aspect of above scenario Relevant terms from above list

Roaming Deer antlers Sexual dimorphism, Runaway selection

Temperate Lion Predator

Ampicomplexan Protist, Ectoparasite

The two Antler Mite species Resource partitioning

Name_______________________

17

4. (4 points)

The above is a picture of a ______________________ (virus or bacteriophage). (.5 pt)

The arrow labeled A is pointing to the ______________________ (viral capsid or capsid). (.5 pt)

This structure contains ______________________ (genetic material or “DNA or RNA”). (.5 pt)

This is a complex individual that includes two body-types. Such individuals are referred to as

___________ (binal). The structure labeled A is ___________ (icosahedral) and the structure

labeled B is ___________ (helical). (.5 pt for each, 1.5 total)

This individual reproduces by (one sentence): injecting its genetic material into a host cell

(bacterial cell is ok too) OR hijacking the cellular machinery of a host; infecting a host gets ½

credit (1 point)

Name_______________________

18

5. (5 points)

Given that the above was created using DNA sequence comparisons, what is the above

diagram called? (1 pt)

Phylogentic tree or cladogram

What is the most recent common ancestor of a group comprised of species D, E, F, and G? (1

pt)

L

Is this group monophyletic(Yes or no)? (1 pt)

Yes.

Why or why not (one sentence)? (2 pts)

Because all the descendents of the most recent common ancestor are included in the group.

Name_______________________

19

6. (4 points)

This is the life cycle of a: ______________ (FERN or seedless vascular plant) (.5)

Which of the numbered arrows are pointing to haploid stages? (.25 for each, 1.5 total)

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9

Name the structures pointed to by the following numbers: (.5 for each)

1 = Sori (or sorus)

2 = Sporangia

This plant moves sugar through: ______________ (phloem system or phloem cells) (1 pt, .5 pt for

vasculature or tracheid cells, 0 for vessels or vessel cells)

Name_______________________

20

7. (10 points) Tear off the table that is the last page of this exam. Use it for this question.

On the table a “0” means the group does not have the feature, a “+” means the group does

have the feature and “Some” means some members have it, while others do not. Use the

table to make tick marks (small lines) on the phylogeny below, marking when each of the

listed traits (vessel cells through cuticles) developed. (1 for each)

Name_______________________

21

8. (5 points) Match the pollinator! Write the pollinator (or abiotic system) most likely to pollinate

the described flowers. (1 for each)

Plant Pollinator

Tubular red flower with nectar. Hummingbird OR bird

Large, pink flower with large volumes of

nectar.

Butterfly

Tiny greenish flowers in tight clusters,

hanging from plant stems.

Wind

Large, tubular white flower with a strong,

sweet scent. Open at dawn only.

Moth

Tubular yellow flower with nectar at the

base. Dark coloration at the nectar

source only visible under UV spectrum.

Long-tongued bee OR Bee

9. (1 point) What has “cones for seeds, and needles for leaves” - what are Dr. Poulin’s kind of

trees?

Conifers

Name_______________________

22

Extra credit questions (Answer as many as you can for up to three points of extra credit):

1. What do a tree that lives in the deserts of Algeria, an Asian freshwater clam and a stick

insect from Sicily have in common?

They are single dads OR “Genes are inherited only from the father, via his sperm (or pollen, in

the case of the tree).”

2. Why may we be interested in the scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus?

Radioactive venom from this species is now being tested as a treatment for brain cancer.

3. Gecko toe's make use of the van der Waals force. What are we hoping to learn

from this?

How to make the best glue ever, that also easily unsticks!

4. What do Toxoplasmosis parasites do to rats?

They “brainwash” them into being attracted to cat urine, and, thus, coming into close contact

with a predator.

5. South African chameleons color match their backgrounds better when they are in the

presence of what predator?

Snakes