Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Lesson 1-2

Fun With Facts

1. Which lung is bigger??a. Rightb. Left

A. Right

Fun With Facts2. The highest recorded sneeze

speed is...a. 165km/hrb. 113km/hrc. 194km/hrd. The speed that it takes to go

from your nose to your lab partners shirt

A. 165km/hr

Fun With Facts3. Hairs in the nose help us to

clean the air we breath in as well as…

a. Rid the oxygen of boogersb. Warm the airc. Distinguish between our grandpa

Joe and our grandma Sally

B. warm the air

Fun With Facts4. The surface area of the human

lungs approximately what?a. The area of a football fieldb. The area of a volleyball courtc. The area of a tennis courtd. The area of a hockey rink

(Olympic size) C.the area of a tennis court or 100

square meters.

Fun With Facts5. An adult at rest usually breaths

approximately how many times a minute?

a. 5-9b. 12-15c. 21-24d. 26-30

A. (b) 12-15x per minute. An adult inhales and exhales approx. 23,000/day

Fun With Facts6. About how much water do we

lose per day through breathing? a. 2 Lb. 1 ½ Lc. 1Ld. ½ L

D. ½ LAfter Breathing Before Breathing

Fun With Facts7. The greatest part of the dust in your

house comes from where?a. The mantel above the fireplaceb. Your computer screenc. Your couches/beds from breathing on themd. Your skin

D. from pieces peeled off of your skin

Fun With Facts8. There is more carbonic acid in the air

exhaled by a human being than in the atmosphere (proportionally).

a. Trueb. Falsec. You would need to take into account other mammals for that statement to be true

A. True

Nasal Cavity

Pharynx

PharynxMuscularfunnel-shaped tube about 5 inches

longconnects the nasal and oral cavities

to the larynxhouses the tonsils and the

adenoids, which are lymphatic tissues that guard against infection by releasing white blood cells (T and B lymphocytes).

TonsilsPharyngeal tonsils

◦ located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx. When these tonsils become enlarged they may interfere with breathing and are called adenoids.

Palatine tonsils ◦ located near the opening of the oral cavity

into the pharynx. Lingual tonsils

◦ located on the posterior surface of the tongue,

Nasal Cavity

PharynxLarynx

Larynxtwo thin sheets of elastic ligaments

called the vocal chords. The vocal chords vibrate as air is

forced from the lungs toward the pharynx.

Different sounds are produced by a change in tension on the vocal chords.  

constructed mainly of cartilage

Nasal Cavity

PharynxLarynx

Trachea

Trachea

• passes air from the pharynx into the lungs.

• Lined with ciliated, mucus-producing cells

• An enlarged segment of cartilage supports the epiglottis, a flap-like structure that covers the glottis, or opening of the trachea, when food is being swallowed.

Nasal Cavity

PharynxLarynx

TracheaBronchi

Bronchi Inhaled air moves from the

trachea into two bronchi (singular: bronchus), which, like the trachea, contain cartilage rings.

carry air into the right and left lungs, where they branch into smaller airways called bronchioles.

Nasal Cavity

PharynxLarynx

TracheaBronchi

Bronchioles

Bronchial Tubes and Bronchioles do not contain

cartilaginous rings.Smooth muscles in the

walls of the bronchioles can decrease their diameter.

The bronchioles pass air from the bronchi to the alveoli.

Alveoli

Bronchioles

Alveoli • Are tiny air-filled sacks• Each alveolus is surrounded by

capillaries.• Inside, gases diffuse between the air

and blood according to concentration gradients. Alveoli must be moist for this to occur.

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide both move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.  

Close-up of Alveoli

Nasal Cavity

PharynxLarynx

TracheaBronchi

Bronchioles

Diaphragm

DiaphragmThe diaphragm is

the primary muscle of inspiration.

Through its muscular energy, it allows the gasses to move in and out of the lungs through changing pressures within the lung.

Breathing Mechanisms

http://www.gettyimages.com/search/detail.aspx?id=856-41&esource=feed_google_video

Pleural Membrane

The outer surface of the lungs is surrounded by a thin membrane called the pleural membrane, which also lines the inner wall of the chest cavity.

The space between the pleural membranes is filled with fluids that reduce the friction between the lungs and the chest cavity during inhalation.

Make your own notes…(period 3)Text pg 285-287Continue with structures and

functions by making your own notes for the following:◦Diaphragm◦Ext. intercostal muscles◦Int. intercostal muscles

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