Assessing the Ecophysiology of Methanogens in the Context ...
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Transcript of Structure and Function of Bacteria. Kingdom Archaebacteria Extreme environments Methanogens – Make...
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Structure and Functionof Bacteria
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Kingdom Archaebacteria
Extreme environmentsMethanogens – Make methane gas, anerobicHalophiles – salt loving, use salt to make ATPThermoacidophiles – extreme acid &
temperature environments.
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Kingdom Eubacteria
Cell walls composed of peptidoglycan.
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Shapes of Bacteria
Coccus – Round
Bacillus – rod shaped
Spirillum – spiral shaped
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cocci
rod
helicalspirillum
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Cell Wall Structure
Two types of cell walls
1. Composed mainly of peptidoglycan
2. Less peptidoglycan with an additional outer membrane.
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How do we distinguish between types of cell walls?
Gram Staining –
Purple: Gram Positive. Have peptidoglycanPink: Gram negative have an outer membrane
and some peptidoglycan
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MotilityFlagellum
Pili – help bacteria stick together.
Secrete slime to help anchor bacteria to a surface and glide.
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Binary FissionMakes an exact copy of the cell.
Many bacteria can copy themselves every 20 minutes!
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Prokaryotes are asexual, so they lack the genetic recombination obtained through meiosis.However, there are three other mechanisms of genetic recombination in Prokaryotes:
1) Transformation - genes taken up from outside environment (dead
bacteria)
2) Conjugation- genes transferred directly from one prokaryote to another
3) Transduction- genes are transferred between prokaryotes by viruses
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Transformation
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Conjugation
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Antibiotic Resistance
The conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistant plasmids between bacteria is a major problem facing the medical profession today
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Transduction
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Summary3 characteristics used to classify bacteria
ShapeRoundRodSpiral
Cell Wall StructureMostly peptidoglycanPeptidoglycan surrounded by a membrane
Motility
Reproduction – Binary Fission