Structural soil questions gresham
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The Parking Forest in GreshamLinear Tree Wells Using Structural Soil
Sustainability for all the places between the buildings
503.334.8634www.greengirlpdx.com
[email protected] certified women business enterprise
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About Me
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About You
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Why was I invited here today?Tualatin Riverkeepers’ Vision: the Parking
Forest• Increase canopy in parking lots• Manage stormwater• No loss of parking spaces
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Two Sites
Watershed base map courtesy of Tualatin River Watershed Council
Redevelopment
Retrofit
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Structural Soil (dry)
The Parking ForestA Close Up (12 feet wide)
Pavement outside of
Parking Forest
Re-paved areaTree
Structural SoilAmended native
clayey soilUndisturbed native clayey soil
Crushed aggregate
Wheel stop
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THPRD Sunset Swim CenterRedevelopment with Pervious Concrete
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THPRD Sunset Swim Center in PlanRedevelopment with Pervious Concrete
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PCC Sylvania Lot 10Retrofit with Impervious Asphalt
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PCC Sylvania Lot 10in Plan
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PCC Sylvania Lot 10Drainage Area
6133 sf
1919 sf
754 sf
615 sf
2815 sf
6103 sf
Parking Lot
Sidewalk
<50% Grass HSG C
Woods, Good HSG C
L Street
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?Question
How do structural soils work?
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Trees Need to Access Soil to a Depth of 3 Feet Minimum
Photo Source: gratefulmommy.com
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Trees Need Adequate Soil Volume to Grow
Graph Source: USDA Forest Service Center for Urban Forest ResearchSlide courtesy of Todd Prager ,Todd Prager & Associates
33326720013367Soil Area Needed Assuming a 3ft min depth (ft2)
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Structural Soil Composition
Source: Cornell University – CU Structural Soil - http://www.hort.cornell.edu
Structural stability (similar to porous pavement aggregate):
Tree health:
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?Question
• What is different about structural soils than regular construction practices and soils in sidewalk/planter strip applications?
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If you have lots of money…
• Structural soils are designed to be on compacted subgrade and compacted to the standard 95% modified proctor density.
• Requires a depth of structural soil = 3 feet, for tree health.
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?If you want to save lots of money
on structural soil…
Careful compaction to hit the “Goldilocks” zone:• Not so much that tree roots can’t grow into it• Not so little that vehicular or pedestrian traffic cannot be
supported• = 85% to 90% Modified Proctor Density
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Additional Benefit for Tree Health
• Shallow depths of structural soil = little or (more likely) no fertilization
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Assembly Procedure
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Assembly Procedure
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Assembly Procedure
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Assembly Procedure
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Assembly Procedure
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Assembly Procedure
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Assembly Procedure
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?Are there studies or examples showing the
benefits?
• Been around since the 1990s• Bend, OR
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Olympia Results… After 8 Years
Control Trees Planted in Compacted Native Soil
Trees Planted in Structural Soil
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4 minute video from Cornell Horticulture(developed CU Structural Soil)
• “Excavation of tree growing in CU-structural soil”
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Palo Alto, CA is hooked
Jan 29, 2004 presentation by Dave Dockter, Managing Arborist , Planning Division
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From Dave Dockter’s Presentation
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From Dave Dockter’s Presentation
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?Question
• What are the implementation issues for using structural soils? Design, availability of materials, construction, inspection, etc. How are each of these addressed in a project?
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Materials are Commonly Available
• Rock• Clay• Optional amendments (Our mix included mycorrhizae,
biota, biochar, Stabilizer = hydrogel and moisture holding element)
• Hydrogel
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Design: You must answer, “Where will the structural soil be used?”
Pedestrian areas only:• Sand Based Structural Soil (SBSS, aka Amsterdam Tree Soil,
Tree Sand)Pedestrian and vehicular areas:• CU Structural Soil (proprietary from NY)• Carolina Stalite Structural Soil• Olympia Soil Mix• Sunmark Environmental Mix (proprietary from Troutdale)
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Choosing Adequate Depth for Structural Stability
• Our geotechnical engineer determined an appropriate pavement depth based on:
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Geotechnical engineering report excerpt
• For structural soil placed on a wet, uncompacted (clayey) subgrade! (Saved us 1 foot of depth of structural soil. Over the 125 lf of trench, cost savings = $3600.)
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Consider using more than just structural soil
Amended native soil in places where structure isn’t needed (see next slide) gets the trees off to a
good start
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Tree planted in amended native soil
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What are the implementation issues for using structural soils? Construction observation
• Moisture• Compaction• Depth of lifts• Final depth
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?Question
• What are the vendors/sources of structural soils? What different materials and designs are available? How do they range in cost?
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Vendors & Costs
• Sunmark Environmental,$105/cy delivered • Olympia DIY, $24/cy (delivered?)
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Mixing Structural Soil
Photo Source: www.greelysand.com/cu-soil.html
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Olympia Soil Recipe
4 cubic yards Crushed Rock ¾”-1¼” + 1 cubic yard Loam/organic topsoil + 1 pound Soil Binder “Stabilizer” + 46 gallons water__________Makes 4.6 cubic yards Structural Soil
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Structural Soil Costs - Olympia
“The price to supply, deliver and install the structural soil material per cubic
yard ranged from $19 to $85 with an average bid of $42, the median price
was $39.50.
The city paid $24 per cubic yard for the structural soil material to the low
bidder.
This compare to a price quote we received for the supply of CU structural
soil at $65 per cubic yard plus delivery. The source was over an hour’s drive
away and delivery charges were $85 per hr with a truck and trailer hauling 22
cubic yard. The expected cost delivered was $72 per cubic yard.”
Excerpted from “Structural Soil Demonstration Project”
http://olympiawa.gov/~/media/Files/CPD/Urban%20Forestry/Forms/StructuralSoil.ash
x
Source: City of Olympia -Structural Soil Demonstration Project
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Vendors & Costs
• Olympia DIY soil mix, $42/cy delivered• Sunmark Environmental, $105/cy delivered • CU Structural Soil (coming soon), national average
$58.25/cy (not delivered)
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?Question
• How can the stability of the adjacent road subgrade and curb be protected during the installation of structural soils?
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Protecting Existing Infrastructure
• Trees don’t seem to really care where the soil is, as long as they can get their roots to them.
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Protecting infrastructure
• Gresham staff idea: In retrofits, could set structural soil back from the curb.
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?Question
• What different materials and designs are available?
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A Second Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under
Pavement
. Photo courtesy of Jim Labbe
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Another Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement
A Second Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under
Pavement
. Photo courtesy of Jim Labbe
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A Second Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under
PavementJim Labbe in Nijmegen Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Jim Labbe
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A Third Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement
Photo probably ripped off the Silva Cell website by Brian Wegener
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?Question
• How much more does it cost to construct a planter strip and sidewalk using structural soils vs. traditional methods? Consider design, excavation, materials, installation, and other issues for a 100’ section of sidewalk (replacing existing curbtight sidewalk with 4’ planter strip and new sidewalk). Are there economies of scale we can expect for larger projects?
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SE 182nd Avenue
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Retrofit
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New Development
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Economies of Scale
• Economies of scale are available in:• Engineering design• Geotechnical investigation• Mobilization• Structural soil testing
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According to Brian Kalterof Amereq, Inc (Licenses CU Structural Soil)
• Email dated 4/4/14:“As far as installation costs, CU-Soil™ should not cost more to install on a per cubic yard basis than a typical base material since it is installed in 6” lifts and compacted to 95% Proctor Density.”
• …except it’s usually required to be installed to a depth of 3 feet!
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?Question
• Are there standard or typical details, cross-sections, and specs available for constructing a planter strip and sidewalk using structural soils that we could review?
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?Specs & Designs to review
• I’ve consolidated everything I could find, plus my own details and specs, here: http://www.parkingforest.org/specs.htm
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Thank You!
Sustainability for all the places between the buildings
503.334.8634www.greengirlpdx.com
[email protected] certified women business enterprise