Structural Health Monitoring System at the I- 10 Twin Span Bridge
Transcript of Structural Health Monitoring System at the I- 10 Twin Span Bridge
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Structural Health Monitoring System at the I-
10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain
Murad Abu-Farsakh, Ph.D., P.E.
Louisiana Transportation Research CenterLouisiana State University
and
Sungmin Yoon, Da Ha, Allen Marr, Doc
Zhang, Ching Tsai, Jenny Fu, and
Arthur D’Andrea
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Acknowledgement
This project is financially supported by the
FHWA under IBRD program, Louisiana
Transportation Research Center (LTRC) and
Louisiana Department of Transportation and
Development (LA DOTD).
LTRC Project Nos. 07-1ST & 08-3GT.
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Structural Health Monitoring System at the I-
10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain
Outline of Presentation
Motivation
Objectives
Overview of the Project
View of Instrumentation Plan
Design of Lateral Load Test
Some Results
Conclusions
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Motivation
The existing I-10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake
Pontchartrain sustained serious damage from the storm
surge associated with hurricane Katrina, in August of 2005.
A new (higher and stronger) bridge is being constructed to
replace the old Bridge. Part of the bridge is supported by
group of battered pile foundations.
To address certain concerns raised during the design of the
new I-10 Twin Span Bridge, LA DOTD decided to install a
structure health monitoring system on a selected pier.
The system includes instrumenting both the substructure
and superstructure of the selected pier for short-term and
long-term monitoring of the bridge.
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Objectives
Short-term Monitoring:
Perform lateral load test on M19 eastbound pier,
Validate the FB-MultiPier analysis for predicting the
performance of battered pile group foundation
systems under lateral loading,
Develop (or back-calculate) p-y curves and
multipliers for use in the analysis and design of
battered pile group foundations for bridges build in
similar soil conditions,
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Objectives
Long-term Monitoring:
Develop a data acquisition smart monitoring system
for long-term monitoring the structural health of the
new I-10 Twin Span Bridge,
Evaluate the behavior of pile group structure under
dynamic loads caused by selected events (winds,
waves, and vessel collision),
This includes monitoring both substructure and
superstructure
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Overview of the Project
The construction of a new
replacement bridge is almost
completed,
The new bridge is located 300 ft
east of the current bridge,
The bridge is supported by
group of battered pile
foundations,
It consists of two parallel
structures, with 3-12 ft travel
lanes and 2-12ft shoulders on
each side (60 ft wide).
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Location of I-10 Twin Span Bridge
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Location of I-10 Twin Span Bridge
• Source: Volkert Construction, LA DOTD
5.4 mile long
300 ft east of the old bridge
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Overview of Twin Span Bridge
• Source: Volkert Construction, LA DOTD
• New Bridge
• Old Bridge
M19
200’
250’
135’
200’
Marine
Traffic
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Overview of Twin Span Bridge
M19 Pier
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Overview of M19 Pier (Eastbound)
• Footing size:
44 ft x 42.5 ft x 7 ft
• Total: 24 battered pile
(batter angle of 1:6)
• Size: 36” square PPC
piles. 110 ft long
• Embedded pile length:
~87 ft
• Water depth: 11 ft
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0 30 60 90 120
Standard Penetration Test (N)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0.0 30.0 60.0 90.0 120.0
Cu (kPa)
Cu
SPT-N
0 30 60 90 120
m.c, L.L. and P.L.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
m.c.
P.L.
L.L.
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Depth
(ft)
Soil Description
0 200 400 600
Cone Tip Resistance qc (tsf)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Friction Ratio Rf (%)
qc
Rf
Clayey
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 20 40 60 80 100
Probability of soil type (%)
Sandy
Silty clay, stiff
Silty clay, soft
Clay, medium
Sand, medium-dense
Clayey sand, medium-dense
Clay, very stiff
Silty clay, stiff
Sandy silt, stiff
Sand, very dense
Clay, stiff
Clay, very stiff
Silty sand, medium-dense
Clay, stiff
Clayey sand, very stiff
Sand, very dense
Clay, stiff
Clay, medium
Silty clay, stiff
Sand, very dense
Clay sand, medium dense
Silty
Soil Profiles: Soil Boring & CPT
• Medium to stiff gray and tan silty clay to clay soil
with silt and sand pockets and seams
• Medium dense light gray sand was noted between
46 ft to 58 ft
• Piles tip on stiff silty clay layer
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Instrumentation of M19 Eastbound Pier
Substructure:
• MEMS In-Place inclinometers (IPI) for 8 selected piles
• Sister bar strain gauges for 12 selected piles,
• 4 Uniaxial MEMS tiltmeters,
• 2 Triaxial accelerometers,
• 8 Water pressure cells.
Superstructure:
• Strain gauges: columns, bent cap, 3 steel girders, 3 concrete
girders, and one diaphragm,
• Corrosion meters: footing, columns, & bridge deck,
• OSMOS Weigh In Motion: concrete bridge deck.
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In-place Inclinometers
Instrumentation of M19 Eastbound Pier
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Installation of IPI Casing: Casting Phase
• Casing length = 100 ft
• To install 6 MEMS IPI
sensors at depths of 5,
15, 25, 35, 45, and 65 ft
from bottom of pile cap.
IPI Sensor
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Sister Bar Strain Gauges
Instrumentation of M19 Eastbound Pier
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Installation of Sister Bar Strain Gauges:
Casting Phase
• For selected 12 piles
• At 16 ft and 21 ft from
the top of pile (total 4
strain gauges / pile)16 ft
5 ft
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Monitoring Pile Strain Change during
Strand Cutting, Casting, and RelocationStrain Change During Strands Cutting and Pile Relocation
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
9:14 9:21 9:28 9:36 9:43 9:50 9:57 10:04
Time
Str
ain
(me)
4-1A
4-1B
4-2A
4-2B
End of
Cutting
Strands
Pile
Lifting
Up
Pile
Laying
Down
Top@ 21'
Top@ 16'
Bottom@ 21'
Bottom@ 16'
Pile# 4
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Monitoring of Piles’ Strain Change
Moved for storage Moved onto barge for delivery
Pile #1
Pile # 1 was instrumented with data logger and battery for
further monitoring during storage, relocation, and delivery.
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Pile Driving & Footing Construction
Cutoff: 6’ – 7’
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Substructure Instrumentation
IPI Sensor
Triaxial Accelerometer
Water pressure cell Tiltmeter
Corrosion meter Data loggers
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Superstructure Instrumentation
Extensometer
For OSMOS WIM
BDI Strain Gauges
Corrosion meter
Sister bar
Strain Gauge
Omega Strain Gauge
Extensometers For OSMOS WIM
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Calibration of OSMOS WIM
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PVC Conduits to Data Loggers &
DAQ Computer
DAQ
Computer
Data
Loggers
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Design/Setup of Lateral Load Test at M19 Pier
Target maximum lateral load: 2000 kips
Load applied using high strength low relaxation
two 19-strand tendons (0.62 in2 each strand) run
through the westbound and eastbound footings,
Installed the dead-end anchorages at M19
eastbound pier, and installed the live-end two 600-
ton jack system at M19 westbound pier,
Temporary assembled the data acquisition system,
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Design/Setup of Lateral Load Test at M19 Pier
Recorded all initial readings,
Strand tendons were preloaded to 300 kips each,
The eastbound footing and westbound footing
were pulled towards each other using the two 600-
ton hydraulic jacks,
Load was applied in increments of 100 kips
(50k/tendon),
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Measurements from strain gauges and MEMS IPI
sensors were recorded after each load increment,
Deformations of east and west bound footings and
columns of M19 were monitored using laser survey,
Design/Setup of Lateral Load Test at M19 Pier
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Design of Lateral Load Test at M19 Pier
68’ 6”
44’
Live
End
Jacking
Dead
End
Anchorage
Westbound Eastbound
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Setup of Lateral Load Test at M19
Westbound Eastbound
Barge
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Setup of Lateral Load Test at M19
Eastbound
19-strand
tendon(0.62 in2 each)
Water
Pressure
Cells
600-ton
Jack
Westbound
Live End Jacking Systems
Dead End Anchorage
19-strand
tendon
Data loggersMonitoring
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Setup of Lateral Load Test at M19 Pier
Automated Laser Survey System
Survey Prism
Survey Station
At M18 Eastbound
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Loading-Unloading-Reloading Table
No.
Lateral
Load (kips)
per cable
Total
Lateral
Load (kips)
Load
Duration
(min)
Pre-load 300 600 90
1 350 700 5
2 400 800 5
3 450 900 5
4 500 1000 15
5 400 800 5
6 300 600 5
7 400 800 5
8 500 1000 10
9 600 1200 15
10 700 1400 15
No.
Lateral
Load (kips)
per cable
Total
Lateral
Load (kips)
Load
Duration
(min)
11 750 1500 15
12 800 1600 20
13 850 1700 20
14 900 1800 20
15 950
935
1900
1870
20
16 1000 2000 30
17 800 1600 10
18 550 110 10
19 300 600 10
Cut
strands
30
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Profiles of Lateral Deformation with Load
Pile # 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Lateral Deformation (in)
Dept
h (f
t)
P ile # 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
L a tera l Deforma tion (in)
De
pth
(ft
)
567 kips L
980 kips L
577 kips UL
970 kips R L
1344 kips R L
1581 kips R L
1835 kips R L
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
De
pth
(ft
)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Lateral Deformation (in)
Lateral Load = 1870 kips
Pile 4 (boring)
Pile 7 (boring)
Pile 4 (CPT, Nk=15)
Pile 7 (CPT, Nk=15)
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Load – Footing DisplacementTwin Span M19- Disp. vs Load (Footing)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Lateral Load (kips)
De
form
ati
on
(in
)Soil Boring
CPT (Nk=15)
Pile cap (measured E1)
Pile cap (measured E2)
M19W
E1
M19E
E2
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Load versus Strains
Load vs. Strain - M19 Pile #9
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Load (kips)
Str
ain
Ga
ge
Re
ad
ing
s (
mic
ros
tra
ins
) SG9-1A
SG9-1B
SG9-2A
SG9-2B
Load vs. Strain - M19 Pile #4
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Load (kips)
Str
ain
Ga
ge
Re
ad
ing
s (
mic
ros
tra
ins
)
SG4-1A
SG4-1B
SG4-2A
SG4-2B
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Load versus Tension StrainsTwin Span M19 - Micro-strain vs Load- P4 and P7 top strain gages
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Lateral Load (kips)
Mic
ro-s
tra
in
Pile 8 (Soil Boring)
Pile 10 (Soil Boring)
Pile 8 (CPT,Nk=15)
Pile 10 (CPT,Nk=15)
Pile 8 (Measurement)
Pile 10 (Measurement)
160 micro-strain (750 k-ft)
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Analysis of Lateral Load Test
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Back-Calculated P-Y Curves
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Calculated Moment Profile
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Conclusions
The substructure instrumentation system was successfully
installed
The system was used to monitor the M19 pier during the
lateral load test . A maximum load of 1870 kips was applied
The success rate of installing the strain gauges and IPI
sensors were about 65 percent.
The maximum lateral deformations measured at M19 pile
cap ranged from 0.58 to 0.72 in., which are ≈ 50% of the
value predicted using the FB-MultiPier analysis,
The installation of the superstructure monitoring system
is on-going,
The DAQ monitoring system will be used for long-term
monitoring of the M19 eastbound pier.
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THANK YOU
Questions