Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State...
Transcript of Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State...
![Page 1: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9
Vocabulary
Today 1) Structural Geology part A Process
Chapter 9
Mt. Everest 29, 029 ft 8,848 m
Structural Geology and Deformation
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 2: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
http://www.ccsf.edu/EarthThursday, September 12, 13
![Page 3: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mountain Ranges of the World
3
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 4: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mountain Ranges of the World
Divergent
3
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 5: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mountain Ranges of the World
Divergent
Continent-ContinentConvergent
3
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 6: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mountain Ranges of the World
Ocean-OceanConvergent
Divergent
Continent-ContinentConvergent
3
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 7: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mountain Ranges of the World
Ocean-OceanConvergent
Divergent
Ocean-ContinentConvergent
Continent-ContinentConvergent
3
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 8: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mountain Ranges of the World
Ocean-OceanConvergent
Divergent
Ocean-ContinentConvergent
Continent-ContinentConvergent
Continent-ContinentRelic
3
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 9: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
4
Plate Boundary
Type
StressType
StrainType
MountainType
OtherGeologic Features
Common Rocks
FormationOther
Convergent(Continent-Continent)
Convergent(Subduction)
Divergent
Transform
Master Table
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 10: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stress and Strain
Stress- The push, pull, or shear that a rock feels when subjected to a force (Units = force/area).
Strain (deformation)- The change in shape of a rock as a result of applied stress.
5
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 11: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stress and Strain
Stress- The push, pull, or shear that a rock feels when subjected to a force (Units = force/area).
6
Strain (deformation)- The change in shape of a rock as a result of applied stress.
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 12: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of Stress
Compressional- Squeezing, shorteningTensional- Stretching, extensional, lengtheningShearing- Translational
7
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 13: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Stress
At what type of plate boundary would you expect to find Tensional stress?
A) ConvergentB) DivergentC) Continent-Continent collisionD) Transform
8
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 14: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Stress
At what type of plate boundary would you expect to find Tensional stress?
A) ConvergentB) DivergentC) Continent-Continent collisionD) Transform
9
Compressional- Squeezing, shorteningTensional- Stretching, extensional, lengtheningShearing- Translational
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 15: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stress and Strain
Stress- The push, pull, or shear that a rock feels when subjected to a force. Units = force/area
10
Strain (deformation)- The change in shape of a rock as a result of applied stress.
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 16: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stress and Strain
Stress- The push, pull, or shear that a rock feels when subjected to a force. Units = force/area
Strain- The change in shape of a rock as a result of applied stress (Deformation).
Length final (m) - Length initial (m) Length initial (m)
orA distance of displacement (m)
11
Units =
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 17: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Types of Deformation/Strain as a result of Applied Stress
12
Stress StrainCompressional folding, faulting, thickening
Tensional thinning, faulting, extensionShearing translation (lateral displacement)
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 18: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A) take some measurements of the fossil to determine the orientation and the amount of strain because that would tell you about tectonic stresses that have been applied to the fossil.
13
You are a field geologist, and while mapping you discover the deformed fossil shown below. To determine how it was deformed you would need to?
Deformed fossilUndeformed fossil
B) take some measurements of the fossil to assess the degree of stress because that would tell you about the strain applied to the fossil.
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 19: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A) take some measurements of the fossil to determine the orientation and the amount of strain because that would tell you about tectonic stresses that have been applied to the fossil.
14
You are a field geologist, and while mapping you discover the deformed fossil shown below. To determine how it was deformed you would need to?
Deformed fossilUneformed fossil
B) take some measurements of the fossil to assess the degree of stress because that would tell you about the strain applied to the fossil.
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 20: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3 types of plate boundaries = 3 types of Stress = 3 types of strain
Combinations of Ductile and Brittle Deformation/Strain
15
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 21: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of Deformation/Strain as a result of Applied Stress
Brittle - Rocks change shape by fracturing
Ductile - Rocks change shape without visibly fracturing
16
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 22: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Brittle and Ductile Deformation
17
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 23: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Brittle and Ductile Deformation
17
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 24: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
18
Look at the line on the graph which shows the relationship between rock strength and depth: Do rocks get weaker or stronger as they get deeper into in Earth’s Crust?
A) Stronger B) WeakerC) Cannot tell
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 25: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
19
Look at the line on the graph which shows the relationship between rock strength and depth: Do rocks get weaker or stronger as they get deeper into in Earth’s Crust?
A) Stronger B) WeakerC) Cannot tell
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 26: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
20
In your Groups: Discuss why rocks get stronger in the crust at greater depths.
Take a 1-2 minutes to
discuss in your groups
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 27: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
21
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 28: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
21
Notice that at ~15 km within the Earth’s curst the rocks begin to weaken with depth. This is likely the result of___________________.
A) of a compositional change in the rocks
B) greater pressure at depth
C) greater temperature at depth
D) plate tectonics
Take a 1-2 minutes to discuss in your groups
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 29: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
22
Rock Strength (Brittle-Ductile Transition)
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 30: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Why do rocks deform in two different ways?
Brittle Ductile
23
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 31: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Why do rocks deform in two different ways?
Brittle Ductile
23
Composition, Temperature, Pressure
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 32: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Why do rocks deform in two different ways?
Brittle Ductile
23
Composition, Temperature, Pressureand
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 33: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Why do rocks deform in two different ways?
Brittle Ductile
23
Composition, Temperature, Pressureand
Strain Rate
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 34: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
24
Strain Rate
The rate at which strain accumulates in the rock (strain rate) affects whether a rock deforms as a brittle solid or as a ductile solid.
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 35: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
25
Group clicker Question:What would cause the Brittle-ductile transition to be at a more shallow depth in Earth’s crust?
A) low strain rates
B) steepening of Earth’s geothermal gradient.
C) A shallowing of the Earth’s geothermal gradient
D) composition change to rocks similar to the mantle.
E) Both A and CThursday, September 12, 13
![Page 36: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
26
Group clicker Question:What would cause the Brittle-ductile transition to be at a more shallow depth in Earth’s crust?
A) low strain rates
B) steepening of Earth’s geothermal gradient.
C) A shallowing of the Earth’s geothermal gradient
D) composition change to rocks similar to the mantle.
E) Both A and CThursday, September 12, 13
![Page 37: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Denali Brittle Ductile Transition
27
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 38: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3 types of plate boundaries = 3 types of Stress = 3 types of strain
Combinations of Ductile and Brittle Deformation/Strain
28
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 39: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Brittle and Ductile Deformation
29
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 40: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Brittle and Ductile Deformation
29
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 41: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
30
Elastic Strain (recoverable deformation)
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 42: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
31
Brittle Strain (non-recoverable)
Elastic Limit
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 43: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Text
Thursday, September 12, 13
![Page 44: Structural Geology and Deformation - Arizona State Universitydevecchio.asu.edu/Duane_E._DeVecchio/GEOL10_files/5a_Structural_Geology.pdf1 QUIZ: Chapter 13 Review – Chapter 9 Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052800/5f10884c7e708231d449930f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ductile/plastic strain (non-recoverable)
33
Thursday, September 12, 13