Structural Design I - Block Research...
Transcript of Structural Design I - Block Research...
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Philippe Block ∙ Joseph Schwartz
http://www.block.arch.ethz.ch/eq/
Structural Design I
Structural design I+II
1. Introduction
2. Equilibrium and graphic static
3.+4. Cables
13. Cable-net and membrane structures
5.+7. Arches
14.+15. Vaults, domes and shells
16. Spatial arch-cable-structures
6.+8. Arch-cable-structures
12. Materials and dimensioning
9. Trusses
17. Spacial trusses
10.+11. Beams and frames
16. Shear walls and plates
20. Columns
19. Bending
Structural design I
Structural design II
Course overview
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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MembranwirkungMembran, SchaleBalken
Bogen, Seil
PlattenRaumfachwerk
Als äusseres Tragwerk
Beton, gerissen
Fachwerk
Als inneres Tragwerk
Stahl / Holz
BalkenrosteBogen-Seiltragwerk
Als äusseres Tragwerk Als inneres Tragwerk
Beton vorgespannt
Bogen, Seil,
Bogen-Seiltragwerk
Structural behavior of simple beam
Arch, cableas external structure
Arch, cable,membrane, Schale Membrane action
as external structureas internal structure as internal structure
Arch-cable structures
Arch-cable structures,truss,
space truss
Beam,beam grid,
slab
pre-stressed concrete
steel/ wood
cracked concrete
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2
300
800
700
m
kN
kN
kN
200
kN
700
200
300
kN
kN
kN 800
kN
Structural behavior of simple beam
Force diagramScale 1 cm = 1 kN
Form diagramScale 1 : 100
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kN
800
2
800
200
kN
300
300
kN
kN
700
m
200
700
kN
kN
kN
kN
Structural behavior of simple beam
Force diagramScale 1 cm = 1 kN
Form diagramScale 1 : 100
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kN
200
700 kN
200
kN
kN 800
300
kN
300
kN
kN
kN 800
700
Structural behavior of simple beam
Force diagramScale 1 cm = 1 kN
Form diagramScale 1 : 100
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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300700
800
kN
kN
300
kN kN200
kN
700
kN
800
kN
200
kN
Reinforced concrete beam
10Reinforced concrete beam
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300
700
kN
700
300
kN
800
800kN
kN
kN
kN
200
kN
200
kN
Reinforced concrete beam
12Reinforced concrete beam
13Reinforced concrete beam
14Reinforced concrete beam
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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kN
800
700
800 kN
kN
kN
200
300700
kN
300
kN
200
kN
kN
Steel beam
17Steel beam
18Steel beam
19Steel beam
20Steel beam
21Steel beam
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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A B
BA
F
F
Beam under concentrated and distributed loads
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q
q
Q/2 Q/2
Q/2 Q/2
Beam under concentrated and distributed loads
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maximal belastetmaximal belastetDruckzone und Zugzone Schubzone
maximal belastetSchubzone
q
q
Q/2
Q/2 Q/2
Q/2Q/2
q
Q/2
Beam under concentrated and distributed loads
Shear zonemaximum loading
Shear zonemaximum loading
compression and tension zonemaximum loading
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MembranwirkungMembran, SchaleBalken
Bogen, Seil
PlattenRaumfachwerk
Als äusseres Tragwerk
Beton, gerissen
Fachwerk
Als inneres Tragwerk
Stahl / Holz
BalkenrosteBogen-Seiltragwerk
Als äusseres Tragwerk Als inneres Tragwerk
Beton vorgespannt
Bogen, Seil,
Bogen-Seiltragwerk
Structural behavior of simple beam
Arch, cableas external structure
Arch, cable,membrane, Schale Membrane action
as external structureas internal structure as internal structure
Arch-cable structures
Arch-cable structures,truss,
space truss
Beam,beam grid,
slab
pre-stressed concrete
steel/ wood
cracked concrete
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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B
A
A
B
F
F
A
BF
Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
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A
B
q
q
A
B
B
A
F
Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
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maximal belastetSchubzone
q
A
B
A
B
q
q
B
A
Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
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BA
q
Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
John Andrews & WMZ Architects, Nicolet, Dressel Associates & Bruno Thürlimann: CN Tower, Toronto, 1976
32Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
John Andrews & WMZ Architects, Nicolet, Dressel Associates & Bruno Thürlimann: CN Tower, Toronto, 1976
33Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
John Andrews & WMZ Architects, Nicolet, Dressel Associates & Bruno Thürlimann: CN Tower, Toronto, 1976
34Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
John Andrews & WMZ Architects, Nicolet, Dressel Associates & Bruno Thürlimann: CN Tower, Toronto, 1976
35Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
John Andrews & WMZ Architects, Nicolet, Dressel Associates & Bruno Thürlimann: CN Tower, Toronto, 1976
36Cantilever under concentrated and distributed loads
John Andrews & WMZ Architects, Nicolet, Dressel Associates & Bruno Thürlimann: CN Tower, Toronto, 1976
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
38Overhanging beam
Pier Luigi Nervi: project, airport terminal, Rom, 1957
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A B
q
Overhanging beam
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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l' l'
l
0.5 f
l l
0.5 f
A B C D
F F
DCBA
F F
q
q
Gerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)
42Gerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)
Riccardo Morandi: Polcevera viaduct, Genoa, 1968
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eQ
Gerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)
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Beams
Structural behaviour of a simple beamReinforced concrete beamSteel beamBeam under concentrated and distributed loadsCantilever under concentrated and distributed loadsOverhanging beamGerber’s beam (Hinged girder system)Continuous beam
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Schubzone
max. bel. maximal belastet max. bel.alle ZonenDruckzone und Zugzonealle Zonen
q
B
A
q
q
A
B
C
D
C
D
D
C
B
A
Continuous beam
every zonemax. loading
every zonemax. loading
Shear zone
compression and tension zonemaximum loading
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0.33 f
l 0.79 l
0.66 f
0.21 l
l
0.58 l l0.21 l 0.58 l
0.79 l
0.21 l 0.79 l
q
EDCBA
q
Continuous beam
47Continuous beam
Arnold Bürkli: Quai bridge, Zurich, 1884