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StrongOxidizingAgentsChemicalClassStandardOperatingProcedure
Rev.Date:2017-03-28
StrongOxidizingAgents(SOAs)H270H271H272
ThisSOPisnotasubstituteforhands-ontraining.PrintacopyandinsertintoyourlaboratorySOPbinder.
Department: Chemistry
DateSOPwaswritten: Thursday,March23,2017
DateSOPwasapprovedbyPI/labsupervisor: Friday,March24,2017
PrincipalInvestigator:Name:F.Fischer
Signature:______________________________
InternalLabSafetyCoordinatororLabManager:Name:StephenvonKugelgen
LabPhone:510.301.1058
OfficePhone:510.642.8252
EmergencyContact:Name:StephenvonKugelgen
PhoneNumber:510.301.1058
Location(s)coveredbythisSOP: TanHall674,675,676,679,680,683,684
1.Purpose
ThisSOPcoverstheprecautionsandsafehandlingproceduresfortheuseofStrongOxidizingAgents(SOAs).
ForalistofSOAscoveredbythisSOPandtheiruse(s),seethe“ListofChemicals”.ProceduresdescribedinSection12applytoallmaterialscoveredinthisSOP.Achangetothe“ListofChemicals”doesnotconstituteachangeintheSOPrequiringrevieworretraining.Ifyouhavequestionsconcerningtheapplicabilityofanyrecommendationorrequirementlistedinthisprocedure,contactthePrincipalInvestigator/LaboratorySupervisororthecampusChemicalHygieneOfficeratucbcho@berkeley.edu.
2.Physical&ChemicalProperties/DefinitionofChemicalGroup
Oxidizingchemicalsarematerialsthatpromote/supportcombustionorspontaneouslyevolveoxygenatroomtemperatureorwithslightheating.TherateofO2evolutionincreasesrapidlyasthetemperatureincreases,oftenleadingtoafireorexplosion.Thisclassofchemicalsincludesperoxides,chlorates,
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perchlorates,nitrates,andpermanganates.Strongoxidizersarecapableofformingexplosivemixtureswhenmixedwithcombustible,organicoreasilyoxidizedmaterials.
3.PotentialHazards/Toxicity
Strongoxidizingagentscanpresentfireandexplosivehazards.Thishazardishighestwhenthereisapossibilityofanoxidizingagentcomingincontactwithareducingagent,afuel,orsomeothercombustible.TheNFPAdefinesfourcategoriesofstrongoxidizers,dividedbytheseverityofriskwhenmixedwithothercompounds:
•Class1.Anoxidizerthatdoesnotmoderatelyincreasetheburnrateofanothermaterial.•Class2.Anoxidizerthatwillmoderatelyincreasetheburnrate.•Class3.Anoxidizerthatwillcauseasevereincreaseinburnrate.•Class4.Anoxidizerthathasthepotentialtoleadtoanexplosiveoxidationwhencombinedwithothermaterials.
TheGloballyHarmonizedSystemofClassificationandLabelingofChemicals(GHS)designatesacutelytoxicchemicalsbyoneormoreofthefollowingHcodes:
H270Maycauseorintensifyfire;oxidizerH271Maycausefireorexplosion;strongoxidizerH272Mayintensifyfire;oxidizer
Strongoxidizingagentsmayalsohaveotherhazardouspropertiesinadditiontheiroxidizingproperties.Safeuserequiresassessingallpotentialhazards.ItisthePrincipal Investigator’s responsibility toensureactivity-specific laboratoryproceduresand/orprocessesaretakenintoaccountwhenusingthisChemicalClassSOP.Please,reviewtheSDSofanychemicalbeforeuse(seeSection11–SDSLocation).
4.EngineeringControls
Usetheengineeringcontrolslistedbelowunlessotherlab-specificinformationisincludedinSection12-Protocol/Procedure.
• WorkwithSOAs–theworkmustbeconductedinafumehoodunlessothercontrolsaredesignatedinthelab-specificProtocol/Proceduresection.Sashheightmustbekeptaslowaspossibletoavoidescapingfumesandprovideaphysicalbarrier.
• LaboratoriesandroomswhereSOAsareusedmusthavegeneralroomventilationthatisnegativepressurewithrespecttothecorridorsandexternalenvironment.Thelaboratory/roomdoormustbekeptclosedatalltimes.
5.PersonalProtectiveEquipment
Ataminimum,thefollowingPPEmustbewornatalltimes.EyeandFaceProtection
A. ANSIZ87.1-compliantsafetyglasseswithsideshields,orchemicalsplashgoggles.
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• Ordinary prescription glasses will NOT provide adequate protection unless they alsomeetANSIstandardandhavecompliantsideshields.
B. Ifthepotentialforexplosion/splashingexists,andadequatecoverageisnotprovidedbythehoodsash,afaceshieldmustbeworn.
SkinandBodyProtectionA. Glovesarerequiredwhenhandlinghazardouschemicals.
• RefertospecificchemicalSDSforinformationongloveselection.• Foradditionalinformationongloveselection,goto:
http://ehs.berkeley.edu/hs/63-laboratory-safety/94-glove-selection-and-usage.htmlB. Labcoatsarerequiredwhenhandlinghazardouschemicalsinthelab.Selectthetypeoflabcoat
accordingtothehazardsatthespecificworkplace.C. Longpants,closed-toe/closed-heelshoes,coveredlegs,andankles.
RespiratoryProtectionRespiratoryprotectionisnormallynotrequiredforUCBerkeleylaboratoryactivities.Anylabpersonnelconsideringtheuseofarespirator(e.g.N-95respirator,dustmask)mustcontactEH&Sforaworkplaceassessment.
6.FirstAidProceduresandMedicalEmergencies
Intheeventofaninjury,notifyyoursupervisorimmediatelyandEH&Swithin8hours.
GototheOccupationalHealthFacility(TangHealthCenter,oncampus); ifafterhours,gotothenearestemergencyroom(AltaBates,2450AshbyAveinBerkeley);or
Call911(fromacellphone:510-642-3333)if:
• itisalifethreateningemergency;or
• younotareconfidentinyourabilitytofullyassesstheconditionsoftheenvironmentand/orthe condition of the contaminated/injured person, or you cannot be assured of your ownsafety;or
• thecontaminated/injuredpersonisnotbreathingorisunconscious.
Please remember to provide a copy of the appropriate manufacturer SDS (if available) to theemergency responders or physician. At a minimum, be ready to provide the identity/name of anyhazardousmaterialsinvolved.
Incaseofskincontact
Ifskincontactoccurs,and/orskinorclothingareonfire,immediatelydrenchinthesafetyshowerwithcopious amounts of water for no less than 15 minutes to remove any remaining contaminants. Ifpossibletodosowithoutfurtherinjury,removeanyremainingjewelryorclothing.
Incaseofeyecontact
Rinse thoroughlywith plenty ofwater using an eyewash station for at least 15minutes, occasionallyliftingtheupperandlowereyelids.Removecontactlensesifpossible.
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Ifswallowed
DoNOT induce vomiting unless directed otherwise by the SDS. Never give anything bymouth to anunconsciousperson.Rinsemouthwithwater.
Ifinhaled
Moveintofreshair.
Needlestick/punctureexposure
Washtheaffectedareawithantisepticsoapandwarmwaterfor15minutes.
7.SpecialHandling,StorageandDisposalRequirements
Lab-specificinformationonhandlingandstoragemaybeincludedintheProtocol/Proceduresection.Precautionsforsafehandling
• Removeflammablesandreducingagentsfromimmediateworkarea.• Strongoxidizergases(e.g.,chlorine,oxygen)canreactstronglywithmetals.Useonlycompatible
cylinderfittings,regulatorsandpiping.Ifotherchemicalshaverecentlybeenusedwitharegulator,extensivelyflushtheregulatorwithaninertgasbeforeuse.
• Whenusingperchloratesalts,ifthepossibilityofthereleaseofperchloricacidfumesexists,theprocessmustbedoneinahooddesignedforperchloricacidrelease(seePECSOP).
• Eliminateorsubstituteforalesshazardousmaterialwhenpossible.• Designyourexperimenttousetheleastamountofmaterialpossibletoachievethedesired
result.• DonotexceedthescaleofproceduresspecifiedinProtocol/Proceduresectionwithoutapproval
ofthePI.• Verifyyourexperimentalset-upandprocedurepriortouse.• Knowthelocationofthenearesteyewash,safetyshowerandfireextinguisherbeforebeginning
work.• Uponleavingtheworkarea,removeanypersonalprotectiveequipmentwornandwashhands.• Attheendofeachproject,thoroughlydecontaminatetheworkareaaccordingtothematerial
beinghandled.Conditionsforsafestorage
• Oxidizersmustbestoredseparatelyfromflammablesandreducingagents,andwithconsiderationtootherhazardouspropertiesoftheparticularoxidizer.
• GasCylinders:Cylindersmustbestoredupright,withvalveprotectioncapinplace,andfirmlysecuredtopreventfallingorbeingknockedover.Cylindertemperaturesnottoexceed52°C(125°F).
Disposal● Wastematerialsgeneratedmustbetreatedasahazardouswaste.● TheemptycontainermustberinsedthreetimeswithaCOMPATIBLEsolvent;leaveitopen
inthebackofthehoodovernight.Solventrinsesandwaterrinsemustbedisposedofashazardouswaste.
● Asanalternative,unrinsedemptycontainerscanbedisposedofthroughEH&Sashazardouswaste.Theunrinsedemptycontainersmustbecapped.
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● Donotmixwithincompatiblewastestreams.● Decontaminationofcontainersinordertousethemforotherpurposesisnotpermitted.
8.ChemicalSpill
Spill–Assesstheextentofdanger;ifnecessaryrequesthelpbycalling911(fromacellphone:510-642-3333)foremergencyassistanceor510-642-3073fornon-lifethreateningsituations.Ifyoucannotassesstheconditionsoftheenvironmentwellenoughtobesureofyourownsafety,donotenterthearea.Ifpossiblehelpcontaminatedorinjuredpersons.Evacuatethespillarea.Avoidbreathingvaporsfromspill.Ifpossible,confinethespilltoasmallareausingaspillkitorabsorbentmaterial.Keepothersfromenteringcontaminatedarea.
• MinorSpill–Intheeventofaminorspill,ifthereisnopotentialforhazardouschemicalexposure,reportthespillto510-642-3073andproceedtocleanit,ifyouaretrained.Useappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentandclean-upmaterialforchemicalspilled.Doublebagspillwasteinclearplasticbags,labelandrequestpick-up.
• MajorSpill–Anyhazardouschemicalspillthatinvolveschemicalexposure,anychemicalspillthatduetosizeand/orhazardrequirescapabilitiesbeyondyourtraining,oranychemicalspillthatgivestheperception(becauseofodor,forexample)thattherehasbeenahazardousrelease.Call911or510-642-3073forassistance.
9.CleaningandDecontamination
Lab-specificinformationondecontaminationmaybeincludedinSection12-Protocol/Procedure.• WearingproperPPE,laboratoryworksurfacesmustbecleanedattheconclusionofeach
procedureandattheendofeachworkday.• Decontaminateallequipmentbeforeremovingfromadesignatedarea.
10.HazardousWasteDisposal
LabelWaste
• Labelallwastecontainers.SeetheEH&SFactSheet,“HazardousWasteManagement”forgeneralinstructionsonproceduresfordisposingofhazardouswaste.
DisposeofWaste
• Disposeofregularlygeneratedchemicalwastewithin6months.
• ContactEH&Sat642-3076ifyouneedassistance.
11.SafetyDataSheet(SDS)Location
SDScanbeaccessedonlineathttp://ucsds.com
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12.Protocol/Procedure–StrongOxidizingAgents
Procedure/Use Scale EngineeringControls/Equipment
PPE(eye,face,gloves,clothes) ProcedureStepsandPrecautions
1.UseSOAinoxidationsorasareagentinchemicalreactions.
Upto10gor200mLassuppliedinthereagentbottle.RemembertoobtainPIapprovalifhigherscaleisnecessary.Documentthisapprovalinyournotebook
Allreactionsusingthesematerialsmustbeperformedinaproperlyoperatingfumehoodwiththesashaslowaspossible.
Eyeprotection:WearANSIApprovedtight-fittingsafetygogglesorsafetyglasseswithsideshields.FaceProtection:Faceshieldsaretobeusedwhenthereisnoprotectionfromthehoodsash.HandProtection:Confirmcompatibilityofglovematerialwithchemicalbeingused.Generalguidance(unlessotherwisespecifiedinthespecificSDS):Nitrileglovesmustbeusedtopreventincidentalcontact.Forspillhandlingorforpotentialcontactwithlargerquantities,usedoublenitrileorheaviergaugenitrileorneoprenegloves.Glovesmustbeinspectedpriortouse.Washanddryhandsafteruse.Clothing:Wearlabcoat;fulllengthpantsorequivalent;andclose-toed,close-heeledshoes.
Usethesmallestamountnecessarytocompletetheexperiment.
Iffollowingaliteratureprocedure,donotmodifyitwithoutapprovalfromPI.ConsultPIonprocessbeforebeginning.
Eliminateanyincompatiblematerialsfrompotentialspillarea.
Carefullyweighmaterials.Useofenclosedbalanceortaredmethodwithsecondarycontainmentisrecommendedforsolidoxidizers.
Avoidspillnearthebalanceorcreatinganydust.
Avoidheatingorflameswhenhandlingthecompound.
Keepcontainersclosedwhennotinuse.
Cleanupanypowderthatmayhavespilledanddiscardeverythingaccordingtothechemicaldisposalprocedure.
Authorizedpersonusingastrongoxidizingagentisresponsibleforthesafecollectionanddisposalofwaste.Neverdisposeintocontainerwithincompatiblematerials.Neverdisposeintosinkdrain.
SpecialRemarksonExplosionHazards:StrongOxidizingAgentsreactEXPLOSIVELY
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withreducingagentsandoxidizablesolvents.DonotuseoxidizablesolventsTemperaturecontroloverthereactionsisrequiredtominimizepotentialexplosions.Caremustbetakentominimizeviolentreactionswithreducingagentsespeciallyunderacidicconditions.Gaseousoxygencanbeemitteduponreactionbetweenperoxideandsomemetalsorbysimplyheatingthusadequateventilation(pressurebubbleronaSchlenkmanifold,oranequilibratingballoon)hastobeusedtopreventdangerousoverpressurization.
Notes AnydeviationfromthisSOPrequiresapprovalfromPI.
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13.DocumentationofTraining(signatureofallusersisrequired)
• PriortoconductinganyworkwithSOAs,designatedpersonnelmustprovidetrainingtohis/herlaboratorypersonnelspecifictothehazardsinvolvedinworkingwiththissubstance,workareadecontamination,andemergencyprocedures.
• ThePrincipalInvestigatormustprovidehis/herlaboratorypersonnelwithacopyofthisSOPandacopyoftheSDSprovidedbythemanufacturer.
IhavereadandunderstandthecontentofthisSOP:
Name Signature Identifier Date
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Appendix–ListofStrongOxidizingAgents(non-exhaustivelist)TheNationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)Code430(1995)"CodefortheStorageofLiquidandSolidOxidizers"providesmanyexamplesoftypicaloxidizingmaterialslistedaccordingtotheNFPAclassificationsystem.Someoftheseexamplesinclude:
ChemicalName Formula CAS# ClassAmmoniumperchlorate NH4ClO4 7790-98-9 4Ammoniumpermanganate NH4MnO4 13446-10-1 4Bariumperoxide BaO2 1304-29-6 1Calciumchlorate CaClO3 10043-53-4 2Calciumhypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 7778-54-3 2(50%orlessbyweight)Chromicacid H2Cr2O7 7738-94-5 2
Hydrogenperoxide H2O2 7722-84-1>27.5-52%Class2,>52-91%Class3
Magnesiumperoxide MgO2 1335-26-8 1
NitricAcid HNO3 <40%Class1,>40-86%Class2,>86%Class3
Perchloricacid HClO4 7601-90-3>50-60%Class2,>60-72%Class3,>72%Class4
Potassiumbromate KBrO3 7758-01-2 3Potassiumchlorate KClO3 3811-04-9 3Potassiumperoxide K2O2 17014-71-0 2Sodiumchlorate NaClO3 7775-09-9 3Sodiumchlorite NaOCl 7758-19-2 >40%Class3Sodiumperchlorate NaClO4 7601-89-0 2Sodiumperoxide Na2O2 1313-60-6 2
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ListofChemicals
Chemical(s) Chemical(s) Chemical(s)((S)-(−)-2,2ʹ-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1ʹ-binaphth
([2S,3S]-Bis[Diphenylphosphino]butane)(η3-allyl)
([R]-[+]-2,2ʹ-Bis[diphenylphosphino]-1,1ʹ-binaphth
(Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene)[(2S,3S)-bis(diphen
(Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene)[1,1ʹ-bis(diphenylp
1,1ʹ,3,3,3ʹ,3ʹ-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanineperch
1,1ʹ-Dioctadecyl-4,4ʹ-bipyridiniumdiperchlorate
1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
1,3-Diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin 1-Bromo-2,3,4-tribenzoyl-L-rhamnopyranose
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumnitrate
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumnitrate 2,2,5-Trimethyl-4-phenyl-3-azahexane-3-nitroxide
2,2'-Bipyridiniumchlorochromate
3-Bromo-1-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
4-(Dimethylamino)pyridiniumchlorochromate
4-Carboxypyridiniumdichromate
4-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonylazide 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridiniumperchlorate
Aluminumperchloratenonahydrate
Aminoguanidinenitrate Ammoniumcerium(IV)nitrate AmmoniumchromateAmmoniumdichromate Ammoniumiodate AmmoniumnitrateAmmoniumnitrate-15N Ammoniumnitrate-15N2 AmmoniumperchlorateAmmoniumperrhenate Ammoniumpersulfate Ammonium-15NnitrateBariumbromate Bariumchloratemonohydrate BariumchromateBariumiodatemonohydrate Bariummanganate BariumnitrateBariumnitritehydrate Bariumperchlorate BariumperchloratehydrateBariumperchloratetrihydrate Bariumperiodate BariumperoxideBerylliumnitratesolution Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-
heptanedionato)lead(IIBis(bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene)rhodium(I)perch
Bis(tetrabutylammonium)dichromate
Bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammoniumnitrite
Bis[(R)-(−)-2,2ʹ-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1ʹ-binap
Bis[5-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]imino]-8(5H)-quino
Bismuthnitrateoxide Bismuthsubnitrate
Bismuth(III)nitratepentahydrate Bismuth(III)subnitratemonohydrate Bismuth(V)fluorideBromodiethylsulfoniumbromopentachloroantimonate(V
Bromonitromethane Cadmiumperchloratehydrate
Calciumhypochlorite Calciumiodate CalciumnitratehydrateCalciumnitrate-15N2 Calciumperchloratetetrahydrate CalciumperoxideCalciumperrhenate Cerium(III)nitratehexahydrate CesiumdichromateCesiumnitrate Cesiumperchlorate CesiumpermanganateChloricacid Chlorine Chromium(III)nitratenonahydrate
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Chromium(III)nitratesolution Chromium(VI)oxide ChromylchlorideCobalt(II)nitratehexahydrate Cobalt(II)perchloratehexahydrate CopperchromiteCopper(II)nitratehemi(pentahydrate)
Copper(II)nitratehydrate Copper(II)nitratetrihydrate
Copper(II)perchloratehexahydrate Dess-Martinperiodinane DibromoisocyanuricacidDichloro[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazol
Dinitrato(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)
Dinitrogentrioxide(gas)(unlabelledN2O3)
Diphenyliodoniumnitrate Dysprosium(III)nitratehydrate Erbium(III)nitratepentahydrateErbium(III)perchloratesolution Europium(III)nitratehydrate Europium(III)nitratepentahydrateGadolinium(III)nitratehexahydrate Gallium(III)nitratehydrate Gallium(III)perchloratehydrateGuanidinenitrate Holmium(III)nitratepentahydrate Holmium(III)perchloratesolutionHydrogenperoxidesolution Hydrogenperoxide-Ureaadduct ImidazoliumdichromateIndium(III)nitratehydrate Indium(III)perchloratehydrate IodicacidIodinetrichloride Iodopentoxide Iron(II)perchloratehydrateIron(III)perchloratehydrate Lanthanum(III)nitratehexahydrate Lanthanum(III)nitratehydrateLeadoxide Lead(II)iodate Lead(II)nitrateLead(II)perchloratehydrate Lead(II)perchloratetrihydrate LithiumdichromatehydrateLithiumhypochlorite Lithiumiodate LithiumnitrateLithiumperchlorate Lithiumperchloratetrihydrate LithiumperoxideLithium-6Linitrate Lutetium(III)nitratehydrate MagnesiumiodatetetrahydrateMagnesiumnitrate Magnesiumperchlorate Magnesiumperchlorate
hexahydrateMagnesiumperchloratehydrate Magnesiumpermanganatehydrate MagnesiumperoxidecomplexMagnesiumperoxidelight Manganese(II)nitratehydrate Manganese(II)nitratesolutionManganese(II)nitratetetrahydrate Manganese(II)perchloratehydrate Manganese(III)fluorideMercury(II)perchloratehydrate N,N-Dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide N,N-Dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline
solutionNeodymium(III)nitratehexahydrate Neodymium(III)nitratehydrate NickelperoxideNickel(II)nitratehexahydrate Nickel(II)peroxidehydrate NitricacidNitricacid-dsolution Nitricoxide Nitric-15NacidsolutionNitric-15Nacid-18O3solution Nitric-15Noxide-18O NitrogendioxideNitrosylsulfuricacidsolution Nitrousoxide Nitrousoxide-15N2Nitrousoxide-15N2,18O N-tert-Butyl-N-(2-methyl-1-
phenylpropyl)-O-(1-phenN-tert-Butyl-O-[1-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-N
Oxygen Oxygen-17O2 Oxygen-18O2Palladium(II)nitratedihydrate Palladium(II)nitratehydrate Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III)
nitratePerchloricacid Perchloricacid-dsolution PeriodicacidPhenylselenozincchloride Phosphomolybdicacidhydrate Platinum(IV)oxidePlatinum(IV)oxidehydrate Platinum(IV)oxidemonohydrate PotassiumbromatePotassiumchlorate Potassiumchlorochromate Potassiumdichromate
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Potassiumdioxide Potassiumferrate(VI) PotassiumhydrogendiiodatePotassiumiodate Potassiummanganate PotassiumnitratePotassiumnitrate-14N Potassiumnitrate-15N Potassiumnitrate-15N,18O3Potassiumnitrite Potassiumnitrite-15N PotassiumperchloratePotassiumperiodate Potassiumpermanganate PotassiumperoxydiphosphatePotassiumperrhenate Potassiumperruthenate PraseodymiumnitratepentahydratePraseodymium(III)nitratehexahydrate
Pyridiniumchlorochromate Pyridiniumdichromate
Pyridiniumfluorochromate Rhodium(III)nitratehydrate RubidiumchromateRubidiumnitrate Rubidiumperchlorate Ruthenium(III)nitrosylnitrate
solutionSamarium(III)nitratehexahydrate Scandium(III)nitratehydrate Scandium(III)perchloratesolutionSilverbromate Silverchlorate SilverchromateSilveriodate Silvernitrite SilveroxideSilverperchlorate Silverperchloratehydrate SilverperchloratemonohydrateSilver(I)oxide Silver(II)fluoride Sodium(meta)periodateSodium(para)periodate Sodiumbis(2-hydroxy-2-
methylbutyrato)oxochromate(Sodiumbromate
Sodiumchlorate Sodiumchlorite SodiumdichloroisocyanurateSodiumdichromate Sodiumdichromatedihydrate Sodiumhexanitrocobaltate(III)Sodiumiodate Sodiumnitrate Sodiumnitrate-15NSodiumnitrite Sodiumnitrite-15N SodiumperboratemonohydrateSodiumperboratetetrahydrate Sodiumpercarbonate SodiumperchlorateSodiumperchloratemonohydrate Sodiumperchlorate-18O4 SodiumpermanganatemonohydrateSodiumpermanganatesolution Sodiumperoxide SodiumperrhenateSodiumpersulfate Strontiummanganate(VI) StrontiumnitrateStrontiumperoxide Terbium(III)nitratehexahydrate Terbium(III)nitratepentahydratetert-Butylhypochlorite Tetraamminepalladium(II)nitrate
solutionTetraammineplatinum(II)hydrogencarbonate
Tetraammineplatinum(II)nitrate Tetrabutylammonium(meta)periodate
Tetrabutylammoniumchlorochromate
Tetrabutylammoniumnitrate Tetrabutylammoniumperchlorate TetraethylammoniumnitrateTetrahexadecylammoniumperchlorate
Tetrahexylammoniumperchlorate Tetrakis(pyridine)silver(I)dichromate
Tetramethylammoniumnitrate Tetramethylammoniumperchlorate TetranitromethaneTetrapentylammoniumperchlorate Tetraphenylphosphonium
acetatodichlorodioxoruthenaTetrapropylammoniumperchlorate
Tetrapropylammoniumperruthenate Thallium(I)nitrate Thallium(I)perrhenateThallium(III)nitratetrihydrate Thallium(III)perchloratehydrate ThoriumnitratehydrateThulium(III)nitratepentahydrate Tin(IV)nitrate Titanium(IV)nitrateTrichloroisocyanuricacid Trichloromelamine Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)
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nitrateTris(ethylenediamine)rhodium(III)nitrate
Tris[trinitratocerium(IV)]paraperiodate
Uranylnitratehexahydrate
Woodward’sreagentL Xenondifluoride Ytterbium(III)nitratepentahydrateYttrium(III)nitratehexahydrate Yttrium(III)nitratetetrahydrate Yttrium(III)perchloratesolutionZincnitratehexahydrate Zincnitratehydrate ZincperchloratehexahydrateZincperoxide Zirconium(IV)nitrate Zirconium(IV)oxynitratehydrateZirconylnitratesolution