IDENTIFICATION OF STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT RELATIVES AND
Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars
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Transcript of Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars
Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars
Xianchun Xia
National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wheat Breeding, CAAS
Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China
China is the largest epidemic area of stripe rust in the world.Fifteen countrywide stripe rust epidemics have been recorded since 1950, and losses of 6.0, 3.2, 1.8 and 1.3 million metric tons of wheat occurred in 1950, 1964, 1990 and 2002, respectively.
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Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China
2005, 2006:
Epidemic areas are around 4 m ha,
with yield loses of 240,000 tons under the
application of fungicides.
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Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China
Frequencies of races of P. striiformis tritici
(2005, 2006):
CYR31: -, 5.13% (2006)
CYR 32: 29.97%, 29.82%
Shuiyuan 11 races (including 14 pathotypes)
49.02%, 53.40%
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Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China
Frequency of virulence (2006):
Yr3 (Danish 1): 95.98%
Yr3b,4b (Hybrid 46): 41.75%
Yr 6 (Trigo Eureka): 94.73%
Yr9 (Lovrin 10 and 13): 79.06%
YrA (Funo): 96.12%
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Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China
Effective genes currently:
Yr5, Yr10, Yr11, Yr12, Yr13, Yr14, Yr15, Yr16,
Yr18, Yr26, Yr27, YrC591, YrSpp and YrGaby
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Stripe rust epidemics in southwestern China
Resistant Susceptible
Chuanmai 42
Chuanmai 107
Ten wheat regions in China
25o
30o
35o
40o
45o
50o
Hot spot
Longnan of Gansu province is a hot-spot for stripe rust
Problems
• Frequent changes in the population of isolates of P. striiformis tritici
• Lack of diversity in resistance, about half of the Chinese wheat cultivars derived from 1B/1R translocation containing Yr9
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Crucial issue in wheat breeding for stripe rust
Durable resistance!
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Breeding for Durable Resistance
1. Major genes : pyramiding, multilines, gene deployment
2. Slow stripe rusting
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Deployment of Stripe rust resistance genes in Longnan of Gansu province
Deployment of Stripe rust resistance genes in Longnan of Gansu province
1. High-altitude areasLantian 14, 15 (Yr13), 18 (from Flinor), 19 (Yr12), 20
(Yr16) etc.
2. Middle-altitude areasLantian 11, 12, 21, 22
3. Low-altitude areasLantian 17 (Yr26), 23 (from SaxF4-7), Zhongzhi 1
(YrC591), Longjian 9343 (Yr10)
Studies for stripe rust resistance
1. Characterization of seedling and adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in Chinese wheat cultivars
2. Mapping of stripe rust resistance genes
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Seedling resistance to stripe rust
1. 98 wheat cultivars and advanced lines
2. 26 isolates of P. striiformis tritici
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Of the 98 cultivars and lines, 42 contain Yr9,
19 haveYr26/ Yr24, and others possess Yr3a,
Yr4a, Yr6, Yr7, YrSD
Three lines, N139, 323-2 and 3S857, were
resistant to all isolates tested
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Seedling resistance to stripe rust
Yr15 was resistant to all isolates. Yr24 /Yr26 showed low infection type to all isolates except 75078.Yr10 displayed resistant to all isolates except 75078 and 72107 。
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Seedling resistance to stripe rust
Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust
1. 135 wheat cultivars and lines2 、 Beijing and Tianshui of Gansu
province 2003-04 、 2004-05
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1. Disease Severity, Infection Type2. AUDPC , the Aera Under Disease
Progress Curve
AUDPC=
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i i+1
1
i+1 i[(X +X )/2][T -T ]n
i=∑
Characterization of adult-plant
resistance to stripe rust
Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust
1. 32 cultivars showed adult-plant resistance, which were highly susceptible to the isolate CYR32 at seedling stage, but moderately/highly resistant at adult plant stage with lower FDS (Final Disease Severity) and AUDPC,2. A significant correlation was found between FDS and
AUDPC (r= 0.91-0.98). Therefore, FDS might be a preferable parameter to AUDPC in breeding programs due to economy in assessing large
numbers of genotypes. (Li et al. Plant Dis. 90: 1302-1312 )
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Mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in Chinese wheats
1. Stripe rust resistance in Zhou8425B
Zhou 8425B was a good parent, from which 7 widely grown wheat cultivars and several advanced lines derived. Based on seedling test with 26 isolates of P. striiformis tritici, it may contain new stripe rust resistance genes.
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B
Pedigree information:
Zhou 78A /Annong 7959 (St2422-464 / Nainari 60) ↓
Zhou 8425B (resistant to stripe rust, leaf rust and PM)
During the past 20 years, about 40 cultivars have been developed from the line.(Seeds were offered Prof. Jorge Dubcovski, UC Davis)
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B
F1, F2 and F3 populations from
the cross
Zhou 8425B / Chinese Spring
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B
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Frequency of seedlings with infection typea
Plant material 0 0; 1 2 3 4
Chinese Spring 18
Zhou 8425B 2 6 4
F1 8
F2 121 88 231 25 146
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B
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Fig. 1 Electrophoresis of PCR product amplified with SSR marker Xcfa2040 in polyacrylamide gel. A, allele for resistant parent Zhou 8425B (P1); B, allele for Chinese Spring (P2); Br, resistant bulk; Bs, susceptible bulk; An, Annong 7959; Zh, Zhou 78A; R, resistant F2
plants S, susceptible F2 plants
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B (F3 families)
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Allele b Marker Genotype a
A H B Total
Xcfa2040 RR 29 29
Rr 1 43 2 46
rr 3 19 22
Total 30 46 21 97
Xbarc32 RR 27 2 29
Rr 2 41 3 46
rr 2 20 22
Total 29 45 23 97
Reaction patterns of Yr2, Yr6 and YrZH84 to 26 isolates
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Cultivar or line and their resistance genes to stripe rust
Yr6 /6*Avocet S Maris Huntsman Heines VII Clement Zhou 8425B Isolate Origin a
Yr6 Yr2, Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr13 Yr2, Yr25 Yr9, YrCle Yr9, YrZH84
CYR26 China 3+ 3
+
,4
3 0 0
CYR27 China 3 3 4 0 0;
CYR29 China 4 4 4 4 1+, 2
CYR32 China 4 4 3+, 4 4 1+, 2
Su-1 China 3 0; 2+ 0 0
PE92 Italy 3+, 4 1+, 2 + 2 0 0
59791 Netherlands 0; 3 3 0 0
60105 Germany 0;+ 0;
+, 1
+ 0;
+, 2
+ 0 0
61009 Netherlands 0;, 2 0; 0 0 0
68009 Netherlands 4 4 4 0 0
72107 - 3 0; 0;, 1 0 0
74187 Ecuador 0 0;+ 0, 0; 0,0; 0
75078 Egypt 2+ 3 3, 3
+ 0 0
76088 Afghanistan 3 0 0; 0 0
76093 Pakistan 3+, 4 0; 1+
0 0
78028 Israel 4 0; 1, 2+ 0 0
78080 Mexico 4 4 3 0 0
80551 Netherlands 2+ 3 3 4 3
+, 4
82061 Chile 3 4 4 4 3
82517 France 1+, 2 4 4 0 0
85019 Chile 4 4 2 0; 0
86036 Bolivia 0;+ 0;
+ 0;
+ 0; 0
86094 Kenya 4 0; 0 3 2
86106 Ethiopia 4 0;
,1+
4 0 0
86107 Ethiopia 3 0, 0; 3 4 2
Li et al. Theor Appl Genet, 112: 1098-1103
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
Pedigree information:
Chuanmai 42 from Syn769/Sw3243//Chuan6415
Syn769 was derived from Decoy 1, a T. turgidum
accession (AABB), and Ae. tauschii 188 (DD).
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
Chuanmai 42 /Taichung 29
787 F2 plants, 185 F3 families
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
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Infection type a Material
No. of p lant s
scored 0 0; 1 1+ 2 2+ 3- 3 3+ 4 _ 2
3: 1
Chuanmai 42 30 30
Taichung 29 30 9 21
F2 787 3 324 98 97 64 13 3 23 15 147
0.52
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
819 SSR primers bulked segregant analysis (BSA) Chromosome 1BL:Xwmc626, Xgwm273, Xgwm11, Xgwm18, Xbarc137, Xbarc187, Xgwm498, Xbarc240 and Xwmc216
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Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
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M P1P2BRBSRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S M
*
200bp
300bp
Amplification of a part of F2 plants derived from the cross
Chuanmai 42×Taichung 29 using SSR marker Xgwm11. M :Marker, P1:Chuanmai 42, P2:Taichung 29, BR:resistant bulk,
BS:susceptible bulk, R:resistant progenies, S:susceptible
progenies, *:recombinant progenies, Arrow on the right side
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
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Resistant plant Susceptible plant Linkage to YrCH42 Marker
A H B A H B Expected Ratio
a _2
b
Distance LOD c
Xwmc626 207 375 10 2 10 172 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.84 3.3 cM 30.7
Xgwm273 205 381 8 0 10 173 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.48 2.5 cM 32.5
Xgwm11 207 386 8 0 9 174 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.6 2.3 cM 33.0
Xgwm18 204 388 8 0 8 175 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.21 2.2 cM 33.4
Xbarc137 205 388 7 0 9 175 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.45 2.2 cM 33.4
Xbarc187 204 379 7 0 9 174 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.34 2.2 cM 33.0
Xgwm498 200 382 7 0 4 181 A:H:B=1:2:1 0.37 1.5 cM 35.7
Xbarc240 191 388 13 0 15 169 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.36 3.8 cM 29.6
Xwmc216 176 376 10 3 45 171 A:H:B=1:2:1 4.89 14.8 cM 15.7
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
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Xgwm498 -1B b Xgwm187 -1B b Genotype a Total
A H B A H B
RR 50 49 1 0 48 2 0
Rr 95 4 90 3 4 91 2
rr 41 0 0 40 0 1 39
Total 186 53 91 43 52 94 41
1
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
Wheat Breeding, CAAS
Xwmc626
Xgwm273
Xgwm11
Xgwm18
Xbarc137
Xbarc187
YrCH42
Xgwm498
Xbarc240
Xwmc216
1.5cM
0.4cM
0.3cM
0.6cM
0.3cM
2.3cM
1.6cM
3.2cM
12.5cM
1B
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
Wheat Breeding, CAAS
1BS
1BL
1.6cM
2.7cM
5.6cM
1.3cM
1.9cM
Xpsp30001.2cM
Yr24Yr26 YrCH42
Xgwm498
Xwmc44
Xgwm18
Xgwm273
YrH52
Yr29
Xgwm413
Yr15
4.3cM
Yr10
Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42
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Yr24 /3*
Avocet S
Yr26 /3*
Avocet S
Chuanmai
42 Isolate
Yr24 Yr26 YrCH42
58893 0; 0;+ 0;
59791 0;- 1 0, 1 0
60105 0;+ 0;+ 0;
61009 0; 0; 0, 0;
68009 0; 0; 0;
72107 0;+, 1
+ 0;
+, 1 0;
+, 1
74187 0; 0; 0;
75078 2+ 2+, 3 2+, 3
76088 0 0; 0;
76093 0;, 1+ 0; 0;
78028 0; 0; 0, 0;
78080 0; 0; 0;
80551 0; 0; 0;
82061 0; 0; 0;
82517 0;+ 0;
+ 0;
+
85019 0; 0, 1 0; 1
86036 0;+ 0;
+ 0;
86094 0; -1 0; 0;
86106 0;+ 0;
+ 0;
+
86107 0; 0; 0;
CYR26 0 0; 0
CYR27 0; 0; 0, 0;
CYR29 0;+ 0;+ 0;+
CYR32 0;+ 0;+ 0;+
CYR -Su-1 0 0, 0; 0;
PE92 0;+ 0; 0;+
Li et al. Theor Appl Genet, 112: 1434-1440
QTL mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust
1. ( Pingyuan 50 × Mianxian169 ) F2:3 and DH lines
2004-05 , 2005-06 , 2006-07 in Beijing and Gansu
2. ( Libellula×Huixianhong) F2:3 lines tested in Beijing and Gansu
2004-05 , 2005-06 , 2006-07
3. ( N.Strampelli×Huixianhong) F2:3 lines tested in Beijing and Gansu,
2004-05 , 2005-06 , 2006-07
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Shuttle breeding with CIMMYT for adult-plant resistance
Thank you Thank you !!