Strip-Till Soybean Production - Cool Bean2016-17 Strip Tillage Research • Two small-plot studies...
Transcript of Strip-Till Soybean Production - Cool Bean2016-17 Strip Tillage Research • Two small-plot studies...
Strip-Till Soybean ProductionJohn Gaska, Derek Potratz, Spyridon Mourtzinis
and Shawn ConleySenior Research Agronomist, Graduate Student, Post Doc
and Professor of AgronomyCollege of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Does Strip Tillage or Fertilizer Placement Influence the Soybean Row Spacing Yield Response?
• Strip tillage adoption in corn and soybean has increased• Can alleviate cold, compacted soils in rotated production systems• Potential agronomic benefits
– earlier planting dates– warmer soil temperatures– greater fertilizer efficiencies– less soil disturbance and fertilizer incorporation– soybean yield response to strip till has tended to be less consistent
than in corn The Objective of this study is:• Quantify the effect of strip tillage and fertilizer placement on
soybean stand establishment and seed yield
2016-17 Strip Tillage Research
• Two small-plot studies at Arlington Agricultural Research Station– Previous crop corn– Replicated RCB design– 4 row by 30” Remlinger strip-till unit with shanks set to till 6” deep– All strip till treatments in 30” spacing regardless of the soybean row spacing– Fertilizer (15-38-131 lbs/a N-P-K ) was applied either on the surface prior to
strip tilling or deep banded with the strip tiller• Two large field-scale trials in Sharon, WI
– Previous crop corn– Replicated RCB design– Kuhn Krause Gladiator strip till unit (12 row by 30”)– All strip till treatments in 30” spacing– Fertilizer (15-38-131 lbs/a N-P-K ) was applied either on the surface prior to
strip tilling or deep banded with the strip tiller
Strip tillage equipment
4 row by 30” Remlinger strip-till unitGandy fertilizer applicator boxes
Kuhn Krause Gladiator strip-till unit12 row by 30”Montag fertilizer applicator
Small plot research Field scale research
Field scale plots
Strip-till treatmentsAll strips were on 30” centers
On-farm treatments
Treatment Tillage Soybean row space Fertilizer
1 Spring strip 15" Surface2 Spring strip 30" Surface3 Spring strip 15" Banded4 Spring strip 30" Banded5 No-till 15" Surface
Small plot #1 treatmentsTreatment Tillage Soybean
row space Fertilizer
1 Fall strip 15" Surface2 Fall strip 30" Surface3 Spring strip 15" Surface4 Spring strip 30" Surface5 No-till 15" Surface6 No-till 30" Surface7 Spring strip 15" Banded8 Spring strip 30" Banded
Small plot #2 treatmentsTreatment Tillage Soybean
row space Fertilizer
1 Spring strip 15" Surface
2 Spring strip 30" Surface
3 Spring strip 15" Banded
4 Spring strip 30" Banded
5 No-till 15" Surface6 No-till 30" Surface
Strip tillage and planter alignment
30” corn row spacing
Strip
till
for 3
0” so
ybea
n pl
antin
g
For 30” soybean planted into 30” corn, set strip-till steering shift 15”For 15” soybean planted into 30” corn, set strip-till steering shift 7.5”
Penetration resistance by depthSmall plot experiments. 2017
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
30
32.5
35
37.5
40
42.5
45
47.5
0 500 1000 1500
Dept
h (c
m)
Penetration Resistance (kPa)
No-till
Strip-till
-----Shank depth-----
Custom leaf barrier
Penetration resistance by depthOn-farm and small plot. 2017
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
30
32.5
35
37.5
40
42.5
45
47.5
0 500 1000 1500
Dept
h (c
m)
Penetration Resistance (kPa)
No-tillStrip-till
-----Shank depth-----
On-farm experiments
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
30
32.5
35
37.5
40
42.5
45
47.5
0 500 1000 1500
Dept
h (c
m)
Penetration Resistance (kPa)
No-till
Strip-till
All trials
Canopy closureCanopeo: rapid green canopy cover measurement tool
App or desktop version with MatLab
Effect of row spacing on canopy closureSmall plot data with fall strip-till treatments. 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cano
py C
losu
re (%
)
Date
15"
30"
SignigficantlyDifferent
Effect of row spacing on canopy closureSmall plot data combined over all spring treatments. 2017
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cano
py C
losu
re (%
)
Date
15"
30"
LSD (0.10) = NS
Effect of strip tillage on plant populationOn-farm trials. 2017
103000
104000
105000
106000
107000
108000
109000
Banded30
Strip-till4
On Farm
Surface15
No-till5
Surface15
Strip-till1
Banded15
Strip-till3
Surface30
Strip-till2
Plan
ts/a
LSD (0.10) = NS
Effect of strip tillage on soybean yieldSmall plots trials. 2016-17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Yi
eld
(bu/
a)
30” row spacingNT ST
A
B
61.27
60.47
60.01
58.04
56.39
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Surface30
Strip-till2
Banded30
Strip-till4
Surface15
Strip-till1
Banded15
Strip-till3
Surface15
No-till5
Yiel
d (b
u/a)
Effect of strip tillage on soybean yieldOn-farm trials. 2017
AB
BC
AB
A
C
Effect of strip tillage on soybean yieldOn-farm trials. 2016-17
72.16
71.78
71.35
70.33 70.30
69.0
69.5
70.0
70.5
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
Banded30
Strip-till4
Surface15
Strip-till1
Banded15
Strip-till3
Surface30
Strip-till2
Surface15
No-till5
Yiel
d (b
u/a)
LSD (0.10) = NS
Early season growth of plants in strip-till (ST)and non-strip tilled (NST) rows
ST STST NSTNST
Determining yield of individual rows
Visual difference in growth Individual row harvest
Yield of individual row harvestOn-farm experiments. 2017
59.89
35.17
75.21
27.64
51.95
35.42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
In Strip Between Strip In Strip Between Strip No-till No-till
on 30 on 15 on 30 on 15 on 30 on 15
1 3 5
Yiel
d (b
u/a)
A
B
A
A
BB
Treatment # Tillage Row Spacing Fertilizer1 Strip 15" Surface2 Strip 30" Surface3 Strip 15" Banded4 Strip 30" Banded5 No-till 15" Surface
Daily high soil temperature by dateSmall plot data with fall strip tillage treatments. 2017
38
48
58
68
78
88
98
Soil
Tem
pera
ture
(o F)
No-Till High
Spring Strip-tillHigh
Fall Strip-Till High
Air
optimal germination temperature.
Begin planting temperature.
Daily average soil temperature by dateSmall plot data with fall strip tillage treatments. 2017
Begin planting temperature.
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Soil
Tem
pera
ture
(o F)
No-till Avg
Spring Strip-till Avg
Fall Strip-till Avg
Air
Strip-Till Soybean ProductionConclusions and lessons learned
• Hybrid between no-till and conventional till• Ability to apply fertilizer below soil surface (P)• Strip-till and planter guidance setup very
important if using 15” soybean rows and 30” strips
• Early growth of soybean rows in non-strip tilled rows were visibly less vigorous than those in the adjacent strip tilled rows
Strip-Till Soybean ProductionConclusions and lessons learned
Small plots– Penetration resistance was reduced in the top 7” of the soil
profile where strip tillage was used vs no till– Plant stands at V1 in the 30” row spacing were significantly
higher than in 15” row spacing 2 year results:– In no-till only, 15” row spacing significantly outyielded 30” row
spacing by 14.9 bu/a– In 30” no-till plots, in-furrow fungicide application significantly
improved yield by 7.7 bu/a– Strip tillage significantly out yielded no-till by 10.4 bu/a in 30”
row spacing plots.
Strip-Till Soybean ProductionConclusions and lessons learned
On-farm– 2017All strip tillage 30” row treatments yielded significantly higher than the no-till 15” row treatment– 2016-2017No differences among tillage or fertilizer placement treatments were noted
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