stress & counseling

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

STRESS AND COUNSELING

By Tatik Suryani

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Describe works stress

2. Summarize the model of stress

3. Explain frustration

4. Explain approaches of stress management

5. Explain and apply counseling in management

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© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling

Work Stress Work Stress

stressorSTRESS


Symptoms of unmanaged StressSymptoms of unmanaged Stress

1. Physiological

2. Psychological emotional instability, burn out, chronic worry, depression, burnout

3. Behavioral excessive smoking, abuse of alcohol and drugs absenteeism, aggression, safety problem, performance problem


Too Much Work, Too Little TimeToo Much Work, Too Little Time


A MODEL OF CAUSES, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS

A MODEL OF CAUSES, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS

ORGN. STRESSORS

NONWORK STRESSORS

EMPLOYESS

IndividualDifferences

Positivestress

Negativestress

Constructive org.And personal consq - Short term - Long term

Destructive org.And personal consq - Short term - Long term


Potential Sources of Stress Potential Sources of Stress

Environmental Factors– Economic uncertainties of the business cycle– Political uncertainties of political systems– Technological uncertainties of technical

innovations– Terrorism in threats to physical safety and

security


Potential Sources of Stress Potential Sources of Stress

Organizational Factors– Task demands related to the job– Role demands of functioning in an organization– Interpersonal demands created by other

employees– Organizational structure (rules and regulations)– Organizational leadership (managerial style)– Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or

decline)


Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d) Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)

Individual Factors– Family and personal relationships– Economic problems from exceeding earning

capacity– Personality problems arising for basic disposition

Individual Differences– Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the

individual’s future.– Greater job experience moderates stress effects.– Social support buffers job stress.– Internal locus of control lowers perceived job

stress.– Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to

job stress.© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling

A Model of StressA Model of Stress

E X H I B I T 19-10


Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance

Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance

E X H I B I T 19-11


FRUSTATIONFRUSTATION

GOAL

frustration defense mechanism• aggression• apathetic• withdrawal etc.

STRESS VULNERABILITY (INTERNAL)

Stress thresholdPerceived controlType of personality A or B----- > A lebih rentan


APPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENTAPPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENT

1. Mencegah

2. Melarikan diri

3. Coping


APPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENTAPPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENT

1. Resist working long hours or accepting overtime.2. Volunteer for flextime or other alternatives works schedules.3. Identify the people who cause stress and avoid them.4. Maintain a healthy diet and eat regularly.5. Obtain regular exercise and get enough sleep.6. Avoid procrastination.7. Set reasonable goals for your self.8. Develop a simple methods.9. Step back from stress and decide weather you need to fight every battle.10. Consult.11. Develop a balancing.12. Create opportunity to love.

PERSONAL STRATEGIES --- coping


Managing StressManaging Stress

Individual Approaches– Implementing time management– Increasing physical exercise– Relaxation training– Expanding social support network


Managing StressManaging Stress

Organizational Approaches– Improved personnel selection and job placement– Training– Use of realistic goal setting– Redesigning of jobs– Increased employee involvement– Improved organizational communication– Offering employee sabbaticals– Establishment of corporate wellness programs


EMPLOYEE COUNSELINGEMPLOYEE COUNSELING

COUNSELING IS DISCUSSION WITH AN EMPLOYEE OF A PROBLEM THAT USUALLY HAS EMOTIONAL CONTENT IN ORDER TO HELP THE EMPLOYEE COPE WITH IT BETTER.

FUNCTIONS OF COUNSELING1.ADVICE2.REASSURANCE3.COMMUNICATION.4.RELEASE OF EMOTIONAL TENSION.5.CLARIFIED THINKING.6.REORIENTATION.


Types of counselingTypes of counseling

Nodirection

Fulldirection

Non Directive counseling

Participative counseling

Directive counseling


stress & counseling

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