Stress and Stress Stress and Stress ManagementManagementChapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1

Stressors and StressStressors and Stress

DefinitionsDefinitions Chronic StressChronic Stress

Unrelieved stress that continues to tax a person’s Unrelieved stress that continues to tax a person’s resources to the point of exhaustionresources to the point of exhaustion

StressStress The effect of physical and psychological The effect of physical and psychological

demands of a stressordemands of a stressor

Stressor Stressor A demand on the body to adaptA demand on the body to adapt

Stressors and StressStressors and Stress

DefinitionsDefinitions Acute StressAcute Stress

A temporary bout of stress that calls forth alertness or A temporary bout of stress that calls forth alertness or alarm to prompt the person to deal with an eventalarm to prompt the person to deal with an event

AdaptAdapt To change or adjust in order to accommodate new To change or adjust in order to accommodate new

conditionsconditions

PerceptionPerception A meaning given to an event or occurrence based on a A meaning given to an event or occurrence based on a

person’s previous experience or understandingperson’s previous experience or understanding

Perception of StressorPerception of Stressor

Everyone’s perception of stressor can be Everyone’s perception of stressor can be differentdifferent

ExampleExample ““snakes are poisonous” (fear)snakes are poisonous” (fear) ““snakes are beautiful” (joy)snakes are beautiful” (joy) ““snakes are my topic of study” (interest)snakes are my topic of study” (interest)

Stress and Stress Stress and Stress ManagementManagementChapter 4, Section 2Chapter 4, Section 2

Stress and the Body Stress and the Body SystemSystem

All body systems are effected by stressAll body systems are effected by stress EspeciallyEspecially

Nervous SystemNervous System Hormonal SystemHormonal System Immune SystemImmune System

Nervous SystemNervous System

Definition of Nervous SystemDefinition of Nervous System The body system of nervous tissueThe body system of nervous tissue

Organized into the brain, spinal cord, and nervesOrganized into the brain, spinal cord, and nerves That send and receive messages and integrate That send and receive messages and integrate

the body’s activitiesthe body’s activities

The nervous system responds to challenges The nervous system responds to challenges by producing reactions that restore normal by producing reactions that restore normal body conditionsbody conditions

Hormonal SystemHormonal System

Definition of Hormonal SystemDefinition of Hormonal System The system of glandsThe system of glands Organs that send and receive blood-bone chemical Organs that send and receive blood-bone chemical

messagesmessages

The hormones that respond to stress are called The hormones that respond to stress are called “stress hormones”“stress hormones”

Release stress hormones brings on stress Release stress hormones brings on stress response and brings the body back to response and brings the body back to

homeostasis homeostasis

Immune SystemImmune System

Definition of Immune SystemDefinition of Immune System The cells, tissues, and organs that protect The cells, tissues, and organs that protect

the body from disease.the body from disease.

Unrevealed stress can weaken your bodies Unrevealed stress can weaken your bodies immune system and lead to a lifestyle immune system and lead to a lifestyle diseasedisease

Stress and Stress Stress and Stress ManagementManagementChapter 4, Section 3Chapter 4, Section 3

Stages of the Stress Stages of the Stress ResponseResponse

Stress ResponseStress Response The response to a demand or stressorThe response to a demand or stressor Three PhasesThree Phases

AlarmAlarm ResistanceResistance Recovery or ExhaustionRecovery or Exhaustion

PhasesPhases

AlarmAlarm Person faces a challengePerson faces a challenge The body releases the stress hormones, The body releases the stress hormones,

which activates the nerves and all systemswhich activates the nerves and all systems

ResistanceResistance Which the body mobilizes in resources to Which the body mobilizes in resources to

withstand the effects of the stresswithstand the effects of the stress

PhasesPhases

Recovery Recovery Body returns to normal Body returns to normal When stress ceases to affect the bodyWhen stress ceases to affect the body

OROR ExhaustionExhaustion

When stress exceeds the body’s ability to recoverWhen stress exceeds the body’s ability to recover If your body stays in overdrive for too long it will If your body stays in overdrive for too long it will

break downbreak down

Fight or Flight ReactionFight or Flight Reaction

A response to stressA response to stress When a threat is presented two possible When a threat is presented two possible

optionsoptions Fight (argue)Fight (argue) Run awayRun away

Responses to AlarmResponses to Alarm

Heart rate speeds upHeart rate speeds up Pupils of the eyes Pupils of the eyes

widen (enhancing widen (enhancing vision)vision)

Muscles tense (ready Muscles tense (ready to jump, run, or to jump, run, or struggle)struggle)

Blood flow is reducedBlood flow is reduced

Immune system Immune system temporarily shut temporarily shut downdown

Blood flow to muscle Blood flow to muscle and brain increasesand brain increases

Key pointKey point

““The stress response is an ancient, The stress response is an ancient, physical response to fear: the fight or physical response to fear: the fight or flight reaction. The response occurs even flight reaction. The response occurs even if the stressor is a psychological one that if the stressor is a psychological one that does not demand physical action.”does not demand physical action.”

Stress and Stress Stress and Stress ManagementManagementChapter 4, Section 4Chapter 4, Section 4

Dealing with StressDealing with Stress

Every Individual has different ways of Every Individual has different ways of dealing with stressdealing with stress

Having a strong sense of self esteem Having a strong sense of self esteem enhances a persons ability to deal with enhances a persons ability to deal with stressstress Learning with deal with challenges as Learning with deal with challenges as

positive rather than negativepositive rather than negative

ExerciseExercise

Keeping the body strong strengthens the Keeping the body strong strengthens the immune system between times of stressimmune system between times of stress

If your muscles are tense and can not If your muscles are tense and can not relax relax Your blood builds up fuels that can damage Your blood builds up fuels that can damage

your heartyour heart

During times of stress, physical activity During times of stress, physical activity can work of tensioncan work of tension

Coping Devices and Coping Devices and Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

DefinitionsDefinitions Coping DevicesCoping Devices

Non-harmful ways of dealing with stressNon-harmful ways of dealing with stress ExamplesExamples

Displacement- channeling the energy of Displacement- channeling the energy of suffering into something elsesuffering into something else

Ventilation- the act of verbally venting one’s Ventilation- the act of verbally venting one’s feelings letting off steam by talking, crying, or feelings letting off steam by talking, crying, or laughinglaughing

Coping Devices and Coping Devices and Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

Defensive MechanismsDefensive Mechanisms Self destructive ways of dealing with stressSelf destructive ways of dealing with stress Automatic, subconscious reactions to Automatic, subconscious reactions to

emotional injury, such as denial, fantasy, emotional injury, such as denial, fantasy, projection, rationalization, regression, projection, rationalization, regression, selective forgetting, withdrawalselective forgetting, withdrawal

Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

DenialDenial The refusal to admit that something The refusal to admit that something

unpleasant or painful has occurredunpleasant or painful has occurred

FantasyFantasy Imagining, in the face of painful situation, Imagining, in the face of painful situation,

that something positive has happened that something positive has happened insteadinstead

Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

RegressionRegression Using inappropriate, childish ways of dealing Using inappropriate, childish ways of dealing

with painful realitieswith painful realities

Selective forgettingSelective forgetting Memory lapse concerning an experience or Memory lapse concerning an experience or

piece of news too painful to bearpiece of news too painful to bear

Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

WithdrawalWithdrawal Drawing away from people and activities to Drawing away from people and activities to

avoid painavoid pain Refusing to talk with anyone about the Refusing to talk with anyone about the

situationsituation Sleeping excessivelySleeping excessively

Changed PerceptionsChanged Perceptions

““Some situations may be out of your Some situations may be out of your control, but your attitude is ALWAYS control, but your attitude is ALWAYS within your control. When daily hassles within your control. When daily hassles occur reduce their power to cause stress occur reduce their power to cause stress by reassessing them more positively.”by reassessing them more positively.”