Stress , Health, and Human Flourishing Stress: Some Basic Concepts Stress Effects and Health
Stress and Health
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Transcript of Stress and Health
• Definition• Types of stress• Stressor• Types of stressor• Body response to stress• Health effects of stress• Managing stress• Recommendation• conclusion
Stress is the spice of life….who would enjoy a life of no runs, no hits and no errors?
-Hans Selye, M.D.
What is Stress
Definition
Stress is the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we see as threatening or challenging.
Chronic Stress
Caused by -On going highly pressure work -Long term relationship problem -Loneliness -Persistant financial problem
Cognitive Stressors -Inability to solve a problem -Coming up with creative projects
Life change stressors -Death of Loved ones -Divorce -Trouble among family and friends
Biological Stressors - Any illness or desease -Disabilities -Injuries
Environmental Stressors -Natural disaster -Poverty -Overcrowding
The Stress Response SystemCanon proposed that the stress
response (fast) was a fight-or-flight
response marked by the outpouring of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the inner adrenal glands, increasing heart and respiration
rates, mobilizing sugar and fat, and
dulling pain.
The Stress Response System
The hypothalamus and the pituitary
gland also respond to stress (slow) by
triggering the outer adrenal glands to
secrete glucocorticoids
(cortisol).
General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm“Fight or Flight” reaction: body mobilizes resources to combat threat; activates the sympathetic nervous system.
ResistanceEnhanced ability to fight stressor via moderate physiological arousal; ability to withstand additional stressors (e.g., infection) is reduced.
ExhaustionDepletion of resources brings on diseases and disorders (e.g., chronically high heart rate and blood pressure increase chances of heart attack and stroke).
Stress and the Heart
Stress leads to a clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle result in
Coronary Heart Disease.
Stress and Diabetes Mellitus
Cortisol causes
increase in blood
sugar level to help
boost energy.
This may be
compounded by
unhealthy eating
habits.
Stress and immunity• B lymphocytes fight bacterial infections,T
lymphocytes attack cancer cells and viruses, and microphages ingest foreign substances.
• During stress, energy is mobilized away from the immune system making it vulnerable.
Stress and HeadacheConstriction of blood vessels
Distension of blood vessels
Pushing of nerves
HEADACHE
Stress and irritable bowel syndrome
It has been suggested that there occurs disturbance in gut-brain axis in response to stress.
Symptoms include
• Flashbacks
• Nightmares
• Impaired concentration
• Emotional numbing
• Depression.
• Symptoms can last for years
Post traumatic stress disorder
Ulcers
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Menstrual cycle disorders
Memory loss
Insomnia
Kidney disorders
Other stress related disorders
Social problems
1. Drug and alcohol use
2. Gambling
3. Broken/ problem families
4. Accidental injuries
5. Suicides
Two ways to deal with stress
• Behavioral ways of dealing with stress, such as meditation, exercise, going out with friends, etc.
• Cognitive ways of dealing with stress, such as problem-solving, planning/worrying, denial, etc.