Street Typology Framework - Penn State Engineering ...
Transcript of Street Typology Framework - Penn State Engineering ...
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Traffic Calming: Publications and Practice
PennDOT District 6-0 Street Typology and Speed Management
Decision-Making Framework
DVRPC Office of Safe Streets
Transportation Engineering and Safety ConferenceDecember 13, 2019
8:30 AM
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Stakeholders
• PennDOT District 6-0
• City of Philadelphia– Department of Streets
– Office of Transportation, Infrastructure, and Sustainability (OTIS)
• PennDOT Bureau of Maintenance and Operations– Kittelson & Associates, Inc.
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Goal
Create a data-driven approach for determining where speed management treatments are most appropriate on arterials in Philadelphia
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Study Arterials:
Principal Arterial
Minor Arterial
Philadelphia Streets + PennDOT RMS
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Comparison: Principal Arterials
• Width: 73 ft• No. of lanes: 4• Speed limit: 35• AADT: 11,500• Land Use: Park/Residential• Context: Suburban• Jurisdiction: State
Henry Ave Torresdale Ave
• Width: 46 ft• No. of lanes: 2• Speed limit: 30• AADT: 14,500• Land Use: Residential-Commercial• Context: Urban• Jurisdiction: State
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Comparison: Minor Arterials
• Width: 42 ft• No. of lanes: 2• Speed limit: 25• AADT: 4,000• Land Use: Residential• Context: Urban• Jurisdiction: State
Elmwood Ave 3rd St
• Width: 27 ft• No. of lanes: 2• Speed limit: 25• AADT: 5,000• Land Use: Residential-Commercial• Context: Urban Core• Jurisdiction: City
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DM-2 Update - Draft
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Key Questions
1. What speed management strategies are possible within the cartway of the arterial? (ROAD)
2. What land uses front the street and how do they dictate which speed management strategies are appropriate? (LAND)
3. Citywide, how does the arterial fit into the overall transportation network? (CONTEXT)
• Is the priority for land access or vehicle mobility?
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1. Roadway Characteristics
• Width• Number of lanes• AADT• Speed limit
46 feet
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1. Roadway Characteristics:Number of Lanes
4 or more
3 or less
1 2 3 4 5 6
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2. Land Use
• Residential• Commercial • Industrial• Park• Mixed land use
• Residential-Commercial• Residential-Industrial• Commercial-Industrial
Commercial
Residential
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2. Land Use: Data
• DVRPC Land Use data (2015)• 100 ft buffer along arterial to capture land use frontages• Land use categories summarized as:
– Park = min. 90% is park– Residential = min. 70% of road fronted by res LU– Commercial = min. 50% is com LU frontage– Industrial = min. 30% is ind LU frontage– Mixed uses for remainder
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3. Context
• Urban• Urban Core
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Methodology
• Roadway Characteristics (Sources: PennDOT & Streets Dept data)
• Land Use (Source: DVRPC data)
• Context(Source: City of Philadelphia parcel data)
Typology Assignment
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WIDTH CATEGORIES NO OF LANES AADT LAND USE Example StreetsLess than 35 feet < 3 < 10000 Residential Spruce/Pine; Allens Ln
< 3 < 10000 Commercial/Res-Com Passyunk; 18th St< 3 >= 10000 Commercial/Res-Com
35-50 feet < 3 < 10000 Commercial/Res-Com Woodland Ave; Kensington Ave; Germantown Ave< 3 < 10000 Residential Diamond St< 3 >= 10000 Residential/Res-Com Torresdale Ave; Rhawn St
>= 3 *Any* Any industrial New State Rd; Penrose Ave>= 3 *Any* Commercial/Res-Com Chestnut St>= 3 *Any* Park MLK Drive
50-75 feet *Any* < 10000 Commercial/Res-Com Bustleton Ave, Girard Ave*Any* < 10000 Any industrial State Rd, Hunting Park Ave
>= 3 >= 10000 Commercial/Res-Com Broad St, Aramingo Ave>= 3 >= 10000 Any industrial>= 3 >= 10000 Park/Residential Henry Ave, Cobbs Creek Pkwy
More than 75 feet >= 3 *Any* Park/Residential Kelly Dr>= 3 *Any* Commercial/Res-Com Columbus Blvd, Grant Ave>= 3 *Any* Any industrial Washington Ave, Essington Ave
Roadway Characteristics + Land Use
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TRAFFIC CALMING RESEARCH
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Sources• Pennsylvania’s Traffic Calming
Handbook (2012)• Design Manual, Part 2 Update:
Multimodal Traffic Calming (2019 – DRAFT)
• Philadelphia Streets Department• NACTO Urban Design Guide
(2013) and Urban Bikeway Design Guide (2014)
• FHWA (various)• New York City Department of
Transportation Left Turn Traffic Calming Program
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Design Criteria/Considerations
• AADT minimum and maximum thresholds• Speed limit maximum thresholds• Other considerations
– Land use (NACTO)– One-way vs. two-way– Number of travel lanes– Road width– Intersection density
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Turning Movement Calming
AADTMaximum
Speed LimitMaximum Land Use Other
Considerations
Slow turn wedge/box ― ― ― one-way street
Hardened centerline ― ― ― two-way street
Curb extensions(SR: 1-2 mph) 15,000 40 MPH ― anywhere in
urban core
*SR: speed reduction benefit
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TYPOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
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Typology Development
1. Roadway Characteristics– Volume– Width and number of lanes– Intersection density/signalization– Speed limits– One-way vs. two-way
2. Land Use3. Context
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1. Roadway Characteristics
• Key indicators:
– Narrow: less than 35 ft and any number of lanes OR less than 50 ft and less than 3 lanes
– Wide: greater than 50 ft and any number of lanes OR greater than 35 ft and 3 or more lanes
– High Volume (“Connector”): greater than 10,000 AADT
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2. Land Use
• Residential/Commercial (“Neighborhood” uses)– Residential– Commercial– Residential-Commercial– Residential-Industrial
• Others (“Connector” uses)– Industrial– Commercial-Industrial– Park
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Proposed Context
• Urban• Urban Core
– Center City (green)
– Commercial Corridors (blue & yellow)
– Schools (not shown)
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Updated TypologiesNarrow NeighborhoodCommercial/residential land useNarrow streetLess than 11,500 AADT
Narrow ConnectorNarrow streetGreater than 11,500 AADT, or industrial land use
Wide NeighborhoodCommercial/residential land useWide streetLess than 11,500 AADT
Wide ConnectorWide streetGreater than 11,500 AADT, or industrial land use
URBAN CORE
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Overview:Narrow Neighborhood
• Total mileage:– 207 mi (29% of network)
• Definition:– Urban context:
1. Commercial/residential land use
2. Narrow street3. Less than 10,000 AADT
– Urban core context:1. Narrow street
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Example Streets:School House Ln @ Wissahickon Av
Narrow Neighborhood
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Example Streets:Baltimore Av @ 56th St
Narrow Neighborhood
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Example Streets:Chestnut St @ 12th St
Narrow Neighborhood
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Speed Management Treatments: Narrow Neighborhood• Vertical deflection
– Speed cushion– Raised intersection– Raised crosswalk– Speed table (rare)– Speed hump (rare)
• Horizontal deflection– Curb extension– Pinchpoint– Traffic circle (rare)– Chicane (rare)
• Separation of users– Standard bike lane– Protected bike lane– Sidewalks
• Other– Hardened centerline/
slow turn wedge– Two-way conversions
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Speed CushionsStreets where speed cushions are appropriate:• Narrow Neighborhood• Narrow Connector• Wide Neighborhood• Wide ConnectorOther ArterialsLocations where speed cushions installed on arterials:
850 feet between stop signs
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Snyder (SR 2002) and 9th St. Test Location: Narrow Neighborhood
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9th and Snyder (SR 2002)
• Typology: Narrow Neighborhood• Treatments:
– Speed cushion– Raised crosswalk– Raised intersection– Protected bike lane– Hardened centerline– Curb extensions (non-lane narrowing)
Test Location: Narrow Neighborhood
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Rising Sun (SR 1001) and LevickTest Location: Narrow Connector
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Rising Sun (SR 1001) and Levick
• Typology: Narrow Connector• Treatments:
– Protected bike lane– Hardened centerline– Curb extensions (non-lane narrowing)
Test Location: Narrow Connector
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Rising Sun (SR 1001) and Levick
• Typology: Narrow Connector• Treatments:
– Protected bike lane– Hardened centerline– Curb extensions (non-lane narrowing)
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Commercial Corridors
• Maintained by Philadelphia Department of Planning and Development
• Character field:– Pedestrian/Transit Corridor– Auto-Oriented Strip– Free-Standing Center– Specialty Center– Mixed Character
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• Urban• Urban Core
– Commercial Corridors
• Pedestrian/ Transit
• Neighborhood Mixed Character
Proposed Context
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Schools
• Colleges/ Universities
• K-12 Schools (in progress)
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Final Product Development
• New typology layers for the District 6-0 safety webmap
• Linked primer with data dictionary, framework, methodology, etc.
• Proposed changes to speed management evaluation process incorporating new typologies
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Milestones• Sept 2018: First Stakeholder Meeting• Oct 2018: Study Area (Arterials) Analysis• Dec 2018: Initial Typology Exploration• Feb 2019: Stakeholder Interviews• Apr 2019: Second Stakeholder Meeting• May 2019: Check-in with DM-2 Traffic Calming Project• July 2019: Third Stakeholder Meeting• August 2019: Presentation to SPC• November 2019: Fourth Stakeholder Meeting
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Urban Core Consideration
• How do we relax treatment standards in the Urban Core?
Proposal: 50% increase to AADT thresholds if urban core context applies
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Treatment Categories
• From PA Traffic Calming Handbook:– Vertical deflection– Horizontal deflection– Physical obstruction
• Additional Categories– Turning Movement Calming– Lane Configuration
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Vertical DeflectionAADT
MaximumSpeed LimitMaximum Land Use
OtherConsideration
s
Raised intersections(SR: minor)
11,500 ― residential/ commercial ―
Raised crosswalks(SR: 6 mph)
11,500 45 MPH residential/ commercial ―
Speed cushions 11,500 30 MPH ―
min. 850 feet between stop
signs*;no trolley routes
Speed tables(SR: 6.5 mph)
6,500 ― residential/ commercial
min. 850 feet between stop
signs*;no trolley routes
Speed humps 3,500 30 MPH residential
min. 850 feet between stop
signs*;no trolley routes
*SR: speed reduction benefit**intersection density criteria does not apply to signalized intersections
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Horizontal Deflection – Diverting
AADT Maximum Speed LimitMaximum Land Use Other
Considerations
Raised intersections
Raised crosswalks
Speed cushions
AADTMaximum
Speed LimitMaximum Land Use Other
Considerations
Chicanes(SR: 5-13 mph) 3,500 ―
residential(urban context
only)
narrow street,no trolley routes
Traffic circles(SR: 4-6 mph) 3,500 ― residential
narrow street,not urban core,no trolley routes
Roundabouts(SR: 15-20 mph)
25,000(single lane) ― size of
intersection
*SR: speed reduction benefit
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AADTMaximum
Speed LimitMaximum Land Use
OtherConsideration
s
Gateways ― ― residentialnarrow street,
intersects wide road
Curb extensions(lane narrowing)
6,000 ― residential/commercial narrow street
Curb extensions(non - lane narrowing)(SR: 1-2 mph)
15,000 40 MPH ― anywhere in urban core
Median island(SR: 1-5 mph) ― ― ― wide, two-way
roads
Protected bike lane(SR: 3-4 mph)
6,000 minimum ― ― ―
On-street parking ― ― ― preferred in most locations
Horizontal Deflection – Tunneling
*SR: speed reduction benefit
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AADTMaximum
Speed LimitMaximum Land Use Other
Considerations
Narrow to 10 ft lanes ― 45 MPH not industrial not a surface transit route
Narrow to 11 ft lanes ― 45 MPH not industrial
Road diet(center turn lane)(SR: 3-5 mph)
20,000 ― ― wide road, no trolley routes
Two-way conversion ― ― ― one-way street,min. 35 ft wide
Standard bike lane ― ― ― permitted in most locations
Lane Configuration
*SR: speed reduction benefit