Streaming
description
Transcript of Streaming
Streaming Multimedia
What is streaming?
Streaming media consists of sound and video, continuously “streamed” over the Internet
Streaming media (continued) Streaming media may be either video or audio, or
most commonly a combination of both. There are two categories of streaming, pseudo
and genuine streaming Pseudo streaming allows for immediate playback
as the file is downloaded whilst it is playing. Pseudo streaming uses pre-compressed data
Genuine streaming requires a specialised server and compresses the data on-the-fly, delivering content in an efficient format
The Principle of StreamingThe Principle of Streaming
(A snapshot in time)
Limitations on Streaming types Because video and audio data can be quite large,
compression is an integral part of streaming Pseudo streaming uses pre-compressed files and
only allows users to view media sequentially; you cannot skip to a set point in the stream
Genuine streaming allows a user to navigate to any point in the stream, but requires a dedicated server to do this. Genuine streaming files must be prepared specially for delivery
What’s going on behind the scenes on the servers?
Formats of Streaming
There are many formats of streaming available. Some of the more common formats are: RealPlayer Windows Media Player Quicktime Flash
What do the different formats do? Each format uses a different algorithm for
compressing and embedding the streaming data Different manufacturers place emphasis on
different aspects: video, sound, speed, bandwidth Because of the competitiveness of the different
manufacturers, each format represents a different means of achieving effective multimedia streaming
Different formats (continued) Common to virtually all formats is the MPEG
compression algorithm MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) develops
standards for the compression of digital video and audio
The actual compression is often referred to as a codec (coder/decoder)
Common MPEG standards deliver video at up to 8Mbps and audio at up to 96kbps
Why use streaming? Streaming allows for the delivery of high-impact,
engaging and often interactive content Streaming is typically very flexible and can be
distributed widely in a variety of formats Standard video and audio content is too large to
deliver via traditional formats. Streaming formats offer incredible compression and very effective delivery.
When to use streamingMultimedia content in any fashion is a two edged sword. It can
quite literally make or break a website
Users of a website must be able to efficiently and effectively navigate a site. Use of extraneous multimedia can be detrimental.
Not all users have access to high-speed internet connections. Multimedia can very quickly chew up a users available bandwidth, frustrating them if they cannot see multimedia as the author intended.
When to use streaming (continued)
With correct application, relevance and attention to issues such as performance, multimedia can be used to enhance any website.
For example: Multimedia streaming can be used as a self-serve sales tool. Instead of a customer waiting to receive literature of a product, they can view a video clip advertisement.
Considerations for streaming Bandwidth, bandwidth, bandwidth! Multimedia streaming in almost any format will
take up a significant portion of a user’s available bandwidth.
Some players will wait until a buffer of data is received before playback commences. This can result in a constant stop-start effect in the stream. This can be very annoying!
Adding streaming to your website Streaming can be inserted into your
website using either an Anchor tag, or using an Embed tag
<object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" width="300" height="55" vspace="20" align="middle">
<param name="movie" value="../images/flickerboardnosound.swf">
<param name="quality" value="high">
<param name="LOOP" value="false">
<embed src="../images/flickerboardnosound.swf" width="300" height="55" vspace="20" loop="false" align="middle" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave- flash"></embed>
</object>
Decision: Pseudo or genuine streaming?
You will need to decide on the best content delivery system.
Pseudo streaming will require sufficient bandwidth from the hosting server to deliver content
Genuine streaming will calculate the optimum bandwidth delivery to the client.
Don’t forget to test, test, test… Check the delivery of your content over a variety
of connection speeds and conditions; remember your target audience will judge the value of the streaming on it’s performance as much as anything else!
Make sure that you are delivering a common format. Obscure formats won’t win you any friends.
Consider whether the target audience will need to download new codecs to see the stream
Other directionsStreaming is not just limited to delivering video and audio over
the Internet. New developments include multi-casting, pod-casting and live streams.
Streaming is constantly changing, and in an ever-competitive world, the technology is being driven to deliver more and more.
Always remember, that while technology changes, your multimedia must still be relevant and efficient for it to work.
Live Streaming: What’s happening behind the scenes?
And now…
Vividas delivers broadcast quality video and audio real-time without the need for end-user software or players.
Explore some of the videos on showcase at the following site:
http://www.vividas.com
Some final considerations Legal issues are very important to consider when
streaming Make sure that you have the permission of a
copyright owner before streaming someone else’s content
Don’t forget to protect your own work See a legal professional for the best ways to
protect yourself and your multimedia work
StreamingReferences How Streaming Video and Audio Work
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/streaming-video-and-audio.htm Embedding Streaming Video Files
http://www.free-video-hosting.net/embed.php
Acknowledgements
This lecture was further developed from previous lectures by Sean Kelleher and Peter Somerville