paleogeography of the caribbean region: implications for cenozoic ...
Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of...
Transcript of Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of...
![Page 1: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stratigraphy and paleogeography of
Gondwana
GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE
54 506, Vandoeuvre les NANCY FRANCE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins [email protected]
![Page 2: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Gondwana supercontinent
Gondwana supercontinent incorporated: S. America, Africa, Arabia,
Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, New Zeland, Antarctica +
pieces of Europe
South & North China blocks were close to Australia, as indicated
by bioprovince connections with east Gondwana during the Early to
mid-Palaeozoic
Cambrian–Ordovician: deposition of a thick pile of Qz-rich
sandstones on the Gondwana over > 6000 km from the Atlantic
coast of N. Africa to Arabian Peninsula
In Europe Armorican Quartzite Formation
Its breakup started in the Early Jurassic (180 Ma)
![Page 3: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Torvik and Cocks, 2013 3
![Page 4: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Formation of Gondwanaland
A: Amazonia; A: E-Avalonia; AN: Arabia-Nubia; wA: W-Avalonia; B: Baltica; C: Congo; CAFB: C. Asian Fold B.;
EA: E.Antarctica; ES: E.Svalbard; G: Greenland; I: India; K: Kalahari; L: Laurentia; NA: N.Australia; NC: N.China;
R: Rio Plata; S: Sahara; SA: S. Australia; SC: S. China; Sf: Sao Francisco; Si: Siberia; T: Tarim; WA: W. Africa
High continental topography, and the lowering of sea level
W. Africa
Amazonia
Congo Sahara
E. Africa
Kalahari
India
N. Australia
S. China
W-Avalonia
Laurentia
Siberia
Baltica
Li et al.,
2013
![Page 5: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Formation of
Gondwanaland
A: Amazonia; A: E-Avalonia; AN:
Arabia-Nubia; wA: W-Avalonia;
B: Baltica; C: Congo; EA:
E.Antarctica; I: India; K: Kalahari;
L: Laurentia; NA: N.Australia;
NC: N.China; R: Rio Plata; S:
Sahara; SA: S. Australia; SC: S.
China; Sf: Sao Francisco; T:
Tarim; WA: W. Africa
W. Africa
Amazonia
Congo
Sahara
E. Africa
Kalahari
India
N. Australia
S. China
W-Avalonia
S. Australia
Li et al.,
2013
540 Ma Tarim
E-Avalonia
Sao Francisco
![Page 6: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Map of Gondwana showing position of the cratonic nuclei (after Gray et al., 2008).
![Page 7: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE KAROO FORMATION Series of basins developed on the Gondwana continent.
Stratigraphic limits:
• between Carboniferous and Jurassic (360-180 Ma), end with the regional
basalt flooding event
• theoretically ended with the initiation of the Gondwana break up during
Lower Jurassic
Paleogeographic extension of the Karoo sedimentation:
• S & E of Africa from South Africa to Somalia-Ethiopia (largest development),
• West Africa: Angola, Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
• North of Africa: Niger, …
• South America (Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia…)
• Asia (India, Saudi Arabia, Australia ….)
• But also Permian sediments with U in Europe (Gondwana ?)
![Page 8: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculated effect of supercontinent cycle on sea level during Phanerozoic
Comparison with first-order eustasy, degree of platform flooding & number of continents
K A R O O
![Page 9: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Permo-Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous fluvio-deltaic Gondwana sediments
potential for U mineralisation in:
Beaufort Group, Karroo basin of South Africa (Le Roux, 1985),
Parana basin, S. America (Barretto, 1985),
France (Comte et al., 1985),
Niger (Cazoulat, 1985),
Ngalia, Amadeus & Cooper basins, Australia
Gondwana basins, India.
Callingastaupstata Basin, Sierra Pintada, Argentina
Proliferation of land plants & their incorporation in fluvial to marginal marine,
poorly sorted sediments derived from fertile granitic & metamorphic rocks with
high U contents in interbedded tuffaceous rocks (as an additional source of U)
make Gondwana sediments a favorable host for sandslone type U deposit.
(Finch & Davis, 1985; Le Roux & Toens, 1987)
![Page 10: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE KAROO
Basins
In the
southern half
of Africa
![Page 11: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Karoo Basin
![Page 12: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Karoo U Province sediments
Includes parts of Adelaide Subgroup, & a smaller, crescent-shaped satellite
region in the Molteno and Elliot formations.
Thickest sandstones host the largest ore bodies & these sandstones are
up to 70 m thick in Adelaide Subgroup & up to 40 m thick in Molteno & Elliot
Formations.
Sandstone bodies = meandering river & sheet flood deposits in Adelaide
Subgroup,
= braided & meandering deposits in Molteno Formation
= meandering & sheet flood deposits in Elliot Formation
Sandstone bodies interbedded with dark green, greyish red & maroon
mudstone + subordinate siltstone, more abundant in Adelaide Subgroup &
Elliot Form. and = to sandstone in the Molteno Formation.
![Page 13: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Damien DELVAUX 2001
Karoo basin system in the NW-
trending Ubende Belt Tanzania & E. Congo reflects an early
stage of Gondwana break-up
Karoo basins, much larger than the
remaining ones, formed initially as a
result of tectonically controlled
subsidence during the Late
Carboniferous - Permian & were filled by
fluvial-deltaic to lacustrine sediments
Along the Ubende belt, they probably
formed 2 major basin systems:
Kalemie-Lukuga -S.Tanganyika (KLT)
the Rukwa - Songwe – N. Malawi
(RSM) troughs.
![Page 14: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Karoo basin system
in the Ubende Belt
![Page 15: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stratigraphy
of
Kayelekera
![Page 16: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Geological map of the
eastern part of the
Tim Mersoï basin
(after Julia 1960) & 2003 airborne perimeter
from M. Souley, IAEA, 2005
![Page 17: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
STRATIGRAPHIC
CONTROLS
OF THE
LOCATION
OF THE
U – DEPOSITS
IN THE
TIM MERSOI
BASIN
West Air (Niger)
![Page 18: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Parana
Karoo Precordilliera
Paganzo
Tarija
Gondwana
sedimentary basins
in South America
and Africa
Paraná Basin sedimentation
area covers > 1,700,000 km2
(Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina,
Brazil)
It may have been interconnected
with the Karroo (in Africa),
Paganzo (Argentina), & Tarija
Basins (Argentina and Bolivia)
![Page 19: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Parana basin
Sedimentary package deposited between
the Late Ordovician and the Late Cretaceous
![Page 20: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Paganzo basin
(Argentina)
![Page 21: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Carboniferous
to Permian
![Page 22: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tajira basin
(Argentina,
Bolivia)
![Page 23: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tajira basin stratigraphy
![Page 24: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
EW Koel-Damodar & NS Rajmahal
basins composed of separate outliers
arranged linearly
NW-SE Son-Mahanadi & Pranhita-
Godavari basins (PG) continuous of
outcrops
Son-Mahanadi (MR): funnel
shaped, narrow in SE & broad in NW
Pranhita-Godavari constant width
Satpura Gondwana basin to the NW
of Pranhita-Godavari basin is E-W
Mahadek Basin (to the NE) ?
Gondwana basins in India
![Page 25: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Gondwana basins in Australia – Perth Basin
China
India
![Page 27: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Gondwana basins in Australia – Perth Basin
![Page 28: Stratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana · PDF fileStratigraphy and paleogeography of Gondwana GéoRessources - CREGU - CNRS UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE Vienna 06-2015 – Karoo U Basins](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062401/5abb9c467f8b9a24028cd5a8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PANGEA at 260 Ma
NCB=North China Block, SCB=South China Block, AI=Armorica, Avalonia & Iberia..
Modified from Meert (2012)