Strategy and Tactics with Limited Staffing John M. Buckman III.
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Transcript of Strategy and Tactics with Limited Staffing John M. Buckman III.
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Strategy and Tactics with
Limited StaffingJohn M. Buckman III
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NEVER FORGET
WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT
THAT EVERYONE
GOES HOME!
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SCBA FACEPIECECatastrophic Failure
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OUTGUNNED
Most fire departments arrive on a scene with limited staffing and then play catch
up from the beginning to the end of tactical operations.
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OUTGUNNED
When was the last time you had a fire behavior class?
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Sometimes we just need to put water on the fire!
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How Much Is Enough?• How many firefighters do you
have?
• How many firefighters do you need?
• How long will it take for the right amount of firefighters to arrive?
• What is on fire?
• How big is the fire?
• When did you start thinking about it?
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Fireground Field
Experiments
NIST
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The initial radio report is probably the most important communications the incident
commander will hear! Chief Alan Brunacini, Ret.
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Realizing the impact limited staffing has on
selection of appropriate strategy is a critical
decision making component.
Limited staffing impacts all tactical
activities.
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Service Expectation
s Have Steadily
Increased
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Don't be a Hero
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ROLE OF COMMAND• Situational Overload
• Strategy/Tactics
• Resources
• Building
• Fire/Location-Size
• Accountability
• Action Plan
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CRITICAL DECISION MAKING
Decision making is improved through:
• Training
• Experience
• Communication Skills
• Preplanning
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SITUATIONAL AWARENESS• Perception of what is going on around you!
• Affects performance and decision making!
• If it is not maintained, errors occur!
• Tendency to ignore information that is out of context!
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SITUATIONAL AWARENESS• Fight the Fire!
• Assess Problems in the Time Available!
• Gather Information from All Sources
• Choose the Best Option
• Monitor Results and Alter the Plan as Necessary
• Beware of the Loss of Situational Awareness
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CAPABILITYMEASURE IT!
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What is wrong with
applying LOTS of water
from the exterior
?
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Impact of externally applied water.
In these experiments, the externally applied water streams were implemented in different ways;
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a fog stream inserted into the fire room window, a fog stream flowed from the floor below into the fire room window opening, and a solid water stream flowed from the floor below into the fire room window opening.
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In all cases, the water flows suppressed the fires, thereby causing reductions in temperature in the corridor and the stairwell of at least 50 %.
The water flow rates used in these experiments were between 160 gpm and 200 gpm, demonstrating that a relatively small amount of water applied directly to the burn fuels can have a significant impact.
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OFFENSIVE TACTICAL WEAPON
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OFFENSIVE TACTICAL WEAPONS
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RESOURCES IMPACT
Strategic Decision
• Apparatus
• Staff
• Equipment
• Water
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STAFFING IMPACT
Strategic Decision
• How many do I need?
• How big is the problem?
• When will they arrive?
• What is their capability?
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STAFFING IMPACT
Tactical Decisions
• Simultaneous or Sequential
• Command Decides
• Offensive Requires More Staff
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Traditional Fire Development in a Compartment Fire
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Standard Tasks
• Stop at hydrant, wrap hose
• Position hose
• Conduct size up (360degree lap) transmit report, establish command
• Engage pump
• Position attack line (forward lay)
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• Establish 2 in / 2 out
• Supply attack engine
• Establish RIT
• Gain/Force Entry
• Advance attack line
• Advance backup line (stop time at front stoop)
Standard Tasks
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Standard Tasks
• Advance backup line/protect stairwell
• Conduct primary search
• Ground ladders in place
• Horizontal Ventilation (ground)
• Horizontal Ventilation (2nd story)
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Standard Tasks• Control utilities (Interior)
• Control utilities (Exterior)
• Conduct secondary search
• Check for fire extension (walls)
• Check for fire extension (ceiling)
• Mechanical Ventilation
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Residential Fires May Actually Pose Commercial Risks.
Floor collapse can occur in six minutes.
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PEOPLE
TRAINING
EXECUTION STANDARDS
FUTUREPICTURE
STRATEGY
LEADER’S INTENTBRIEF
EXECUTE
DEBRIEF
PLAN WIN