Strategies to Build Integrity The Military Perspective · 2018. 10. 23. · lunch 1230-1330 Coffee...
Transcript of Strategies to Build Integrity The Military Perspective · 2018. 10. 23. · lunch 1230-1330 Coffee...
Strategies to Build Integrity
The Military Perspective
Jacqueline Davies
Building Integrity UK Director
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20182
UK Anti-Corruption Strategy published Dec 2017
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/667221/6_3323_Anti-Corruption_Strategy_WEB.pdf
“The damaging influence of
corruption cannot be stopped
overnight. A sustained, shared
effort however, as set out in this
strategy, will help to build a
fairer, safer society in the United
Kingdom, and will safeguard our
long-term prosperity.”
The Rt Hon Amber Rudd MP
Home Secretary
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20183
Funded by MOD and CSSF
Live since Oct 2013
• Over 1,600 participants
• 80+ countries
Main areas:
• Education and Training
• Capacity Building
• Doctrine and Research
• JDP05
• Policy and Collaboration - UK
XGovt working
• UK AC Summit
• Joint Anti-Corruption Unit
• UK AC Strategy
• Serious Organised Crime
• Fraud Defence/DIA/77X/ARRC
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20184
Military Perspective - Operational Imperative?
Committal of international forces and humanitarian resources a
significant political risk
• Cost
• Reputation
Pressure on field commanders and mission heads to mitigate that risk
by:
• Achieving mission success
• Minimising casualties
• Using Contractors
Commercial pressure on contractors
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20185
Large Scale Operations - Significant Resources
available
“the cost of deploying one American soldier for one year
….amounts to $1 million”.
“The Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts, taken together, will
be the most expensive wars in US history—totalling
somewhere between $5 trillion and $7 trillion.”
Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government.
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20186
http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/06/The-Economic-Cost-of-
Violence-Containment.pdf
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20187
When HR Corruption gets out of control:
Mosul 20144-10 June 2014
30,000 Iraqi Security Forces defeated by
1300 ISIS - HOW?
• 20,000 Ghost soldiers
• 10,000 Actual ISF
• 4,000 paying bribes not to be there
• 3,500 being deployed as private security
• 2,000 spread on illegal checkpoints
2300 Armoured Humvees captured
worth $580m.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-mosul-idUSKCN0QL0F420150816
Iraqi Parliamentary Report Sep 2015 (publication blocked)
David Kilcullen Blood Year (2016)
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20188
Retaking Mosul 2017: Corruption still playing a
role
Operations start Oct 2016 and still ongoing
Destruction extensive within Mosul
ISIS likely to be splintered but not defeated
ISIS seeping back into liberated areas
• Training focussed on ISOF
Reconstruction funds a target for corruption
• Fuel resentment among Mosul’s Sunni population.
• Fuel radical local Sunni narratives
• Fuel ISIS, who will be able to contrast the lack of
civilian casualties and relative lack of physical
damage inflicted during their 2014 capture of Mosul
with Baghdad’s “uncaring and destructive”
approach in 2016.
http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/isis-and-mosul-keeping-pandora%E2%80%99s-box-closed
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/away-from-iraqs-front-lines-the-
islamic-state-is-creeping-back-in/2017/02/22/8abd8b70-d161-11e6-9651-
54a0154cf5b3_story.html?utm_term=.0fc1dbf1fafe
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/20189
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201810
Unintended
consequences
Fuels conflict
Disrupts recovery
Budget controls
Expenditure
approvals
Largest element of
budget
High volume
High unit costs
Influence
Reputation
Policy
Budgets
Favouritism
Misuse of
manpower
Modes of Corruption
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201811
The Fraud Triangle
Opportunity - Weak internal controls
- Trust
- Lack of Visibility
- Poor management practices
Rationalisation
Motivation
“I deserve it”
“Everyone does it”
“It’s a perk”
“The Ministry is big,
they won’t miss it”
- Personal finances/greed
- Addiction
- To meet targets
- To achieve bonus
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201812
Beslan 1-3 Sep 2004
1100 Hostages (inc 777
children) taken at school
by Chechen separatists
Building rigged with
explosives and hostage
takers heavily armed.
Emergency assault by
Security Forces led to
deaths of 330 civilians
(186 children), 31
hostage takers and 10
security forces
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201813
Role of Corruption at Beslan
Hostage takers had official
police and military vehicles
provided by Organised
Crime gangs in S Ossetia
Convoy let through multiple
checkpoints on way to
Beslan
Loss of aid to Chechnya to
corrupt officials fed
resentment and provided
support base
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201814
MISSION EXECUTION
Local power dynamics
Bribery/theft
People Security
Operational
Expediency
Political
Pressure
MISSION
SUSTAINMENT
Contractors
Support
Chain
Contract output
Sub-contractors
Redeployment
and disposals
INSTITUTIONS
&
PARTNERS
HNSF
National
Infrastructure
Personnel
Management
Political
Expediency
IOs and NGOs
HYBRID THREAT
Trafficking
And
Exploitation
Illicit
Networks
Institutional
Infiltration
Cash flows
Political influence
LEADERSHIP
&
MANAGEMENT
Measures of Effectiveness
Code of Conduct
Management
Practices
Operational
Imperative
Risk Appetite
CORRUPTION RISKS IN COMPLEX SECURITY
ENVIRONMENTS
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201815
So what do we need to do?
Be aware of the risks you are running
Balance operational short term gain with long term pain.
‘Target harden’ yourself and partners
• Good governance
• Be aware of harm that could be caused
Identify opportunities for corruption and close them off
Never underestimate ingenuity of corrupt people
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201816
So what do we need to do? UK Example
Work with others
• UK Building Integrity Centre of Excellence
• Fraud Defence and UK Government departments
• NATO/CIDS
• Other military/governments
Capacity Building:
• Afghan CAPSTONE programme
• Colombian MOD
• Jordan BI Centre of Excellence
• Palestinian BI Centre of Excellence
• Ukraine BITEC
• Ukraine Internal Audit
© Crown Copyright
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom18/10/201817
BI UK Courses – could be expanded
BISL – Building Integrity for Senior
Leaders (4 days)
BIF – Building Integrity Foundation (5
days)
BIPP – Building Integrity Principles
Presenters (4 days)
BISC – Building Integrity for Staff
Colleges (1 – 2 days)
BI VSL – Building Integrity for Very
Senior Leaders (1/2 day)
BI DALSC – Building Integrity for
Defence Attaches and Loan Service
(2hrs)
Ad hoc BI modules
Day 1 – Sun 13 May 18 Day 2 – Mon 14 May 18
Defence Course War and CT Course
Time Session Time Session
Period
1:
0900-
0945
1. Setting the
Scene
(presentation 1)
Period 1:
0900-0945
1. Setting the
Scene
(presentation 1)
Period
2:
0945-
1030
2. Risk Areas
(presentation 2)
Period 2:
0945-1030
2. Risk Areas
(presentation 2)
1030-
1100
Coffee 1030-1100 Coffee
Period
3:
1100-
1145
3. Risk Areas
(presentation 3)
Period 3:
1100-1145
3. Cause and
impact of
corruption risks
(presentation 3)
Period
4:
1145-
1230
4. Risk Areas
(Discussion)
Period 4:
1145-1230
4. Hybrid Threat
and VE
(presentation 3 and
discussion)
1230-
1330
lunch 1230-1330 Coffee
Period
5:
1330 –
1415
5. Tools and
strategy including
role of media
(presentation 4)
Period 5:
1330 –
1415
5. Tools and
strategy including
role of media
(presentation 4)
Period 6
1415-
1500
6. Conclusions
and discussion
Period 6
1415-1500
6. Conclusions and
discussion