Strategies Adopted for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kerala
Transcript of Strategies Adopted for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kerala
Strategies Adopted for Municipal Solid Waste
Management in Kerala: An Overview
M.DILEEP KUMAR
Director
Suchitwa Mission
Local Self Govt. Dept.
Govt. of Kerala
Kerala at a GlanceArea - 38863 Sq. kmPopulation - 33,387,677 (2011 Census)
Density of Population - 860 /sq.kmMunicipal Corporations - 5Municipalities - 60Grama Panchayats - 978
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Sanitation
Sanitation refers to way of life expressed through
• Personal hygiene
• Home hygiene
• Institution hygiene
• Community hygiene
for better health and environment
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STRATEGY FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Creation of awareness
• Focus the message on waste management to household level
• Capacity building by imparting right information on technology
• Involvement of all sections of society
• Appropriate partnerships with local NGOs, women SHGs and private sector
• Preparation of action plan by involving local community
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Basic Requirements for Sanitation
• House is the basic unit• Safe disposal of excreta
– Prevent human contact– Prevent contact with flies– Prevent animal contact
• Safe disposal of solid waste• Safe disposal of grey water
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APPROACH• Safe disposal of excreta
• Safe disposal of solid waste
• Safe disposal of liquid waste
HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Available Technological options for Excreta Disposal• Simple pit toilet• Ventilated improved pit (VIP) toilet• Eco – san toilet• Pour flush toilet• Sanitary Sewer
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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Simple Pit Toilet
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Conventional Simple Pit Toilet
• Does not require water for its functioning
• Temporary super structure (fencing)
• Suitable for open defecating areasAdvantages- Affordable– Simple– Helps to develop a
culture on use of toilets
– Appropriate for low income group
Disadvantages
– Not fully sanitary latrine
– Fly breeding– Odour– Risk of falling into pit– Risk of ground water
pollution
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine
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Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine
• Does not require water for functioning• Suitable for water scarce areas• Vent pipe with fly – screen• Superstructure
Advantages• Little odour• Less chance of
transmission of diseases
• Good health & hygiene• Built with locally
available materials• Easy construction and
maintenance• Can be upgraded to
pour flush latrine
Disadvantages• Risk of ground water
and surface water contamination
• Once filled the latrine has to be moved to another place
• Odour nuisance is not fully solved
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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Eco – San Toilet
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Eco – San Toilet(Double Vault Compost Latrine)
• Based on recycling principle• Excreta and urine collected separately
in two water tight chambers• A layer of absorbent organic material is
put in chamber• Faeces is covered with saw dust or ash
after each use• Anaerobic decomposition• Large enough to hold one year faeces
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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Pour Flush
Latrine
• Water dependent latrine• Water flushes out excreta from
bowl• Water seal prevents odour
– Pour flush uses 1 – 2 L water– Some water always at the
bottom of pan as water seal
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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Twin Pit Ventilated Improved Latrine
• One pit at a time• One year for one pit• Clearing content after one year• Alternating cycle of operation
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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1. Twin Pit Water Seal ToiletIt is a complete excreta disposal systemIt has
– Water Closet Pan– Water Seal and Trap– Junction Chamber– Drain Pipes– Leach Pits
2. Single Pit Water Seal Toilet
– Water Closet Pan– Water Seal and Trap– Junction Chamber– Drain Pipes– Leach Pits
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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CONTRIBUTOR FECAL COLIFORM
FECAL STREPTOCOCCI
RATIO FC / FS
TURKEY 130 1300 0.10
CHICKEN 240 620 0.40
DUCK 11000 18000 0.60
PIG 8900 230000 0.04
COW 5400 31000 0.20
SHEEP 18000 43000 0.40
HUMAN 2000 450 4.40
MICROORGANISMS CONCENTRATIONMICROORGANISMS CONCENTRATION
millions per capita per daymillions per capita per day
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TOILET
SEWERAGE
SEPTIC TANK SOAKPIT
SEWAGETREATMENTPLANT
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Septic Tank
• Water tight settling tank with one or two compartment
• Helps to separate solid and liquid part• Scum floats at top• Anaerobic bacteria acts and forms sludge –
settle down• Liquid effluent is as dangerous as raw
sewage• Soak pit or connection to sewer line is a must
EXCRETA DISPOSAL
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Septic tank : IS Code 2470 (Part 1)
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Soak Pit
• Honey comb Brick work• Filled with Brick bats / boulders• Sand (2 mm size) envelop of 45 cm thick
all around
STRATEGYSTRATEGY
Management Promotion
Awareness, IEC Enforcement
Approach- Constituted a separate Mission called Clean Kerala
Mission in 2003
- Constituted Suchitwa Mission by merging Clean KeralaMission and Total Sanitation and Health Mission inJanuary 2008
- Emphasis on De-centralized Waste Management andestablish one Common Facility for each LSGIs
- Emphasis on source segregation, source storage andprocessing of biodegradable at source
- Management of non-degradables, e-waste and domestichazardous waste through centralized facility
Specific Initiatives
Mission Approach
•Intensive sanitation campaign- October 2006; May 2007, July 2007; October 2007 & April-May 2008
•Extensive & participative surveys in 999 GPs-Scenario appraisal
•Vision document & approach paper
•Special Gramasabha on sanitation- 1.6 million people attended
•District level Technical Support Group (420 experts)
•Health Promotion Teams (One male & one female volunteer)
•Popular Committees (40%)
Strategy for Liquid Waste Management
Rural
•Promotion of on - site sanitation
•Promotion of de-centralized eco-friendly systems
•Selection of cost effective,operationally sustainable technologies
•Adoption of ECOSAN and other innovative technologies in problem areas
Financial Assistance
Integrated Solid Waste
Management System
100% of Project Cost
Waste Management in
hotspots
75% of Project cost
Household level ring compost unit / vermi compost unit / biogas plant
90% subsidy for Compost units 75 % subsidy for Biogas plants
Mechanism for Implementation
i) Accredited Agencies : LSGIs can avail service directly without tender formalities Enlisted Agencies – 2
ii) Government Approved Service Providers : 125 ( Including private agencies)
iii) Rural Sanitary Mart for Solid Waste Management – Trained manpower for technical service to LSGIs
IV. O&M through
• Accredited Agencies• Service Providers• Kudumbashree• Societies
V. Guidelines onspecification, standards, unit cost andO&M protocols for Solid Waste ProcessingTechnologies
Mechanism for Implementation
Urban
Centralised Processing Plant: 30 No.sSource level treatment (partial): in 65 urban local bodies
Rural
Centralised Processing Plant: 11 No.sSource level treatment (partial): in 800 Grama Panchayats
Status of Solid Waste Management
in Kerala
Solid Waste Management Best Practices in Kerala
Adopted TechnologiesComposting• Aerobic Windrow Composting• Vermi Composting
Biogas plants• Source level• Institutional level• Community level
Management of non-degradables• Plastic shredding units• Plastic granule making units• Road Tarring• Handover to re-cyclers etc.
Adopted TechnologiesComposting• Aerobic Windrow Composting• Vermi Composting
Biogas plants• Source level• Institutional level• Community level
Management of non-degradables• Plastic shredding units• Plastic granule making units• Road Tarring• Handover to re-cyclers etc.
Solid Waste Management Best Practices in Kerala
• Windrow composting
Reception
Windrow under roof
Screens
CompostRejects
landfillMaterial movement with Loader / dozer
† Stabilizes organic wastes
† Reduces moisture
Manual Turning of the Windrow
Aerobic Windrow Composting
Windrow Compost Plant
Compost Plant in a GP
• Windrow composting
Reception
Windrow under roof
Screens
CompostRejects
landfillMaterial movement with Loader / dozer
† Stabilizes organic wastes
† Reduces moisture
Aerobic Windrow Composting
Manual Turning of the Windrow
Compost Plant in a GP
Manual sieving of Compost
Vermi composting in GP
Vermi composting in GP
Vermi composting in GP
Matured Compost
Pit Composting
75 cm
100cm
Cover Slab
Inner cover
RING COMPOSTING
Concrete Ring
Vermi composting
Vermi composting Unit
Biopedastal Composting
Home Polymer Composting
Bucket Composting
Household Level Biogas Plant (1 m3 )
Household Level Biogas Plant (0.5 m3 )
Household Level Biogas Plant (0.5 m3 )
Aerobic Ferro Cement Composting
Community level Biogas plants
LIST OF URBAN LOCAL BODIES TO WHOM TECHNICAL APPROVAL IS ALREADY ISSUED
Sl. No. Urban Local Body Date of submission of
DPR
Total Estimated Project Cost (in
lakh)
Approved Cost(in lakh)
Technical Approval No. with date of issue
1 Kollam Corporation 11.02.2010 77.30 77.30 SM(C2)/1213/2010 dated 20.04.2010
2 Kayamkulam Municipality 05.02.2010 85.00 85.00 SM(C2)/2549/2009 dated 30.03.2010
3 Aluva Municipality 05.01.2010 61.30 50.00 SM(C2)/174/2010 dated 16.04.2010
4 Koothuparamba Municipality
24.02.2010 53.50 44.00 SM(C2)/2921/2009 dated 29.03.2010
5 Malappuram Municipality 27.01.2010 84.50 84.50 SM(C2)/18/2010 dated 30.03.2010
6 Kannur Municipality 08.12.2009 118.00 118.00 SM(C2)/2382/2010 dated 22.05.2010
7 Changanassery Municipality
05.03.2010 85.00 85.00 SM(C2)/2850/2009 dated 28.06.2010
8 Mavelikkara Municipality 08.03.2010 31.22 28.40 SM(C2)/996/2010 dated 28.06.2010
9 Kunnamkulam Municipality (Revised)
05.06.2010 116.00 115.00 SM(C2)/664/2010 dated 23.07.2010
10 Thalassery Municipality 29.01.2010 85.00 85.00 SM(C2)/434/2010 dated 20.07.2010
11 Payyannur Municipality 10.03.2010 40.00 35.50 SM(C2)/138/2010 dated 20.08.2010
12 Vadakara Municipality 05.02.2010 40.00 35.00 SM(C2)/3124/2010 dated 20.07.2010
13 Vaikom Municipality 03.02.2010 30.00 30.00 SM(C2)/61/2010 dated 20.07.2010
14 Mattannur Municipality (Revised)
10.08.2010 38.50 37.60 SM(C2)/1382/2009 dated 18.11.2010
15 PalakkadMunicipality
19.10.2010 90.50 89.50 SM(C2)/646/2009 dated 05.03.2011
16 TirurMunicipality
09.02.2012 71.11 65.38 SM(C2)/343/2010dated 03.03.2011
17 NedumangaduMunicipality
14.03.2011 25.90 22.10 SM(C2)/763/2011 dated 30.03.2011
18 Kozhikode Corporation 03.02.2011 150.00 100.98 SM(C2)/513/2010 dated 26.03.2011
19 Manjeri Municipality
71.50 61.00 SM(C2)/3657/2010 dated 07.11.2011
Solid Waste Management Scheme for Urban Areas
Sl.No
Name of the Scheme Amount(Rs in crore)
1 Solid Waste Management Scheme for Urban Areas
a) Construction/ Modifications of Solid Waste processing plant in Municipalities (15)
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a)Establishment of Plastic Shredding Units (50) 3a)Capping/ remediation of existing solid waste dump sites (30)
3
a)Facilitation for preparation of DPRs, etc (10) 0.50a)Capacity Building 0.50
Sub Total 30.00
2 Solid Waste Processing Plants based on modern technology
(Establishment of Modern Solid Waste Processing Plants at Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Thrissur, Kozhikode and Kannur Urban Local Bodies under PPP mode)
a) Procurement of land for setting up plants 71.50
a) Procurement of Mobile Incinerator and O&M costs) 6.00
a) Procurements of Modern Vehicles for transportation of waste (6)
3.00
a) Capping / remediation of existing dump sites 10.00
a) Pre- monsoon cleaning and campaign (support to LSGIs) 20.00
a) Providing tipping fee and payment of electricity charges for Waste Treatment Plant at Thiruvananthapuram (to be commissioned by November 2012)
2.00
a) Establishment of one Modern Plastic Shredding/Recycling unit.
1.00
a) Advertisement charges and transaction fee for PPP Advisor.
0.50
a) Capacity Building 0.50
a) Awareness creation, educational activities, publicity materials etc.
0.50
3 Solid Waste Processing at Sources (Urban)
a) Subsidy for source level treatment in urban area at Households, Institutions, Flats, Resident’s Associations, Charitable Organizations, Youth Clubs, Government Quarters, Educational Institutions, Govt.Offices, Hotels, Restaurants, Chicken Stalls, etc in 65 ULBs.
74.00
a) Meeting awareness programmes, Publicity, Brochure,etc
1.00
Establishment of Liquid Waste Treatment Plants
a) Establishment of Model Liquid Waste Treatment Plant/ Septage Treatment Plants at Elamkulam, Ernakulam, Govt. District Hospitals & Taluk Hospitals (24 Hospitals)
13.00
b) Establishment of Model Liquid Waste Treatment Facility at Community Health Centres, Primary Health Centre, etc (20 hospitals)
0.50
c) Establishment of Model Low cost Liquid waste Treatment and Disposal Facility to markets
owned by Local Bodies (20 LSGIs)
0.50
d) Capacity Building 0.30
e) Awareness Creation 0.50
a) Studies initiated by Suchitwa Mission in collaboration with Research institutes
0.20
Sub Total 15.00
Sl.No
Name of the Scheme Outlay(Rs. in rore)
1 Solid Waste Management Scheme for Urban Areas 30.00
2 Solid Waste Processing Plants based on Modern Technology
15.00
3 Solid Waste Processing at source (Urban) 74.00
4 Solid Waste Processing at Source (Rural) 24.00
5 Establishment of Liquid Waste Treatment Plants 14.50
6 Suchitwa Keralam Project 9.05
7 Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Project 0.61
8 Restructured Central Rural Sanitation Programme (TSC) (CSS 75:25) (State Share)P
10.00
9 Comprehensive Awareness Programme 0.50
Total 177.66
Annual Plan 2012-13