Strategi 0
-
Upload
ahmadamminudin89 -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Strategi 0
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
1/42
Management Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm
Bahan Kuliah Sistem Informasi Manajemen
Magister Universitas Gunadarma
Tugas :
- Membahas Paper
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
2/42
Objective
What is the role of information systems in todays
competitive business environment?
What exactly is an information system? What domanagers need to know about information systems?
How are information systems transforming organizationsand management?
How has the Internet and Internet technologytransformed business?
What are the major management challenges to buildingand using information systems?
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
3/42
Management Challenges
1.Design competitive and effective systems
2. Understand system requirements of global business
environment
3. Create information architecture that supportsorganizations goal
4. Determine business value of information systems
5. Design systems people can control, understand and usein a socially, ethically responsible manner
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
4/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Four powerful worldwide changes that
have altered the business environment:
1. Emergence of the Global Economy2. Transformation of Industrial Economies
3. Transformation of the Business
Enterprise4. The Emerging Digital Firm
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
5/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Emergence of the Global Economy
Management and control in a global
marketplace
Competition in world markets
Global work groups
Global delivery systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
6/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Transformation of Industrial Economies
Time-based competition
Shorter product life
Turbulent environment
Limited employee knowledge base
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
7/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Labor Force Composition 1900-2000
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
Labor Force Composition 1900-2000
1960 1970 1980 1997 2000
Year
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
8/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Transformation of the Business Enterprise
Flattening
Decentralization Flexibility
Location independence
Low transaction and coordination costs
Empowerment
Collaborative work and teamwork
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
9/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Emergence of the Digital Firm
Digitally-enabled relationships with customers,
suppliers, and employees
Core business processes accomplished via
digital networks
Digital management of key corporate assets
Rapid sensing and responding to environmental
changes
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
10/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
4 Major Systems Defining the Digital Firm
Supply chain management systems
Customer relationship managementsystems
Enterprise systems
Knowledge management systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
11/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
(1) A set of interrelated components that
collect
(or retrieve), process, store, and distribute
information to support decision making and
control in an organization
(Laudon & Laudon, 2002).
What Is an Information System?
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
12/42
(2) A business application of
the computer. It is made up of
the database, application
programs, manual and
machine procedures and
encompasses the computer
systems that do the processing
(Tech Encyclopedia, 1999).
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
13/42
Hierarchy of Information
Charts
Intelligence
Knowledge
Information
DataData & Information
3rd Generation (2003)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2nd Generation (1996-2002)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
1st Generation
(1990s)
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
14/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Informasi:
Sumber / data yang
diolah yang
mempunyai nilai
sangat penting
1-14
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
15/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Data and Information
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
16/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
Activities in an Information System
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
17/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Functions of an Information System
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
18/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Rely on computer hardwareand software
Processing and
disseminating information
Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
19/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Information Processing Activities
Business Value
Management Activities
SupplyChainManagement
EnterpriseManagement
CustomerManagement
KnowledgeManagement
DataCollectionandStorage
TransformationIntoBusinessSystems
Dissemination
Planning Coordinating Controlling Modeling andDecision Making
FirmProfitability
andStrategic
Position
Business Processes
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
20/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Information Systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
21/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Information systems literacy: Broad-basedunderstanding of information systems thatincludes behavioral knowledge aboutorganizations and individuals using informationsystems and technical knowledge aboutcomputers.
Computer literacy: Knowledge aboutinformation technology, focusing onunderstanding how computer-basedtechnologies work
A Business Perspective on Information Systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
22/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Sales and marketing
Manufacturing
Finance
Accounting
Human resources
Major Business Functions
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
23/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Key Elements:
People: Managers, knowledge workers,
data workers, production or serviceworkers
Structure: Organization chart , groups ofspecialists, products, geography
Organizations
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
24/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Operating procedures: Standard operatingprocedures (SOP, rules for action)
Politics: Power to persuade, get things done
Culture: Customs of behavior
Organizations
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
25/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Levels:
Senior managers: make long-range strategic decisions aboutproducts and services
Middle managers: Carry outthe programs and plans of seniormanagement
Operational managers:monitor the firms daily activities
Management
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
26/42
WHY Information SYSTEMS ?
Tools managers use to cope with change
Hardware: Physical equipment
Software: Detailed preprogrammed
instructions
Storage: Physical media for
storing data and the software
Computer Technology
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
27/42
Communications Technology:transfersdata from one physical location to another
Networks:link computers to share data orresources
Computer Technology
WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
28/42
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TechnicalApproaches
BehavioralApproaches
ManagementScience
OperationsResearch
Sociology
Economics
ComputerScience
Psychology
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
29/42
Optimize systems performance:
Technology and organization
Organizations mutually adjust to one anotheruntil fit is satisfactory
Socio-Technical Systems
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
30/42
Socio-technical Systems
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
SOURCE: Liker, et al, 1987
Figure 1-7
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
31/42
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information Systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
32/42
1950s: Technical changes
1960s-70s: Managerial controls
1980s-90s: Institutional core activities
Today: Digital information webs extending
beyond the enterprise
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
The Widening Scope of Information Systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
33/42
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
The Widening Scope of Information Systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
34/42
International network of networks
Universal technology platform: Any computer
can communicate with any other computer
World Wide Web and Web sites
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
The Internet
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
35/42
Communicate and collaborate
Access information
Participate in discussions
Supply information
Find entertainment
Exchange business transactions
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
What You Can Do on the Internet?
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
36/42
Flattening organizations
Separating work from location
Reorganizing work-flows
Increasing flexibility
Redefining organizational boundaries
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
New Options for Organizational Design
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
37/42
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
Flattening Organizations & Information Systems
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
38/42
Redesigned Work Flow For Insurance Underwriting
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
39/42
Electronic commerce
Electronic business
Digital market: Information systems links,
buyers and sellers to exchange information,
products, services, payments
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
The Digital Firm
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
40/42
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
CustomersOn-line marketingOn-line salesBuilt-to-order productsCustomer serviceSales force automation
SuppliersProcurementSupply chain management
Business partnersJoint designOutsourcing
Remote offices and work groupsCommunicate plans and policiesGroup collaborationElectronic communicationScheduling
FactoriesJust-in-time productionContinuous inventory
replenishment
Production planning
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
Electronic Commerce
THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
41/42
Electronic Business: Executing all thefirms business processes with Internettechnology
Intranet: Business builds private, securenetwork based on Internet technology
Extranet: Extension of intranet to authorizedexternal users
Electronic Business
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM
-
7/31/2019 Strategi 0
42/42
Information Architecture and Information Technology Infrastructure
TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM