STPM SBA Chemistry Report 2013

7/22/2019 STPM SBA Chemistry Report 2013

1/31

_IE ODOFR@LN, >>0:: E^@K@ K^IZ^R

ZRDMNOX RNZDRX (712/8)

_XZI 2:0?

XGXKN=

LGXR@XN & LGXRGXN GL IN@X ZRDH^OX_

L@IN_ = KNN RNL XGLC

KNN SNDG MWN

OFN@I ]G W@LC

ADRI = ZZ^T^_0 / 2:0?

_^BMNOX = OFNIG_XRW Z@ZNR 8

_^ZNRQG_DR = I@H@I EFDD ZDD EGNS


2/31


HNHGO@XGDL

G wgsf td nxprnss iy sglonrn `pprnog`tgdl td prglogp`k da _IE Odofr`ln, I`hì F`mm`f

L`zga`f Bgltg @bhuk K`tga, iy supnrvgsdr I`hì Efdd Zdd Egnw adr tfngr ennl `lh nlhknss

cugh`lon, nlodur`cninlt, orgtgos `lh glspgr`tgdl ultgk tfn suoonss `lh odipkntgdl da tfgs wdre.

_pnog`k tf`les td I`hì I`zl`f Bgltg _fàag (Fn`h da K`bdr`tdry) adr prnp`rglc

rnqugrnh `pp`r`tus `lh i`tnrg`ks td nlsurn tfn ofnigstry glvnstgc`tgdl gs odlhuotnh siddtfky.

Bnsghns, G wdukh kgen td tf`les td tfn ZGBC adr spdlsdrglc tfn buhcnt gltd Ofnigstry aulh wfgof

`kkdw stuhnlts td odlhuot tfn nxpnrginlts gl ` prdpnr nlvgrdlinlt wgtf prdpnr `pp`r`tus `lh

i`tnrg`ks.

G wgsf td nxprnss fnrn, iy sglonrn `pprnog`tgdl `lh tf`les td `kk knoturnrs, tnòfnrs `lh

stàas ardi ofnigstry hnp`rtinlt, `lh iy ankkdw argnlhs tf`t f`h hgrnotky `lh glhgrnotky fnkpnh

in tfrducfdut tfgs rnsn`rof prdmnot w`s o`rrgnh dut.

g==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.

ADR RNANRNLON Z^RZD_N


3/31


@B_XR@OX

Lgtr`tn ()`lh lgtrgtn (

) gs wnkk eldwl `s `l `hhgtgvn td prnsnrvnh prdonssnh in`t.

Fdwnvnr, gt i`y brglc sdin sghn naanot suof `s odkdl o`lonr, prncl`loy kdss nto. ga odlsuin

nxonssgvnky. Gl tfgs nxpnrginlts, brdwl rglc tnst `lh CK tnstglc intfdh G_D 2706-073> (N) gs usn

td `l`kysn prnsnlon da lgtr`tn ()`lh lgtrgtn (

)gl prdonssnh in`t Hgaanrnlt gltnlsgty da

brdwl rglc adrinh glhgo`tns odlonltr`tgdl da lgtr`tns gl ofgoenl in`tkd`a s`ipkns. Xfn fgcfnr

tfn gltnlsgty da odkdur adrinh, tfn fgcfnr tfn odlonltr`tgdl da lgtr`tn. Adr tfn knvnk da lgtrgtns, gt

gs ghnltgagnh vg` odip`rgsdl bntwnnl igxturn odlhgtgdl gl vdkuintrgo ak`se (okduhy dr okn`r) `lh

wngcft da rnsghun gl . Xfn crn`tnr tfn rnsghun wngcft `lh adriglc ` okn`rnr sdkutgdl wgtf ld

soui, glhgo`tn fgcf knvnk da lgtrgtn. Xfgs tnoflgqun w`s sfdwl td bn `l naanotgvn w`y td hntnrigln

tfn prdonssnh in`t odltnlt `lh knvnk da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn.

gg==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



4/31


X@BKN DA ODLXNLX

OF@ZXNR XGXKN Z@CN

HNHGO@XGDL g

@B_XR@OX gg

X@BKN DA ODLXNLX gg

0 GLXRDH^OXGDL XD XGXKN 0

0.0 B@OECRD^LH 0

0.2 KGXNR@X^RN _X^HW 2?

0.? ZRDBKNI _X@XNINLX 8

0.8 RN_N@ROF P^N_XGDL_ 8

0.> DBMNOXGQN_ DA RN_N@ROF 8

2 INXFDHDKDCW >

2.0 @ZZ@R@X^_ @LH I@XNRG@K_ >

2.2 ZRDONH^RN 13

2.? H@X@ ODKKNOXGDL 6

? RN_^KX_ @LH HG_O^__GDL_ 7

?.0 DB_NRQ@XGDL_ @LH RN_^KX_ 700

?.2 GLXNRZRNX@XGDL @LH HG_O^__GDL_ 0208

8 ODLOK^_GDL 0>

RNANRNLON_ 0103

@ZZNLHGVN_

ggg==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



5/31


OF@ZXNR 0

GLXRDHÔXGDL XD XGXKN

0.0 B@OECRD^LHLgtrgtn (

)s`kt gs odiidlky usnh gl ourglc da in`t gs ` hnrgv`tgvn da lgtr`tn (

)

s`kt. ^su`kky, tfny odibglnh tfgs gdl wgtf sdhgui dr pdt`ssgui gdl td adri (nc= sdhgui lgtr`tn,

sdhgui lgtrgtn, pdt`ssgui lgtr`tn dr pdt`ssgui lgtrgtn). @ktfducf gts usn f`s bnnl wghnky

`ssdog`tnh wgtf onrt`gl typns da o`lonr gl k`bdr`tdry `lgi`ks, gt gs stgkk odltglu`kky bnglc usnh gl

tfn addh glhustry sglon 0731.

Lgtrgtn gs hnninh nssnltg`k gl ournh in`ts bnoùsn da gts iuktgpkn aulotgdls. Gt prnvnlts

bdtukgsi, cgvns ournh in`t gts spnog`k ak`vdur `lh `ppn`r`lon, rnt`rhs dxgh`tgdl wfgof dtfnrwgsn

oùsns `l ulhnsgr`bkn ak`vdur. Gt gs ok`ginh tf`t lgtrgtn gs tfn dlky subst`lon tf`t snrvns `kk tfnsn

aulotgdls `lh ld substgtutn f`s bnnl adulh td rnpkòn gt by @inrgo`l in`t Glstgtutn, 0736.

0==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



6/31


0.2 KGXNR@X^RN _X^HWAdr odiinrog`k purpdsns, s`kt igxturns wnrn adulh td bn idrn naanotgvn gl ourglc

prdonssns ga tfny odlt`glnh s`ktpntrn (pdt`ssgui lgtr`tn). Hurglc prnp`r`tgdl, lgtr`tn gs rnhuonh td

lgtrgtn wfgof gs tfn i`mdr òtgvn glcrnhgnlt gl tfnsn s`kt igxturns by bòtnrg` ulhnr `l`nrdbgo

odlhgtgdls, usglc tfn idkybhdptnrgl-odlt`glglc lgtr`tn rnhuotgvn. Hgnt`ry lgtr`tn i`y bn rnhuonh

td lgtrgtn by bòtnrg` prnsnlt gl tfn idutf `lh sdintgins gl tfn stdiòf.

Sfnl `hhnh td addhs suof `s ournh in`ts, agrstky, lgtrgtn wgkk odltrgbutns td tfn ak`vdur5

tfgs i`y bn hun td tfn glfgbgtgdl da hnvnkdpinlt da r`logh daa-ak`vdurs. _nodlhky, gt rnòts wgtf

iydckdbgl td cgvn idldlgtrdsykf`nid-ofrdin, wfgof cgvns tfn of`ròtnrgstgo pgle odkdur da

ournh in`t. Xfgrhky, gt glfgbgts tfn crdwtf da addh spdgk`cn bòtnrg`, `lh idst gipdrt`ltky,

Okdstrghgui bdtukglui. O. bdtukglui tfrgvns ulhnr `l`nrdbgo odlhgtgdls `lh prdhuons `

lnurdtdxgl wfgof gs dln da tfn idst kntf`k l`tur`k prdhuots eldwl. Lgtrgtn, tdcntfnr wgtf oddeglc

`lh tfn `hhgtgdl da s`kt, gs ` prdtnotgdl `c`glst addh pdgsdlglc by tfgs igorddrc`lgsi.

Xfn glorn`sglc gloghnlon da v`rgdus adris da o`lonr gl tfn wdrkh `t k`rcn, tfnrn

f`s bnnl odlonrl `bdut ` pdssgbkn kgle bntwnnl lgtrgtn `lh o`lonr. Xfnrn gs ld odlokusgvn

nvghnlon tf`t lgtrgtn gs hgrnotky o`rogldcnlgo, but gl fgcf hdsns gt f`s bnnl gipkgo`tnh `s ` od-

o`rogldcnl. @idlc tfnsn ofnigo`k o`rogldcnls `rn L-lgtrdsìglns `lh tfngr prnoursdrs, lgtrgtn

`lh lgtr`tn. Q`rgdus knvnks da o`rogldcnlgo vdk`tgkn L-lgtrdsìglns, lgtrgtns, `lh lgtr`tn `rn

prnsnlt gl ` wghn v`rgnty da addhs suof `s ournh in`t.

Nxonssgvn gltèn da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn s`kts i`y brglc f`riauk naanots td odlsuinrs

fn`ktf. Fnidckdbgl gl bkddh o`rrgns dxycnl ardi tfn kulcs td tgssuns `lh fnkps o`rry o`rbdl

hgdxghn bòe td tfn kulcs. Fnidckdbgl gl bkddh odlt`gls grdl ldri`kky adulh gl tfn An2+

(anrrdus) st`tn. But nxonssgvn lgtr`tns dr lgtrgtns o`l `ktnr tfn grdl gl fnidckdbgl td tfn An?+

(anrrgo) st`tn. Xfgs adris intfnidckdbgl, `l `bldri`k adri da fnidckdbgl. @s intfnidckdbgl

adris, tfn bkddh kdsns gts `bgkgty td o`rry dxycnl td tgssuns (`ldxg`).

2==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



7/31


Intfnidckdbglnig` gs òtu`kky `l nxonss da intfnidckdbgl gl tfn bkddh, gt o`l oùsn

oy`ldsgs (bkun segl) da kgibs/trule, wnèlnss, `lh r`pgh fn`rt r`tn. Xfgs wgkk kn`h tfn onltr`k

lnrvdus systni hnprnssgdl doour `lh rnsukts gl fn`hòfn, hgzzglnss, a`tgcun, hgaagoukty gl

brn`tfglc `lh lùsn`.

Lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn gltèns i`y oùsn fypdtnlsgdl (kdw bkddh prnssurn). But glcnstgdl da

lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns gl addh `lh w`tnr hdns ldt odiidlky rnsukt gl fypdtnlsgdl. I`tnrl`k

nxpdsurn td nlvgrdlinlt`k lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns i`y glorn`sn tfn rgse da prncl`loy odipkgo`tgdls

suof `s `lnig`, `bdrtgdl, prni`turn k`bdr dr prnnokìpsg`.

Intfnidckdbglnig` o`l `ksd doour ardi dtfnr oùsns. Nxpdsurn td dxghgzglc hrucs dr

ofnigo`ks, systnigo òghdsgs, hg`rrfn`, dr sdin cnlntgo hgsdrhnrs suof `s prni`turn da gla`lts

o`l `kk rnsukt gl intfnidckdbglnig`.

Lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns o`l prnsnrvn in`t wnkk but tfn rgse wn fui`l tèn gs odlsghnrnh

snrgdus. Xfn in`t i`luaòturnrs wfgof gs kòe da rnspdlsgbky i`y ldt rncuk`tn tfn odipdulh

wnkk wgkk oùsns fn`ktf trdubkns td tfn odlsuinrs àtnr gltèn tfngr in`t prdhuots. _dintgins,

tfn odlsuinr hgh ldt eldw tfn in`t wfntfnr gs snournh dr tfny `rn glldonlt gl tfn prnsnrv`tgdls

da in`t prdhuots by must odlsuin wf`tnvnr tfnrn gs wnkk-pòenh gl tfn arnsf i`rent dr

supnri`rent by tfn hgstrgbutdr.

?==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



8/31


0.?ZRDBKNI _X@XNINLXLgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtns `rn in`t ourglc glcrnhgnlt prnsnlon gl `kk prdonssnh in`t. Ga nxonssgvn us`cn

da ourglc `cnlt gl ofgoenl in`t kdà i`y oùsns ofrdlgo hgsn`sns `lh o`l bn kn`h gltd hn`h. Xfncd`k da tfn nxpnrginlt gs td ghnltgay tfn sìpkn da ofgoenl in`t kdà wfgof odlt`gls fgcfnst

odlonltr`tgdl da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn gl gt.

0.8RN_N@ROF P^N_XGDL_*** @kk tfn qunstgdls prdpdsnh wgkk bn `lswnrnh gl tfgs rnpdrt.

0)

Sf`t `rn lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns4

2) Sf`t `rn aulotgdls da lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns gl ` in`t prdhuot4?) Sf`t gs tfn k`w rnc`rhglc tfn usn da lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns48) Sf`t gs tfn k`w rnc`rhglc tfn k`bnkglc da lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns4>) Sf`t iust G odlsghnr ga G w`lt td rnidvn lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns ardi iy in`t prdhuots41) Sgkk iy prdhuot bn sàn ga lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns `rn rnidvnh43) Fdw o`l pndpkn hntnot tfn in`t prdhuots tf`t odlt`gl gkknc`k ìdult da lgtrgtns46) Fdw sfdukh pndpkn prnp`rn ` fn`ktfy in`k usglc in`t prdhuots4

0.> DBMNOXGQN_ DA RN_N@ROFCNLNR@K DBMNOXGQN

0) Xd `ppky tfn b`sgo ofnigo`k prglogpkns `lh tnoflgquns hurglc glvnstgc`tgdl.2) Xd glouko`tn `w`rnlnss adr fn`ktfy kgvglc._ZNOGAGO DBMNOXGQN_

0) Xd hntnrigln tfn prnsnlon da lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns gl v`rgdus typns da prdonssnh in`t. 2) Xd ulhnrst`lh tfn purpdsn da lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns gl in`t.?) Xd ulhnrst`lh tfn k`ws `lh rncuk`tgdls gl tfn us`cn da prnsnrv`tgvns `lh `hhgtgvns.

8==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



9/31


OF@ZXNR 2

INXFDHDKDCW

2.0@ZZ@R@X^_ @LH I@XNRG@K_Q`rgdus addh sìpkns wnrn purof`snh ardi kdo`k i`rents `lh supnri`rents. Gts ` ofgoenl in`t

kdà ardi adkkdwglc br`lh= Rìky , @yì`s, @yì Hglhglcs `lh Cdurinss`.

@ B O H

Xfn kgsts da `pp`r`tus usnh gl tfnsn glvnstgc`tgdls `rn=

0) Bnènrs 2) Cr`hu`tnh Oykglhnrs ?) Xnst Xubns8) Agktnr Aullnks>) Hrdppnr Zgpnts1) Bulsnl Burlnrs3) Nknotrdlgo Sngcft B`k`lon6)

Qdkuintrgo Ak`ses

7) Xfnridintnr0:)_o`puk`00)_tgrrglc Rdhs02)^tgkgty Okìp0?)Sgrn Cùzn08)@sbnstds Bd`rh0>)_tdpw`tof01)S`sfglc Bdttkns

Xfn kgsts da I`tnrg`ks usnh gl tfnsn glvnstgc`tgdls `rn=

0) Grdl (GG) _ukpf`tn Oryst`k2) _ukpfurgo @ogh ?) _dhgui Xntr`bdr`tn Zdwhnr8) Zdwhnr @otgv`tnh O`rbdl

>) Zdt`ssgui Anrrdoy`lghn (GG) Oryst`k1) ]glo @ont`tn3) Ckòg`k @ontgo @ogh

>==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



10/31


2.2 ZRDONH^RN

Bnadrn pnradriglc `ly glvnstgc`tgdl, `kk tfn `pp`r`tus gs okn`lnh `lh hrgnh gt up. In`t sìpkn gs

fdidcnlgsnh `lh enpt gl tfn arnnznr. _dkutgdl gs prnp`rnh bnadrn tfn nxpnrginlts st`rtnh.

_dkutgdl=

0. Grdl (GG) _ukpf`tn Oryst`k gs hgssdkvnh gl hgstgkknh w`tnr td prdhuon Grdl (GG) _ukpf`tn sdkutgdlwfgof gs crnnl gl odkdur. Gt gs td nlsurn ` arnsf Grdl (GG) _ukpf`tn sdkutgdl gs usnh hurglc

brdwl rglc tnst adr lgtr`tn.

Fnrn tfn dtfnrs rnqugrnh sdkutgdls gl CK tnstglc intfdh G_D 2706-073> (N)adr lgtrgtn.

2. Bdr`x sdkutgdl gs prnp`rnh by hgssdkvglc da sdhgui tntr`bdr`tn pdwhnr gl dahgstgkknh w`tnr.

?. O`rrnz G sdkutgdl gs prnp`rnh by hgssdkvglc da pdt`ssgui anrrdoy`lghn (GG) gl dahgstgkknh w`tnr.

8. O`rrnz GG sdkutgdl gs prnp`rnh by hgssdkvglc zglo ònt`tn gl da hgstgkknh w`tnradkkdwnh by da ckòg`k òntgo ògh `lh hgkutn gt td .

@atnr tfn sdkutgdl f`h bnnl prnp`rnh, nxpnrginlts `rn st`rtnh.

Xnst adr lgtr`tn gs pnradrinh gl brdwl rglc tnst. Grdl (GG) _uka`tn sdkutgdl gs `hhnh td da

in`t sìpkns ` tnst tubn wgtf da hgstgkknh w`tnr, tfnl skdwky `hhglc 0: hrdps da

odlonltr`tnh sukaurgo ògh suof tf`t tfn sukaurgo ògh adris ` brdwl prnogpgt`tnh `rdulh tfn in`t.

Xfgs glhgo`tglc tfn prnsnlon da tfn lgtr`tn gdl gl in`t sìpkns.

1==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



11/31


Ldtn tf`t tfn prnsnlon da lgtrgtn gdls wgkk gltnranrn wgtf tfgs tnst. Xfn dvnr`kk rnòtgdl gs tfn

rnhuotgdl da tfn lgtr`tn gdl by Grdl (GG) gdl wfgof gs dxghgznh td grdl (GGG) gdl `lh adri`tgdl da `

Lgtrdsyk odipknx.

()

()()

@atnr lgtr`tn tnst gs hdln, nxpnrginlts `rn prdonnhglc td lgtrgtn tnst by usglc CK tnstglc intfdh

G_D 2706-073> (N). Xfn tnst gs bncgl wfnl tfn subst`lons lnnhnh gs `rr`lcnh gl `l drhnr i`llnr.

Agrstky, da 8 typns odiiglutnh in`t sìpkns gs wngcftnh `lh hgstrgbutnh gltd 8

tnst tubns k`bnkknh @, B, O `lh H rnspnotgvnky. _nodlhky, w`tnr gs fn`t up td . Xfgrhky, 6

ulgts da cr`hu`tnh oykglhnrs gs usnh td in`surnh dut 6 snts da bdr`x sdkutgdl. Adurtfky,

8 ulgts da bnènr gs usnh td wngcft dut 8 snts da pdwhnr òtgv`tnh o`rbdl. Agatfky, 8

ulgts da cr`hu`tnh oykglhnrs gs usnh td in`surn dut 8 snts da O`rrnz G `lh GG _dkutgdl

`lh i`hn up da gl dln cr`hu`tnh oykglhnr. K`stky, 8 ulgts da bnènr gs agkknh wgtf

da fdt w`tnr `lh knat td bdgk.

Xfn nxpnrginlts st`rtnh wgtf sìpkn @ da fdidcnlgsnh in`t `lh `hhnh gl

fdt w`tnr in`surnh usglc bnènr `lh pdur gl da bdr`x sdkutgdl adkkdwnh by

da pdwhnr òtgv`tnh o`rbdl. Xfnl, gt gs tr`lsanrrnh td ` vdkuintrgo ak`se `lh hgp glsghn `

bdgkglc w`tnr b`tf adr 0> iglutns.

Xfn igxturn gs `kkdwnh td oddk `lh kn`vn gt adr 2 h`ys, gts tfnl tr`lsanrrnh td `

bnènr `lh `hhnh gl da O`rrnz G `lh GG sdkutgdl rnspnotgvnky, swgrk àtnr `hhgtgdl, k`stky,

adkkdwnh by da bdr`x sdkutgdl `lh tr`lsanrrnh td ` vdkuintrgo ak`se td i`hn up da

igxturn usglc 2 ulgts da vdkuintrgo ak`se.

@atnr odipkntnh, tfn knvnk wgtf w`tnr gs i`re up `lh knat gt adr 08 h`ys. In`surglc mdb gs

tèn pkòn wgtfgl 0 wnne. Xfn igxturn gs tfnl agktnr usglc agktnr p`pnr `lh agktnr aullnk. Xfn

rnsghun gs wngcftnh `lh tfn vdkuin da agktr`tn gs rnodrhnh. Hnhuotgdls i`hn td odlagriglc tfn

prnsnlon da lgtrgtn.

3==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



12/31


2.?H@X@ ODKKNOXGDL@ kdt da rnanrnlon wdres suof dlkgln `lh daakgln f`h bnnl hdln hurglc rnsn`rof td dbt`gl

gladri`tgdl rnc`rhglc tfn tdpgo `lh intfdhdkdcy. Xfn lnnhnh gladri`tgdl gs pgoenh `lh s`vnh

gltd n-bdde (.pha) adri`t adr aurtfnr rnanrnlons. Bddes `rn rnvgnwnh `t Cddckn Bdde _tdrn `lh

sognltgago rnpdrts `lh bddes `rn vgnwnh td dbt`gl tfn rnsukts adr odip`rgsdl purpdsn. Xfn

rnanrnlons `rn rnodrhnh gl tfn rnanrnlon kgst.

Hurglc nxpnrginlt, `k tfn tnst gs rnodrhnh `lh nl`bkns td pnradri `l`kysgs td tfn rnsukts. Gt gs `

gipdrt`lt stnps glvdkvnh k`tnr gl tfn dutodins `lh hgsoussgdl. @kk tfn nxpnrginlts `rn rnodrhnh

gl t`bkn adri `s sfdwl `s bnkdw.

Lgtr`tn tnst

_`ipkns Dbsnrv`tgdls Hnhuotgdl

@

B

O

H

Lgtrgtn tnst

_`ipkns Sngcft da rnsghun (c) Dbsnrv`tgdls Hnhuotgdls

@

B

O

H

6==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



13/31


OF@ZXNR ?

RN_^KX_ @LH HG_O^__GDL_

?.0 DB_NRQ@XGDL_ @LH RN_^KX_@atnr snvnr`k tnsts, tfn rnsukts `rn rnodrhnh `lh t`buk`tnh `s bnkdw.

Lgtr`tn tnst U 06/:2/2:0? Y


@ _din h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okduhy sdkutgdlLgtr`tn prnsnlt gl @KK 8

sìpkns. Odlonltr`tgdl da

lgtr`tn gl tfn in`t gs

`rr`lcnh gl `sonlhglc

drhnr

H ; @ ; O ; B

B Idst h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okn`r sdkutgdl

O Idhnr`tn h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okn`r sdkutgdl

H Kn`st h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okduhy sdkutgdl

Lgtr`tn tnst U 0>/:3/2:0?Y


@ _din h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okduhy sdkutgdlLgtr`tn prnsnlt gl @KK 8

sìpkns. Odlonltr`tgdl dalgtr`tn gl tfn in`t gs

`rr`lcnh gl `sonlhglc

drhnr

H ; @ ; O ; B

B Idst h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okn`r sdkutgdl

O Idhnr`tn h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okn`r sdkutgdl

H Kn`st h`re brdwl prnogpgt`tgdl + okduhy sdkutgdl

Xfn okduhy sdkutgdl glhgo`tnh tfn knvnk da okn`llnss da in`t gs `t iglgiui knvnk.

_ìpkn @ `lh H f`vglc ` kdw knvnk da okn`llnss odip`rnh td sìpkn B `lh O.

7==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



14/31


Lgtrgtn tnst U 06/:?/2:0? Y

_ìpknsSngcft da

rnsghun (c)Dbsnrv`tgdls Hnhuotgdls

@ 7.>8

Inhgui `rn` wfgtn ornìy

soui adris dl tdp da tfn

okduhy crnnlgsf igxturn

Sfgtn ornìy soui gs tfn

glhgo`tgdl da prdonss wfnrn

spdgk`cn da in`t doours.

_ìpkn H adulh dut td bn

spdgkt gl ` a`stnst r`tn adkkdwnh

by O, @ wfgkn sìpkn B hd ldt

adri soui but rnsukts gl igkey

sdkutgdl.

Bnsghns, wngcft da rnsghun gs

hnorn`sglc ardi B, O, @ `lh

H. Xfn hnorn`sn gl wngcft da

rnsghun hun td tfn

hnodipdsgtgdl da in`t tèns

pkòn.

Xfn odlokusgdl tf`t o`l bn

i`hn gs odlonltr`tgdl da lgtrgtn

gl tfn in`t gs `rr`lcnh gl

hnsonlhglc drhnr

B < O < @ < H

B 08.23 Igkey sdkutgdl

O 00.76

_i`kk `rn` wfgtn ornìy soui

adris dl tdp da tfn of`key

igxturn

H 1.8?

K`rcn `rn` da wfgtn ornìy



0:==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



15/31


Lgtrgtn tnst U 27/:3/2:0? Y

_ìpknsSngcft da rnsghun

(c)Dbsnrv`tgdls Hnhuotgdls

@ 3.1?

_i`kk `rn` wfgtn ornìy soui

adris dl tdp da tfn igkey

igxturn

Sfgtn ornìy soui `lh

crdwglc da wfgtn spdrns gs tfn

glhgo`tgdl da prdonss wfnrn

spdgk`cn da in`t doours.

_ìpkn H adulh dut td bn

spdgkt gl ` a`stnr r`tn tf`l @.

Sfgkn sìpkn O sfdwglc

wfgtn spdrns crdwtf `lh

sìpkn H f`s rni`glnh `s

okn`r igxturn.

Bnsghns, wngcft da rnsghun gs

hnorn`sglc ardi B, O, @ `lh

H. Xfn hnorn`sn gl wngcft da

rnsghun hun td tfn

hnodipdsgtgdl da in`t tèns

pkòn.

Xfn odlokusgdl tf`t o`l bn

i`hn gs odlonltr`tgdl da

lgtrgtn gl tfn in`t gs `rr`lcnh

gl hnsonlhglc drhnr

B < O < @ < H

B 02.3> Okn`r igxturn

O 0:.?6

Okn`r igxturn wgtf wfgtn

spdrns crdwglc dl tdp da tfn

snhginlts k`ynr

H >.72

K`rcn `rn` da wfgtn ornìy



00==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



16/31


?.2GLXNRZRNX@XGDL @LH HG_O^__GDL_Adri lgtr`tn tnst, gt gs ghnltgay tfn odlonltr`tgdl da lgtr`tn vg` dbsnrv`tgdl `lh odip`rgsdl

bntwnnl tfn sìpkns. _ìpkns `rn k`bnkknh `lh pnradri brdwl rglc tnst. Xfn fgcfnr tfn odkdur

gltnlsgty da brdwl prnogpgt`tn adris gl dl tfn in`t sìpkns glhgo`tnh fgcfnr odlonltr`tgdl da

lgtr`tn gl tfn sìpkn. Xfn rnsukts gs t`buk`tnh `lh adulh dut tf`t, odlonltr`tgdl da lgtr`tn gl tfn

in`t gs `rr`lcnh gl `sonlhglc drhnr H ; @ ; O ; B.

Adr lgtrgtn tnst, sìn tnoflgqun gs `ppkgnh td ghnltgay odlonltr`tgdl da lgtrgtn gl in`t sìpkns.

Xfn lgtrgtn gs ` odlvnrsgdl da lgtr`tn ulhnr fgcf tnipnr`turn. Xfn sìpkns `rn odkknotnh `lh

odlhuotnh adkkdw tfn prdonhurns `lh knat gt adr 2 wnnes. Xfnrn `rn hgaanrnlt da rnsghun wngcft `lh

dbsnrv`tgdls gl tfn vdkuintrgo ak`se. Xfn kdwnr tfn i`ss da rnsghun glhgo`tnh tfn fgcfnr tfn

crdwtf da bòtnrg` adr tfn r`tn da hnodipdsgtgdl. Bnsghns, tfn odlhgtgdl da tfn igxturn sfdws tfn

hgaanrnlt gl knvnk da lgtrgtn by odip`rgsdl. _oui adris dl tdp da tfn igxturn dr spdrns crdwtf dl

tdp da tfn snhginlts glhgo`tnh spdgk`cn da in`t doour, tfn in`t wfgof spdgkt `t ` a`stnr r`tn wgkk

rnsukts hgrty `lh okduhy sdkutgdls vgon vnrs`. Xfn rnsukts gs t`buk`tnh `lh adulh dut tf`t,

odlonltr`tgdl da lgtrgtn gl tfn in`t gs `rr`lcnh gl hnsonlhglc drhnr B < O < @ < H.

02==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



17/31


@lswnr td tfn rnsn`rof qunstgdls=

0) Sf`t rn lgtr`tns lh lgtrgtns4Lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns `rn addh prnsnrv`tgvns.

2) Sf`t `rn aulotgdls da lgtr`tns `lh lgtrgtns gl ` in`t prdhuot4Gts usnh td odltrdk tfn crdwtf da spdrns, prdvghn ournh in`t ak`vdur `lh odkdur `lh nxtnlh

tfn sfnka kgan da in`t prdhuots.

?) Sf`t gs tfn k`w rnc`rhglc tfn usn da lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns4Gl I`k`ysg`, @oodrhglc td tfn _`kn da Addh `lh Hrucs Drhgl`lon `lh Rncuk tgdls I`k`ysg`,

07>2, tfn pnrigssgbkn knvnk da lgtrgtn adr oddenh in`t `lh r`w in`t `rn 2:: `lh >:: ppi,

rnspnotgvnky. Knvnks da rnsghu`k lgtrgtn gl in`t prdhuots wnrn gl tfn r`lcn da 08 >8 ppi,

prdonssnh pgoeknh arugts `lh vncnt`bkns 3 60 ppi `lh s`ktnh hrgnh agsf 00 ?6 ppi.

Rnsukts glhgo`tn tfn knvnk da rnsghu`k lgtrgtn gl idst addhs gs bnkdw tfn pnrigssgbkn knvnk da

2:: ppi. @ly dtfnr usn gl tfn addh glhustry wdukh bn iglgi`k sglon gts aulotgdls `rn spnogago.

8) Sf`t gs tfn k`w rnc`rhglc tfn k`bnkkglc da lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns4Gl I`k`ysg`, K`w da I`k`ysg` ulhnr tfn @ot 260Addh @ot 076? = K`bnkkglc ldt odipkyglcwgtf st`lh`rh da addh, st`tn tf`t wfnrn ` st`lh`rh f`s bnnl prnsorgbnh adr `ly addh, `ly

pnrsdl wfd prnp`rns, p`oe`cns, k`bnks dr `hvnrtgsns `ly addh wfgof hdns ldt odipky wgtf

tf`t st`lh`rh, gl suof ` i`llnr tf`t gs kgenky td bn igst`enl adr addh da tfn prnsorgbnh

st`lh`rh, odiigts `l daanlon `lh gs kg`bkn dl odlvgotgdl td giprgsdlinlt adr ` tnri ldt

nxonnhglc tfrnn yn`rs dr td agln dr td bdtf.

0?==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



18/31


>) Sf`t iust G odlsghnr ga G w`lt td rnidvn lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns ardi iy in`t prdhuots4Adr tf`t agrstky, odlsuinrs f`vn ` rnspdlsgbgkgty td nlsurn tf`t tfn rnadriuk`tnh in`t

prdhuot gs sàn hurglc gts wfdkn sfnka kgan ulhnr rn`sdl`bkn odlhgtgdls da odlsuinr igsusn.

Odlsuinrs iust `ksd nlsurn tf`t tfn lnw prdhuot gs gl odipkg`lon wgtf tfn k`ws cdvnrlglc

`hhgtgvn us`cn `lh tfn k`ws cdvnrlglc addh k`bnkkglc. Dvnr`kk, tfn prdhuot k`bnk iust ldt

igskn`h tfn odlsuinr td tfn nxtnlt tf`t tfny buy in`t prdhuots. Agl`kky odlsuinrs iust bn

prdvghnh `kk lnonss`ry nvghnlon hni`lhnh by tfn odipntnlt ùtfdrgtgns wfd `rn of`rcnh

wgtf nlsurglc odipkg`lon wgtf tfn addh k`w.

1) Sgkk iy prdhuot bn sàn ga lgtrgtns/lgtr`tns `rn rnidvnh4_ànty o`lldt bn tènl adr cr`ltnh ulknss ` aukk v`kgh`tgdl da tfn lnw prnsnrv`tgdl systni gl

tfn addh gs o`rrgnh dut. Lgtr`tn f`s bnnl tr`hgtgdl`kky usnh td prnvnlt in`t prdhuots ardi

oùsglc bdtukgsi. Xfn rnidv`k da lgtrgtn o`l bn kgenlnh td tfn rnidv`k da ` furhkn td tfn

crdwtf da Ok. bdtukglui. Xd i`glt`gl tfn sànty da tfn addh, `ldtfnr sgigk`r furhkn iust bn

usnh td rnpkòn lgtrgtn dr dtfnrwgsn tfn fngcft da tfn rni`glglc furhkns f`s td bn glorn`snh

td prnvnlt Ok. bdtukglui ardi crdwglc.

3) Fdw o`l pndpkn hntnot tfn in`t prdhuots tf`t odlt`gl gkknc`k ìdult da lgtrgtns4By dbsnrv`tgdls, odlsuinrs f`vn td bnf`vn wgsnky by purof`sglc anw sìpkns `lh st`rt

r`tglc dl tfn sìpkns b`snh dl odkdur da tfn in`t, ak`vdur da tfn in`t `lh tfn pnrgdh da in`t

tf`t o`l bn snrvnh bnadrn nxpgry.

6) Fdw sfdukh pndpkn prnp`rn ` fn`ktfy in`k usglc in`t prdhuots4@kw`ys purof`sn arnsf in`t wgtf ld `hhglc gl k`rcn ìdult da prnsnrv`tgvns, cd adr ardznl

in`tsst`kk glstn`h da i`rent pòenh in`t. Gts stgkk tfn bnst ga ydu o`l spnlh sdin tgins

dbt`gl tfn prdtngl sdurons ardi h`gky arnsf wnt i`rent.

08==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



19/31


OF@ZXNR 8

ODLOK^_GDL

Xfn Ofnigstry rnsn`rof f`h bnnl o`rryglc dut `pprdxgi`tnky wgtfgl 0: idltfs pnrgdh.

Xfn tdpgo da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn prnsnlon gl in`t prdhuot gs agl`kky odin gltd tfn agl`k snotgdl.

_ìpkns da in`t wn tdde adr tfgs glvnstgc`tgdl `rn ofgoenl in`t kdà.

Xfn rnsukts st`tnh tf`t tfn knvnk da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn gs prnsnlt prdpdrtgdl`kky gl tfn lgtr`tn

`lh lgtrgtn tnst tf`t f`h bnnl odlhuotnh `s nxpnrginlts twgon. Xfn rnsukts `rn, odlonltr`tgdl da

lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn gl tfn in`t kdà `rr`lcnh gl `sonlhglc drhnr da sìpkns `rn H ; @ ; O ; B.

Xfn br`lh da ofgoenl in`tkdà prdhuots `s adkkdwglc Cdurinss` ; Rìky ; @yì Hglhglcs ;

@yì`s.

Xfgs rnsn`rof gs gipdrt`lt td ghnltgay f`riauk in`t prdhuots wfgof f`h kgle td fn`ktf rgse

wfnl odlsuiglc in`t prdhuots odlt`gl fgcf lgtr`tn / lgtrgtn knvnks tf`t o`lldt bn ruknh dut.

Sfnl in`t odlt`glglc lgtrgtns gs fn`tnh (p`rtgouk`rky `t fgcf tnipnr`turns), tfn rnsukt gs

lgtrdsìglns, odipdulhs tf`t f`vn bnnl kglenh wgtf fn`ktf gssuns suof `s c`strgo o`lonr, odkdl

o`lonr, p`lorn`tgo o`lonr, `lh Ofrdlgo Dbstruotgvn Zukidl`ry Hgsn`sn (ODZH). @hhgtgdl`kky,

tfn @rofgvns da Gltnrl`k Inhgogln pubkgsfnh tfn rnsukts da ` stuhy tf`t `ssnssnh tfn odllnotgdl

bntwnnl typns da in`t odlsuiptgdl wgtf idrt`kgty r`tn. @ktfducf tfn stuhy kn`vns dpnl i`ly

dtfnr `vnluns adr nxpk`l`tgdl, tfn rnsn`rof daanrs dln idrn succnstgdl `c`glst rncuk`r gltèn da

odlvnltgdl`k prdonssnh in`t.

@ktfducf, ourrnlt eldwknhcn `lh nvghnlon glhgo`tnh tfnrn `rn strdlc bnlnagog`k

naanots da odlsuiptgdl da prdtngls. Gl drhnr td i`xgigsn tfn fn`ktf bnlnagts ardi n`tglc

prdtngls, in`surns f`vn td bn tènl td rnhuon tfn lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn nxpdsurn wfgkn

i`glt`glglc tfngr odiinlhnh gltèn da in`t prdhuots da tfn pubkgo.

0>==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



20/31


RNANRNLON_

0. Lgofdk`s M. Russnkk `lh Cr`fìn S. Cdukh (Muk 2::?).Addh Zrnsnrv`tgvns, _nodlh Nhgtgdl.Kdlhdl

2. Rdbnrt Cgbsdl Nookns. Addh prnsnrv`tgvns= tfngr `hv`lt`cns `lh prdpnr usn5 tfn pròtgo`kvnrsus tfn tfndrntgo`k sghn da tfn purn addh prdbkni . Kdlhdl

?. I.M. Fgkk (M`l 0770).Lgtr`tns `lh Lgtrgtns gl Addh `lh S`tnr. Crn`t Brgt`gl

8. Rdcnr Sddh, Kuoy Adstnr, @lhrnw Hì`lt, Zùkgln Eny (2::8). @l`kytgo`k intfdhs adraddh `hhgtgvns. Nlck`lh.

>. Hr. Kd I`l-Aulc, _ìunk (I`y 2::6). @l`kysgs da lgtr`tn / lgtrgtn `lh prdpgdlgo ògh gladdh. Fdlc Edlc.

1. H`vgh F.S`tsdl (2::0).Addh Ofnigo`k _ànty, Qdkuin 0= Odltìgl`lts. Nlck`lh.3. Lutrgtgdl `lh fn`ktfy n`tglc

fttp=//www.i`ydokglgo.odi/fn`ktf/sdhgui-lgtr`tn/@L:2007

6. FN > SDR_X XFGLC_ @HHNH XD WD^RADDHfttp=//www.kddeout.odi/tddks/addh-`hhgtgvns/

7. Addh `hhgtgvnfttp=//nl.wgegpnhg`.drc/wgeg/AddhT`hhgtgvn/

0:.Ourglc (addh prnsnrv`tgdl)fttp=//nl.wgegpnhg`.drc/wgeg/OurglcT%26addhTprnsnrv`tgdl%27

00.Xfn H`lcnr da Lgtr`tn gl In`t Zrnsnrv`tgvnsfttp=//www.kgvnstrdlc.odi/`rtgokn/833701-tfn-h`lcnr-da-lgtr`tn-gl-in`t-prnsnrv`tgvns/

02.Sf`t gs sdhgui lgtr`tn gl prdonssnh in`ts, `lh gs gt f`riauk4rnogpns.fdwstuaawdres.odi/qunstgdl2??.fti

01==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sodium-nitrate/AN02119http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sodium-nitrate/AN02119http://www.lookcut.com/tools/food-additives/http://www.lookcut.com/tools/food-additives/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_additive/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_additive/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_%28food_preservation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_%28food_preservation%29http://www.livestrong.com/article/477916-the-danger-of-nitrate-in-meat-preservatives/http://www.livestrong.com/article/477916-the-danger-of-nitrate-in-meat-preservatives/http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question233.htmhttp://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question233.htmhttp://recipes.howstuffworks.com/question233.htmhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/477916-the-danger-of-nitrate-in-meat-preservatives/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_%28food_preservation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_additive/http://www.lookcut.com/tools/food-additives/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sodium-nitrate/AN02119


21/31


0?.Sf`t gs tfn hgaanrnlon bntwnnl _dhgui Lgtrgtn `lh _dhgui Lgtr`tn4www.nhgladri`tgos.odi/gltnròtgvnTidknoukns/lgtrgtnT`lhTlgtr`tnTidknoukns.fti

08.Xfn F`riauk Naanot da _dhgui Lgtrgtn gl Addhwww.kgvnstrdlc.odi/`rtgokn/801811-tfn-f`riauk-naanot-da-sdhgui-lgtrgtn-gl-addh/

0>.Ofnigo`k Rnòtgdls da _dhgui Lgtrgtnwww.nfdw.odi/kgstT3?67:>0Tofnigo`k-rnòtgdls-sdhgui-lgtrgtn.ftik

01.ADDH _@ANXW= _@ANXW DA _DHGÎ LGXRGXN GL O^RNH IN@X_inhgladris.odi/2-0-agtlnss`lhlutrgtgdl/stuhy>:.pfp

03. Rdkn da Lgtrgtns `lh/drLgtr`tns gl In`t Odkdrwww.tfnglcrnhgnltstdrn.odi/addhprnsnrv`tgdl/lgtr`tnslgtr`tns.fti

06.@bdut Lgtrgtns @lh Lgtr`tns Ournh In`tswww.ì`zglcrgbs.odi/tgpsT`lhTtnoflgqun/lgtrgtnsT`lhTlgtr`tns.ftik

07.O^RNH IN@X O^X_www.a`d.drc/hdornp/:0:/`g8:3n/@G8:3N08.fti

2:._dhgui Lgtrgtn & O`lonrwww.kgvnstrdlc.odi/`rtgokn/8??7??-sdhgui-lgtrgtn-o`lonr/

20.Lgtr`tn tnstnl.wgegpnhg`.drc/wgeg/Lgtr`tnTtnst

22.K`w da I`k`ysg`, @ot 260Addh @ot 076?fttp=//www.`co.cdv.iy/@et`/Qdk.%2:1/@ot%2:260.pha

03==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.

http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/nitrite_and_nitrate_molecules.htmhttp://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/nitrite_and_nitrate_molecules.htmhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/416466-the-harmful-effect-of-sodium-nitrite-in-food/http://www.livestrong.com/article/416466-the-harmful-effect-of-sodium-nitrite-in-food/http://www.ehow.com/list_7389051_chemical-reactions-sodium-nitrite.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/list_7389051_chemical-reactions-sodium-nitrite.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/medinforms.com/2-1-fitnessandnutrition/study50.phphttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/medinforms.com/2-1-fitnessandnutrition/study50.phphttp://www.theingredientstore.com/foodpreservation/nitratesnitrates.htmhttp://www.theingredientstore.com/foodpreservation/nitratesnitrates.htmhttp://www.amazingribs.com/tips_and_technique/nitrites_and_nitrates.htmlhttp://www.amazingribs.com/tips_and_technique/nitrites_and_nitrates.htmlhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai407e/AI407E14.htmhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai407e/AI407E14.htmhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/433933-sodium-nitrite-cancer/http://www.livestrong.com/article/433933-sodium-nitrite-cancer/http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_testhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_testhttp://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%206/Act%20281.pdfhttp://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%206/Act%20281.pdfhttp://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%206/Act%20281.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate_testhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/433933-sodium-nitrite-cancer/http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai407e/AI407E14.htmhttp://www.amazingribs.com/tips_and_technique/nitrites_and_nitrates.htmlhttp://www.theingredientstore.com/foodpreservation/nitratesnitrates.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/medinforms.com/2-1-fitnessandnutrition/study50.phphttp://www.ehow.com/list_7389051_chemical-reactions-sodium-nitrite.htmlhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/416466-the-harmful-effect-of-sodium-nitrite-in-food/http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/nitrite_and_nitrate_molecules.htm


22/31

@

Z

Z

N

L

H

G

V

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



23/31

Rnsukts

0. Lgtr`tn tnst 0 U 06/:2/2:0? Y

2. Lgtr`tn tnst 2 U 0>/:3/2:0?Y

Ardi Knat td Rgcft, s`ipkn @, B, O, H


==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



24/31

?. Lgtrgtn tnst 0 U 06/:?/2:0? Y

8. Lgtrgtn tnst 2 U 27/:3/2:0? Y

Ardi Knat td Rgcft, s`ipkn H, B, O, @


==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



25/31

Zrnp`r`tgdl

0. In`t _ìpkns

2. Zrnp`r`tgdl da sdkutgdls

In`t sìpkns `rn enpt gl tfnarnnznr bnadrn nxpnrginlts

odlhuotnh. Nòf sìpkn gs k`bnknh

wgtf tfngr syibdk.

Zrnp`rnh sdkutgdl

I`tnrg`ks Lnnhnh

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



26/31

Nxpnrginlts

0. Lgtr`tn Xnst

In`t sìpkn gl pkònh gl tnst tubn `bdut

0oi fngcft

@hh gl Grdl (GG) _ukpf`tn

sdkutgdl td odvnr tfn in`t

@hhnh `bdut 0: hrdps da 8I sukpfurgo ògh

skdwky `t tfn sghn da tfn tnst tubn

Brdwl

prnogpgt`tgdl

adrinh

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



27/31

2. Lgtrgtn tnst

Xfn s`ipkn gs fdidcnlgsnh 0:c da odiiglutnh s`ipkn

gs wngcftnh

@hhglc gl 0:: ik fdt w`tnr `lh > ik bdr`x sdkutgdl

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



28/31

@hhglc gl :.>c pdwhnr `otgv`tnh o`rbdl `lh fn`t dl ` bdgkglc w`tnr b`tf adr 0> iglutns

@hh gl 2 ik da O`rrnz _dkutgdl G `lh GG rnspnotgvnky gltd tfn ak`se `atnr oddk hdwl. Xfnl,

prnp`rn adr `hhglc gl > ik bdr`x sdkutgdl.

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



29/31

2:: ik sdkutgdl tr`lsanrrglc gs hdln usglc 2 ulgts da

0:: ik vdkuintrgo ak`se td 2>: ik vdkuintrgo ak`se

Xfn odlhgtgdl da igxturn gs rnodrhnh bnadrn agktnrglc, wngcft da rnsghun gs rnodrhnh.

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



30/31

Rnsn`rof Rnpdrts

0. R`sfig _glf`, ZfH5 @i`lh` M. Ordss, ZfH5 B`rry G. Crùb`rh, ZfH5 Igof`nk A. Kngtzi`ll,IH, HrZF5 @rtfur _of`tzegl, IH, HrZF. In`t Gltèn `lh Idrt`kgty@ Zrdspnotgvn _tuhy da

Dvnr F`ka ` Igkkgdl Zndpkn. @rof Gltnrl Inh. 2::7.

Fgcf gltèns da rnh dr prdonssnh in`t i`y glorn`sn tfn rgse da idrt`kgty. Dur dbmnotgvnw`s td hntnrigln tfn rnk`tgdls da rnh, wfgtn, `lh prdonssnh in`t gltèns td rgse adr tdt`k

`lh oùsn-spnogago idrt`kgty.

2. Igr`lh` Fgttg. _tuhy= Ournh In`ts, ODZH I`y Bn Kglenh. SnbIH Fn`ktf Lnws 2::3. @prgk 03, 2::3 -- @ lnw stuhy succnsts ` pdssgbkn kgle bntwnnl ofrdlgo dbstruotgvn

pukidl`ry hgsn`sn (ODZH) `lh ournh in`ts suof `s bòdl, sùs`cn, `lh kulofndl in`ts.

Xfn stuhy sfdws tf`t pndpkn wfd arnqunltky n`t ournh in`ts i`y bn idrn kgenky td

hnvnkdp ODZH tf`l pndpkn wfd r`rnky dr lnvnr n`t suof in`ts. ODZH glokuhns

nipfysni` `lh ofrdlgo brdlofgtgs. Gl ODZH, of`lcns doour gl tfn kulcs tf`t ièn gt

prdcrnssgvnky hgaagoukt td brn`tfn dvnr tgin.

?. @i M Npghnigdk. Z`lorn`tgo o`lonr `lh hrgleglc w`tnr `lh hgnt`ry sdurons da lgtr`tn `lhlgtrgtn. Hnp`rtinlt da Nlvgrdlinlt`k `lh R`hgdkdcgo`k Fn`ktf _ognlons, Odkdr`hd _t`tn

^lgvnrsgty, Adrt Odkkgls, OD, ^_@, 2::8.

L-Lgtrdsd odipdulhs, eldwl `lgi`k o`rogldcnls, `rn adrinh nlhdcnldusky ardihrgleglc w`tnr `lh hgnt`ry sdurons da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn. Xfn ùtfdrs odlhuotnh `

pdpuk`tgdl-b`snh o`sn-odltrdk stuhy da p`lorn`tgo o`lonr gl Gdw` td hntnrigln wfntfnr

glorn`snh odlsuiptgdl da lgtr`tn `lh lgtrgtn ardi hrgleglc w`tnr `lh hgnt`ry sdurons w`s

`ssdog`tnh wgtf rgse. Xfny kglenh hnt`gknh w`tnr sduron fgstdrgns td lgtr`tn in`surninlts

adr Gdw` odiiulgty w`tnr suppkgns. Hgnt`ry lgtr`tn gltèn sfdwnh `l glvnrsn `ssdog`tgdl

==_OGNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.



31/31

wgtf rgse ìdlc wdinl `lh ld `ssdog`tgdl ìdlc inl. Xfgs stuhy succnsts tf`t kdlc-

tnri nxpdsurn td hrgleglc w`tnr lgtr`tn `t knvnks bnkdw tfn i`xgiui odltìgl`lt knvnk

da lgtr`tn lgtrdcnl (0: ic/kgtnr) gs ldt `ssdog`tnh wgtf p`lorn`tgo o`lonr5 fdwnvnr, tfn

odlsuiptgdl da hgnt`ry lgtrgtn ardi `lgi`k prdhuots i`y glorn`sn rgse.

8. Elnet Z, Mrvglnl R, Hgof M, Fèukglnl X. Rgse da odkdrnot`k `lh dtfnr c`strd-gltnstgl`ko`lonrs àtnr nxpdsurn td lgtr`tn, lgtrgtn `lh L-lgtrdsd odipdulhs= ` adkkdw-up stuhy.

L`tgdl`k Zubkgo Fn`ktf Glstgtutn, Fnksgleg, Aglk`lh, 0777.

L-lgtrdsd odipdulhs `rn pdtnlt o`rogldcnls hntnotnh gl addhstuaas. Xfn gipdrt`lon dahgnt`ry lgtrdsìglns gl rnk`tgdl td fui`l o`lonr hnvnkdpinlt gs, fdwnvnr, ulonrt`gl.

Sn stuhgnh tfn rnk`tgdlsfgp bntwnnl gltèn da lgtr`tns, lgtrgtns `lh L-

lgtrdsdhgintfykìgln (LHI@) `lh rgse da o`lonrs da tfn c`strd-gltnstgl`k tròt gl `

`hukt Agllgsf inl `lh wdinl. Ld sgclgago`lt `ssdog`tgdls wnrn dbsnrvnh bntwnnl

LHI@ gltèn `lh o`lonrs da tfn fn`h `lh lnoe odibglnh dr da tfn stdiòf dr bntwnnl

lgtr`tn dr lgtrgtn gltèn `lh rgse da o`lonrs da tfn c`strd-gltnstgl`k tròt. Dur rnsukts `rn gl

kgln wgtf tfn ghn` tf`t L-lgtrdsd odipdulhs o`l glhuon odkdrnot`k o`lonr gl fui`ls.

>. Xsuc`ln _, _`s`zueg _. Hgnt `lh tfn rgse da c`strgo o`lonr= rnvgnw da npghnigdkdcgo`knvghnlon. Npghnigdkdcy `lh Zrnvnltgdl Hgvgsgdl, Rnsn`rof Onltnr adr O`lonr Zrnvnltgdl

`lh _ornnlglc, L`tgdl`k O`lonr Onltnr, >-0-0 Xsuegmg, Xdeyd, M`p`l, 2::3.

Xfnrn `rn cndcr`pfgo `lh ntflgo hgaanrnlons gl tfn gloghnlon da c`strgo o`lonr `rdulh tfnwdrkh `s wnkk `s wgtf gts trnlhs adr nòf pdpuk`tgdl dvnr tgin. Xfn gloghnlon p`ttnrls

dbsnrvnh ìdlc giigcr`lts of`lcn òodrhglc td wfnrn tfny kgvn. @kk da tfnsn aòtdrs

snrvn td glhgo`tn tfn okdsn `ssdog`tgdl da c`strgo o`lonr wgtf idhgag`bkn aòtdrs suof `s

hgnt.

GNL

XGAGO

RN_N@ROF

RNZDRX==2:0?

KRXHdouinltsO

dpyrgcftnh.

@kkr

gcftsrnsnrvnh.

STPM SBA Chemistry Report 2013

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Transcript of STPM SBA Chemistry Report 2013