Stormwater Harvesting A Solution for our Perils? Ellen T. McDonald, Ph.D., P.E. Alan Plummer...
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Transcript of Stormwater Harvesting A Solution for our Perils? Ellen T. McDonald, Ph.D., P.E. Alan Plummer...
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Stormwater HarvestingA Solution for our Perils?Stormwater Harvesting
A Solution for our Perils?
Ellen T. McDonald, Ph.D., P.E.Alan Plummer Associates, Inc.
Texas Innovative Water SeminarOctober 12, 2010
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AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
• TWDB Research Project # 0804830853- Stormwater Harvesting as a Water Management Strategy– Jorge Arroyo, Dr. Saqib Shirazi (TWDB)– Margie Nellor (Nellor Environmental
Associates, Inc.)– Andrew Chastain-Howley (Miya Water)– Brian McDonald, Alan Plummer (APAI)
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Peril #1Peril #1
“Oh no! Traditional water
supplies are becoming
increasingly difficult (and expensive) to
acquire!!!”
Graphics from “Underdog” TV Series
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Peril #2Peril #2
“Increased urbanization leads to increased
runoff, flash flooding, degraded water quality, and more erosion. We
need help!”
Graphics from “Underdog” TV Series
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“Sweet Polly, I am
on my way!”
Graphics from “Underdog” TV Series
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Can Polly be Saved?Can Polly be Saved?
Graphics from “Underdog” TV Series
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What is Stormwater Harvesting?
What is Stormwater Harvesting?
• Collection, storage, treatment, distribution, and use of stormwater runoff for beneficial purposes
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Scales of Stormwater Harvesting
Scales of Stormwater Harvesting
Increasing Size
Rain BarrelsRain
Barrels
Ponds and wetlands
Ponds and wetlands
Large reservoirsLarge reservoirs
Rain barrel reference: http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/News/Pages/DNRECoffersrainbarrelsatdiscountpriceinMay.aspxWetland reference: TRWD wetlandLake reference: Lake Lavon, google earth
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Potential BenefitsPotential Benefits
• Reduced potable water demands• Reduced stormwater
flows/flooding• Reduced erosion/scouring• Reduced stormwater pollutant
loads• Better match of quality and use• Can create public amenities• Low energy requirements
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What is potential for stormwater harvesting in Texas?
What is potential for stormwater harvesting in Texas?
Reference: http://www.thegreenguide.com/buying-guides/rain-barrels/img/rain-barrel-330.jpg
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Factors influencing stormwater harvesting potential
Factors influencing stormwater harvesting potential
• Supply– Rainfall volume, frequency, timing– Runoff potential– Evaporative losses
• Demand– Projected water needs and timing– Climatic region
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Factors influencing stormwater harvesting potential
Factors influencing stormwater harvesting potential
• Implementation issues– Cost of other water supply
alternatives– ASR potential
• Other– Stormwater quality– Environmental impacts– Public acceptance– Water rights issues
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Relative potential by planning region
Relative potential by planning region
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Project ImplementationProject Implementation
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The first step- develop a plan!The first step- develop a plan!
• Define– Project objectives– Site and watershed characteristics– Potential users/demands– Regulatory constraints
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The first step- develop a plan!The first step- develop a plan!
• Quantify stormwater availability• Evaluate environmental issues• Determine water
quality/treatment requirements• Identify public awareness needs• Plan for risk management• Evaluate costs/benefits
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How much storage??How much storage??
Adapted Mitchell, V.G., Hatt, B.E., Deletic, A., Fletcher, T., McCarthy, D., and Magyar, M., 2006b, Integrated Stormwater Treatment and Harvesting Technical Guidance Report: prepared for the Institute for Sustainable Water Resources, Monash University, ISWR Report 06/05, URL
http://iswr.eng.monash.edu.au/research/projects/stormwater/final_report.pdf.
Storage Capacity
Yie
ld R
eliab
ilit
y
Small increases in storage capacity give large increases in yield reliability.
Diminishing returns: large increases in storage capacity only give small increases in yield reliability.
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How much and what kind of treatment?
How much and what kind of treatment?
• Depends on end use and project goals
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Treatment optionsTreatment options
1) Vegetative (grassed swales, filter strips)
Reference: http://www.spokanewastewater.org/images/Swale3.jpg
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Treatment optionsTreatment options
2) Detention facilities (ponds, wetlands)
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Treatment optionsTreatment options
3) Infiltration facilities (basins, trenches, porous pavements)
Reference: http://www.wichita.gov/CityOffices/PublicWorks/StormWater/Water+Center+Pervious+Pavement+and+Rain+Garden.htm
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Treatment optionsTreatment options
4) Filtration practices (sand filters, bioretention systems)
Reference: http://www.eng.umd.edu/media/pressreleases/images/anacostia1.jpg
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Treatment optionsTreatment options
5) Disinfection
Reference: http://www.siwi.org/sa/node.asp?node=537
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Treatment optionsTreatment options
6) Advanced treatment
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Case StudiesCase Studies
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Pacific Grove, CaliforniaPacific Grove, California
• Project goals– Reduce pollution to Monterey Bay– Develop new local water supply– Regulatory compliance– Enhance Monarch Butterfly habitat
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Pacific Grove, CaliforniaPacific Grove, California
• Project components– Trash/debris separator– Storage reservoir– Constructed wetland– Advanced treatment (microfiltration,
ultraviolet light)• Provides irrigation water for golf
course, park, athletic fields, cemetery• Financed through city-wide
stormwater recycling charge
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City of TucsonCity of Tucson
• All new “commercial” development in the City of Tucson must meet 50% of its irrigation requirements through stormwater harvesting.
• Applies to commercial, office, retail, industrial, mixed-use, and private and charter schools
Effectiv
e
June 1, 2010
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Kogarah Town Square New South Wales,
Australia
Kogarah Town Square New South Wales,
Australia• 2.1 acre mixed-use
development– 193 apartments– 1.1 acres of retail, commercial
and library space
Reference: http://www.kogarah.nsw.gov.au/resources/documents/Town_Square_Fact_Sheets_WATER.pdf
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Kogarah Town Square Project Objectives
Kogarah Town Square Project Objectives
• Avoidance of flooding• Reduce impact on receiving
water• Reduction of potable water
demand• Aesthetics• Enhanced appreciation of water
in the urban environment
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Kogarah City Council
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SummarySummary
• Stormwater harvesting provides local source of water that reduces potable water demands
• Stormwater harvesting provides multiple benefits
• Stay tuned for discussion of legal/regulatory issues…