Storage Tank and Pressure Vessel Design-written..

7/25/2019 Storage Tank and Pressure Vessel Design-written..

1/16

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITYCollege of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts

Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

www.batstate-u.eu.ph !ele"a#$ %04&' &00-4404 lo(s. )0*-))+

CHEICA! AN" F##" ENGINEERING "E$ARTENT

Stor%ge T%ns %n' $ressure

Vessels "esign

Group Members:

Chavez, Froilan Angelo D.

De Guzman, Jerwin D.

De Torres, Angelica M.

ChE!"#$
http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph/http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph/http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph/


2/16

INTR#"UCTI#N

A((oring to the A Boiler an Pressure /essel Coe %BP/C', Coe

e(tion /III, pressure vessels are (ontainers "or the (ontainment o" pressure,

either internal or e#ternal. !his pressure may be obtaine "rom an e#ternal

sour(e or by the appli(ation o" heat "rom a ire(t or inire(t sour(e as a resulto" a pro(ess, or any (ombination thereo". !he A Coe is the (onstru(tion

(oe "or pressure vessels an (ontains manatory reuirements, spe(i1(

prohibitions, an non-manatory guian(e "or pressure vessel materials,

esign, "abri(ation, e#amination, inspe(tion, testing an (erti1(ation.

A storage tan or vessel is a (ontainer that (an be (hara(teri3e as

one o" two types. ither(o)en(where the total volume (hanges, via a

(hanging wall lie in a piston or in piping. r (close'(in whi(h the total

volume is 1#e by soli wall (onne(tions lie in a tan or (yliner. !he

(ontainer walls (an be (hara(teri3e as either thi( or thin.

Pressure vessels (an theoreti(ally be almost any shape, but shapes

mae o" se(tions o" spheres, (yliners, an (ones are usually employe. A

(ommon esign is a (yliner with en (aps (alle heas. 5ea shapes are

"reuently either hemispheri(al or ishe %torispheri(al'. ore (ompli(ate

shapes have histori(ally been mu(h harer to analy3e "or sa"e operation an

are usually "ar more i6(ult to (onstru(t. !heoreti(ally, a sphere woul be

the best shape o" a pressure vessel. 7nhappily, a spheri(al shape is tough to

manu"a(ture, there"ore more e#pensive, so most pressure vessels are

(ylinri(al with 2$) semi-ellipti(al heas or en (aps on ea(h en. maller

pressure vessels are assemble "rom a pipe an two (overs. A isavantage

o" these vessels is that greater breaths are more e#pensive.

Pressure vessels are use in a variety o" appli(ations in both inustryan the private se(tor. !hey appear in these se(tors as inustrial (ompresse

air re(eivers an omesti( hot water storage tans. ther e#amples o"

pressure vessels are iving (yliners, re(ompression (hambers, istillation

towers, auto(laves, an many other vessels in mining operations, oil

re1neries an petro(hemi(al plants, nu(lear rea(tor vessels, submarine an

spa(e ship habitats, pneumati( reservoirs, hyrauli( reservoirs uner

pressure, rail vehi(le airbrae reservoirs, roa vehi(le airbrae reservoirs, an

storage vessels "or liui1e gases su(h as ammonia, (hlorine, propane,

butane an 8PG.

INTEN"E" !EARNING #UTC#ES

!he "ollowing learning out(omes are e#pe(te to be a(uire by the

stuents a"ter is(ussing the topi($

). 9isplay an unerstaning o" the prin(iples o" pro(ess euipment

esign, the me(hani(al aspe(ts o" the esign an operation o" storage

tan an pressure vessel, in(luing sa"ety (onsierations.2. Gain in"ormation on avantages an isavantages o" storage tan

an pressure vessel an how the pro(ess euipments are "abri(ate

(onsiering the sa"ety an (ost.&. Apply the i:erent "ormulas given in solving problems regaring

storage tan an pressure vessel.


3/16

ST#RAGE TAN* AN" $RESSURE VESSE! "ESIGN

Stor%ge T%n

!hese tans (an be use "or storage, mi#ing, or as vessels "or (hemi(al

pro(esses.

Figure + Stor%ge T%n

T%-le + T.)es of Stor%ge T%n

T.)es of

Stor%ge

T%n

"escri)tion A'/%nt%ges "is%'/%nt%ges I0%ge

7nergroun

7nergrountans o not

reuire mu(h

insulation. ;ee

to be stronger,

reuiring more

materials, an

they may nee

spe(ial,

non(orrosive

outer (oats.

7nergrounstorage tans

allow more


4/16

eeping (ost.

8ess

emaning

storage

(onitionslea to a wie

(hoi(e o"

stru(tural

materials.

(onseuen(e

s.

S)heric%l t%nsare parti(ularly use"ul in high pressure appli(ations,

an they (an also be insulate an re"rigerate to allow "or higher pressures.

Settling t%ns

ettling tans are spe(ially esigne to settling an separate

materials. It is esigne to a((ount "or minimum slurry turbulen(e an rapi,

(onstant settling o" materials. A (onveyor belt is use to remove sluge "rom

a mi#ture. All settling tans are also euippe with pumps to re(ir(ulate the

liui (omponent o" the mi#ture, an 1lters to eep solis out o" the

re(ir(ulating pumps.

ettling tans are use primarily to separate solis "rom a soli-liui

mi#ture. !hese tans are euippe with (onveyor belts that li"t settle solis

in the sluge mi#ture "rom the bottom o" the tan an ump it over the sie,

as shown in the iagram.

Figure 1 Settling T%n 2ith Con/e.or Belt


5/16

!he pi(ture below shows a settling tan with a multiple weir esign.

!his esign maes it possible "or the tan to more e6(iently remove solis.

Both the settling an (lean storage tan have (ontinuous (onveyor an weir

systems to remove settle eposits an is(harge them into sluge bins.

Figure 3 Settling T%n 2ith ulti)le 4eir "esign

Commer(ial uses "or settling tans in(lue$

Primary ewatering o" salvageable materials "rom a soli-liui mi#ture

=ui( uen(hing an e6(ient hanling o" hot materials As an alternative to more e#pensive 1ltration systems

T%-le 1 A'/%nt%ges %n' "is%'/%nt%ges of Settling T%n

A'/%nt%ges "is%'/%nt%ges

ettling !an Appli(ations with slow

sluge buil-up allow

(ontinuous operation o"

tan.

7se limite to mi#tures

that are not ha3arous

when e#pose to the

atmosphere.

Tr%ns)ort %n' Stor%ge #f %teri%ls

Prin(ipal means use "or the transport an storage o" pro(ess materials$

Gases

8iuis

olis

GASES


6/16

!he type o" euipment best suite "or the pumping o" gases in

pipelines epens on the &? (m 52 %0.0&

bar' A5i%l 6o2 co0)ressors"or high


7/16

Flo%ting:roof t%nsare use to eliminate evaporation losses an, "or


8/16

!he best euipment to use will epen on a number o" "a(tors$

). !he throughput.2. 8ength o" travel.&. Change in elevation.4. ;ature o" the solis$ si3e, bul ensity, angle o" repose, abrasiveness,

(orrosiveness, wet or ry.

Belt con/e.orsare the most (ommonly use type o" euipment "or

the (ontinuous transport o" solis. !hey (an (arry a wie range o" materials

e(onomi(ally over long an short istan(esJ both hori3ontally or at an

appre(iable angle, epening on the angle o" respose o" the solis.

Scre2 con/e.ors, also (alle 2or0 con/e.ors, are use "or

materials that are "ree


9/16

materials to a

minimum volume

an using pressure

vessels is a highly

e6(ient an

e(onomi(al way tostore materials.

(an be store in

the same spa(e

as in storage

tans.

brittle "ra(ture

in(reases with

wall thi(ness.

@egulatory (oes

limit use by

allowing onlyspe(i1( materials

to be store

uner a spe(i1(

range o"

(onitions.#pansion !ans 9esigne to

allow spa(e "or a


10/16

"esign )ressure

Eor /essels un'er intern%l )ressure, the esign pressure is

normally taen as the pressure at whi(h the relie" evi(e is set. !his will

normally be ? to )0 per (ent above the normal woring pressure, to avoi

spurious operation uring minor pro(ess upsets.Vessels su->ect to e5tern%l )ressure liely to be subKe(te to

va(uum shoul be esigne "or a "ull negative pressure o" ) bar, unless 1tte

with an e:e(tive, an reliable, va(uum breaer.

"esign te0)er%ture

!he esign temperature at whi(h the esign stress is evaluate shoul

be taen as the ma#imum woring temperature o" the material, with ue

allowan(e "or any un(ertainty involve in prei(ting vessel wall

temperatures.

%teri%ls

Pressure vessels are (onstru(te "rom plain (arbon steels, low an high

alloy steels, other alloys, (la plate, an rein"or(e plasti(s.

!he pressure vessel esign (oes an stanars in(lue lists o"

a((eptable materialsJ in a((oran(e with the appropriate material stanars.

THE "ESIGN #F THIN:4A!!E" VESSE!S UN"ER INTERNA! $RESSURE

C.lin'ers %n' s)heric%l shells

Eor a (ylinri(al shell the minimum thi(ness reuire to resist internal

pressure (an be etermine "rom euation )&.HJ the (ylinri(al stress will be

the greater o" the two prin(ipal stresses.

e. %)&.H'

Reference9 innott, @.., 200?, Coulson @i(harsons Chemi(alngineering$ Chemi(al ngineering esign, /ol. *, 4 theition, pp. +02

I" 9i is internal iameter an e the minimum thi(ness reuire, the mean

iameter will be %9i Le'J substituting this "or 9 in euation )&.H gives$

where " is the esign stress an Pi the internal pressure. @earranging gives$

e. %)&.&D'

Reference9 innott, @.., 200?, Coulson @i(harsons Chemi(al

ngineering$ Chemi(al ngineering esign, /ol. *, 4 theition, pp. +)?


11/16

An euation "or the minimum thi(ness o" a sphere (an be obtaine "rom

euation )&.D$

e. %)&.D'


ngineering$ Chemi(al ngineering esign, /ol. *, 4 theition, pp. +02

I" a wele Koint "a(tor is use euations will be$

e. %)&.&Da'

e. %)&.40b'

where M is the Koint "a(tor.


ngineering$ Chemi(al ngineering esign, /ol. *, 4 theition, pp. +)?

He%'s %n' closures

!he ens o" a (ylinri(al vessel are (lose by heas o" various shapes. !he

prin(ipal types use are$

). Elat plates an "orme


12/16

spinningJ large iameters are "abri(ate "rom "orme se(tions. Toris)heric%l

he%'sare o"ten re"erre to as ishe ens.

Choice of closure

Fl%t )l%tes are use as (overs "or manways, an as the (hannel(overs o" heat e#(hangers. Eorme


13/16

ost stanar ellipsoial heas are manu"a(ture with a maKor an

minor a#is ratio o" 2 $ ). Eor this ratio, the "ollowing euation (an be use to

(al(ulate the minimum thi(ness reuire$

e. %)&.4&'


ngineering$ Chemi(al ngineering esign, /ol. *, 4 theition, pp. +)D

3 Toris)heric%l he%'s

!here are two Kun(tions in a torispheri(al en (losure$ that between the

(ylinri(al se(tion an the hea, an that at the Kun(tion o" the (rown an the

nu(le raii. ne approa(h taen is to use the basi( euation "or a

hemisphere an to introu(e a stress (on(entration, or shape, "a(tor to allow

"or the in(rease stress ue to the is(ontinuity. !he stress (on(entration

"a(tor is a "un(tion o" the nu(le an (rown raii.

. %)&.44'


ngineering$ Chemi(al ngineering esign, /ol. *, 4 theition, pp. +)D

!he ratio o" the nu(le to (rown raii shoul not be less than 0.0*, to

avoi bu(lingJ an the (rown raius shoul not be greater than the iameter

o" the (ylinri(al se(tion. Eor "orme heas %no Koints in the hea' the Koint

"a(tor M is taen as ).0.

S%0)le $ro-le0 No +

stimate the thi(ness reuire "or the (omponent parts o" the vessel shown

in the iagram. !he vessel is to operate at a pressure o" )4 bar %absolute'

an temperature o" &000C. !he material o" (onstru(tion will be plain (arbon

steel. Nels will be "ully raiographe. A (orrosion allowan(e o" 2 mm shoul

be use.


14/16

Solution9

9esign pressure, tae as )0 per (ent above operating pressure,

9esign temperature &000C.

!ypi(al esign stress O +? ;mm2.

C.lin'ric%l section

"o0e' he%'

%i' !ry a stanar ishe hea %torisphere'$

A hea o" this si3e woul be "orme by pressing$ no Koints, so M O).

%ii' !ry a Fstanar ellipsoial hea, ratio maKor $ minor a#es O 2 $ )

o an ellipsoial hea woul probably be the most e(onomi(al. !ae as same

thi(ness as wall )? mm.

$ro-le0 Sets

). !he wall thi(ness o" a 4"t iameter spheri(al tan is ?* in(h.

Cal(ulate the allowable internal pressure i" the pressure is limite to

+000 psi.


15/16

2. 9etermine the thi(ness o" a ? meter insie iameter spheri(al tan

"or hanling a (orrosive liui at a esign pressure an temperature o"

&00Pa an 2HE, respe(tively. !he material o" (onstru(tion is mae o"

(arbon steel. %9esign stress O D4?00 Pa'.

Given$

9esign Pressure O &00Pa

9esign stress O D4?00 Pa

9i O ?mMO)

olution$

e=(300000Pa) (5m )

(4 ) (94500000Pa )1.2 (300000 )=3.972mm

3.972mm+2mmfor corrosion allowance=5.972mm6mm

&. A hori3ontal, (ylingri(al tan with hemispheri(al ens, is use to store

liui (hlrorine at )0bar. !he vessel is 4m internal iameter an 20m

long. stimate the minimum wall thi(ness reuire to resist this

pressure, "or the (ylinri(al se(tion an the heas. !ae the esign

pressure as )2 bar an the allowable esign stress "or the material as

))0 ;m2

Given$

!an with hemispheri(al ens

9i O 4m

5O 20m long

PiO )2 bars


16/16

"O ))0Pa

olution$

e= 1.2x 40002 (110)1.2

=22mm plate

Eor hemispheri(al hea

!he optimum thi(ness ratio is normally taen as 0.*

eO)&.2

4. A spheri(al (arbon-steel storage tan has an insie iameter o" &0"t.

All Koints are butt-wele with ba(ing srip. I" the tan is to be use at

a woring pressure o" &0psig an a temperature o" +0E, estimate the

ne(essary wall thi(ness. ;o (orrosion allowan(e is ne(essary.

Given$

9iO&0"t O D2+2mm

PiO &0#).) O &&psig O 22H.4*4&Pa

" O )&?;mm2

olution$

e=0.2275 (9282 )

4 (0.6 ) (135)1.2(0.2275 )=6.522mm7mm

REFERENCES9

Green, 9on N., @obert 5. Perry, an Mames . aloney, 200H. Perrys

Chemi(al ngineers 5anboo, +theition, (Graw 5ill Boos.

Green, 9on N., @obert 5. Perry, an Mames . aloney, 200). Perrys

Chemi(al ngineers 5anboo, +theition, (Graw 5ill Boos.

Peters, a# ., an laus 9. !immerhaus, )DD). Plant 9esign an

(onomi(s "or Chemi(al ngineers, (Graw 5ill Boo Co., ingapore.

innott, @.., 200?, Coulson @i(harsons Chemi(al ngineering$

Chemi(al ngineering 9esign, /ol. *, 4theition.

Storage Tank and Pressure Vessel Design-written..

Documents

Transcript of Storage Tank and Pressure Vessel Design-written..