Storage Myra

7/31/2019 Storage Myra

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STORAGE-

Fibre Channel

Reporter:

Myra Marcelo

MS-ICT


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Introduction

Fibre Channel Architecture

Fibre Channel Topology

Summary

Reports Outline


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Introduction

DEFINITION

Fibre channel is a technology standard that enables

data transfers between systems at extremely high

speed, primarily used for storage networking. It wasstarted in 1988, with ANSI standard approval in 1994

It started use primarily in the supercomputer field,

but has become the standard connection type for

Storage Area Network(SAN) in enterprise storage.

Despite its name, Fibre Channel signaling can run on

both twisted pair copper wire and fiber optics cable.


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Introduction

Advantages

Serial transmission for high speed and long

distances

Low rate of transmission errors

Low delay (latency) of the transmitted data

High performance for large data transfers byusing simple transport protocols


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Fibre Channel architecture is broken up into

five years layers.

As in the ISO-OSI model, Fibre Channel layers

are arranged in a manner that enables layer-

wise development.

The five layers of Fibre Channel can be

mapped to the ISO-OSI model


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FC 0-Physical Interface and Media

Defines the physical link in the system,

including the physical media, such as cabling,

connectors and transmission rates.

Designed for a maximum flexibility and

enables the use of a large number of

technologies


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FC 1-Transmission Protocol

It provides the methods for adaptive 8B/10B

encoding to max. length of the code,

maintains DC Balance and provides word

alignment.


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FC 2-Framing and Signaling protocol

Primary function of the layer is to specify data

transmission methodologies/mechanism that

are independent of the upper layer protocols.


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FC 2

Set of rules to frame the data;

Ordered set- consist of 4 byte transmissionwhich contains data and special characters.

The primary function is to obtain bit and word

synchronization and establish a word

boundary.


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FC 2


Frame-basic components of a Fibre Channel. Itcontains the actual information to be

transmitted. It also holds additional

information such as the address of the source

and destination ports and link control

information.

l


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FC 2


Sequence-is formed by set of frames that aretransported unidirectional from one port to

another. In a sequence all the frames are

numbered with sequence count.


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FC 2


Exchange-determined for a single operations in

terms of one or more non-concurrent sequences. An

exchange could be unidirectional or bidirectional.

Only one sequence in an exchange can be active at

any given moment. However, multiple sequences

from different exchanges can be active

simultaneously


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FC 2


Protocol-specific to the higher layer servicesFC 2 control process helps to pace the flow of

frames between two ports and between ports

and Fabric. The flow control is dependent on

the service classes


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FC 3-Common Services

Defines the functions that span multiple ports

on a single node. It provides functions that

enabled advanced features to be used on a

node. Functions that currently supported

include:

> Hunt Group

> Striping

> Multicast


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FC 4

Defines the application interfaces that can be

executed over Fibre Channel.

Specifies the mapping rules for the Upper

layer protocols


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FC 4-Upper Layer Protocol Mapping

The highest layer, provides the application-

specific protocols.

Fibre Channel is equally adept at transporting

both network and channel information and

allows both protocol types to be concurrently

transported over the same physical interface.


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Fibre Channel Classes

Class 1

A dedicated connection source and destination is established throughthe fabric for the duration of the transmission.

It provides acknowledged service

Ensures that the frames are received by the destination device in the

same order in which they are sent, and reserves full bandwidth for the

connection between the devices.


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Class 2

It is a connection less, acknowledged service.It makes better use of available bandwidth since it allows the fabric to

multiplex several messages on a frame-by-frame basis.


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Class 3

It optimizes the use of fabric resources, but it is now upper layer protocol to

ensure that all frames are received in the proper order and to request to the

source device the retransmission of missing frames.


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FIBRE CHANNEL

COMPONENTS

Copper Cables

4 kinds of CopperCable are defined in the

Fibre Channel :

Broadband, twisted pair,twin ax, and Base Band

cables


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FIBRE CHANNEL

COMPONENTS

Disk Enclosure

Permit hot swapping of

disks. If disk is not

present ,the circuit

automatically close theloop, when it is inserted,

the loop is opened to

accommodate the disk


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FIBRE CHANNEL

COMPONENTS

Multimode cable

Cable that is dominant

for short distances of 2

km or less. It allows light

to enter the cable inmultiple modes including

straight at different

angles


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FIBRE CHANNEL

COMPONENTS

Gigabit Interface

Converter (GBIC)

GBIC and media

interface converters plug

into the copper interfaceand convert it to an

optical interface.


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FIBRE CHANNEL

COMPONENTS

Host Bus Adapters

(HBA)

HBA uses PCI bus and

has an integrated

component that handlesall the Fibre Channel

protocol processing


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Point-to-Point Topology


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Arbitrated Topology


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Switch Topology/ Fabric


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Summary

Fibre Channel is designed to meet the highdata transfer speed requirements of storageenvironments

Fibre Channel combines best advantages ofthe existing systems and provides datachannel characteristics and networkingcapabilities

With Fibre Channel data can now betransported over longer distances.


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Summary

Fibre Channel architecture is divided into five

layers. Each layer controls an aspect of data

transfer.

Fibre Channel also provides a set of options or

classes of service, which enables different

types of connection.


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Summary

Fibre Channel provides three base topologies:

point to point, arbitrated loop and switched.

These topologies can be mixed and matched

to provide the ideal setup for yourorganization.


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Summary

Fibre Channel has made it possible for data

storage to be externalized and has enables the

connection of data centers to provide a truly

heterogeneous, high performance and reliablestorage network


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