Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown...

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Stoichiometry

Transcript of Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown...

Page 1: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Stoichiometry

Page 2: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!!Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!!1 cup butter 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1/2 cup white sugar

1 cup packed brown sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1 teaspoon vanilla extract

2 eggs 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour

1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon salt

2 cups semisweet chocolate chips2 cups semisweet chocolate chips

Makes 3 dozenMakes 3 dozen

How many eggs are needed to make 3 dozen cookies?How many eggs are needed to make 3 dozen cookies?

How much butter is needed for the amount of chocolate How much butter is needed for the amount of chocolate chips used?chips used?

How many eggs would we need to make 9 dozen cookies?How many eggs would we need to make 9 dozen cookies?

How much brown sugar would I need if I had 1 ½ cups white How much brown sugar would I need if I had 1 ½ cups white sugar?sugar?

Page 3: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Chemistry Recipes

• chemists have recipes as well, but we call them reaction equations

• we use moles to measure• we use chemical compounds

as our ingredients

Page 4: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Chemistry Recipes• Looking at a reaction tells us how much of

something you need to react with something else to get a product (like the cookie recipe)

• Be sure you have a balanced reaction before you start!

• Example: 2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl

• This reaction tells us that by mixing 2 moles of sodium with 1 mole of chlorine we will get 2 moles of sodium chloride

Page 5: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Guided NotesGuided Notes

• StoichiometryStoichiometry

• study of the study of the quantityquantity relationships in relationships in a a chemical chemical reactionreaction

• based on based on balancedbalanced chemical chemical equationsequations

• The The coefficientscoefficients in a in a balancedbalanced equationequation give the give the molemole ratioratio for the for the substancesubstance involved in the involved in the reactionreaction..

Page 6: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Mole to Mole Conversions:Mole to Mole Conversions:1.1. When elemental aluminum reacts with elemental iodine, When elemental aluminum reacts with elemental iodine,

aluminum iodide is produced.aluminum iodide is produced.

2Al + 3I2Al + 3I22 2AlI 2AlI33

mole ratios: mole ratios: 22 mol Al = mol Al = 33mol Imol I22

22 mol Al = mol Al = 22 mol AlI mol AlI33

33 mol I mol I22 = = 22 mol AlI mol AlI33

If you start with 4 moles of Al, how many moles of AlIIf you start with 4 moles of Al, how many moles of AlI33 will will

be produced?be produced?

4 moles Al 2 mol AlI3

2 mol Al= 4 moles AlI3

Page 7: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

2N2H4(g) + 1N2O4(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O (g)

a. How many moles N2O4 is needed to react with 2.72 moles N2H4?

= moles N2O4

2.72 mol N2H4 2 4

2 4

1mol N O

2mol N H1.36

b. How many moles of N2 is produced from 2.72 moles N2H4?

= mole N2

2.72 mol N2H4 2

2 4

3 mol N

2 mol N H4.08

2.72 mol ? mol

2N2H4(g) + 1N2O4(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O(g)2.72 mol ? mol

2. Dinitrogen tetrahydride reacts with Dinitrogen tetroxide to produce nitrogen gas and water.

Units match2N2H4(g) + 1N2O4(g) 3N2(g) + 4H2O (g)

Page 8: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

molar mass Avogadro’s number Grams Moles particles

Everything must go through Moles!!!

Calculations

Page 9: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.
Page 10: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Mass to Mole Conversions:Mass to Mole Conversions:• 1. How many moles of water will be produced 1. How many moles of water will be produced

when 8.0 grams of hydrogen gas react with the when 8.0 grams of hydrogen gas react with the oxygen in the air?oxygen in the air?

• (Hint: To “make the switch” between different (Hint: To “make the switch” between different substances in a reaction, use the substances in a reaction, use the molemole ratio from ratio from the the balancedbalanced equation.) equation.)

• 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O

8.0 g H2 1 mol H2 2 mol H2O

2.0 g H2 2 mol H2 = 4.0 mol H2O

Page 11: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Mass to Mole Conversions:Mass to Mole Conversions:2. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and 2. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and

water react to form glucose, Cwater react to form glucose, C66HH1212OO66 and and

oxygen gas.oxygen gas.

6 CO6 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22O O C C66HH1212OO66 + 6 O + 6 O22

• If 15.6 grams of carbon dioxide react, how If 15.6 grams of carbon dioxide react, how many moles of glucose will be producedmany moles of glucose will be produced

15.6 g CO2 1 mol CO2 1 mol C6H12O6

1 44.0 g CO2 6 mol CO2

= 0.0591 mol C6H12O6

Page 12: Stoichiometry Baking Chocolate Chip Cookies!! 1 cup butter 1/2 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 1/2 cups.

Mass to Mole Conversions:Mass to Mole Conversions:2. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and 2. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and

water react to form glucose, Cwater react to form glucose, C66HH1212OO66 and and

oxygen gas.oxygen gas.

6 CO6 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22O O C C66HH1212OO66 + 6 O + 6 O22

• How many grams of carbon dioxide must How many grams of carbon dioxide must react to produce 0.25 moles of glucose?react to produce 0.25 moles of glucose?

0.25mol C6H12O6 6 mol CO2 44.0g CO2

1 1 molC6H12O6 1 mol CO2

= 66 g CO2