Stock Market Opening Bell

Effects of the War

What Doesn’t Belong

• Teller Amendment• Moral Diplomacy• Treaty of Paris

1898

• Mahan’s Sea Power Theory

• Treaty of Paris• Dollar Diplomacy

• Roosevelt Corollary

• Moral Diplomacy• Sussex Pledge

Thesis question:Compare and contrast the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt andWoodrow Wilson.

Treaty of Versailles

• Peace at Paris.-Big Four• Rejected 14 points• Germany believed they were stabbed in the back• Wilson wanted League of Nations, willing to trade• US rejects treaty-did not like obligations of League

• Irreconcilables- No Treaty• Lodge Reservations- Wanted some parts of

treaty changed (Monroe Doctrine guaranteed)

Society and economy in the postwar years

• Red Scare-Mass arrest and deportation of suspected communist

• Soldiers returned home to higher prices, less rights

• Strikes-public saw them tied to Bolshevism, immigrants

• Palmer Raids- Anti-Communist arrest• Red Summer-Summer of mass arrest,

deportations, violence

African Americans

• Great Migration, Race Riots• Marcus Garvey-UNIA-Back to Africa

movement, Black Racial Pride

• Reemergence of the KKK-Extreme Nativist, spread to Midwest

• Immigration Act and National Origins Act (1920s)

• Sacco Vanzetti Case-Displays anti-immigrant sentiment

• Immigration severely limited (Quotas)

The New Era:

• 1920s Republican Politics: • Harding, Coolidge, Hoover

• Harding-Relies on friends to run country-Ohio Gang

• Teapot Dome Scandal-illegal leasing of naval oil reserves

• Sells Veterans hospitals• Trickle Down Economics, lower taxes for

wealthy, higher tariffs• Isolationist, refuses to join League of

Nations

Coolidge

• Election of 1924-Coolidge wins, continues Harding's policies

• Refuses to help after Mississippi Flood

• Election of 1928-Hoover defeats Smith

• First Catholic ever to be nominated-lots of attacks

The Business of America and the Consumer Economy

• America develops a mass consumption economy, economic boom

• Buy now, pay later philosophy

• Chain stores, Advertising, Sports became a big business

• Radio-Broadcasting companies (NBC, CBS)

Scientific management-Frederick Taylor-Mass production

• Put in place by Henry Ford (Model T)• Paid his workers more-potential

customers• Welfare Capitalism-If workers were

taken care of, then less strikes• Automobile industry replaces steel as

main industry• Petroleum industry explodes• Development of national highways

Changing Culture

• Harlem Renaissance-African American Cultural movement

• Lost Generation- American literary movement describing life after the war (Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Lewis, Faulkner, Eliot).

• ''flaming youth", Jazz Age-Sexual repression=societies problems

• Flapper styles, female independence, equality• Margaret Sanger American Birth Control League• Liberalization of divorce laws

Response to Modernism

• Billy Sunday-National evangelical radio show-conservative values

• Scopes Trial-Laws banned the teaching of evolution

• Challenged in court, begins fundamentalism v. science debate.

• 18th Amendment-Rise of bootlegging, organized crime, speakeasies

The Great Depression

• Causes of the Great Depression• Purchasing stocks on Margin

• Black Tuesday-Stocks crashed from over speculation

• Banks owned much of the stock, began to collapse

• Creates a lack of credit

• Businesses begin to fail, unemployment reached 25%

• Hoover Felt market would correct itself, international problems

Hoover

• Did little to help those in need-Rugged Individualism

• Hoovervilles-Homeless communities• High tariff, balance budget

• Bonus Army-Unemployed veterans marched to Washington DC

• Hoover rejects, burns down their camp

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal• Election of 1832 Roosevelt promises a 'new

deal for America'.• 20th Amendment shortens lame-duck period

(Hoover's actions)

• Repeals Prohibition 21st Amendment• Creates Brain Trust-experts to run

government• Frances Perkins-First female cabinet member• Black Cabinet-Appoints African Americans as

advisors• Eleanor Roosevelt-Most active First Lady